Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| herpes simplex virus and risk of cervical cancer: a longitudinal, nested case-control study in the nordic countries. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) play the major role in cervical carcinogenesis. the authors reevaluated the role of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in this multistage process by conducting a longitudinal, nested case-control study using 1974-1993 data and comparing the results with those from a meta-analysis of studies. a nordic cohort of 550,000 women was followed up for an average of 5 years, after which 178 cervical carcinoma cases and 527 controls were identified. hsv-2; hpv-16, hpv-18, an ... | 2002 | 12370156 |
| projection of the future dimensions and costs of the genital herpes simplex type 2 epidemic in the united states. | infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) currently affects approximately 22% of adult americans and increased markedly in prevalence between the late 1970s and early 1990s. although some estimates of the costs of prevalent disease due to hsv-2 are available, selection of interventions to prevent hsv-2 infection, as well as evaluation of their potential cost-effectiveness, should take into account projected future costs that will result if the epidemic is left unchecked. | 2002 | 12370529 |
| a cell line that secretes inducibly a reporter protein for monitoring herpes simplex virus infection and drug susceptibility. | a cell line modified genetically (vero-icp10-seap) that responds to infection by herpes simplex virus (hsv) was established. the cell line was constructed by stable transfection of vero cell with a plasmid encoding the secreted alkaline phosphatase (seap) driven by the promoter of the hsv-2 icp10 gene. following infection with hsv, the stable line secretes a high level of the seap in the supernatants as measured by a chemiluminescence-based assay. the detection system is sensitive to an hsv tite ... | 2002 | 12376969 |
| [ehf-therapy of herpetic keratouveitis]. | a device bik for active suppression of infection has been used against herpes virus infection type 1 and 2 in 72 patients with keratouveitis. the immunological and genotypic monitoring show that patients with herpetic keratouveitis after bik treatment have lower titers of antiherpetic antibodies, normal cellular and humoral immunity, weaker viremia and reduced quantity of viral material in corneal tissue. this positive effect persisted for 8-12 months. thus, bik device provides a definite, prolo ... | 2002 | 12380532 |
| modulation of the immune response mediated by oral transgene administration of il-10. | in the current study, we analyze the immunomodulatory effect of oral transgene administration of il-10 using a mice model of viral inflammation. salmonella harboring a plasmid encoding the il-10 gene (slil10) was administered by the oral route together with salmonella carrying a plasmid encoding the glycoprotein d or b (slgd, slgb) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). this resulted in a high inhibition of the cellular and human immune response against the viral proteins. when mice immunized a ... | 2002 | 12381352 |
| use of immunostimulatory sequence-containing oligonucleotides as topical therapy for genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. | synthetic oligonucleotides containing cpg motifs in specific sequence contexts have been shown to induce potent immune responses. we have evaluated mucosal administration of two immunostimulatory sequence (iss)-containing phosphorothioate-stabilized oligonucleotides for antiherpetic efficacy in animal models. the iss oligonucleotides, suspended in phosphate-buffered saline, were tested in mouse and guinea pig vaginal models of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. for comparison, groups ... | 2002 | 12388699 |
| the r1 subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase protects cells against apoptosis at, or upstream of, caspase-8 activation. | the r1 subunit of herpes simplex virus (hsv) ribonucleotide reductase, which in addition to its c-terminal reductase domain possesses a unique n-terminal domain of about 400 amino acids, is thought to have an additional, as yet unknown, function. here, we report that the full-length hsv-2 r1 has an anti-apoptotic function able to protect cells against death triggered by expression of r1(delta2-357), an hsv-2 r1 subunit with its first 357 amino acids deleted. we further substantiate the r1 anti-a ... | 2002 | 12388814 |
| excretion of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein d into the culture medium. | glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was excreted from infected cells into the medium. peptide mapping analysis and lectin binding assays suggested that the gd in the medium is secreted after full glycosylation and cleavage at its c terminus. release of hsv-2 gd was inhibited by addition of either tunicamycin or brefeldin a, suggesting that the gd in the medium was secreted through the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus. | 2002 | 12388815 |
| modification of primary and recurrent genital herpes in guinea pigs by passive immunization. | guinea pigs were administered antiserum 24 h (as+24) or 72 h (as+72) after intravaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) challenge. treatment at either time reduced acute virus replication in the dorsal root ganglia and the overall magnitude of replication in the genital tract. in two studies, as+24 treatment significantly reduced the severity of primary genital skin disease and the frequency of subsequent spontaneous recurrent disease. in contrast, as+72 treatment produced a modest reduction ... | 2002 | 12388816 |
| immune up-regulation and tumor apoptosis by androstene steroids. | beta androstenes steroid up-regulates immunity to increase resistance against lethal infection and lethal radiation, and mediates a rapid recovery of hematopoietic precursor cells after radiation injury. beta androstenetriol increases the levels of the th(1) cytokines, il-2, il-3, ifn gamma and counteracts hydrocortisone mediated immune suppression. in contrast, 17 alpha androstenediol inhibits proliferation and mediates apoptosis in tumor cells of murine and human origin. its epimer 17beta andr ... | 2002 | 12398992 |
| neonatal herpes infection: diagnosis, treatment and prevention. | approximately 2000 neonates contract infection due to herpes simplex virus each year in the united states. although herpes simplex virus type 2 is responsible for most neonatal infections, approximately 30% of infections are caused by herpes simplex virus type 1. infections are categorized by extent of disease into skin/eye/mouth, central nervous system and disseminated disease categories. each disease category is responsible for roughly one third of neonatal infections. mortality is highest in ... | 2002 | 12401298 |
| help for herpes. | 2002 | 12403309 | |
| a double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of the icp10deltapk vaccine against recurrent genital hsv-2 infections. | a randomized double-blind trial to evaluate the safety of a novel recombinant virus, icp10deltapk, for reduction or prevention of recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection was carried out in public hospitals in mexico city. persons having a minimum of 5 documented herpetic recurrences in the previous year were randomized for vaccination. patients were examined within 72 hours of lesion occurrence. if accepted into the study, the patient was inoculated subcutaneously in the upper de ... | 2002 | 12403316 |
| seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in five sexually transmitted-disease clinics. | the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection was studied among 4128 patients from sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of human immunodeficiency virus and std counseling efficacy. hsv-2 seroprevalence was 40.8% and was higher in women than in men (52.0% vs. 32.4%; p<.0001) and higher in blacks than in nonblacks (48.1% vs. 29.6%; p<.0001). among 14-19-year-old patients, 36.8% of black women and 25.8% of nonblack women ... | 2002 | 12404152 |
| antiviral activity of spirulina maxima against herpes simplex virus type 2. | spirulina has been used in a variety of practical applications in biotechnology and medical sciences. this paper presents the antiviral activity found in a hot water extract (hwe) of a commercial preparation of spirulina maxima, studied by a microplate inhibition assay, using several viruses. the hwe inhibited the infection for: herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), pseudorabies virus (prv), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), and hsv-1, and the 50% effective inhibition doses (ed(50)) were 0.069, 0.103 ... | 2002 | 12406511 |
| synthesis and biological activity of strongly fluorescent tricyclic analogues of acyclovir and ganciclovir. | in search of strongly fluorescent tricyclic analogues of acyclovir (acv, 1) and ganciclovir (gcv, 2), derivatives of the 3,9-dihydro-9-oxo-5h-imidazo[1,2-a]purine system, several 6-[4-(acyloxy)phenyl], 6-[4-(acylamino)phenyl], and 6-[4-(phenoxycarbonyloxy)phenyl]-substituted tacv and tgcv analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in cell culture. all tacv and tgcv analogues showed strong fluorescence (quantum yield of 30-65% vs 2-amino ... | 2002 | 12408716 |
| hiv dynamics and behaviour change as determinants of the impact of sexually transmitted disease treatment on hiv transmission in the context of the rakai trial. | to assess how the impact of sexually transmitted disease (std) treatment on hiv incidence varies between stages of the hiv epidemic. | 2002 | 12409743 |
| impact of infectious burden on progression of carotid atherosclerosis. | recent findings suggest a causative role of infections in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. the extent of atherosclerosis and the prognosis of patients with atherosclerosis seem to be increased by the number of infections to which an individual has been exposed. in a prospective study, we evaluated the effect of 8 pathogens and the aggregate pathogen burden on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. | 2002 | 12411646 |
| intercellular trafficking of herpes simplex virus type 2 ul14 deletion mutant proteins. | the ul14 gene product of herpes simplex virus is a 32kda protein expressed late in infection and is a minor component of the virion tegument. we recently showed that the wild-type ul14 protein has heat shock protein (hsp)-like and/or molecular chaperone-like functions. in this study, the intracellular localization of ul14 wild-type and deletion mutant proteins was examined in transfected cells by immunofluorescence. we found that n-terminus deleted but not wild-type/c-terminus deleted mutant pro ... | 2002 | 12413948 |
| efficiency of reconstitution of immunoglobulin g from blood specimens dried on filter paper and utility in herpes simplex virus type-specific serology screening. | the performance of studies using sera from remote locations is greatly facilitated if whole-blood samples dried on filter paper are shown to be compatible with the serologic assay being employed. since dried blood samples do not require immediate refrigeration, occupy little space, and are easily transported, they may be used for evaluating the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in geographic locations where laboratory resources are limited. we evaluated the utility ... | 2002 | 12414771 |
| use of a single monoclonal antibody to determine the susceptibilities of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 clinical isolates to acyclovir. | this report describes a flow cytometry drug susceptibility assay that uses a single fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibody to determine the acyclovir susceptibilities of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 or type 2 clinical isolates. this assay yields 50% effective doses (drug concentrations that reduce the number of antigen-positive cells by 50%) for hsv clinical isolates that are equivalent to those obtained with the plaque reduction assay. | 2002 | 12414779 |
| immunization with combined hsv-2 glycoproteins b2 : d2 gene dnas: protection against lethal intravaginal challenges in mice. | the immunity of a combined dna vaccine of hsv-2 glycoproteins b2 (gb2) and d2 (gd2) genes in comparison to individual vaccines was studied with regard to protecting against the hsv infection. two recombinant dna vaccines of the phs2-gb2 or phs2-gd2 were constructed and formulated. the neutralizing antibody titers appeared higher in the b2 : d2 gene cocktail-vaccinated mice than that of the individual b2 or d2 gene-vaccinated group alone, and the positive kos control induced higher titer of the n ... | 2002 | 12416680 |
| targeting apoptosis in neurological disease using the herpes simplex virus. | herpes simplex viruses type 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) cause central nervous system (cns) disease ranging from benign aseptic meningitis to fatal encephalitis. in adults, cns infection with hsv-2 is most often associated with aseptic meningitis while hsv-1 frequently produces severe, focal encephalitis associated with high mortality and morbidity. recent studies suggested that the distinct neurological outcome of cns infection with the two viruses may be due to their distinct modulation of apoptoti ... | 2002 | 12417051 |
| characterization of b virus glycoprotein antibodies induced by dna immunization. | genes encoding glycoproteins gb, gc, gd, ge, and gg of herpes b virus (species cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) were cloned into mammalian expression vector pcdna3.1/v5-his. abilities of the plasmid constructs to express recombinant glycoproteins were confirmed by western blot analysis of transfected cho-k1 and cos-7 cells. antibody production was induced in rabbits by intramuscular injections with the expression constructs at four-weekly intervals. antibodies to gb were detected after the second d ... | 2002 | 12417944 |
| herpes simplex virus-2 as a human papillomavirus cofactor in the etiology of invasive cervical cancer. | human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is the main cause of invasive cervical cancer, but cofactors may act in conjunction with hpv. we performed a pooled analysis of seven case-control studies to examine the effect of one possible hpv cofactor, herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) infection, in the etiology of invasive cervical cancer. | 2002 | 12419786 |
| torch agents in pregnant saudi women. | to determine the seroprevalence rates of igg to common torch agents in pregnant saudi women using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | 2002 | 12424411 |
| antioxidant and antiviral activities of euphorbia thymifolia l. | the antioxidant and antiviral activities of euphorbia thymifolia l. (euphorbiaceae) were investigated in this study. the results showed that all of the fractions (meoh, chcl(3), etoac, n-butanol and water) and pure compounds (3-o-galloyl-4,6-(s)-hhdp-d-glucose, rugosin b and 1,3,4,6-tetra-o-galloyl-k-beta-d-glucose)tested possessed antioxidant activities, with the exception of the organic aqueous fraction in the anti-lipid and anti-superoxide formation assays. the range of ic(50) of anti-lipid f ... | 2002 | 12432232 |
| herpesvirus papio 2 encodes a virion host shutoff function. | infection of baboons with herpesvirus papio 2 (hvp-2) produces a disease that is similar to human infection with herpes simplex viruses (hsv). molecular characterization of hvp-2 has demonstrated that the virion contains a factor which rapidly shuts off host cell protein synthesis after infection. reduction of host cell protein synthesis occurs in parallel with the degradation of mrna species. a homolog of the hsv virion host shutoff (vhs) gene was identified by southern and dna sequence analysi ... | 2002 | 12490401 |
| the latency-associated gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) interferes with superinfection by hsv-1. | during herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) lifelong latency in human peripheral sensory ganglia (psg), only the viral latency-associated transcript (lat) gene is expressed. this raises the possibility that this gene is involved in establishment of latency of the virus, its maintenance, or reactivation. here we present data that indicate yet another independent function of the lat gene: interference with hsv-1 superinfection of latently infected neurons. neuronal cells stably expressing the lats ... | 2002 | 12491159 |
| antiviral properties of prodelphinidin b-2 3'-o-gallate from green tea leaf. | prodelphinidin b-2 3-o-gallate, a proanthocyanidin gallate isolated from green tea leaf, was investigated for its anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 properties in vitro. prodelphinidin b-2 3'-o-gallate exhibited antiviral activity with ic50 of 5.0 +/-1.0 microm and 1.6 +/-0.3 pm for xtt and plaque reduction (pra) assays, respectively. cytotoxicity assay had shown that prodelphinidin b-2 3'-o-gallate possessed cytotoxic effect toward vero cell at concentration higher than its ic50. the 50% cytotoxi ... | 2002 | 12495210 |
| herpes simplex virus helicase-primase inhibitors are active in animal models of human disease. | herpes simplex virus infections are the cause of significant morbidity, and currently used therapeutics are largely based on modified nucleoside analogs that inhibit viral dna polymerase function. to target this disease in a new way, we have identified and optimized selective thiazolylphenyl-containing inhibitors of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) helicase-primase enzyme. the most potent compounds inhibited the helicase, the primase and the dna-dependent atpase activities of the enzyme with ic50 ... | 2002 | 11927945 |
| seroprevalence and coinfection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in the united states, 1988-1994. | seroprevalence of and coinfection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in the united states were analyzed by use of data from a nationally representative survey (national health and nutrition examination survey iii, 1988-1994). evidence was explored for possible protection by prior hsv-1 infection against infection and clinical disease with hsv-2. overall, 27.1% of persons aged > or =12 years were seronegative for hsv-1 and hsv-2; 51.0% were seropositive for hsv-1 only, 5. ... | 2002 | 11930310 |
| genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection: new fields for an old acquaintance? | herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 is the principal agent of chronic remittent genital herpes. worldwide, only 10-20% of genital isolates are hsv-1. studies from the british isles and scandinavia indicate, however, that hsv-1 is responsible for a significant proportion or even the majority of first clinical episodes of genital herpes in young women. actual data show that a trend towards genital hsv-1 infections may also hold true for germany. this article summarizes possible reasons for and consequenc ... | 2002 | 11937764 |
| clinical and subclinical reactivation of genital herpes virus. | reactivations of herpes simplex virus (hsv) either symptomatically (recrudescence) or without symptoms (recurrence) are well documented. as an asymptomatic reactivation may contribute to transmitting hsv to potential acceptors the frequency of reactivations should be evaluated. in order to evaluate the frequency of hsv-2 reactivation 173 genital swabs of a group of women chosen at random were analyzed by nested pcr. 34 (19.6%) showed clinical evidence of a herpes infection, 77 (44.5%) had no sym ... | 2002 | 11937767 |
| [treatment of dystrophy, dysplasia and initial stages of vulvar carcinoma in virus infections]. | overall sixty-seven patients with distrophy, dysplasia and valvular carcinoma presenting with human papilloma virus- and herpes simplex-2 virus infections underwent a complex treatment intended for background, precancerous affections of the vulva and for valvular carcinoma, involving the use of antiviral drug preparations laferon, zovirax, lovir (both on the systemic and local basis), and an immunomodulator (decaris). efficacy of the above treatment option has been shown to be 98.5%. | 2002 | 11944391 |
| 6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]pyrimidines with antiviral activity. | 6-hydroxypyrimidines substituted at positions 2 and 4 by hydrogen, methyl, amino, cyclopropylamino, dimethylamino, methylsulfanyl, or hydroxyl group afford by the reaction with diisopropyl 2-(chloroethoxy)methylphosphonate in the presence of nah, cs(2)co(3), or dbu a mixture of n(1)- and o(6)-[2-(diisopropylphosphorylmethoxy)ethyl] isomers which were converted to the free phosphonic acids by treatment with bromotrimethylsilane followed by hydrolysis. analogously, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine ... | 2002 | 11960502 |
| an evidence based approach to testing for antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2. | to establish whether a simple risk scoring system, based on limited information, can reflect the variation in hsv-2 prevalence in a population, and whether a common system can be used across settings. to establish whether knowledge of a patient's score can aid the interpretation of the result from one of the commercial type specific assays. | 2002 | 12473804 |
| aborted genital herpes simplex virus lesions: findings from a randomised controlled trial with valaciclovir. | in prospective trials, episodic valaciclovir significantly increased the chance of preventing or aborting the development of painful vesicular genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) lesions compared with placebo. we explored the clinical outcome of aborted lesions and its association with early treatment in a study designed to compare 3 and 5 days' treatment with valaciclovir. | 2002 | 12473805 |
| phosphorylation of cytokeratin 17 by herpes simplex virus type 2 us3 protein kinase. | we previously reported the establishment of an hep2 cell line which expresses the us3 protein kinase (pk) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) upon induction with iptg. here we report that expression, phosphorylation and ubiquitination of cytokeratin 17 (ck17) are enhanced in us3-expressing hep2 cells. in vitro kinase and co-immunoprecipitation assays provided evidence that us3 pk directly phosphorylates ck17. expression of us3 pk caused a significant decrease in filamentous staining of ck17, ... | 2002 | 12477250 |
| images in clinical medicine. herpetic encephalitis and acute retinal necrosis. | 2002 | 12477943 | |
| [viruses and glomerulonephritis]. | 2002 | 12479009 | |
| antitumor activity and metabolic activation of n-methanocarbathymidine, a novel thymidine analogue with a pseudosugar rigidly fixed in the northern conformation, in murine colon cancer cells expressing herpes simplex thymidine kinase. | n-methanocarbathymidine [(n)-mct], a thymidine analogue incorporating a pseudosugar with a fixed northern conformation, exhibits antiherpetic activity against both herpes simplex virus (hsv) hsv-1 and hsv-2, with a potency greater than that of the reference standard, ganciclovir (gcv). in the present study, we have assessed the cytotoxic activity in vitro of (n)-mct in wild-type murine colon cancer cells (mc38) and in cells expressing the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene (mc38/hsv-tk), and t ... | 2002 | 12479218 |
| prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody in cameroon. | genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. as a leading cause of genital ulceration, herpes genitalis plays a role in facilitating the transmission of hiv. although hiv infection is most prevalent in cameroon, information is lacking about prevalence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 infection in this country. | 2002 | 12438898 |
| prevalence and determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a cohort of hiv-positive individuals in italy. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections may be a risk factor for the transmission of hiv. data on the prevalence of hsv-2 infection among hiv-positive individuals are scarce. | 2002 | 12438902 |
| seroprevalences of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 among pregnant women in the netherlands. | in the netherlands 73% of cases of neonatal herpes are caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), whereas in the united states a majority are caused by hsv type 2 (hsv-2). goal to understand this difference we undertook a seroepidemiological study on the prevalence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 among pregnant women. | 2002 | 12438909 |
| [morphological aspects of the placenta in women - carriers of cytomegalovirus and herpes infections]. | a macro- and microscopic study was made into the placenta in those women who are carriers of cytomegalo- and herpes virus-associated infections. development of chronic fetoplacental insufficiency manifested by gain in the mass of the placenta, volume of macropathology, has been found to be a prominent feature of the placenta in the above female subjects. histologic studies suggest to us that development of the fetoplacental insufficiency is related to immaturity of the villious chorion, diffuse ... | 2002 | 12442526 |
| database searching for thymidine and thymidylate kinase inhibitors using three-dimensional structure-based methods. | structure-based drug design methods were used to search for novel inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase and mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidylate kinase. the method involved the use of crystal structure complexes to guide database searching for potential inhibitors. a number of weak inhibitors of hsv-2 were identified, one of which was found to inhibit hsv-1 tk and hsv-1 tk-deficient viral strains. each compound tested against m. tuberculosis thymidylate kinase was ... | 2002 | 12443042 |
| gfs, a preparation of tasmanian undaria pinnatifida is associated with healing and inhibition of reactivation of herpes. | we sought to assess whether gfs, a proprietary preparation of tasmanian undaria pinnatifida, has effects on healing or re-emergence of herpetic infections, and additionally, to assess effects of gfs in vitro. undaria is the most commonly eaten seaweed in japan, and contains sulphated polyanions and other components with potential anti-viral activity. herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infections have lower reactivation rates and herpes type 2 (hsv-2) infections have lower incidence in japan tha ... | 2002 | 12443533 |
| glycoprotein-d-adjuvant vaccine to prevent genital herpes. | an effective prophylactic vaccine would help control the spread of genital herpes. | 2002 | 12444179 |
| the beginning of the end for cervical cancer? | 2002 | 12444186 | |
| viral titers and delayed facial palsy after acoustic neuroma surgery. | delayed facial palsy (dfp) after acoustic neuroma surgery has been reported to occur in up to one third of cases. reactivation of latent virus has been proposed as an etiology for dfp. however, only retrospective case reports and case series have offered data to support this theory. the objective of this study was to correlate dfp with change in viral titers. patients and methods: twenty consecutive patients who underwent acoustic neuroma surgery were prospectively evaluated for viral titers imm ... | 2002 | 12447236 |
| changes in plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 rna associated with herpes simplex virus reactivation and suppression. | in early trials of antiretroviral therapy, acyclovir was associated with increased survival by an unknown mechanism. the hypothesis that subclinical herpes simplex virus (hsv) reactivation was associated, in vivo, with increased plasma human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) rna and suppression with a reduced plasma hiv rna load was investigated. hsv cultures were performed daily on hsv-2-positive/hiv-positive patients, and plasma hiv-1 rna loads were measured at regular intervals. a subset of patien ... | 2002 | 12447756 |
| polysulfonates derived from metal thiolate complexes as inhibitors of hiv-1 and various other enveloped viruses in vitro. | sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate reacts with the metal ions pd(ii), pt(ii), ag(i), cd(ii) and zn(ii) to yield complexes containing multiple anionic sulfonate sites. on the basis of spectroscopic and other analytical data the complexes were assigned the tentative molecular formulas: pd6(sch2ch2so3na)12, ptn(sch2ch2so3na)2n+2, agn(sch2ch2so3na)n, na2zn4(sch2ch2so3na)10, and na2cd4(sch2ch2so3na)10. the complexes displayed a variety of differences in activity towards dna and rna viruses. the platinu ... | 2002 | 12448691 |
| a thymidine phosphorylase-stable analogue of bvdu with significant antiviral activity. | (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)isodideoxyuridine (bvisoddu), synthesized on the basis of molecular modeling, is selectively active against hsv-1 (three different strains) but inactive against hsv-2. unlike bvdu, bvisoddu is completely resistant to cleavage by thymidine phosphorylase. bvisoddu is also the first nucleoside analogue lacking oh groups at both the 2'- and 3'-position that shows pronounced activity against hsv-1 replication. | 2002 | 12459010 |
| a community randomized controlled trial to investigate impact of improved std management and behavioural interventions on hiv incidence in rural masaka, uganda: trial design, methods and baseline findings. | to describe study design, methods and baseline findings of a behavioural intervention alone and in combination with improved management of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) aimed at reducing hiv incidence and other stds. | 2002 | 12460397 |
| association between cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus and hiv-1. | to investigate the association between the cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and hiv-1. | 2002 | 12461416 |
| transmission of human herpesvirus 8 by sexual activity among adults in lagos, nigeria. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) infection is common in africa, but prevalence varies geographically. studies in europe and america suggest spread through homosexual contact, but evidence of heterosexual spread is inconsistent. we examined the association between hhv-8 and markers of risky sexual activity in nigeria. | 2002 | 12461423 |
| [herpetic meningo-encephalitis]. | herpes simplex encephalitis is characterized by a very poor prognosis. hsv1 and hsv2 are the two viruses responsible for this neurological infection. the gold standard assay for the diagnosis is pcr on csf. however, one should not wait for the result of this assay to initiate an antiviral treatment, using i.v. aciclovir. | 2002 | 12469514 |
| antivirals in the prevention of genital herpes. | genital herpes remains one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. despite best efforts to prevent sexually transmitted diseases in the era of aids, the incidence of genital herpes continues to rise, and evidence that herpes simplex virus type 2 is a significant cofactor in the transmission of hiv infection is mounting. because of the common psychosocial consequences of genital herpes transmission, prevention modalities against transmission of genital herpes are urgently required fro ... | 2002 | 12470605 |
| routine use of hsv-1 and hsv-2 antibody testing. | 2002 | 12470607 | |
| analysis of the interferon status and cytokine profile in patients with genital herpes. | the present work is dedicated to the investigation and complete characterization of the interferon (ifn) and cytokine profile in 8 patients with genital herpes caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). the control group included 42 healthy individuals. the patients with genital herpes showed a significant reduction in the ability to produce ifn-alpha and a slight decrease in the ability to produce ifn-gamma. at the same time, most of the patients had high titers of circulating plasma if ... | 2002 | 12687260 |
| the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection in blood donors in harare, zimbabwe. | to determine the prevalence of hsv-2 infections in a population of blood donors. | 2002 | 12971156 |
| congenital infections. | despite major medical advances, such as the introduction of the rubella vaccine and prolonged postnatal therapy of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis, intrauterine infections remain important causes of deafness, vision loss, and behavioral or neurologic disorders among children worldwide. this article describes the common pathogens causing intrauterine infections and summarizes the current status of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. | 2002 | 12616680 |
| non-hiv antivirals - a review of the recent patent literature. | this review covers the non-hiv antiviral patent literature from december 2001 to april 2002. most of the patent applications describe new compounds for the treatment of hepatitis c virus (hcv) by inhibition of the ns3 serine protease. several examples of both nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors of the hcv polymerase ns5b have been reported. hepatitis b virus (hbv) therapy continues to be dominated by nucleoside analogs, but several non-nucleoside hbv polymerase inhibitors have also been rep ... | 2002 | 12802698 |
| [herpetic meningitis in the child]. | in children, viral meningitis is usually caused by enteroviruses. herpes simplex viruses (hsv) are known to be a cause of meningo-encephalitis. hsv-2 has been reported to cause recurrent meningitis (mollaret's meningitis) in adults. case report: we report the case of a three-year-old girl with hsv-1 meningitis, whose evolution with treatment by aciclovir was good. conclusion: hsv-1 has rarely been reported as a cause of isolated aseptic meningitis in children. primary phase of herpes simplex vir ... | 2002 | 12503506 |
| testing for genital herpes: how, who, and why. | 2002 | 12520653 | |
| vaccine candidates in std. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) are caused by organisms that infect the mucosal surfaces of the genitourinary tract. in spite of its public health importance, current std vaccine research lags behind work against pathogens that target another mucosal region, the respiratory tract. in the latter case, live-attenuated viral vaccines, killed whole-cell bacterial vaccines, subunit/protein bacterial vaccines, and bacterial polysaccharide vaccines have been enormously successful. to move std vacc ... | 2002 | 12537725 |
| [experimental study on the viricidal effect of rough extracts of camptothecine fruit on herpes simplex virus-2 in vitro]. | to study the viricidal effect of rough extracts of camptothecine fruit on herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2). | 2002 | 12575335 |
| involvement of herpes simplex type 2 in modulation of gene expression of human papillomavirus type 18. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) can establish latent or persistent infections in the host, and are involved in the aetiology of benign and/or malignant lesions of the urogenital tract. to investigate the putative interaction between these dna viruses when a double infection occurs, we have studied the effect of hsv-2 infection in hela 229 cells containing 10-50 copies of hpv type 18 genomic dna. twenty hours post hsv-2 infection, the analysis of mrna transcr ... | 2002 | 12593789 |
| prevalence and risk factors associated with perianal ulcer in advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of perianal ulcer in aids patients with advanced disease, and to investigate risk factors associated with these lesions. | 2002 | 12718817 |
| a retrospective review of mucocutaneous infections by human herpesvirus 1 and 2 in an urban population in malaysia. | this is a 10-year retrospective review of mucocutaneous infection by human herpesvirus 1 (hhv1) and human herpesvirus 2 (hhv2) carried out by the virus diagnostic unit of university malaya medical centre (ummc). a total of 504 specimens from ummc and a private clinic in the same city (klsc) were tested; 198 samples from patients with oral lesions and 306 from patients with genital lesions. hhv1 was found to be responsible for 98.4% of oral lesions whereas hhv2 was the cause of 83.6% of all genit ... | 2002 | 14569722 |
| [clinical aspects and diagnosis of epstein-barr virus infections]. | 2002 | 14750257 | |
| two-day regimen of acyclovir for treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. | the standard course of antiviral therapy for recurrent genital herpes requires administration of multiple doses of medication for 5 days. to assess the efficacy of a shorter course of antiviral therapy, patients with recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of acyclovir (800 mg given by mouth 3 times per day [t.i.d.]) for 2 days. of 131 people enrolled in the study, 84 (51 women and 33 men) were observed ... | 2002 | 11880960 |
| risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in herpes simplex virus type 2-seropositive persons: a meta-analysis. | to determine the contribution of herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) infection to the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) acquisition, a systematic review of literature and data synthesis were done. thirty-one studies addressed the risk of hiv infection in hsv-2-seropositive persons. for 9 cohort and nested case-control studies that documented hsv-2 infection before hiv acquisition, the risk estimate was 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-3.2). thus, the attributable risk percentage of hiv to hs ... | 2002 | 11756980 |
| cytotoxic effect (on tumor cells) and in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus of synthetic spongiane diterpenes. | a series of synthetic spongiane-type diterpenes have been tested in vitro for their potential antitumor and antiherpetic activity. although the antiviral activity of these compounds against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was very weak, some compounds exhibited relevant cytotoxicity in the human tumor cell lines hela and hep-2. the biological activity of formyl spongianes is reported for the first time. with the present study, some structure-activity trends are suggested for the cytotoxic ac ... | 2002 | 11858754 |
| herpes simplex virus. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) commonly causes human infections in the orofacial region (hsv-1) and in the genital region (hsv-2). productive viral infection in mucosal epithelial cells may result in clinical symptoms and is followed by a latent infection within sensory neurons. during productive infection a large number of viral gene products are expressed while during latent infection few or no viral proteins are expressed. reactivation from latency results in recurrent infections and disease at o ... | 2002 | 11861220 |
| herpes simplex virus selectively induces expression of the cc chemokine rantes/ccl5 in macrophages through a mechanism dependent on pkr and icp0. | recruitment of leukocytes is essential for eventual control of virus infections. macrophages represent a leukocyte population involved in the first line of defense against many infections, including herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. through presentation of antigens to t cells and production of cytokines and chemokines, macrophages also constitute an important link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. here, we have investigated the chemokine expression profile of macrophages after ... | 2002 | 11861845 |
| anti-apoptotic protein kinase of herpes simplex virus. | 2002 | 11864810 | |
| expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 protein icp10 pk rescues neurons from apoptosis due to serum deprivation or genetic defects. | previous studies have shown that the herpes simplex virus type 2 protein kinase icp10 pk activates the ras/mek/mapk pathway in nonneuronal cells. here we report that ectopically expressed icp10 pk has anti-apoptotic activity in various paradigms of neuronal cell death. neuronally differentiated pc12 cells and primary murine hippocampal cultures transfected with an expression vector for icp10 pk were protected from cell death resulting from growth factor withdrawal. protection from apoptosis was ... | 2002 | 11869040 |
| increased prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among adolescent women with alcohol use disorders. | to determine the relationship between alcohol use disorders (auds) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections among a sample of sexually active adolescents. | 2002 | 11869923 |
| mutational analysis of critical residues determining antigen presentation and activation of hla-dq0602 restricted t-cell clones. | three different hla-dq0602 restricted t-lymphocyte clones (clones 5, 44, and 48) specific for two different herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) vp16 peptides were used in a series of proliferation assays with bls-1 cell lines expressing mutated hla-dq0604 molecules as apc. up to four residues in the peptide-binding region of dq0604 were replaced by the respective dq0602 residue. for all three clones, residue beta70 played a crucial role in tcr recognition; beta30 and beta57 were important, altho ... | 2002 | 11872236 |
| std in bangladesh's trucking industry: prevalence and risk factors. | this study characterises the prevalence of a broad spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) (herpes simplex virus 2, syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea), and examines associations between risk factors and infection in men working in bangladesh's trucking industry. given the high risk sexual behaviours of truck drivers and helpers in many contexts, as well as the direct health effects of stds and their role in facilitating hiv transmission, it is important to understand the prevalence of std ... | 2002 | 11872856 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity among urban adults in africa: results from two cross-sectional surveys in addis ababa, ethiopia. | although several surveys investigating the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection using type-specific immunologic assays have been carried out in africa, none has examined the risk factors for hsv-2 infection in a representative sample from an urban adult population. | 2002 | 11875379 |
| evaluation of confirmatory strategies for detection of type-specific antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 2. | in this study, the optimal combination of three commercial glycoprotein g-2 (gg-2)-based herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (euroimmun anti-hsv-2 immunoglobulin g [igg] elisa [eu2], gull hsv-2-specific igg elisa [gu2], and radim hsv-2 igg elisa [ra2]) and one gg-2-based hsv-2-specific immunoblot (euroimmun anti-hsv-1/hsv-2 gg western blot [euw]) was determined with regard to diagnostic performance and cost efficiency. two hundred fifty serum samp ... | 2002 | 11825950 |
| coexistent infections on a child's distal phalanx: blistering dactylitis and herpetic whitlow. | we report a case of coexistent staphylococcus aureus and herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections responsible for a bullous and vesicular eruption on a child's distal phalanx. blistering distal dactylitis (bdd), a superficial infection of the distal portion of the finger, is seen most commonly in children and is caused by either beta-hemolytic streptococci or s aureus. herpetic whitlow, also a blistering infection found on children's distal fingers, is a bacteriologic sterile infection caused by hs ... | 2002 | 11829178 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection increases hiv incidence: a prospective study in rural tanzania. | to quantify the association between prevalent or incident herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv2) infection and the incidence of hiv seroconversion among adults in the general population in rural tanzania. | 2002 | 11834958 |
| the enantiomers of carbocyclic 5'-norguanosine: activity towards epstein-barr virus. | (-)-5'-noraristeromycin (1) has shown antiviral activity towards, particularly cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus and measles while its (+)-enantiomer (2) is effective towards hepatitis b virus. to determine if the antiviral characteristics of 1 and 2 extended to the guanine analogues (3 and 4), these enantiomers were prepared and evaluated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), varicella zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), human herpes viru ... | 2002 | 11836094 |
| pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 2 virion host shutoff (vhs) mutants. | during lytic infection, the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein mediates the rapid degradation of mrna and the shutoff of host protein synthesis. in vivo, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutants lacking vhs activity are profoundly attenuated. homologs of vhs exist in all of the neurotropic herpesviruses, and the goal of this study was to determine the virulence of hsv-2 mutants lacking vhs. two hsv-2 recombinants were used in this study: 333-vhsb, which has a lacz cassette inserted into the n ... | 2002 | 11836383 |
| b7 costimulation plays an important role in protection from herpes simplex virus type 2-mediated pathology. | we have used mice lacking both b7-1 and b7-2 costimulation molecules (b7ko) to investigate the effects of b7 costimulation on herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) pathogenesis. b7ko mice infected intravaginally with virulent hsv-2 showed more severe genital and neurologic disease and higher mortality rates than their wild-type counterparts. these results suggest that b7 costimulation molecules play an important role in the development of primary immune responses protective against hsv-2. | 2002 | 11836436 |
| fetal demise due to herpes simplex virus: an illustrated case report. | we report and illustrate a case of fetal demise at 31 weeks caused by fulminant herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. the 15-year-old mother reported no past history or symptoms of an hsv infection during pregnancy. autopsy revealed extensively ulcerated skin and necrosis of the liver, adrenal glands, brain, and placental membranes. fluorescent in situ hybridization studies of the lungs, liver, adrenal glands and placenta were positive for hsv, but did not distinguish between hsv-1 and hsv-2. a ... | 2002 | 11840250 |
| development of drug-resistant herpes simplex virus infection after haploidentical hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation. | an unusually high incidence of acyclovir- and foscarnet-resistant herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection was noted after lymphocyte-depleted blood hematopoietic progenitor cell (hpc) transplantation from hla-haploidentical family donors. fourteen adults with hematologic malignancies underwent blood hpc transplantation from haploidentical family donors. pheresis products were stringently depleted of t and b cells by immunomagnetic adsorption, and patients received no immunosuppression after transpl ... | 2002 | 11807018 |
| broad-spectrum antiherpes activities of 4-hydroxyquinoline carboxamides, a novel class of herpesvirus polymerase inhibitors. | through broad screening of the compound library at pharmacia, a naphthalene carboxamide was identified as a nonnucleoside inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) polymerase. structure-activity relationship studies demonstrated that a quinoline ring could be substituted for naphthalene, resulting in the discovery of a 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxamide (4-hqc) class of antiviral agents with unique biological properties. in vitro assays with the 4-hqcs have demonstrated potent inhibition of hcmv, ... | 2002 | 11850254 |
| the use of a genetically engineered herpes simplex virus (r7020) with ionizing radiation for experimental hepatoma. | the herpes simplex virus (hsv) recombinant virus r7020 is an attenuated virus designed as a candidate for immunization against both hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections. it was extensively tested in an experimental animal system and in a healthy human adult population without significant untoward effects. we report on the use of r7020 with ionizing radiation as an oncolytic agent for hepatomas. two hepatoma cell lines were studied, hep3b and huh7. r7020 replicated to higher titers in hep3b cells than in h ... | 2002 | 11850725 |
| [therapeutic effect of gefin, a new antiviral drug, in experimental genital herpes ]. | antiviral activity of gefin was studied in guinea pigs infected with herpes simplex virus (hsv-2). up to 54.9% animals challenged with hsv survived after 7-day treatment with gefin (3 local applications a day). the prospects of further trials of the drug in hsv genital herpes are discussed. | 2002 | 11852781 |
| [effects of hyaluronic acid preparation on the development of herpetic infection in cell culture]. | cell culture experiments demonstrated antiviral activity of a new hyaluronic acid preparation towards hsv-2. the active concentration of hyaluronic acid is at least 5%. | 2002 | 11852782 |
| detection of hsv-2 in genital ulcers from std patients in dar es salaam, tanzania. | genital ulcer disease (gud) is common in many developing countries. several reports indicate that there is an association with hiv infection. analysis by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has demonstrated that the ulcers are frequently caused by herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2), although hsv-1 is becoming increasingly important in many parts of the world. comparable studies have not been performed in tanzania. | 2002 | 11856619 |
| clustering of seropositivities for sexually transmitted infections. | serology for different sexually transmitted infections (stis) is useful for epidemiologic studies on the spread of stis in different populations. studying whether seropositivities for different stis cluster could be useful, both for development of improved serologic markers of sexual behavior in populations and for understanding how stis may differ in terms of the dynamics of their spread. | 2002 | 11912461 |
| can behavior change explain increases in the proportion of genital ulcers attributable to herpes in sub-saharan africa? a simulation modeling study. | the proportion of cases of genital ulcer disease attributable to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) appears to be increasing in sub-saharan africa. | 2002 | 11912465 |
| antiviral susceptibility of herpes simplex viruses and its clinical correlates: a single center's experience. | the in vitro susceptibility to acyclovir of 204 herpes simplex virus isolates from 165 immunocompromised patients treated at our hospital was determined by the cytopathic effect reduction assay. approximately 95% of herpes simplex virus 1 and 73% of herpes simplex virus 2 isolates were inhibited by acyclovir at concentrations of <2 microgram/ml. from 8 patients (5%), an isolate with low susceptibility to acyclovir (50% inhibitory dose, >3 microgram/ml) was recovered. medical records of 83 patien ... | 2002 | 11914993 |
| increasing prevalence of hsv-2 points to need for more effective prevention strategies. | 2002 | 11916492 |