Publications

sequence and expression of a constitutive, facilitated glucose transporter (glut1) in atlantic cod gadus morhua.	a putative glucose transporter, glut1, is reported for atlantic cod gadus morhua. a combination of rt-pcr, rlm-race and genome walking were used to articulate a 4560 bp cdna (genbank accession number ay526497). it contains a 149 bp 5' utr, a 1470 bp open reading frame and a 2941 bp 3' utr. at the nucleotide level, the cod glut1 orf shares 78.2% sequence identity to human glut1 and the deduced amino acid sequence clusters with glut1s from rainbow trout and carp. glut1 transcript is highly express ...	2004	15579563
improvement of transfection efficiency of epithelioma papulosum cyprini carp cells by modification of cell cycle and use of an optimal promoter.	several methods to improve transfection of epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) carp cells have been tested and are reported here. by modifying the cell cycle state of epc cell monolayers and selecting the best promoter for the plasmid to be transfected, we increased transfection efficiency from 12.8% to 55.1% and decreased the coefficient of variation among different experiments from 54.1% to 11.8%. thus 2- to 3-fold higher transfection efficiencies were obtained when the epc monolayers were tre ...	2004	15592944
molecular phylogeny of the kidney-parasitic sphaerospora renicola from common carp (cyprinus carpio) and sphaerospora sp. from goldfish (carassius auratus auratus).	the genetic relatedness of two kidney-parasitic sphaerospora species was studied. although s. renicola, the causative agent of swimbladder inflammation of common carp fingerlings (cyprinus carpio), and sphaerospora sp. originating from goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) were indistinguishable on the basis of spore morphology, they were found to be genetically different as their 18s rdna sequences shared only 71.9% identical nucleotides. in the phylogenetic trees, sphaerospora sp. from goldfish ...	2004	15595280
identification of estrogenic compounds in wastewater effluent.	in order to identify the dominant contributors to estrogenic activity in environmental waters, a comprehensive fractionation method using silica gel column chromatography, combined with recombinant yeast assay for detecting estrogenic activity and with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for quantifying endocrine disruptors and natural estrogens, was developed. the method was applied to the municipal sewage treatment plant (stp) secondary effluent discharged to the tamagawa river in tokyo, japa ...	2004	15648753
the cestode atractolytocestus huronensis (caryophyllidea) continues to spread in europe: new data on the helminth parasite of the common carp.	the caryophyllidean tapeworm atractolytocestus huronensis anthony, 1958, originally described from the common carp cyprinus carpio carpio l. from north america, has recently been introduced into europe (uk, hungary). in the present study, the dispersion of the tapeworm in other countries of central europe (slovakia and the czech republic) is described, including its first observation in the common carp of the tisa river, southeastern slovakia. because of the transboundary location of the river, ...	2004	15648838
opisthorchiasis from imported raw fish.	liver fluke infection caused by opisthorchiidae is a major public health problem in many parts of the far east, southeast asia, and eastern europe. however, with the growing volume of international travel and population migration, the infection is increasingly diagnosed in countries where the disease is not endemic, particularly in north america. we report an outbreak of acute opisthorchiasis in a family that was infected in a non-disease-endemic area after eating raw carp illegally imported fro ...	2004	15663848
toxicity and bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos in indian carp catla catla (hamilton), labeo rohita (hamilton), and cirrhinus mrigala (hamilton).		2004	15669740
tracking of the hormonally induced maturation of female eels by computed tomography.	female european eels were kept in artificial seawater for a trial period of 14 weeks. three fish were injected intra-abdominally with carp pituitary suspension (twice a week) and human chorionic gonadotropin (every 2nd week), with the aim to induce artificial maturation. three further fish were not treated (control). fish were not fed during the trial. the treated fish were scanned by computed tomography (ct) every second week (the controls only at the start and at the end of the trial) to follo ...	2004	15168755
endocrine disruption and altered gonadal development in white perch (morone americana) from the lower great lakes region.	high prevalences of gonadal intersex have been observed in wild fish populations in areas affected by domestic and industrial effluents. for this study, fish were collected in 1998 from the cootes paradise region of hamilton harbour in western lake ontario, canada, to determine whether gonadal abnormalities, including intersex, were present in young of the year (yoy) fish. no gonadal abnormalities were observed in goldfish (carassius auratus), common carp (cyprinus carpio), gizzard shad (dorosom ...	2004	15175179
identification of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (mrp) related gene in red mullet (mullus barbatus).	multixenobiotic resistance mechanism (mxr) in aquatic organisms is mediated by the activity of the p-glycoprotein (pgp) transporter that binds and actively effluxes different chemicals out of cell. in addition to the pgp, several other, non-pgp transport proteins have been recently identified in different human and animal tissues. given their characteristics and tissue distribution we hypothesized that members of the so-called multidrug resistance-associated protein (mrp) family may be expressed ...	2004	15178032
molecular phylogeny of congeneric monogenean parasites (dactylogyrus): a case of intrahost speciation.	dactylogyrus species (dactylogyridae: monogenea) are a group of monogenean gill parasites that are highly specific to freshwater fish of the family cyprinidae. dactylogyrus species were sampled from 19 cyprinids and one percid collected in europe. using partial 18s rdna and its1 sequences, a phylogeny of 51 dactylogyrus species was reconstructed to investigate the patterns of parasite speciation and diversification. three main dactylogyrus lineages were recognized from all phylogenetic trees, th ...	2004	15212381
msap, the meichroacidin homolog of carp (cyprinus carpio), differs from the rodent counterpart in germline expression and involves flagellar differentiation.	to gain access to the molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis, the genes from a subtractive screen of the carp testis cdna library were investigated. in this study, a male-specific homolog of the meichroacidin gene, called msap (morn motif-containing sperm-specific axonemal protein), was isolated and further characterized. database search and zoo-western blot analyses revealed that msap homologs might be widespread in a variety of phyla but divergent in their c-terminal length and sequences. car ...	2004	15215198
apolipoproteins a-i and a-ii are potentially important effectors of innate immunity in the teleost fish cyprinus carpio.	we have previously shown that high density lipoprotein is the most abundant protein in the carp plasma and displays bactericidal activity in vitro. therefore the aim of this study was to analyze the contribution of its principal apolipoproteins, apoa-i and apoa-ii, in defense. both apolipoproteins were isolated by a two step procedure involving affinity and gel filtration chromatography and were shown to display bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic activity in the micromolar range against gram-pos ...	2004	15233794
temperature acclimation modifies na+ current in fish cardiac myocytes.	the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that temperature acclimation modifies sarcolemmal na+ current (ina) of the fish cardiac myocytes differently depending on the animal's lifestyle in the cold. two eurythermal fish species with different physiological strategies for surviving in the cold, a cold-dormant crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) and a cold-active rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), were used in acclimation experiments. the ina of carp and trout were also compared w ...	2004	15235011
molecular cloning and expression of preproadrenomedullin gene from common carp cyprinus carpio l.	a preproadrenomedullin (preproam) gene was isolated from common carp cyprinus carpio l. by pcr mediated homology cloning. the isolated gene was composed of 516bp, which translated to a protein having 171 amino acid residues. the signal peptide was composed of 23 amino acid residues and predicted adrenomedullin (am) was conserved in this sequence and made up of 49 amino acid residues. am gene from carp shared identities of 64.0, 44.2, and 46.0% to takifugu (am-1), human, and rat am orthologues, r ...	2004	15242754
a 1-mb critical region in six patients with 9q34.3 terminal deletion syndrome.	patients with 9q34.3 terminal deletion usually show a clinically recognizable phenotype characterized by specific facial features (microcephaly, flat face, arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, short nose, anteverted nostrils, carp mouth and protruding tongue) in combination with severe mental retardation, hypotonia, and other anomalies. we analyzed six unrelated patients with a various 9q34.3 terminal deletion. while having different-sized 9q34.3 deletions, all of these patients shared several distin ...	2004	15258833
the effect of various aeromonas bestiarum vaccines on non-specific immune parameters and protection of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	aeromonas bestiarum is one of the causal agents of motile aeromonad infection/motile aeromonad septicemia (mai/mas) in fish. infections of the bacterium is an increasing problem in commercial carp (cyprinus carpio l.) farmed in poland. non-specific immune response of the fish, vaccinated with oil-emulsified experimental vaccines containing formalin killed whole cells (wcs), formalin killed whole culture (wct) or crude lps (50 or 1250 microg per fish) were studied on days 7 and 30 after vaccinati ...	2004	15123310
a complement c3 fragment equivalent to mammalian c3d from the common carp (cyprinus carpio): generation in serum after activation of the alternative pathway and detection of its receptor on the lymphocyte surface.	a terminal degradation product (c3d) of mammalian complement component c3 plays an important role in modulation of the adaptive immune response through the interaction with complement receptor type 2 (cr2) on b cells. the present study is aimed at determining whether this is a functional bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems in bony fish. the fragmentation of the complement component c3 in carp (cyprinus carpio) serum, activated with zymosan, was analysed to ascertain if carp c3 ...	2004	15123318
maternal nutrient restriction alters gene expression in the ovine fetal heart.	adequate maternal nutrient supply is critical for normal fetal organogenesis. we previously demonstrated that a global 50% nutrient restriction during the first half of gestation causes compensatory growth of both the left and right ventricles of the fetal heart by day 78 of gestation. thus, it was hypothesized that maternal nutrient restriction significantly altered gene expression in the fetal cardiac left ventricle (lv). pregnant ewes were randomly grouped into control (100% national research ...	2004	15133065
the ankrd2 protein, a link between the sarcomere and the nucleus in skeletal muscle.	ankrd2 may be a link between the sarcomere and the nucleus; a similar role has recently been proposed for carp that has a high level of structural and functional conservation with ankrd2. both ankrd2 and carp are involved in striated muscle hypertrophy. the mechanism by which muscle stretch is sensed and signals are transduced is still unknown; however, ankrd2 and carp could play similar roles in pathways leading to hypertrophy, the triggering mechanisms being heart pressure overload monitored b ...	2004	15136035
induction and myofibrillar targeting of carp, and suppression of the nkx2.5 pathway in the mdm mouse with impaired titin-based signaling.	muscular dystrophy with myositis (mdm) is a recessive mouse mutation that is caused by a small deletion in the giant elastic muscle protein titin. homozygous mdm/mdm mice develop a progressive muscular dystrophy, leading to death at approximately 2 months of age. we surveyed the transcriptomes of skeletal muscles from 24 day old homozygous mdm/mdm and +/+ wild-type mice, an age when mdm animals have normal passive and active tensions and sarcomeric structure. of the 12488 genes surveyed (u74 aff ...	2004	14741210
isolation and characterization of a rhabdovirus from starry flounder (platichthys stellatus) collected from the northern portion of puget sound, washington, usa.	the initial characterization of a rhabdovirus isolated from a single, asymptomatic starry flounder (platichthys stellatus) collected during a viral survey of marine fishes from the northern portion of puget sound, washington, usa, is reported. virions were bullet-shaped and approximately 100 nm long and 50 nm wide, contained a lipid envelope, remained stable for at least 14 days at temperatures ranging from -80 to 5 degrees c and grew optimally at 15 degrees c in cultures of epithelioma papulosu ...	2004	14769907
the immunosuppressive effect of alpha-permethrin on indian major carp, rohu (labeo rohita ham.).	the immunosuppressive effects of bath exposure to a sub lethal concentration of the synthetic pyrethroid alpha-permethrin (3.05 x 10(-4) mg l(-1)) in the indian major carp, labeo rohita was studied after 45 days' exposure. in some groups, the effects of alpha-permethrin on non-specific defences and serum enzymes of carp were investigated after challenge with aeromonas hydrophila. several nonspecific immune responses and serum enzymes were reduced after exposure of alpha-permethrin. bactericidal ...	2004	14675832
assessment of bioavailable pah, pcb and ocp concentrations in water, using semipermeable membrane devices (spmds), sediments and caged carp.	bioavailable water concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and organochlorine pesticides (ocps) were assessed at several freshwater sites in and around the city of amsterdam. carp (cyprinus carpio) were caged for 4 weeks at 10 sites, together with semipermeable membrane devices (spmds). in addition, sediment samples were taken at each site. spmds and sediments were analysed for pahs, pcbs and ocps. carp muscle tissues were analysed for pcbs and ...	2004	14675846
dynamics of microcystins-lr and -rr in the phytoplanktivorous silver carp in a sub-chronic toxicity experiment.	a sub-chronic toxicity experiment was conducted to examine tissue distribution and depuration of two microcystins (microcystin-lr and microcystin -rr) in the phytoplanktivorous filter-feeding silver carp during a course of 80 days. two large tanks (a, b) were used, and in tank a, the fish were fed naturally with fresh microcystis viridis cells (collected from a eutrophic pond) throughout the experiment, while in tank b, the food of the fish were m. viridis cells for the first 40 days and then ch ...	2004	14638304
surface carbohydrates of eudiplozoon nipponicum pre- and post-fusion.	the development of the monogenean diplozoon (nordmann, 1832) (diplozoidae) necessitates fusion of two larval stages (diporpae) into one double organism. how diporpae find, distinguish and contact each other is unclear, nor is the nature of the stimuli responsible for the dedifferentiation of cells and the formation of new tissues at the site of somatic fusion. previous studies have implied a role for carbohydrates and glycoproteins in the interactions between helminth parasites and their hosts. ...	2004	14972039
a type iii secretion system is required for aeromonas hydrophila ah-1 pathogenesis.	aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in fish and humans. many bacterial pathogens of animals and plants have been shown to inject anti-host virulence determinants into the hosts via a type iii secretion system (ttss). degenerate primers based on lcrd family genes that are present in every known ttss allowed us to locate the ttss gene cluster in a. hydrophila ah-1. a series of genome walking steps helped in the identification of 25 open reading frames that encode protein ...	2004	14977925
left-right asymmetric ventricular expression of carp in the piglet heart: regional response to experimental heart failure.	cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp), whose expression is down-regulated in response to doxorubicin (dox) in vitro, has been proposed to be a marker of experimentally-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rodent models. in piglets, the rapid hypertrophy rate of the left ventricle (lv) as compared to that of the right ventricle (rv) represents a natural model of asymmetric ventricular enlargement. we tested whether carp expression correlates with postnatal ventricular hypertrophy and to what extent car ...	2004	14984723
copper and zinc in four freshwater fish species from lake pamvotis (greece).	lake ecosystems are vulnerable to heavy-metal pollution. fish samples are considered as one of the most indicative factors, in freshwater systems, for the estimation of trace metals pollution potential. lake pamvotis (nw greece) is a typical mediterranean ecosystem of great importance in regard to biodiversity and to aesthetic value. the fish species found most commonly in the lake are cyprinus carpio, silurus aristotelis, rutilus ylikiensis, and carassius gibelio. the aim of the present study i ...	2004	14987866
positive selection on multiple antique allelic lineages of transferrin in the polyploid carassius auratus.	transferrin polymorphism has been studied in the polyploid carassius auratus by cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas from its three subspecies c. auratus gibelio, c. auratus auratus, and c. auratus cuvieri. dna polymorphism of extremely high extent was shown for the transferrin gene by the 248 segregation sites among coding region sequences of its alleles. the deduced amino acid sequences of the transferrin alleles showed variable theoretical physicochemical parameters, which might constitute ...	2004	15014154
isolation, characterization, and cdna sequencing of alpha-1-antiproteinase-like protein from rainbow trout seminal plasma.	seminal plasma of teleost fish contains serine proteinase inhibitors related to those present in blood. these inhibitors can be bound to q-sepharose and sequentially eluted with a nacl gradient. in the present study, using a two-step procedure, we purified (73-fold to homogeneity) and characterized the inhibitor eluted as the second fraction of antitrypsin activity (inhibitor ii) from q-sepharose. the molecular weight of this inhibitor was estimated to be 56 kda with an isoelectric point of 5.4. ...	2004	15026150
9q34.3 deletion syndrome in three unrelated children.	we described three unrelated children with cryptic 9q34.3 rearrangements and similar clinical manifestations: two with 9q34.3 terminal deletions and the other with an unbalanced translocation involving 9q34.3-qter monosomy and 6p25-pter trisomy. common features among the three we studied and the other six patients with 9q34.3 deletions in the literature include microcephaly, mental retardation (mr), hypotonic, and epileptic seizures. their facial characteristics included flat face, arched eyebro ...	2004	15054842
lead and copper levels in muscle meat of crucian carp (carassius carassius, l. 1758) from yarseli dam lake, turkey.		2004	15058665
suppression of caspase-8- and -10-associated ring proteins results in sensitization to death ligands and inhibition of tumor cell growth.	the destruction of cellular targets during apoptosis is carried out by caspases, which are negatively regulated by the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (iap); however, death effector domain (ded) caspases of the extrinsic pathway are refractory to the iap family. we have isolated a family of apoptotic inhibitors [caspases-8- and -10-associated ring proteins (carps)] that bind to and negatively regulate ded caspases. when overexpressed, carps, via an iap-like ring domain, can contribute to the ubi ...	2004	15069192
fish population size, and not density, as the determining factor of parasite infection: a case study.	the diversity and abundance of parasites vary widely among populations of the same host species. these infection parameters are, to some extent, determined by characteristics of the host population or of its habitat. recent studies have supported predictions derived from epidemiological models regarding the influence of host population density: parasite abundance and parasite species richness are expected to increase with increasing host population density, at least for directly transmitted para ...	2004	15074879
first evidence of endocrine disruption in feral carp from the ebro river.	feral carps (cyprinus carpio) were collected in spring 2001 from five sites along the lower course of ebro river (spain) with the aim of investigating the existence of endocrine-disrupting effects. several findings (low gonadosomatic index (gsi), plasmatic vitellogenin (vtg), depressed levels of testosterone, and histological alterations in gonads) detected in male carps downstream of zaragoza's sewage treatment plant (stp) strongly suggest that the concentration of sewage effluent in the area i ...	2004	15081271
toxic and sub-lethal effects of oleandrin on biochemical parameters of fresh water air breathing murrel, channa punctatus (bloch.).	active compound oleandrin extracted from nerium indicum (lal kaner) leaf has potent piscicidal activity. the piscicidal activity of oleandrin on freshwater fish c. punctatus was both time and dose dependent. exposure to sub-lethal doses of oleandrin for 24hr and 96hr to fish caused significant alteration in the level of total protein, total free amino acid, nucleic acid, glycogen, pyruvate, lactate and enzyme protease, phosphatases, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and acetyl ...	2004	15088692
expression in escherchia coli and purification of sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) interleukin 1beta, a possible immunoadjuvant in aquaculture.	interleukin 1beta (il-1beta) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses. our group has recently cloned il-1beta from sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax), one of the main mediterranean aquacultured fish species. the cdna is 1292 bp and codes for a deduced peptide of 29.4 kda with a pi of 5.1. as for trout and carp il-1beta precursor sequence, no candidate cut site for ice (il-1beta converting enzyme) enzyme was apparent in the alignments of sea bass il-1beta wi ...	2004	14612985
identification and expression analysis of two ifn-inducible genes in crucian carp (carassius auratus l.).	interferon (ifn) exerts its antiviral effects mainly through activation of a subset of ifn-stimulated genes (isg), but relatively few of fish isgs have been isolated and characterized so far. here, we report two fish isgs, termed caifi58 and caifi56, cloned from a subtractive cdna library constructed with mrnas obtained from crucian carp (carassius auratus l.) blastulae embryonic (cab) cells infected by uv-inactivated gchv and mock-infected cells. database search revealed that both isgs had a hi ...	2004	14697509
melatonin accelerates maturation inducing hormone (mih): induced oocyte maturation in carps.	the present communication is an attempt to demonstrate the influence of melatonin on the action of maturation inducing hormone (mih) on the maturation of oocytes in carps. the oocytes from gravid female major carp labeo rohita were isolated and incubated separately in medium 199 containing (a) only mih (1 microg/ml), (b) only melatonin (at concentrations of 50, 100 or 500 pg/ml), and (c) both melatonin and mih, but at different time intervals. in the latter group, melatonin was added to the incu ...	2004	15639142
immunoanalysis of antiviral mx protein expression in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) cells.	mx proteins are interferon-inducible gtpases that possess antiviral properties in vertebrates. japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) mx protein has previously been shown to possess some antiviral activity against rhabdoviruses. a polyclonal antibody was generated against a purified peptide fragment of japanese flounder mx protein that had been produced in an escherichia coli expression system. the pab detected the approximately 71 kda mx protein from japanese flounder (hirame) natural embry ...	2004	15707665
cdna cloning, sequence analysis and expression of 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible cytochrome p450 1b1 in carp (cyprinus carpio).	cytochrome p450 (cyp) genes, which make up a large gene superfamily, are known to play an important role in drug metabolism. the levels of expression of cyp genes in the tissue of fish inhabiting polluted areas have been used extensively in biomonitoring studies as indicators of dioxin pollution. complementary dna of cytochrome cyp1b1 was isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) liver 24 h after the injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc). the full length cdna obtained contained a 5' noncoding regi ...	2004	15746899
lessons from trail-resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer cells: paving the road to patient-tailored therapy.	colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. intrinsic, as well as acquired, resistance to chemotherapy remains a major problem in the treatment of this disease. it is, therefore, of great importance to develop new, patient-tailored, treatment strategies for colorectal cancer patients. tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) acts through the pro-apoptotic dr4 and dr5 receptors in tumor cells without harming normal cells and will soon ...	2004	15790545
plasma vitellogenin levels and gonadal morphology of wild carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in a receiving rivers downstream of sewage treatment plants.	a field study was carried out in order to assess, in a wild cyprinid fish, the biological effects related to the exposure to estrogenic compounds. the gonadosomic index (gsi), plasma vitellogenin (vtg) level and histological observations of gonads were performed to evaluate the reproductive health in common carp (cyprinus carpio) from three rivers receiving sewage treatment plant (stp) effluents (guadarrama, henares and jarama rivers, spain) and from a reference site (lozoya river). no significa ...	2004	15833242
gill lesions in the major carp, labeo rohita exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of tannery effluent.	the major carp, labeo rohita were exposed to (0.873%) lethal and sublethal (0.073%) concentrations of tannery effluent for 24h and 40 days respectively under static bioassay condition. the surface architecture of gill revealed severe damages such as : fusion and clumping in the middle and distal parts of the primary lamellae, swelling and deterioration of the cells. the interlamellar space was filled either with hyperplastic epithelial or mucous cells. secondary lamellae lost their identity and ...	2004	15847345
isolation of cdna of novel cytochrome p450 1b gene, cyp1b2, from carp (cyprinus carpio) and its induced expression in gills.	cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzymes constitute a multigene family of many endogenous and xenobiotic substances. the cyp1 family is of particular interest in environmental toxicology because its members are dominant in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and aryl amines. a new complementary dna of the cyp1b subfamily encoding cyp1b2 was isolated from carp liver after intraperitoneal injection with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc). the obtained full-le ...	2004	15750580
[parasitofauna of the silver crucian (carassius auratus gibelio bloch, 1783) catched in the carp ponds of the leczyn-włodawa lake district].		2004	524892
the effect of digested sludge on the common carp, cyprinus carpio l.	the effects of sewage sludge on the survival of the common carp, cyprinus carpio, were investigated. it was noted that, when the concentrations of the sludge used for rearing carp exceeded 0.6%, the fish died within 42 days, whereas those reared in 0.2% sludge remained alive and healthy during the trial period. the body and the gills of the dead fish were covered by a veil-like film which looked like coagulated mucus and was formed by the heavy metal ions from the sludge reacting with some const ...	2004	419924
piscicidal and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of euphorbia royleana stem bark extracts against freshwater common predatory fish channa punctatus.	the present paper deals with the piscicidal activity of different solvent extracts of euphorbia royleana stem bark against freshwater predatory fish channa punctatus, which is commonly present in shrimp and carp culture ponds. the rank of order of toxicity of different solvent extract was: diethyl ether (lc(50) (96h) 31.76mg dw/l) > chloroform (lc(50) (96h) 56.26mg dw/l) > methanol (lc(50) (96h) 56.80mg dw/l) > acetone (lc(50) (96h) 65.77mg dw/l). there was a significant (p < 0.05) negative corr ...	2004	21782734
[contamination source identification study of organochlorines pesticides in 2000 chinese total diet study].	the third chinese total diet study to estimate dietary intake of contaminants was carried out in 2000. the levels of hch and ddt residues were less significant in most of foodstuffs, but the level of hch residues of aquatic foods in south 2 and in north 1 is respectively 75.99microg/kg and 170.72microg/kg, and the ratio of gamma-hch is 90% of the total hchs residues. to identify the contamination source of gamma-hch, the individual province composite samples and the individual samples of aquatic ...	2004	15461282
effects of natural and synthetic estrogens and various environmental contaminants on vitellogenesis in fish primary hepatocytes: comparison of bream (abramis brama) and carp (cyprinus carpio).	interaction of environmental estrogens with the estrogen receptor (er) has been shown in various fish species. our objective was to compare the sensitivity of bream (abramis brama) to (xeno-)estrogens with that of the carp (cyprinus carpio), by measuring the effects of 17beta-estradiol (e2), estrone (e1), ethynylestradiol (ee2), bisphenol a (bpa), nonylphenol (np), methoxychlor (mxcl), and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (hahs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb126, pcb118), 2,3,7,8-tetrac ...	2004	15159526
effect of dietary supplementation of fatty acids and vitamins on the breeding performance of the carp catla catla.	five isonitrogenous diets (approximately 33% crude protein) were fed to the brood female carp, catla catla (weighing 3.0 to 5.5 kg), for a period of 93 days in order to observe their breeding performance in earthen ponds. diet-i (control) contained only basic ingredients like rice bran, ground-nut oil cake, roasted soybean meal, fish meal and mineral mixture; diet-ii contained added vitamins; diet-iii contained added vitamins and vegetable oil (rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, pufa); die ...	2004	11789892
chemiluminescence sequential injection immunoassay for vitellogenin using magnetic microbeads.	a rapid and sensitive immunoassay for the determination of carp vitellogenin (vg) is described. the method involves a sequential injection analysis (sia) system equipped with a chemiluminescence detector and a samarium-cobalt magnet. an anti-vg monoclonal antibody, immobilized on magnetic beads, was used as a solid support for the immunoassay. the introduction, trapping and release of the magnetic beads in the flow cell were controlled by a samarium-cobalt magnet and the flow of the carrier solu ...	2004	18969724
the application of image cytometry to viability assessment in dual fluorescence-stained fish spermatozoa.	the viability of spermatozoa has been assessed using sybr 14 staining for dna of living cells and propidium iodide staining for dna of degenerate cells. this dual staining was performed on four fish species (siberian sturgeon, acipenser baerii; common carp, cyprinus carpio; tench, tinca tinca and wels, silurus glanis) and the proportions of live and dead spermatozoa were assessed by epifluorescence microscopy and image cytometry. ten phase contrast and epifluorescent images were recorded per sam ...	2004	15566965
development of quantitative vitellogenin-elisas for fish test species used in endocrine disruptor screening.	the yolk protein precursor vitellogenin (vtg) in plasma has proved to be a simple and sensitive biomarker for assessing exposure of fish to environmental estrogens. within international bodies such as the organization for economic cooperation and development (oecd) work is ongoing to develop screening and testing programmes for endocrine disrupting effects of new chemicals, and in the focus of this development are the fish test species common carp (cyprinus carpio), fathead minnow (pimephales pr ...	2004	14551668
isolation and characterisation of pentraxin-like serum proteins from the common carp cyprinus carpio.	there is increasing economic and ecological interest in the development of assays for the early detection of infection, disease activity and environmental stress in marine and freshwater animals. in humans the serum pentraxin c-reactive protein (crp) is universally used as a clinical indicator of inflammation and underlying infection. as a first step towards assessing the potential of an immunoassay for crp in fish, we have isolated and characterised common carp cyprinus carpio crp and a highly ...	2004	12969797
use of vitellogenin mrna as a biomarker for endocrine disruption in feral and cultured fish.	the presence of the female-specific yolk protein precursor vitellogenin in blood and liver from male fish is widely used as an indicator of endocrine disruption. we studied the induction of vitellogenin mrna in liver from several species of fish, both maintained in fish tanks or captured in the wild. our procedure requires minute amounts of liver samples (down to 50 mg), and can be applied to field samples if the appropriate rna-stabilisation agent is used. we used reverse-transcriptase pcr and ...	2004	14618290
feeding level and individual metabolic rate affect delta 13c and delta 15n values in carp: implications for food web studies.	stable isotope analyses are often used to calculate relative contributions of multiple food sources in an animal's diet. one prerequisite for a precise calculation is the determination of the diet-tissue fractionation factor. isotopic ratios in animals are not only affected by the composition of the diet, but also by the amount of food consumed. previous findings regarding the latter point are controversial. as stable isotope analyses have often been used to investigate aquatic food webs, an exp ...	2004	14608500
one-step, non-denaturing purification method of carp (cyprinus carpio) vitellogenin.	a new single-step purification procedure was developed to purify carp (cyprinus carpio) vitellogenin (vtg), from estradiol-treated carp plasma. this method was performed by high performance liquid weak anion-exchange chromatography, using a discontinuous elution gradient of nacl (0-0.5 m, steps of 12.5 mm/4 min). sds and native-page analysis, of treated-fish plasma and purified solution, showed the appearance of a 370 kda phospholipoprotein, composed of two 130 kda monomers, with all vtg charact ...	2004	14659439
first ovarian maturity and recovery response in common carp, cyprinus carpio after exposure to carbofuran.	the present study embodies the observations on duration (45, 75 and 105 days) dependent effects of toxicologically low concentration (16 ppm) of a carbamate pesticide, carbofuran, on first ovarian maturity with correlative recovery response by withdrawal of treatment for 30 days in virgin yearlings of common carp, cyprinus carpio var. communis. in control fish histological organization of ovary and changes in gonado-somatic index (gsi) revealed the initiation of oocyte differentiation and develo ...	2004	15847330
effects of endocrine disrupters on sex steroid synthesis and metabolism pathways in fish.	the interactions of estrogenic (nonylphenol, dicofol, atrazine), androgenic (organotins, phthalates, fenarimol) and anti-androgenic compounds (vinclozolin, diuron, p,p'-dde) with key enzymatic activities involved in both synthesis and metabolism of sex hormones was investigated. carp testicular microsomes incubated in the presence of androstenedione and different xenobiotics evidenced higher sensitivity of 5alpha-reductase activity than 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity towards those ...	2004	15698553
partial oxidative-stress perturbs membrane permeability and fluidity of fish nucleated red blood cells.	we investigated the influence of partial oxidative stress on permeability and fluidity of nucleated fish red blood cells for simulating nucleated somatic cells. peroxide value indicating lipid hydroperoxide level in nucleated red blood cells of common carp (cyprinus carpio) increased with increasing body size. we detected that oxidation of nucleated red blood cells led to the degraded pufa compositions and accelerated the permeability of calcein and atp in the nucleated red blood cells restricte ...	2004	15683836
inhibition of whole body ca2+ uptake in fresh water teleosts, channa punctatus and cyprinus carpio in response to salmon calcitonin.	in many fish, ultimobranchial-derived calcitonin (ct) has been shown to be a potent hypocalcemic regulator. but an equal number of studies failed to show any correlation between ct and plasma calcium levels. again, in fish, where ct has been shown to function as a hypocalcemic hormone, the way this is brought about is not well known. while the regulatory role of many hormones e.g., stanniocalcin, pituitary-derived prolactin and cortisol on gill calcium (ca2+) transport (gcat) has been well estab ...	2004	15673109
genetic variability and relationships in mitochondrial dna co ii gene sequence of red common carps in china.	nucleotide sequence of cytochrome coxidase subunit ii (co ii) of mitochondrial dna ( mtdna) was analyzed from four populations of the red common carp (c. c. var. singuonensis, c. c. var. wananensis, c. c. var. wuyuanensis and c. c. var. color) as well as one population of wild common carp in china to detect their genetic variability and phylogenetic relationship. nineteen nucleotide variable positions were detected in analyzed 607 bp length sequence and 15 haplotypes were defined among five popu ...	2004	15651674
effect of hexavalent carcinogenic chromium on carp cyprinus carpio immune cells.	chromium is widely used in industrial processes, and is released into aquatic environments by electroplating, tannery and textile industries. fishes in natural waters or in aquaculture facilities supplied with these waters are exposed to chromium waste and are presumed to be affected by deposits. herein, we examine the effect of hexavalent chromium on carp cyprinus carpio derived immune cells. in vitro exposure of carp leukocytes to hexavalent chromium induced cytotoxicity, decreased mitogen-ind ...	2004	15648842
role of ca2+ store in ampa-triggered ca2+ dynamics in retinal horizontal cells.	fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging was applied to measure [ca(2+)](i) in freshly dissociated horizontal cells of carp retina, and a model containing endoplasmic reticulum (er) membrane processes and plasma membrane processes was constructed for quantitative analyses of the ampa-triggered calcium dynamics. a transient increase followed by a sustained steady level of [ca(2+)](i) was observed when 100 microm ampa was applied, while the initial transient increase of [ca(2+)](i) was suppressed by exo ...	2004	15640746
[the analysis of genetic variability of mtdna 12s rrna genes in the allotetraploid, triploid crucian carp and their parents].	the complete 12s rrna genes from the five f11 allotetraploids, two diploid gynogens, two triploid crucian carps, one red crucian carp, one xiangjiang common carp, and one japanese crucian carp were successfully cloned and sequenced. sequence compositions and variations were analyzed with mega 1.0 software. five f11 allotetraploids shared two haplotypes, and two diploid gynogens, two triploid crucian carps, one red crucian carp, one xiangjiang common carp, one japanese crucian carp shared one hap ...	2004	15640120
concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, selenium, and zinc in fish from the mississippi river basin, 1995.	fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 national contaminant biomonitoring program (ncbp) stations and 12 national water quality assessment program (nawqa) stations in the mississippi river basin (mrb), and in late 1996 from a reference site in west virginia. the ncbp sites represented key points (dams, tributaries, etc.) in the largest rivers of the mrb. the nawqa sites were typically on smaller rivers and were selected to represent dominant land uses in their watersheds. the west virginia sit ...	2004	15887377
3-methylcholanthrene induces lymphocyte and phagocyte apoptosis in common carp (cyprinus carpio l) in vitro.	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) are an important class of environmental pollutant that are known to be carcinogenic and immunotoxic. in mammals it was suggested that pah compromise the immune system in part through the induction of programed cell death (apoptosis). in fish, no study has reported the importance of this physiological process in pah-induced immunotoxicity. we have therefore investigated the capacity of 3-methylcholanthrene to induce lymphocyte and phagocyte apoptosis in carp ...	2004	15129772
anoxia tolerant brains.	while medical science has struggled to find ways to counteract anoxic brain damage with limited success, evolution has repeatedly solved this problem. the best-studied examples of anoxia-tolerant vertebrates are the crucian carp and some north american freshwater turtles. these can survive anoxia for days to months, depending of temperature. both animals successfully fight any major fall in brain atp levels, but the strategies they use to accomplish this are quite divergent. the anoxic turtle su ...	2004	15129179
influences of traditional chinese medicine on non-specific immunity of jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).	the influence of traditional chinese medicine (tcm) formulation from astragalus root (radix astragalin seu hedysari) and chinese angelica root (r. angelicae sinensis) at a ratio of 5:1 (w/w) on non-specific immunity of jian carp, cyprinus carpio var. jian was investigated. the number of nbt-positive cells in the blood and lysozyme and complement activities in the serum of carp fed with commercial feed supplemented with 1.0% (diet 1) and 1.5% (diet 2) tcm at 10 day of post-feeding were not differ ...	2004	15123322
calcein am release-based cytotoxic cell assay for fish leucocytes.	a non-specific cytotoxic cell assay for fish is presented that is based on the release of the activated fluorochrome calcein am from lysed carp epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells. to establish the suitability of treating epc cells with calcein am the uptake and spontaneous release of the calcein am by the epc cells was evaluated. incubation of 5 microm calcein am in culture medium with 1x10(5)epc cells well(-1)for a minimum of 3 h provided sufficient labelling. spontaneous release of fluo ...	2004	15123317
analysis of gangliosides from carp intestinal mucosa.	the gangliosides of carp intestinal mucosa were isolated and analysed by thin-layer chromatography (tlc), tlc immunostaining test, and tlc/secondary ion mass spectrometry (tlc/sims). four species of gangliosides, designated as g-1, g-2, g-3 and g-4, were separated on tlc. the tlc/sims analysis of the g-1 ganglioside of carp intestinal mucosa revealed a series of [m-h](-)ions from m/z 1061 to m/z 1131 representing the molecular mass range of gm4-like ganglioside with neuac. g-2, g-3 and g-4 gangl ...	2004	15123316
characterisation of a fourth immunoglobulin light chain isotype in the common carp.	three isotypes of immunoglobulin (ig) light (l) chain, designated l1a, l1b, and l3, have been characterised in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to date. in this paper the molecular cloning of a fourth igl isotype in carp, designated l2, is described. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method including 5'- and 3'-race was used to isolate carp l2 cdna clones. the vl sequences could be divided into two distinct vl families, designated vl2-1 and vl2-2, most similar to rai ...	2004	15123304
occurrence and pathology of sinergasilus lieni (copepoda: ergasilidae), a parasite of the silver carp and bighead, in hungarian ponds.	sinergasilus lieni yin, 1949, a well-known and pathogenic parasitic copepod in china and russia, has been detected in hungarian carp farms for the first time. the parasite infected the third-year generation of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (aristichthys nobilis). the gills of the infected fish specimens showed severe pathological changes. at the attachment sites of female copepods clubbing and fusing of the gill filaments were observed and in some parts of the pale or whi ...	2004	15119787
induction and binding of cd, cu, and zn to metallothionein in carp (cyprinus carpio) using hplc-icp-tofms.	the binding of cd, cu, and zn to metallothionein in carp was studied under control and acute cd exposure scenarios. carp were exposed to different cd concentrations for 96 h. total (cu, cd, zn)-mt levels were determined by the cadmium thiomolybdate saturation assay. total tissue and cytosolic cd, cu, and zn concentrations were determined by icp-ms. the cytosolic metal speciation was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (size-exclusion [se] in combination with anion exchange [ae]) di ...	2004	15103052
seasonal environmental changes modulate the prolactin receptor expression in an eurythermal fish.	eurythermal fish have evolved compensatory responses to the cyclical seasonal changes of the environment. the complex adaptive mechanisms include the transduction of the physical parameters variations into molecular signals. studies in carp have indicated that prolactin and growth hormone expression is associated with acclimatization, suggesting that the pituitary gland is a relevant physiological node in the generation of the homeostatic rearrangement that occurs in this adaptive process. here, ...	2004	15095402
humoral immune factors modulated by copper and chitosan in healthy or parasitised carp (cyprinus carpio l.) by ptychobothrium sp. (cestoda).	as an environmental protection point of view, the potential toxicity of chitosan on aquatic animal health, alone or associated with copper must be investigated. fish possess defence mechanisms to counteract the impact of toxics. the non-cellular and non-specific immune defences (total immunoglobulin, ceruloplasmin, lysozyme and potential killing activity of phagocytic cells) can be modulated by the potential environmental pollutants but also by natural stimulants such as bacteria, viruses or par ...	2004	15177950
levels of synthetic musk compounds in municipal wastewater for potential estimation of biota exposure in receiving waters.	we analyzed water samples from the confluence of three municipal sewage treatment effluent streams, surface water, and whole carp (cyprinus carpio) for synthetic musks for a period of 7-12 months. the lipid content of each fish was determined and compared with the concentration of musks in the whole fish tissue. enhanced methods were used for water sampling and musk extraction. the data presented here provide insight as to the relationship between concentrations of synthetic musks in the municip ...	2004	15173905
vitellogenin in rare minnow (gobiocypris rarus): identification and induction by waterborne diethylstilbestrol.	rare minnow (gobiocypris rarus) is a tiny chinese carp that has a short life cycle and is easily cultured in the laboratory. in this study, juvenile rare minnows were exposed to waterborne diethylstilbestrol (des) at 0.05, 0.5 and 5 microg/l in laboratory aquaria. after exposure for 4, 8, 13 and 21 days, juvenile fish were collected and vitellogenin (vtg) was measured in whole body homogenates. native and sds electrophoresis followed by western blotting were performed for vtg identification, and ...	2004	15171953
structural characterisation of a cyprinid (cyprinus carpio l.) crh, crh-bp and crh-r1, and the role of these proteins in the acute stress response.	we elucidated the structure of the principle factors regulating the initiation of the acute stress response in common carp: corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh), crh-receptor 1 (crh-r1) and crh-binding protein (crh-bp). phylogenetic analyses reveal that these proteins are evolutionarily well conserved in vertebrates. crh and crh-bp expression are not co-localised in the same hypothalamic perikarya. on the contrary, crh-bp expression is limited to the perimeter of the nucleus preopticus (npo), ...	2004	15171705
presence of multiple isoforms of tnf alpha in carp (cyprinus carpio l.): genomic and expression analysis.		2004	15145420
some polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) flame retardants with wide environmental distribution inhibit tcdd-induced erod activity in primary cultured carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes.	ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, a catalytic function of the cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) microsomal oxygenase subfamily, is a popular biomarker for exposure to xenobiotics, polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (phahs) in particular. it has found wide use in aquatic pollution assessment both in vivo and in vitro. in such studies, subjects are often exposed to complex mixtures where various constituents can interfere with erod-activity, possibly resulting in inadequate estimation of t ...	2004	15145223
purification and cloning of an endogenous protein inhibitor of carp nephrosin, an astacin metalloproteinase.	nephrosin is a newly discovered member of the astacin family. it is a secreted proteinase and is present in carp head kidney, kidney, and spleen, all of which are responsible for immune and hematopoietic functions in fish. a complex formed by nephrosin and its inhibitor was purified from carp kidney extract by heparin affinity column chromatography. the presence of the nephrosin-inhibitor complex in different tissues was examined by immunoblotting with polyclonal antisera against the purified ne ...	2004	14709555
purification and characterization of myofibril-bound serine protease from lizard fish (saurida undosquamis) muscle.	myofibril-bound serine protease (mbsp) from lizard fish (saurida undosquamis: synodontidae) skeletal muscle was purified to homogeneity with higher purification (1260-fold) and higher recovery (7%) than our previous report in lizard fish (saurida wanieso). the new purification method combines a heat-treatment for dissociation from washed myofibrils, acid-treatment at ph 5.0 before and after lyophilization, and alcohol-treatment, followed by two column chromatographies. the molecular mass of the ...	2004	14698920
molecular characterization of cathepsin l from hepatopancreas of the carp cyprinus carpio.	purified cathepsin l from carp, cyprinus carpio, consists of a 28 kda single-chain form that is different from the 24 and 5 kda mammalian two-chain form. we cloned cathepsin l from carp hepatopancreas. the sequence consisted of a 1490 bp cdna and a 1014 bp open reading frame, encoding a deduced protein of 337 amino acids that is likely processed to an active enzyme (single-chain form) with 222 amino acids. its similarity to other types of vertebrate cathepsin l is less than 69%. mammalian cathep ...	2004	14698917
cadmium, chromium, and copper induce polychromatocyte micronuclei in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).		2004	15058657
comparative responses of molluscs and fish to environmental estrogens and an estrogenic effluent.	it is now well established that there is a diverse array of chemical discharged into the environment that can mimic or antagonise the action of hormones. these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) can thus interact with physiological systems and cause alterations in development, growth and reproduction in wildlife that are exposed to them. as yet, however, there is little information on the relative sensitivities of different wild life groups to these chemicals and/or mixtures of them (e.g. est ...	2004	15046010
induction of apoptosis in a carp leucocyte cell line infected with turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) rhabdovirus.	a rhabdovirus was observed from the diseased turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) with lethal syndrome. in this study, a carp leucocyte (clc) cell line was used to investigate the infection process and cell death mechanism occurring during the virus infection. strong cytopathogenic effect (cpe) and the morphological changes, such as extreme chromatin condensation, nucleus fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation, were observed under fluorescence microscopy after dapi staining in the infected clc ...	2004	15041179
debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners bde 99 and bde 183 in the intestinal tract of the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) congener patterns in biota are often enriched in tetra-, penta-, and hexabrominated diphenyl ethers, which is believed to result from the use of the commercial "pentabde" formulation. however, our evidence suggests that debromination of pbdes occurs within fish tissues leading to appreciable accumulation of less brominated congeners. this suggests that pbde body burdens can reflect both direct uptake from exposure and debromination of more highly brominated c ...	2004	14998018
ampa receptor is involved in transmission of cone signal to on bipolar cells in carp retina.	the present work focuses on characterization of glutamate receptor subtypes mediating cone signal transmission to on bipolar cells (bcs) in the carp retina, using intracellular recording techniques. glutamate (5 mm) hyperpolarized cone-dominant on bcs, which was associated with a suppression of light responses, whereas co(2+) (1 mm) depolarized these cells and suppressed their light responses. on the other hand, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ampa) of 20 microm caused ...	2004	14988037
tissue-specific oxidative stress responses in fish exposed to 2,4-d and azinphosmethyl.	species- and tissue-specific defenses against the possibility of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were compared in adult fish, oreochromis niloticus and cyprinus carpio, exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), azinphosmethyl and their combination for 96 h. superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and catalase activities were monitored in kidney, brain and gill. in all exposure groups there was a marked increase in sod activity in gill tissues in both fish specie ...	2004	14984703
carp virus crisis prompts moves to avert global spread.		2004	14961087
common carp metallothionein-1 gene: cdna cloning, gene structure and expression studies.	metallothionein-1 (mt-1) cdna clones were isolated from a common carp (cyprinus carpio) uninduced hepatopancreas cdna library. northern blot assay using the common carp (cc) mt-1 cdna as a probe showed high fold induction of ccmt mrna levels in the intestine and kidney following exposure to cd2+ and zn2+. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), primers designed from the cdna sequences allowed the isolation of ccmt-1 gene fragments including the 5'-flanking region. the 600 bp 5'-flanking region of ...	2004	14746911
debromination of the flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ether by juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio) following dietary exposure.	the congener 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (bde 209) is the primary component in a commonly used flame retardant known as decabde. this flame retardant constitutes approximately 80% of the world market demand for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes). because this compound is very hydrophobic (log k(ow) approximately 10), it has been suggested that bde 209 has very low bioavailability, although debromination to more bioavailable metabolites has also been suggested to occur in ...	2004	14740725
comet assay and micronucleus test in circulating erythrocytes of cyprinus carpio specimens exposed in situ to lake waters treated with disinfectants for potabilization.	the detection of a possible genotoxic effect of surface water treated with disinfectants for potabilization is the aim of the present work. the comet assay and the micronucleus test were applied in circulating erythrocytes of cyprinus carpio. young specimens (20-30 g) were exposed in experimental basins, built within the potabilization plant of castiglione del lago (perugia, italy). in this plant the water of the trasimeno lake is treated and disinfected for potabilization before it is distribut ...	2004	14729366
designing of novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators.	carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) are wide spread enzymes, present in mammals in at least 14 different isoforms: some of these isozymes are cytosolic (ca i, ca ii, ca iii, ca vii), while others are membrane-bound (ca iv, ca ix, ca xii and ca xiv); ca v is mitochondrial, and ca vi is secreted in the saliva. three acatalytic forms are also known (carp viii, carp x and carp xi). several important physiological and physio-pathological functions are played by many ca isozymes, which are strongly ...	2004	15328829
stabilisation of scoliosis in two koi (cyprinus carpio).	two koi (cyprinus carpio) from the same pond developed similar lesions of scoliosis. radiographic examinations showed that their spines had become malaligned as a result of vertebral compression fractures involving t14 to t16. the vertebrae in both fish were stabilised with screws, k-wire and polymethylmethacrylate. they both appeared to improve after surgery, but they began to decline and died within three months. a postmortem examination revealed multi-organ inflammation that was not associate ...	2004	15328741
designing of novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators.	carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) are wide spread enzymes, present in mammals in at least 14 different isoforms: some of these isozymes are cytosolic (ca i, ca ii, ca iii, ca vii), while others are membrane-bound (ca iv, ca ix, ca xii and ca xiv); ca v is mitochondrial, and ca vi is secreted in the saliva. three acatalytic forms are also known (carp viii, carp x and carp xi). several important physiological and physio-pathological functions are played by many ca isozymes, which are strongly ...	2004	15320807
visible light affects chemiluminescence of carp (cyprinus carpio) blood leukocytes.	visible light irradiations at doses of 5 and 12 j/cm(2) were applied to carp buffy coat leukocytes.	2004	15315734