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determination of trace alkaline phosphatase by solid-substrate room-temperature phosphorimetry based on triticum vulgare lectin labeled with fullerenol.fullerenol (f) shows a strong and stable room-temperature phosphorescence (rtp) signal on the surface of nitrocellulose membrane (ncm) at lambda ex max/ lambda em max =542.0/709.4 nm. when modified by dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (dbs), fullerenol emits a stronger signal. it was also found that quantitative specific affinity-adsorption reaction can be carried out between triticum vulgare lectin (wga) labeled with dbs-f and alkaline phosphatase (alp) on the surface of ncm, and the prod ...200818421752
positive role of a wheat hvabi5 ortholog in abiotic stress response of seedlings.aba-responsive element binding protein (areb) and aba-responsive element binding factor (abf), members of the basic region/leucine zipper (bzip)-type protein family, act as major transcription factors in aba-responsive gene expression under abiotic stress conditions in arabidopsis. barley hvabi5 and rice transcription factor responsible for aba regulation 1 (trab1) are homologues of areb/abf and are expressed in drought- and aba-treated seedlings. however, no direct evidence has shown an associa ...200818433415
cereal cyst nematode resistance conferred by the cre7 gene from aegilops triuncialis and its relationship with cre genes from australian wheat cultivars.cereal cyst nematode (ccn; heterodera avenae woll.) is a root pathogen of cereal crops that can cause severe yield losses in wheat (triticum aestivum). differential host-nematode interactions occur in wheat cultivars carrying different ccn resistance (cre) genes. the objective of this study was to determine the ccn resistance conferred by the cre7 gene from aegilops triuncialis in a 42-chromosome introgression line and to assess the effects of the cre1, cre3, cre4, and cre8 genes present in aust ...200818438434
the wheat mitogen-activated protein kinases tampk3 and tampk6 are differentially regulated at multiple levels during compatible disease interactions with mycosphaerella graminicola.many race- or isolate-specific disease resistance responses of plants toward pathogens (incompatible interactions) invoke hypersensitive response (hr)-like programmed cell death (pcd) and the coordinated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases homologous with arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) atmpk6 and atmpk3 (or tobacco [nicotiana tabacum] sipk and wipk), respectively. resistance of wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola can als ...200818441220
effects of diet on population growth of psocids lepinotus reticulatus and liposcelis entomophila.we investigated the suitability of 11 diets as culture media for the psocids lepinotus reticulatus enderlein (psocoptera: trogiidae) and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae). the culture media comprised six diets made of plain cereals, namely, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), corn (zea mays l.), milo sorghum bicolor (l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.), and five artificial diets. we found that, with the exception of corn, l ...200818459431
differential y-chromosome anatolian influences on the greek and cretan neolithic.the earliest neolithic sites of europe are located in crete and mainland greece. a debate persists concerning whether these farmers originated in neighboring anatolia and the role of maritime colonization. to address these issues 171 samples were collected from areas near three known early neolithic settlements in greece together with 193 samples from crete. an analysis of y-chromosome haplogroups determined that the samples from the greek neolithic sites showed strong affinity to balkan data, w ...200818269686
drought tolerance through overexpression of monoubiquitin in transgenic tobacco.ubiquitin (ub) is present in all eukaryotic species examined. it is a multifunctional protein and one of its main known functions is to tag proteins for selective degradation by the 26s proteasome. in this study, ta-ub2, a cdna sequence containing a single ub repeat and a 3' non-coding region of a polyubiquitin gene, was isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). a pbi sense vector with ta-ub2 was constructed and transformed into tobacco ...200818280007
animal performance and economic comparison of novel and toxic endophyte tall fescues to cool-season annuals.increased costs of annual establishment of small grain pasture associated with fuel, machinery, and labor are eroding the profitability of stocker cattle enterprises. interest has therefore increased in development of cool-season perennial grasses that are persistent and high quality. this study occurred on 24 ha (divided into thirty 0.81-ha paddocks) located at the university of arkansas division of agriculture livestock and forestry branch station, near batesville. two tall fescue (festuca aru ...200818310498
transcriptome analysis of grain development in hexaploid wheat.hexaploid wheat is one of the most important cereal crops for human nutrition. molecular understanding of the biology of the developing grain will assist the improvement of yield and quality traits for different environments. high quality transcriptomics is a powerful method to increase this understanding.200818325108
development of abiotic stress tolerance via bzip-type transcription factor lip19 in common wheat.cereal lip19 genes encoding bzip-type transcription factors are assumed to play a regulatory role in gene expression during the cold acclimation process. however, no direct evidence shows an association of lip19-type bzips with stress tolerance or activation of stress-responsive cor/lea genes. to understand the molecular basis of development of abiotic stress tolerance through the lip19 transcription factor, a wheat lip19 homologue, wlip19, was isolated and characterized. wlip19 expression was a ...200818326864
biodegradation of direct red 5b, a textile dye by newly isolated comamonas sp. uvs.soil samples collected from the vicinity of "manpasand textile industry", located near ichalkaranji, india were studied for screening and isolation of bacterial strains capable of degradation of textile dyes. a potential strain was selected on the basis of rapid dye degradation and later identified as comamonas sp. uvs. comamonas sp. uvs showed 100% decolorization of direct red 5b (dr5b) dye at 40 degrees c and ph 6.5. the maximum direct red 5b concentration decolorized was 1,100 mg/l in nutrien ...200818329800
fertilizer-dependent efficiency of pseudomonads for improving growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).acquisition of nutrients by plants is primarily dependent on root growth and bioavailability of nutrients in the rooting medium. most of the beneficial bacteria enhance root growth, but their effectiveness could be influenced by the nutrient status around the roots. in this study, two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc)-deaminase containing plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr), pseudomonas fluorescens and p. fluorescens biotype f were tested for their effect on growth, yield, and nutr ...200818340443
purification, cloning and functional differences of a third fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-fehw3) from wheat (triticum aestivum).a third fructan exohydrolase isoform (1-fehw3) was purified from wheat stems by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, cona affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. homogeneity of the preparation was indicated by the presence of a single band (70 kda) after sds-page. the enzyme hydrolyzed mainly beta2-1 linkages in fructans and was inhibited by sucrose. a cdna could be obtained after reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-based strategies and screening of a cdna libr ...200818346083
the adult plant rust resistance loci lr34/yr18 and lr46/yr29 are important determinants of partial resistance to powdery mildew in bread wheat line saar.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a major disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that can be controlled by resistance breeding. the cimmyt bread wheat line saar is known for its good level of partial and race non-specific resistance, and the aim of this study was to map qtls for resistance to powdery mildew in a population of 113 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between saar and the susceptible line avocet. the population was tested over 2 years in field trials ...200818347772
molecular cloning and characterization of wheat calreticulin (crt) gene involved in drought-stressed responses.calreticulin (crt) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed ca(2+)-binding protein in multicellular eukaryotes. crt plays a crucial role in many cellular processes including ca(2+) storage and release, protein synthesis, and molecular chaperone activity. to elucidate the function of crts in plant responses against drought, a main abiotic stress limiting cereal crop production worldwide, a full-length cdna encoding calreticulin protein namely tacrt was isolated from wheat (triticum aestiv ...200818349049
characterizing the glycocalyx of poultry spermatozoa: ii. in vitro storage of turkey semen and mobility phenotype affects the carbohydrate component of sperm membrane glycoconjugates.the turkey sperm glycocalyx is known to contain residues of sialic acid, alpha-mannose/alpha-glucose, alpha- and beta-galactose, alpha-fucose, alpha- and beta-n-acetyl-galactosamine, monomers and dimers of n-acetyl-glucosamine, and n-acetyl-lactosamine. potential changes in these carbohydrates during in vitro semen storage at 4 degrees c were evaluated using males of both high- and low-sperm-mobility phenotypes. changes in carbohydrate residues were quantified by flow cytometry analysis using a ...200818359756
udp-xylose-stimulated glucuronyltransferase activity in wheat microsomal membranes: characterization and role in glucurono(arabino)xylan biosynthesis.microsomal membranes from etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings cooperatively incorporated xylose (xyl), arabinose, and glucuronic acid residues from their corresponding uridine 5'-diphosphosugars into an ethanol-insoluble glucurono(arabino)xylan (gax)-like product. a glucuronyltransferase activity that is enhanced by the presence of udp-xyl was also identified in these microsomes. wheat glucuronyltransferase activity was optimal at ph 7 and required manganese ions, and several lines of ...200818359844
lateral-flow colloidal gold-based immunoassay for the rapid detection of deoxynivalenol with two indicator ranges.a lateral-flow immunoassay using a colloidal gold-labelled monoclonal antibody was developed for the rapid detection of deoxynivalenol (don). different parameters, such as the amount of immunoreagents, type of the materials, composition of the blocking solution and of the detector reagent mixture, were investigated to provide the optimum assay performance. the experimental results demonstrated that such a visual test had an indicator range rather than a cut-off value. thus, tests for don determi ...200818482609
[inhibition of lipase activity by low-molecular-weight chitosan].inhibition of enzymatic activity of lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) from the fungus candida rugosa and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ by low-molecular-weight chitosan with an average molecular weight of 5.7 kda in reactions of p-nitrophenyl palmitate cleavage was studied. preincubation of lipases with chitosan, prior to addition of the substrate to solution, showed that equilibrium during the lipase-inhibitor complex formation was reached within 30 min. the inhibition constants for c. rugosa lipase and w ...200818491595
construction of multiform scfv antibodies using linker peptide.multiform single chain variable fragments (scfvs) including different length linker scfvs and bispecific scfv were constructed. the linker lengths of 0, 3, 5, 8, 12, and 15 amino acids between v(h) and v(l) of antideoxynivalenol (anti-don) scfv were used to analyze the affinities of scfvs. the affinity constants of these scfvs increased when the linker was lower than 12 amino acids. the affinity constant would not change when the linker was longer than 12 amino acids. fusion gene of anti-don scf ...200818499076
technical note: effects of tethering on herbage selection, intake and digestibility, grazing behavior, and energy expenditure by boer x spanish goats grazing high-quality herbage.twenty-four yearling boer x spanish goats were used in a crossover experiment to determine the effects of tethering on herbage selection, intake and digestibility, grazing behavior, and energy expenditure (ee) with high-quality herbage. four 0.72-ha paddocks of wheat (triticum aestivum) and berseem clover (trifolium alexandrium) were grazed in the spring. each paddock hosted 6 animals, 3 with free movement and 3 attached to a 3-m tether that was moved daily and provided access to an area of 28.3 ...200818245508
peanut gene expression profiling in developing seeds at different reproduction stages during aspergillus parasiticus infection.peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is an important crop economically and nutritionally, and is one of the most susceptible host crops to colonization of aspergillus parasiticus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. knowledge from molecular genetic studies could help to devise strategies in alleviating this problem; however, few peanut dna sequences are available in the public database. in order to understand the molecular basis of host resistance to aflatoxin contamination, a large-scale project was ...200818248674
future co2 concentrations, though not warmer temperatures, enhance wheat photosynthesis temperature responses.the temperature dependence of c3 photosynthesis is known to vary according to the growth environment. atmospheric co2 concentration and temperature are predicted to increase with climate change. to test whether long-term growth in elevated co2 and temperature modifies photosynthesis temperature response, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was grown in ambient co2 (370 micromol mol(-1)) and elevated co2 (700 micromol mol(-1)) combined with ambient temperatures and 4 degrees c warmer ones, using tempera ...200818251874
biodegradation of disperse textile dye brown 3rel by newly isolated bacillus sp. vus.to isolate the potential micro-organism for the degradation of textile disperse dye brown 3 rel and to find out the reaction mechanism.200818266699
senescence-induced ectopic expression of the a. tumefaciens ipt gene in wheat delays leaf senescence, increases cytokinin content, nitrate influx, and nitrate reductase activity, but does not affect grain yield.the manipulation of cytokinin levels by senescence-regulated expression of the agrobacterium tumefaciens ipt gene through its control by the arabidopsis sag12 (senescence-associated gene 12) promoter is an efficient tool for the prolongation of leaf photosynthetic activity which potentially can affect plant productivity. in the present study, the efficiency of this approach was tested on wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-a monocarpic plant characterized by a fast switch from vegetative to reproductiv ...200818267946
functional characterization of hfr1, a high-mannose n-glycan-specific wheat lectin induced by hessian fly larvae.we previously cloned and characterized a novel jacalin-like lectin gene from wheat (triticum aestivum) plants that responds to infestation by hessian fly (mayetiola destructor) larvae, a major dipteran pest of this crop. the infested resistant plants accumulated higher levels of hfr-1 (for hessian fly-responsive gene 1) transcripts compared with uninfested or susceptible plants. here, we characterize the soluble and active recombinant his(6)-hfr1 protein isolated from escherichia coli. functiona ...200818467454
genotoxicity of triasulfuron in the wing spot test of drosophila melanogaster is modulated by winter wheat seedlings.triasulfuron (ts) is a widely used sulfonylurea herbicide which inhibits the acetolactate synthase in broad-leaf weeds and in some wheat crop grasses (triticum aestivum l.). residues can be found in soil and superficial water with high toxicity to primary producers. in cereals, ts metabolism depends on cytochromes p450 (cyps), the age of seedlings and the interaction with compounds. the genotoxicity of ts was demonstrated in the wing spot test of drosophila melanogaster, an in vivo assay based o ...200818468945
different mechanisms of adaptation to cyclic water stress in two south australian bread wheat cultivars.in the south australian wheat belt, cyclic drought is a frequent event represented by intermittent periods of rainfall which can occur around anthesis and post-anthesis in wheat. three south australian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, excalibur, kukri, and rac875, were evaluated in one greenhouse and two growth-room experiments. in the first growth-room experiment, where plants were subjected to severe cyclic water-limiting conditions, rac875 and excalibur (drought-tolerant) showed ...200818703496
transcriptome analysis of the wheat-puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici interaction.stripe rust [caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici eriks. (pst)] is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. genetic resistance is the preferred method for control and the yr5 gene, originally identified in triticum spelta var. album, represents a major resistance (r) gene that confers all-stage resistance to all currently known races of pst in the united states. to identify transcripts associated with the yr5-mediated incompatible interaction and the yr5 ...200818705849
transcriptome analysis of high-temperature adult-plant resistance conditioned by yr39 during the wheat-puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici interaction.stripe rust [caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici eriks. (pst)] is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. high-temperature adult-plant (htap) resistance to stripe rust is race non-specific, inherited quantitatively and durable. previously, we identified and mapped the single yr39 htap stripe rust resistance gene in the spring wheat cultivar alpowa, which was identified on chromosome 7bl and accounted for 64.2% of the variation in resistance. to identif ...200818705862
a genetic map constructed using a doubled haploid population derived from two elite chinese common wheat varieties.genetic mapping provides a powerful tool for the analysis of quantitative trait loci (qtls) at the genomic level. herein, we report a new genetic linkage map developed from an f(1)-derived doubled haploid (dh) population of 168 lines, which was generated from the cross between two elite chinese common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties, huapei 3 and yumai 57. the map contained 305 loci, represented by 283 simple sequence repeat (ssr) and 22 expressed sequence tag (est)-ssr markers, which cov ...200818713343
reproductive allocation patterns in different density populations of spring wheat.the effects of increased intraspecific competition on size hierarchies (size inequality) and reproductive allocation were investigated in populations of the annual plant, spring wheat (triticum aestivum). a series of densities (100, 300, 1000, 3000 and 10,000 plants/m(2)) along a gradient of competition intensity were designed in this experiment. the results showed that average shoot biomass decreased with increased density. reproductive allocation was negatively correlated to gini coefficient ( ...200818713435
the contribution of distant hybridization with decaploid agropyron elongatum to wheat improvement in china.wheat is a staple food crop in the world as well as in china. because of the progress of wheat breeding and other agricultural scitechnologies, the wheat grain yield per unit area has increased more than five folds from 1952 to 2006 in china. the first part of this article briefly reviews the history of wheat breeding in china. second, the establishment of "triticum aestivum-agropyron" distant hybridization system and its contribution to wheat production and breeding in china are summarized. fin ...200818721781
specific interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria: as revealed by different combinations.the interactions between two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr, pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 and paenibacillus brasilensis pb177), two arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi (glomus mosseae and glomus intraradices) and one pathogenic fungus (microdochium nivale) were investigated on winter wheat (triticum aestivum cultivar tarso) in a greenhouse trial. pb177, but not sbw25, had strong inhibitory effects on m. nivale in dual culture plate assays. the results from the greenhouse experiment sh ...200818754788
characterization of the taaidfa gene encoding a crt/dre-binding factor responsive to drought, high-salt, and cold stress in wheat.dehydration responsive element-binding factors (dbfs) belong to the ap2/erf superfamily and play vital regulatory roles in abiotic stress responses in plants. in this study, we isolated three novel homologs of the dbf gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by screening a drought-induced cdna library and designated them as taaidfs (t. aestivum abiotic stress-induced dbfs). compared to taaidfb and taaidfc, taaidfa lacks a short ser/thr-rich region, a putative phosphorylation site, following t ...200818800227
pm23: a new allele of pm4 located on chromosome 2al in wheat.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the major diseases of common wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. the powdery mildew resistance gene pm23, identified in the common wheat line 81-7241 and originally assigned to wheat chromosome 5a, was relocated on chromosome 2al with the aid of molecular markers. mapping of microsatellite markers in two wheat crosses segregating for pm23 and pm4b, respectively, in combination with the reported mapping of pm4a, indicated that ...200818818899
colonization and nitrogenase activity of triticum aestivum (cv. baccross and mahdavi) to the dual inoculation with azospirillum brasilense and rhizobium meliloti plus 2,4-d.the potential enhancement of root colonization and nitrogenase activity of wheat cultivars (baccross and mahdavi) was studied with application of two azospirillum brasilense strains (native and sp7) co-inoculated with two rhizobium meliloti strains (native and dsmz 30135). the results indicated that the colonization was different due to the strains and cultivars of wheat were used. native a. brasilense colonized wheat root better than sp7 strain. however, baccross cv. reacted better with native ...200818819640
effects of tetrabromobisphenol a as an emerging pollutant on wheat (triticum aestivum) at biochemical levels.biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum) to the stress of tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) as an emerging pollutant were examined. the results indicated that reduction of the chlorophyll (chl) content in wheat leaves could be observed. however, the changes in the chl content with the increasing tbbpa concentration from 50 to 5000 mg kg(-1) were insignificant (p>0.05). increased malondialdehyde levels were detected in wheat leaves after both 7-d and 12-d exposures. the changes in the activ ...200818835007
[induction, regeneration, and biolistic sensitivity of different genotypes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].the induction, regeneration, and biolistic sensitivities of different genotypes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have been determined in order to develop an efficient system for transformation of russian cultivars of spring wheat. short-term (two days) cold treatment (4 degrees c) has been demonstrated to distinctly increase the frequency of morphogenetic callus induction. the optimal phytohormonal composition of the nutrient medium ensuring an in vitro regeneration rate of the common whea ...200818846824
increasing the physical markers of wheat chromosomes using ssrs as fish probes.in plants the marker sequences used to identify chromosomes are mainly repetitive dna probes. simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are major components of many plant genomes and could be good markers for chromosome identification. in a previous work, we reported the physical distribution of 4 oligonucleotides, (ag)12, (cat)5, (aac)5, and (aag)5, on triticum aestivum l. chromosomes. the distinctive distribution pattern found suggested that ssr in situ hybridization is useful as a diagnostic tool in whe ...200818923532
clomiphene citrate modulates the expression of endometrial carbohydrates (especially n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and sialic acid) in pseudopregnant rats.this study investigated the presence of carbohydrates n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and sialic acid oligosaccharides, in the uterine epithelium of pseudopregnant rats treated with ovarian hormones and clomiphene citrate (cc) a commonly used fertility drug associated with low pregnancy rates. ovariectomized sexually mature rats were given 0.25mg cc prior to the implantation-priming hormone sequence of 5mg progesterone for 3 days and a single dose of 0.5microg estradiol-17beta (e(2)) on day 3 (pp(pe)) an ...200818514805
molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for yield and yield components in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.).an f1 derived doubled haploid (dh) population of 402 lines from the adapted spring wheat cross superb (high yielding)/bw278 (low yielding) was developed to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with yield and yield components. a subset of the population (186 lines) was evaluated in replicated field trials in 2001 and 2002 at six locations in manitoba and saskatchewan, canada. agronomic parameters, grain yield and yield components including 1,000 grain weight, harvest index, average s ...200818516583
toxic reactivity of wheat (triticum aestivum) plants to herbicide isoproturon.the herbicide isoproturon is widely used for controlling weed/grass in agricultural practice. however, the side effect of isoproturon as contaminants on crops is unknown. in this study, we investigated isoproturon-induced oxidative stress in wheat ( triticum aestivum). the plants were grown in soils with isoproturon at 0-20 mg/kg and showed negative biological responses. the growth of wheat seedlings with isoproturon was inhibited. chlorophyll content significantly decreased at the low concentra ...200818522406
quantitative trait loci for grain fructan concentration in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).fructans (fructo-oligosaccharides) are prebiotics that are thought to selectively promote the growth of colonic bifidobacteria, thereby improving human gut health. fructans are present in the grain of wheat, a staple food crop. in the research reported here, we aimed to detect and map loci affecting grain fructan concentration in wheat using a doubled-haploid population derived from a cross between a high-fructan breeding line, berkut, and a low-fructan cultivar, krichauff. fructan concentration ...200818536901
[cellular features of immune reaction of common wheat with lr19 gene to brown rust fungus infection].the effect of resistant gene lr19 on the development of brown rust fungus puccinia triticina in the immune line of thatcher variety was similar to that of nonhost species. the development of the fungus was inhibited in the plant tissue at the early stages. the fungus cells demonstrated structural disorganization of the nuclei and mitochondria before host cell invasion. the plant cell membranes and chloroplasts were changed; large chromatin aggregates appeared in their nuclei. hypersensitive reac ...200818540192
novel properties of the wheat aluminum tolerance organic acid transporter (taalmt1) revealed by electrophysiological characterization in xenopus oocytes: functional and structural implications.many plant species avoid the phytotoxic effects of aluminum (al) by exuding dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids that chelate and immobilize al(3+) at the root surface, thus preventing it from entering root cells. several novel genes that encode membrane transporters from the almt and mate families recently were cloned and implicated in mediating the organic acid transport underlying this al tolerance response. given our limited understanding of the functional properties of almts, in this study ...200818550686
identification and mapping qtl for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'stephens'.high-temperature adult-plant (htap) resistance from the winter wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar 'stephens' has protected wheat crops from stripe rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici for 30 years. the objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) for htap resistance in stephens through genetic linkage analysis and identify dna markers linked to the qtl for use in marker-assisted breeding. mapping populations consisted of 101 recombinant inbred lines (rils ...200818584147
phytochemical quantification and total antioxidant capacities of emmer (triticum dicoccon schrank) and einkorn (triticum monococcum l.) wheat landraces.in this study, samples of 18 ancient wheat (12 emmer, 6 einkorn) and 2 bread wheat varieties grown in different regions of turkey were examined for their total phenolics and flavonoids, phenolic acids, lutein, total yellow pigment, and total radical scavenging capacities against abts cation. results showed that health beneficial phytochemicals and total antioxidant capacities were generally significantly different in emmer and einkorn wheat groups. remarkably higher total antioxidant activity (1 ...200818593174
effect of temperature and commodity on insecticidal efficacy of spinosad dust against sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: curculionidae) and rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrychidae).the insecticidal effect of spinosad dust, a formulation that contains 0.125% spinosad, was evaluated against adults of sitophilus oryzae (l.) and rhyzopertha dominica (f.) at three temperature levels (20, 25, and 30 degrees c) and four commodities (wheat, triticum aestivum l.; barley, hordeum vulgare l.; rice, oryza sativa l.; and maize, zea mays l.). for this purpose, quantities of the above-mentioned grains were treated with spinosad at two dose rates (20 and 50 ppm of the formulation, corresp ...200818613602
immediate and delayed mortality of rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrichidae) and sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: curculionidae) adults exposed to spinosad-treated commodities.a series of tests was conducted to characterize differences in the mortality of the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae), and rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae), exposed to three commodities treated with a liquid and dry spinosad formulation. in laboratory bioassays, adults of the two insect species were exposed to untreated wheat, triticum aestivum l., corn, zea mays l., and sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.) moench., and to commoditie ...200818613608
[new data on the distribution of hybrid necrosis genes in winter bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars].hybrid necrosis genotypes have been identified in 125 russian cultivars of winter bread wheat. more than half of them (56%) carry the ne2 gene (genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2); others are free of necrosis genes (genotype ne1ne1ne2ne2). the possible causes of the increase in the ne2 allele frequency and the loss of the ne1ne1ne2ne2 genotype in modem russian cultivars of winter wheat are discussed. the principal component method has been used to compare the structures of the genetic diversity of cultivars ...200818619039
simulating the influence of vernalization, photoperiod and optimum temperature on wheat developmental rates.accurately representing development is essential for applying crop simulations to investigate the effects of climate, genotypes or crop management. development in wheat (triticum aestivum, t. durum) is primarily driven by temperature, but affected by vernalization and photoperiod, and is often simulated by reducing thermal-time accumulation using vernalization or photoperiod factors or limiting accumulation when a lower optimum temperature (t(optl)) is exceeded. in this study t(optl) and methods ...200818628262
molecular mapping of leaf rust resistance gene lrzh84 in chinese wheat line zhou 8425b.leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina, is one of the most widespread diseases in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. with the objective of identifying and mapping new genes for resistance to leaf rust, f(1), f(2) plants and f(3) lines from a cross between resistant line zhou 8425b and susceptible line chinese spring were inoculated with chinese p. triticina races thtt and mbhp in the greenhouse. a total of 793 pairs of ssr primers were used to test the parents and resistant and susc ...200818651124
models for the field-based toxicity of copper and zinc salts to wheat in 11 australian soils and comparison to laboratory-based models.laboratory-based relationships that model the phytotoxicity of metals using soil properties have been developed. this paper presents the first field-based phytotoxicity relationships. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was grown at 11 australian field sites at which soil was spiked with copper (cu) and zinc (zn) salts. toxicity was measured as inhibition of plant growth at 8 weeks and grain yield at harvest. the added cu and zn ec10 values for both endpoints ranged from approximately 3 to 4760 mg/kg. ...200818653265
late foliar diseases in wheat crops decrease nitrogen yield through n uptake rather than through variations in n remobilization.french wheat grains may be of little value on world markets because they have low and highly variable grain protein concentrations (gpc). this nitrogen-yield to yield ratio depends on crop nitrogen (n) fertilization as well as on crop capacity to use n, which is known to vary with climate and disease severity. here an examination is made of the respective roles that n remobilization and post-anthesis n uptake play in n yield variations; in particular, when wheat crops (triticum aestivum) are aff ...200818660494
[effect of hydrogen peroxide on morphological characteristics and resistance of wheat calluses to the stinking smut fungus].we studied the effect of hydrogen peroxide on morphological characteristics and resistance of common wheat calluses (triticum aestivum l.) to tilletia caries till. the induction of the defense response and morphogenesis in calluses depended on h2o2 concentration. a correlation was revealed between the elevated concentration of hydrogen peroxide in wheat calluses and high activity of oxalate oxidase in the cell wall. administration of h2o2 into the callus culture medium was followed by rhizogenes ...200818663963
[influence of the surface features and physiological reactions of non-host species on the development of cellular structures of rust fungi].parasitic rust fungi puccinia triticina and p. coronata specialized to cereals are not able to form functionally completed cellular structures (germ tubes and appressoria) on the surface of plant species that do not belong to poaceae. fungus structures are induced by the surface features of grains leaves (millet, maize, oat, common wheat) to a different extent. nuclear division and activity of parasites are partially suppressed on the non-host leaves. fungi intrusions into sub-stomal cavities of ...200818683590
significant improvement of stress tolerance in tobacco plants by overexpressing a stress-responsive aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from maize (zea mays).aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldhs) play a central role in detoxification processes of aldehydes generated in plants when exposed to the stressed conditions. in order to identify genes required for the stresses responses in the grass crop zea mays, an aldh (zmaldh22a1) gene was isolated and characterized. zmaldh22a1 belongs to the family aldh22 that is currently known only in plants. the zmaldh22a1 encodes a protein of 593 amino acids that shares high identity with the orthologs from saccharum offic ...200818688729
[genetic analysis and location of loci controlling leaf rust resistance of introgressive triticum aestivum x triticum timopheevii].introgressive lines resulting from crossing common wheat triticum aestivum with the tetraploid t. timopheevii are characterized by effective resistance to leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina eriks. molecular analysis using 350 specific short sequence repeat (ssr) markers was used to locate the t. timopheevii genome to chromosomes 1a, 2a, 2b, 5a, 5b, and 6b. a population of f2 offspring of crossing hybrid line 842-2 with common wheat cultivar skala was obtained for mapping the loci controlling ...200819178084
[cloning and expression analysis of two salt and fusarium graminearum stress associated udp-glucosyltransferases genes in wheat].glycosyltransferases (gts) play important roles in stress responses of plants by glycosylating hormones and secondary metabolites. udp-glucosyltransferases (ugts), which use udp-glucuronic acid in animals, udp-glucose, udp-galactose, and udp- rhamnose in plant as sugar donors, belong to family 1 of gts. as a secondary metabolite produced by fusarium graminearum during infection of grains, deoxynivalenol (don) is not only harmful to human and animal's health by inhibiting protein synthesis, but a ...200819073578
specific binding sites for progesterone and 17beta-estradiol in cells of triticum aestivum l.the presence and location of specific binding sites for progesterone and 17beta-estradiol in cells of wheat were estimated using radioligand binding assay. membrane and cytosolic fractions of non-vernalized and vernalized plants were tested using tritium-labelled ligands. specific binding of [(3)h]progesterone and [(3)h]17beta-estradiol occurs in wheat cells. the binding sites are located in membranes and in the cytosol. specific binding of [(3)h]17beta-estradiol is higher in the membranes than ...200819081853
toxicity and bioavailability of copper nanoparticles to the terrestrial plants mung bean (phaseolus radiatus) and wheat (triticum aestivum): plant agar test for water-insoluble nanoparticles.because of their insolubility in water, nanoparticles have a limitation concerning toxicity experiments. the present study demonstrated a plant agar test for homogeneous exposure of nanoparticles to plant species. the effect of cu nanoparticles on the growth of a plant seedling was studied, and bioaccumulation of nanoparticles was investigated. all tests were conducted in plant agar media to prevent precipitation of water-insoluble nanoparticles in test units. the plant species were phaseolus ra ...200819086317
tobacco by-2 cells as effective bioreactor for the production of puroindolines.puroindolines are two small proteins so called for the presence of an hydrophobic tryptophan-rich domain. associated to wheat starch granules in triticum aestivum, puroindolines have been shown to be responsible for the softness of the wheat endosperm. moreover, have been proved to possess bactericide and anti-fungal properties together with the capacity of forming very stable foams. all these features make puroindolines very attractive for medical, pharmaceutical and food industrial application ...200819014352
wheat leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina.leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina, is the most common rust disease of wheat. the fungus is an obligate parasite capable of producing infectious urediniospores as long as infected leaf tissue remains alive. urediniospores can be wind-disseminated and infect host plants hundreds of kilometres from their source plant, which can result in wheat leaf rust epidemics on a continental scale. this review summarizes current knowledge of the p. triticina/wheat interaction with emphasis on the infecti ...200819018988
a class iii peroxidase specifically expressed in pathogen-attacked barley epidermis contributes to basal resistance.higher plants possess large multigene families encoding secreted class iii peroxidase (prx) proteins. in barley, two prx cdnas encoding hvprx07 and hvprx08 have been isolated and characterized to some extent with respect to a resistance-mediating function upon attack by the powdery-mildew fungus blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (bgh). here we present evidence for the tissue-specific accumulation of a new prx mrna, hvprx40, in bgh-attacked epidermis of barley (hordeum vulgare). the encoded protein ...200819018997
characterization of t. aestivum-h. californicum chromosome addition lines da2h and ma5h.in order to transfer useful genes of hordeum californicum into common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the t. aestivum c.v. chinese spring (cs)-h. californicum amphiploid was crossed to cs, and its backcrossing and self-fertilized progenies were analyzed by morphological observation, cytological, biochemical and molecular marker techniques. alien addition lines with two h. californicum chromosomes were identified and their genetic constitution was characterized. sts-pcr analysis using chromosome 2b ...200819022201
phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of artemisia scoparia waldst. & kit.the phytotoxicity of the three major monoterpene constituents of the essential oil from leaves of artemisia scoparia waldst. & kit. (redstem wormwood) was investigated. gc/gc-ms analysis revealed that the essential oil (yield 0.84%) is a complex mixture containing 19 monoterpenes, 7 sesquiterpenes and 15 other compounds--aliphatic alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons and esters. the three major monoterpenes were beta-myrcene (30.2%), p-cymene (12.8%) and dl-limonene (12.4%). the essential oi ...200819040104
phytoremediation of oil-sludge-contaminated soil.the aim of this research was to select plant species that could be effective in the phytoremediation ofa former oil-sludge pit. seven crop plants (triticum aestivum l., secale cereale l., avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor l moench, panicum miliaceum l, and zea mays l.),five wild grasses (lolium perenne l., bromopsis inermis, agropyron cristatum l., agropyrum tenerum l., and festuca pratensis huds.), and three legumes (medicago sativa l., trifolium pratense l., and onobrychis anta ...200819260228
plastid omega3-fatty acid desaturase-dependent accumulation of a systemic acquired resistance inducing activity in petiole exudates of arabidopsis thaliana is independent of jasmonic acid.systemic acquired resistance (sar) is an inducible defense mechanism that is activated throughout the plant, subsequent to localized inoculation with a pathogen. the establishment of sar requires translocation of an unknown signal from the pathogen-inoculated leaf to the distal organs, where salicylic acid-dependent defenses are activated. we demonstrate here that petiole exudates (pexs) collected from arabidopsis leaves inoculated with an avirulent (avr) pseudomonas syringae strain promote resi ...200818088304
quantitative trait loci for seedling and adult plant resistance to stagonospora nodorum in wheat.stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) caused by stagonospora nodorum is a severe disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) in many areas of the world. s. nodorum affects both seedling and adult plants causing necrosis of leaf and glume tissue, inhibiting photosynthetic capabilities, and reducing grain yield. the aims of this study were to evaluate disease response of 280 doubled haploid (dh) individuals derived from a cross between resistant (6hrwsn125) and susceptible (wawht2074) genotypes, compare quan ...200818943206
specificity of incomplete resistance to mycosphaerella graminicola in wheat.we examined interactions between wheat (triticum aestivum) and mycosphaerella graminicola, causal agent of septoria tritici blotch, to determine whether specific interactions occur between host and pathogen genotypes that could be involved in eroding resistance. the moderate resistance of the wheat cultivar madsen has eroded significantly in the willamette valley of oregon since its release in 1990. foote is a replacement cultivar expressing moderate resistance and was released in 2000. isolates ...200818943223
quantitative trait loci for high-temperature adult-plant and slow-rusting resistance to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in wheat cultivars.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) globally. high-temperature adult-plant resistance (htapr) and slow-rusting have great potential for sustainable management of the disease. the wheat cultivars luke and aquileja have been previously reported to possess htapr and slow-rusting to stripe rust, respectively. aquileja displayed less number of stripes per unit leaf area than luke, while luke showed lower infecti ...200818943256
genetic analysis of resistance to pyrenophora tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.tan spot of wheat, caused by the fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a destructive disease worldwide that can lead to serious losses in quality and quantity of wheat grain production. resistance to multiple races of p. tritici-repentis was identified in a wide range of genetically diverse genotypes, including three different species triticum aestivum (aabbdd), t. spelta (aabbdd), and t. turgidum (aabb). the major objectives of this study were to determine the genetic control of resistance to ...200818944295
[the generation of h2o2 in wheat hypersensitive reaction induced by leaf rust fungus].h2o2 burst in the defense responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) infected with compatible and incompatible leaf rust fungus races (puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici) was investigated firstly. cytofluorimetric analysis using the fluorescent probe dcfhda scrutinized the generation of h2o2 in wheat primary leaves. the results indicated that h2o2 burst could be induced by either compatible or incompatible leaf rust fungus. however, the kinetics of h2o2 burst in incompatible interaction were biphas ...200818958998
fusarium sinensis sp. nov., a new species from wheat in china.two strains of fusarium sinensis sp. nov. were isolated from the seeds and roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in shandong province, china. they are superficially similar to f. dlaminii in producing fusiform-to-reniform and napiform microconidia and chlamydospores in almost the same size range as f. dlaminii. however the colonies and chlamydospores of f. sinensis resemble those of species in sections roseum, gibbosum and discolor. phylogenetic analysis of partial translation elongation factor ...200818959160
diurnal photosynthesis, water use efficiency and light use efficiency of wheat under mediterranean field conditions.photosynthesis and transpiration rates of wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) were measured at 30 min intervals under mediterranean field conditions, using photosynthesis monitor system (pm-48m). the dynamics of net photosynthetic rate (p(n)), transpiration rate (e(t)), water use efficiency (wue), light use efficiency (lue), stomatal conductance (g(s)), photosynthetically active radiation (par), air temperature (t), relative humidity (rh), and atmospheric co2 concentration (catm) were quantified ...200818972699
[screening hv-s/tpk from tac library of a triticum aestivum-haynaldia villosa translocation line].hv-s/tpk gene, a resistance related gene to powdery mildew, was cloned by using genechip, and its expression was upregulated after the inoculation of blumeria graminis to haynaldia villosa. using the specific primers of hv-s/tpk to screen a genomic tac (transformation-competent artificial chromosome) library of translocation line 6vs/6al, a positive tac was screened. a 5-kb fragment containing hv-s/tpk was subcloned and identified. this 5160-bp fragment (genbank accession no. eu153366) was deter ...200818998531
a novel homeobox-like gene associated with reaction to stripe rust and powdery mildew in common wheat.stripe rust and powdery mildew, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, respectively, are severe diseases in wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. in our study, differential amplification of a 201-bp cdna fragment was obtained in a cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis between near-isogenic lines yr10nil and avocet s, inoculated with p. striiformis f. sp. tritici race cyr29. a full-length cdna (1,357 bp) of a homeobox-like gene, ta ...200819000003
hydrogen peroxide scavenging regulates germination ability during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed maturation.hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) promotes seed germination of cereal plants and ascorbic acid which acts as antioxidant suppresses the germination of wheat seeds, but the role of h(2)o(2) scavenging on germination during seed maturation has not been demonstrated. we investigated relationship of germination, ascorbate, h(2)o(2) scavenging enzymes and sensitivity to ascorbic acid (asa) maturing seeds of two typical wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, cvs. shirogane-komugi and norin61. shirogane-ko ...200819513213
effect of fresh triticum aestivum grass juice on lipid profile of normal rats.to study the hypolipidemic activity of fresh grass juice of triticum aestivum in normal rats.200820040964
biotic and abiotic stress responses through calcium-dependent protein kinase (cdpk) signaling in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) sense the calcium concentration changes in plant cells and play important roles in signaling pathways for disease resistance and various stress responses as indicated by emerging evidences. among the 20 wheat cdpk genes studied, 10 were found to respond to drought, salinity and aba treatments. consistent with previous observations, one cdpk gene was shown to respond to multiple abiotic stresses in wheat suggesting that cdpks could be converging points fo ...200819704816
autoinfection in wheat leaf rust epidemics.autoinfection (within-host inoculum transmission) allows plant pathogens locally to increase their density on an infected host. estimating autoinfection is of particular importance in understanding epidemic development in host mixtures. more generally, autoinfection influences the rate of host colonization by the pathogen, as well as pathogen evolution. despite its importance in epidemiological models, autoinfection has not yet been directly quantified. it was measured here on wheat (triticum ae ...200818179605
fusarium graminearum gene deletion mutants map1 and tri5 reveal similarities and differences in the pathogenicity requirements to cause disease on arabidopsis and wheat floral tissue.the ascomycete pathogen fusarium graminearum can infect all cereal species and lower grain yield, quality and safety. the fungus can also cause disease on arabidopsis thaliana. in this study, the disease-causing ability of two f. graminearum mutants was analysed to further explore the parallels between the wheat (triticum aestivum) and arabidopsis floral pathosystems. wild-type f. graminearum (strain ph-1) and two isogenic transformants lacking either the mitogen-activated protein kinase map1 ge ...200818179606
evolutionary and functional study of the cdpk gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are crucial sensors of calcium concentration changes in plant cells under diverse endogenous and environmental stimuli. we identified 20 cdpk genes from bread wheat and performed a comprehensive study on their structural, functional and evolutionary characteristics. full-length cdna sequences of 14 cdpks were obtained using various approaches. wheat cdpks were found to be similar to their counterparts in rice in genomic structure, gc content, subcellular ...200818185910
the genetic diversity of uk, us and australian cultivars of triticum aestivum measured by dart markers and considered by genome.the genetic diversity of uk, us and australian wheat varieties over the period of modern plant breeding is estimated using diversity array technology markers. diversity is assessed by both genetic distance between varieties, by amova and as the volumes of multi-dimensional convex hulls estimated from principal co-ordinate analysis. at the whole genome level the three populations are genetically distinct; this is also true of the b genome. however, the us and australian d genomes are found to occ ...200818060539
increased freezing tolerance through up-regulation of downstream genes via the wheat cbf gene in transgenic tobacco.the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cbf gene family is assumed to play important roles in development of low-temperature and freezing tolerance through activation of the downstream cor/lea genes. however, no direct evidence shows association of the wheat cbf genes with stress tolerance or any interaction between wheat cbf transcription factors and cor/lea gene activation. here, we introduced wcbf2, one of the wheat cbf genes, into the tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) genome. expression of wcbf2 signi ...200818061465
fine scale genetic and physical mapping using interstitial deletion mutants of lr34 /yr18: a disease resistance locus effective against multiple pathogens in wheat.the lr34/yr18 locus has contributed to durable, non-race specific resistance against leaf rust (puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (p. striiformis f. sp. tritici) in wheat (triticum aestivum). lr34/yr18 also cosegregates with resistance to powdery mildew (pm38) and a leaf tip necrosis phenotype (ltn1). using a high resolution mapping family from a cross between near-isogenic lines in the "thatcher" background we demonstrated that lr34/yr18 also cosegregated with stem rust resistance in the fiel ...200818074114
mitochondrial regulation of flower development.flower development in plants depends not only on a set of nuclear genes but also on the coordinate action of the mitochondrion. certain mitochondrial genomes in combination with certain nuclear genomes lead to the expression of cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms). both mitochondrial genes that determine male-sterility and nuclear restorer-of-fertility genes that suppress the male-sterile phenotype have been cloned. lately, the interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genes through retrograde ...200818054525
effects of co2 laser pretreatment on drought stress resistance in wheat.in order to determine the role of laser in drought stress resistance of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.), seed embryos were exposed to co2 laser radiation for 0min, 1min, 3min and 5min, respectively, and when the seedlings were 12 days old they were treated with 10% (w/v) peg6000 solution for 10 days. changes in the concentration of malondialdehyde (mda), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), glutathione (gsh), ascorbate (asa), oxidized glutathione (gssg), carotenoid, zeaxanthin, the production rate of s ...200818032059
not simply a foreign body.the presence of foreign biological substances in the human body can lead to violent immune reactions. this is the report of a very rare case involving not only the presence of a biological substance, but also a symbiotic relationship between a living plant (the common wheat grain, triticum aestivum l.) and the human body. black coal particles and one cereal grain were removed from the subgalea of the right parietal region of a 35-year-old man who had sustained injuries in a motor vehicle acciden ...200818022346
mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance genes in diploid a genome wheat species and their transfer to bread wheat.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis west. f.sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. forty genes for stripe rust resistance have been catalogued so far, but the majority of them are not effective against emerging pathotypes. triticum monococcum and t. boeoticum have excellent levels of resistance to rusts, but so far, no stripe rust resistance gene has been identified or transferred from these species. a set of 121 rils generated from a cross involving t. mon ...200817989954
kinetics of phosphorus and potassium release from rock phosphate and waste mica enriched compost and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum).an attempt was made to study the efficient use of rice straw and indigenous source of phosphorus and potassium in crop production through composting technology. various enriched composts were prepared using rice straw, rock phosphate (rp), waste mica and bioinoculant (aspergillus awamori) and kinetics of release of phosphorus and potassium from enriched composts and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum) were carried out. results showed sharp increases in release ...200817905580
efficient and rapid agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) using additional virulence genes.genetic transformation of wheat, using biolistics or agrobacterium, underpins a range of specific research methods for identifying genes and studying their function in planta. transgenic approaches to study and modify traits in durum wheat have lagged behind those for bread wheat. here we report the use of agrobacterium strain agl1, with additional vir genes housed in a helper plasmid, to transform and regenerate the durum wheat variety ofanto. the use of the basic psoup helper plasmid with no a ...200817638109
expression of puroindoline a enhances leaf rust resistance in transgenic tetraploid wheat.the purouindoline gene (pin) coding for puroindoline proteins (pins) is located on chromosome 5d, controls grain hardness, and the pins have in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (g+) bacteria, gram-negative (g-) bacteria and fungi. wheat leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina is one of the most important fungal diseases for common wheat with aabbdd genomes. tetraploid wheat (aabb genome) varieties luna and venusia were transformed with the purouindoline a (pina) gene by bombardm ...200817380426
the nitrate leached below maize root zone is available for deep-rooted wheat in winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the north china plain.in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-summer maize (zea mays l.) rotation system in the north china plain, maize roots do not extend beyond 1.2 m in the vertical soil profile, but wheat roots can reach up to 2.0 m. increases in soil nitrate content at maize harvest and significant reductions after winter wheat harvest were observed in the 1.4-2.0 m depth under field conditions. the recovery of 15n isotope (calcium nitrate) from various (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 m) soil depths showed that ...200817692443
alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping, fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils of india.soil quality assessment provides a tool for evaluating the sustainability of alternative soil management practices. our objective was to develop the most sensitive soil quality index for evaluating fertilizer, farm yard manure (fym), and crop management practices on a semiarid inceptisol in india. soil indicators and crop yield data from a long-term (31 years) fertilizer, manure, and crop rotation (maize, wheat, cowpea, pearl millet) study at the indian agricultural research institute (iari) nea ...200817457684
identification and characterization of shared duplications between rice and wheat provide new insight into grass genome evolution.the grass family comprises the most important cereal crops and is a good system for studying, with comparative genomics, mechanisms of evolution, speciation, and domestication. here, we identified and characterized the evolution of shared duplications in the rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum) genomes by comparing 42,654 rice gene sequences with 6426 mapped wheat ests using improved sequence alignment criteria and statistical analysis. intraspecific comparisons identified 29 interc ...200818178768
tenest: automated chronological annotation and visualization of nested plant transposable elements.organisms with a high density of transposable elements (tes) exhibit nesting, with subsequent repeats found inside previously inserted elements. nesting splits the sequence structure of tes and makes annotation of repetitive areas challenging. we present tenest, a repeat identification and display tool made specifically for highly repetitive genomes. tenest identifies repetitive sequences and reconstructs separated sections to provide full-length repeats and, for long-terminal repeat (ltr) retro ...200818032588
plant resistance signalling hijacked by a necrotrophic fungal pathogen.the strategies used by necrotrophic fungal pathogens to infect plants are often perceived as lacking the sophistication of their haustorium producing, host defence suppressing, biotrophic counterparts. there is also a relative paucity of knowledge regarding how effective gene-for-gene based resistance reactions might function against necrotrophic plant pathogens. however, recent data has emerged from a number of systems which has highlighted that particular species of necrotrophic (and/or hemibi ...200819704431
a synthetic wheat with 56 chromosomes derived from triticum turgidum and aegilops tauschii.by colchicine treatment of hybrids between triticum turgidum and aegilops tauschii (as seedlings), a fertile wheat plant (shw-l2) carrying 56 chromosomes was artificially synthesized. at metaphase i of 50 pollen mother cells, the 56 chromosomes of the new wheat shw-l2 showed a mean pairing configuration of 2.82 univalents, 6.18 rod bivalents, 19.39 ring bivalents, 0.5 trivalents, and 0.14 quadrivalents. cytological analyses suggested that shw-l2 had additional 7 pairs of chromosomes from the a a ...200818263968
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