Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| molt performance and bone density of cortical, medullary, and cancellous bone in laying hens during feed restriction or alfalfa-based feed molt. | a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of alfalfa-based molt diets on molting performance and bone qualities. a total of 36 single comb white leghorn hens were used for the study. there were 6 treatments: pretrial control (pc), fully fed (ff), feed withdrawal (fw), 90% alfalfa:10% layer ration (a90), 80% alfalfa:20% layer ration (a80), and 70% alfalfa:30% layer ration (a70). for the pc treatment, hens were euthanized by co(2) gas, and bones were collected before molt was initiated. at the ... | 2007 | 17704367 |
| effect of polysavone (alfalfa extract) on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens. | two hundred 1-day-old male commercial arbor acres broiler birds were randomly distributed to a control group and a polysavone group (5 replicates of 20 birds each) to investigate the influence of polysavone, a natural extract from alfalfa, on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens. birds in the control group were supplied with a basal diet, and 0.06% polysavone was added to the basal diet of birds in the polysavone group. body weight and feed consumption for each replicate wer ... | 2007 | 17704384 |
| neutral detergent-soluble fiber improves gut barrier function in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits. | the effect of neutral detergent-soluble fiber level on gut barrier function and intestinal microbiota was examined in weaned rabbits. a control diet (ah) containing 103 g of neutral detergent-soluble fiber/ kg of dm included alfalfa hay as main source of fiber. another diet (b-ap) was formulated by replacing half of the alfalfa hay with a mixture of beet and apple pulp resulting in 131 g of soluble fiber/kg of dm. a third diet (oh) was obtained by substituting half of the alfalfa hay with a mix ... | 2007 | 17709783 |
| host plants of the tarnished plant bug (heteroptera: miridae) in central texas. | the tarnished plant bug, lygus lineolaris (palisot de beauvois), has taken on added importance as a pest of cotton in the cotton belt after successful eradication efforts for the boll weevil (anthonomus grandis grandis boheman). because the southern blacklands region of central texas is in advanced stages of boll weevil eradication, blooming weeds and selected row crops were sampled during a 3-yr study to determine lygus species composition and associated temporal host plants. l. lineolaris was ... | 2007 | 17716463 |
| field parasitism of nontarget weevil species (coleoptera: curculionidae) by the introduced biological control agent microctonus aethiopoides loan (hymenoptera: braconidae) over an altitude gradient. | the parasitoid, microctonus aethiopoides loan (hymenoptera: braconidae) was introduced into new zealand in 1982 to control the alfalfa pest, sitona discoideus gyllenhal (coleoptera: curculionidae). studies have shown that a number of nontarget weevil species are attacked in the field by this parasitoid. a field study was carried out to investigate nontarget parasitism by m. aethiopoides over an altitudinal sequence from the target host habitat (alfalfa) into native grassland. three locations wer ... | 2007 | 17716473 |
| antagonistic effects of soybean viruses on soybean aphid performance. | although there is long-standing recognition that pest complexes require different management approaches than individual pests, relatively little research has explored how pests interact. in particular, little is known of how herbivorous insects and plant pathogens interact when sharing the same host plant. the soybean aphid, aphis glycines mastumura, a recently introduced pest of soybean in the upper midwestern united states, and a complex of plant viruses vectored to soybean by insects have bec ... | 2007 | 17716484 |
| population genetic structure of sinorhizobium meliloti and s. medicae isolated from nodules of medicago spp. in mexico. | we studied the genetic structure of 176 bacterial isolates from nodules of medicago sativa, m. lupulina and m. polymorpha in fifteen sites distributed in three localities in mexico. the strains were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, plasmid profiles, pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16s rrna genes and of the intergenic spacer between 16s and 23s rrna genes, and partial sequences of glnii, reca and nodb. most of the strains were classified as sinorhizobium melilot ... | 2007 | 17386032 |
| solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry integrated with chemometrics for detection of salmonella typhimurium contamination in a packaged fresh vegetable. | a rapid method for detection of salmonella typhimurium contamination in packaged alfalfa sprouts using solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (spme/gc/ms) integrated with chemometrics was investigated. alfalfa sprouts were inoculated with s. typhimurium, packed into commercial ldpe bags and stored at 10+2 degrees c for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days. uninoculated sprouts were used as control samples. a spme device was used to collect the volatiles from the headspace above the sampl ... | 2007 | 17386426 |
| dicot and monocot plants differ in retinoblastoma-related protein subfamilies. | the present study supports the view that the retinoblastoma functions are shared by two distinct retinoblastoma-related (rbr) protein subfamilies in the monocot cereal species, whereas dicot plants have only a single rbr protein. genes encoding rbr proteins were identified and characterized in alfalfa (medicago sativa), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum). the alfalfa msrbr gene encodes a new member of the dicot rbr proteins (subfamily a). a comparison was made of two rice genes, ... | 2007 | 17389586 |
| quantitative analysis of the growth of salmonella stanley during alfalfa sprouting and evaluation of enterobacter aerogenes as its surrogate. | raw seed sprouts have been implicated in several food poisoning outbreaks in the last 10 years. few studies have included investigations of factors influencing the effectiveness of testing spent irrigation water, and in no studies to date has a nonpathogenic surrogate been identified as suitable for large-scale irrigation water testing trials. alfalfa seeds were inoculated with salmonella stanley or its presumptive surrogate (nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacter aerogenes) at three concentratio ... | 2007 | 17340864 |
| physiological response of glandular-haired alfalfa to potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) injury. | plant tolerance to herbivory is a key approach for managing pests. in alfalfa, medicago sativa, the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae, is a major pest as a result of the cascade of plant responses to piercing-sucking injury. to identify tolerance to its injury based on alfalfa physiology, experiments were conducted in the field and greenhouse. in our comparison of the response of field-grown alfalfa cultivars to standardized leafhopper densities, net photosynthesis and transpiration rates of 'ge ... | 2007 | 17349134 |
| responses to dietary starch or sucrose on protein and glucose kinetics in goats fed a high-concentrate diet. | responses of whole body protein synthesis (wbps) and glucose irreversible loss rate (ilr) were compared between dietary starch and sucrose in four male goats. diets were fed at 1.2 times maintenance requirements of me and cp with 30% of the me as starch, starch plus sucrose or sucrose, twice daily. the diets consisted of 33, 32, 11 and 24% of alfalfa hay, corn, soybean meal and the carbohydrates, respectively. the wbps and glucose ilr during 5-7 h after feeding were determined by an isotope dilu ... | 2007 | 17361946 |
| effect of direct-fed microbials on performance, diet digestibility, and rumen characteristics of holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding direct-fed microbial (dfm) products containing lactobacillus acidophilus and propionibacteria freudenreichii on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of holstein dairy cows in midlactation. experiments were conducted from february to may 2003. cows were fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu)/d of live l. acidophilus strain la747 and 2 x 10(9) cfu/d of live p. freudenreichi ... | 2007 | 17369221 |
| effects of different protein supplements on milk production and nutrient utilization in lactating dairy cows. | sixteen (8 ruminally cannulated) multiparous and 8 primiparous lactating holstein cows were used in 6 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to test the effects of feeding supplemental protein as urea, solvent soybean meal (ssbm), cottonseed meal (csm), or canola meal (cm) on milk production, nutrient utilization, and ruminal metabolism. all diets contained (% of dm) 21% alfalfa silage and 35% corn silage plus 1) 2% urea plus 41% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 2) 12% ssbm plus 31% hmsc, 3) 14% csm p ... | 2007 | 17369223 |
| effects of different protein supplements on omasal nutrient flow and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were used in 2 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to quantify effects of supplementing protein as urea, solvent soybean meal (ssbm), cottonseed meal (csm), or canola meal (cm) on omasal nutrient flows and microbial protein synthesis. all diets contained (% of dry matter) 21% alfalfa silage and 35% corn silage plus 1) 2% urea plus 41% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 2) 12% ssbm plus 31% hmsc, 3) 14% csm plus 29% hm ... | 2007 | 17369224 |
| effects of restricted feeding of beef heifers during the postweaning period on growth, efficiency, and ultrasound carcass characteristics. | traits used for identification of replacement beef heifers and feeding levels provided during postweaning development may have major financial implications due to effects on maintenance requirements and level of lifetime production. the current study evaluated the effects of 2 levels of feeding during the postweaning period on growth, g:f, and ultrasound carcass measurements of heifers, and the associations among these traits. heifers (1/2 red angus, 1/4 charolais, and 1/4 tarentaise) born in 3 ... | 2007 | 17565051 |
| energy requirements and cow/calf efficiency of nellore and continental and british bos taurus x nellore crosses. | the objective of this work was to compare breed types with increasing percentage of bos taurus on cow/calf energy requirements and preweaning efficiency. forty mature, lactating, nonpregnant cows [10 nellore (nl), 10 canchim x nellore (cn), 10 angus x nellore (an), and 10 simmental x nellore (sn)] were randomized in blocks by calving date. calves from cross-bred cows were sired by canchim bulls (5/8 charolais + 3/8 zebu), whereas calves from nl cows were sired by nellore bulls. cows were individ ... | 2007 | 17565065 |
| transgenic alfalfa that accumulates piceid (trans-resveratrol-3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside) requires the presence of beta-glucosidase to inhibit the formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon of cf-1 mice. | plants have been genetically enhanced to produce a number of products for agricultural, industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. this technology could potentially be applied to providing chemoprevention strategies to the general population. resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a compound that has been shown to have protective activity against a number of cancers and could be an ideal candidate for such an application. alfalfa that was genetically modified to express resveratrol-synthase was ... | 2007 | 17571969 |
| use of faeces as an alternative inoculum to caecal content to study in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus). | 1. in order to find an alternative source of inoculum to caecal content for studying the in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus), caecal content and faeces of 4 male birds were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. 2. about 1 g of each of 5 substrates (maize silage, cs; alfalfa hay, ah; barley, bg; soybean meal, sm; beet pulp, bp) was weighed, in quadruplicate per inoculum, in 120 ml flasks; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4 ml of re ... | 2007 | 17578699 |
| dietary cation-anion difference effects on performance and acid-base status of dairy cows postpartum. | our objective was to examine the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (dcad) on performance and acid-base status of cows postpartum. sixteen holstein and 8 jersey multiparous cows were used immediately after calving to compare 2 dcad [22 or 47 milliequivalents (na + k - cl - s)/100 g of dry matter (dm)] in a completely randomized design. the corn silage-based diets were formulated to contain 19.0% crude protein, 25.4% neutral detergent fiber, 15.0% acid detergent fiber, and 1.69 mcal of net ... | 2007 | 17582122 |
| altering physically effective fiber intake through forage proportion and particle length: digestion and milk production. | intake of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (pendf) of dairy cows was altered by adjusting the proportion of forage in the diet and forage particle length, and effects on nutrient intake, site and extent of digestion, microbial n synthesis, and milk production were measured. the experiment was designed as a triplicated 4 x 4 latin square using 12 lactating dairy cows, with 4 that were ruminally and duodenally cannulated, 4 that were ruminally cannulated, and 4 that were intact. thus, ... | 2007 | 17582126 |
| inhibition of the catalase activity from phaseolus vulgaris and medicago sativa by sodium chloride. | changes in catalase activity during the development of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis as well as its response in salinized plants of phaseolus vulgaris and medicago sativa, was studied. besides, it was examined the behavior of the enzyme, isolated from leaves and root nodules, during in vitro incubation with nacl doses. nodule catalase activities of both legumes were assayed with several enzyme inhibitors and also purified. leaf catalase activity of phaseolus vulgaris and medicago sativa decreas ... | 2007 | 17583521 |
| in vitro anaerobic incubation of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and laying hen cecal bacteria in poultry feed substrates and a fructooligosaccharide prebiotic. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of combining a prebiotic with poultry feeds on the growth of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (st) in an in vitro cecal fermentation system. cecal contents from three laying hens were pooled and diluted to a 1:3000 concentration in an anaerobic dilution solution. the cecal dilution was added to sterile test tubes filled with alfalfa and layer ration with and without fructooligosaccharide (fos). two controls containing cecal diluti ... | 2007 | 17588782 |
| biosynthesis of 5-deoxyflavanones in microorganisms. | flavanones are the common precursors of plant polyphenolic compounds collectively known as flavonoids. leguminous plants have evolved a distinct class of flavanone molecules, known as 5-deoxyflavanones that play important roles in their symbiotic interactions. a four-step metabolic circuit was constructed in escherichia coli with plant genes from heterologous origins: 4-coumarate:coenzyme a ligase from petroselinum crispum, chalcone synthases (chs) from medicago sativa and petunia x hybrida and ... | 2007 | 17806100 |
| ghrelin differentially modulates glucose-induced insulin secretion according to feeding status in sheep. | the present study was conducted to investigate roles of ghrelin in glucose-induced insulin secretion in fasting- and meal-fed state in sheep. castrated suffolk rams were fed a maintenance diet of alfalfa hay cubes once a day. hyperglycemic clamp (hgc) was carried out to examine glucose-induced insulin response from 48 to 53 h (fasting state) and from 3 to 8 h (meal-fed state) after feeding in experiment 1 and 2 respectively. total dose of 70 nmol/kg body weight of d-lys3-ghrp6, a gh secretagogue ... | 2007 | 17761901 |
| [effects of ca2+ on acid tolerance of medicago sativa and rhizobium meliloti]. | soil acidity is an important environmental factor hampering the effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobium meliloti and its host plant medicag sativa. the study on the effects of ca2 + on the acid tolerance of m. sativa and r. meliloti showed that applying 5 and 10 mmol . l(-1) of ca2+ could promote the growth of r. meliloti and advance its log growth phase. under neutral ph condition, applying ca2+ didn't have any significant effects on root hair deformation, while under low ph conditio ... | 2007 | 17763721 |
| photosensitisation in sheep grazing alfalfa infested with aphids and ladybirds. | 2007 | 17766813 | |
| rhizobium cellulosilyticum sp. nov., isolated from sawdust of populus alba. | during a study of polysaccharide-hydrolysing bacteria present in different plant sources, two strains were isolated from pulverized decaying wood of populus alba and classified in the genus rhizobium on basis of their almost complete 16s rrna gene sequences. their closest phylogenetic relatives were rhizobium galegae usda 4128(t) and rhizobium huautlense s02(t), with 98.2 and 98.1 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, respectively. reca and atpd sequence analysis showed that these species have le ... | 2007 | 17392217 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein bridges rna and rna-dependent rna polymerase in vitro. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna replication requires the viral coat protein (cp). amv cp is an integral component of the viral replicase; moreover, it binds to the viral rna 3'-termini and induces the formation of multiple new base pairs that organize the rna conformation. the results described here suggest that amv coat protein binding defines template selection by organizing the 3'-terminal rna conformation and by positioning the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) at the initiation site for mi ... | 2007 | 17400272 |
| daily dry matter intake to sustain body weight of mature, nonlactating, nonpregnant cows. | to quantify the relationship between dm consumption, the ability to sustain bw per unit of dmi (bw stasis), and days to reach bw equilibrium among diverse cattle breeds, weekly individual cow bw and dmi data were recorded for mature, nonpregnant, and nonlactating cows sampled from angus, braunvieh, charolais, hereford, gelbvieh, limousin, pinzgauer, red poll, and simmental breeds. within each breed, cows were assigned to receive 1 of 4 daily dm allowances (56, 76, 93, or 111 g.bw(-0.75, kg)) of ... | 2007 | 17400974 |
| fermentation quality and nutritive value of a total mixed ration silage containing coffee grounds at ten or twenty percent of dry matter. | six wethers were used in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square to study the fermentation quality and nutritive value of total mixed ration (tmr) silages that included wet coffee grounds (wcg). the tmr were prepared using a commercial compound feed, timothy hay, alfalfa hay, dried beet pulp, and a vitamin-mineral supplement in a ratio of 36.5:30:20:12:1.5, respectively, on a dm basis, with timothy hay and alfalfa hay being replaced by wcg at 0, 10, or 20%. all tmr silages, irrespective of wcg addition, ... | 2007 | 17145973 |
| optimized expression vector for ion channel studies in xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells using alfalfa mosaic virus. | plasmid vectors used for mammalian expression or for in vitro crna translation can differ substantially and are rarely cross-compatible. to make comparisons between mammalian and xenopus oocyte expression systems, it would be advantageous to use a single vector without the need for shuttle vectors or subcloning. we have designed such a vector, designated puniv for universal, with elements that will allow for in vitro or ex vivo expression in multiple cell types. we tested the expression of puniv ... | 2007 | 17146677 |
| uptake of microcystins-lr and -lf (cyanobacterial toxins) in seedlings of several important agricultural plant species and the correlation with cellular damage (lipid peroxidation). | plants used for agriculture may come into contact with cyanobacterial toxins via spray irrigation when surface water bodies containing cyanobacteria are used as the water source. as many of the bloom forming cyanobacteria are known to produce a variety of toxins, the possibility of uptake of toxins in these plants seems possible. with this study the uptake of two microcystins (mc-lr and mc-lf) as well as mc-lr within a cyanobacterial crude extract in several important agricultural plants is pres ... | 2007 | 17607734 |
| a dose-response study relating the concentration of carotenoid pigments in blood and reflectance spectrum characteristics of fat to carotenoid intake level in sheep. | this study was conducted to describe the dose-response curve relating the concentration of carotenoid pigments in plasma and reflectance spectrum characteristics of fat to the carotenoid intake level in sheep, and to investigate the extent to which incorporation of dehydrated alfalfa in the diet affects the reliability of the discrimination between concentrate-fed and pasture-fed lambs based on these measurements. in exp. 1, 6 treatments were compared in individually penned lambs: feeding 0, 250 ... | 2007 | 17609467 |
| effects of steroidal implantation and ractopamine-hcl on nitrogen retention, blood metabolites and skeletal muscle gene expression in holstein steers. | six holstein steers (231 +/- 17 kg) housed in metabolism crates were used in a randomized complete block design with three blocks of two steers based on previous serum insulin-like growth factor (igf)-i concentrations. one of the two steers in each block was implanted with 120 mg trenbolone acetate and 24 mg oestradiol-17beta on day 0. none of the steers was fed ractopamine-hcl in the initial 28 days, and then all steers were fed 200 mg of ractopamine-hcl per steer daily from day 28 until the en ... | 2007 | 17845252 |
| effect of diet on the metabolic profile of ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus). | in order to study the metabolic profile of ostriches in relation to diet, 40 animals of both sexes were divided equally into two groups and fed two diets ad libitum consisting, on a dry matter basis, of the same commercial concentrate (60%) for the two groups and of corn silage (group a) or alfalfa hay (group b). in the morning, after about 12 h of fasting, blood was collected from the wing vein. the following haematological parameters were determined with an automatic system (ektachem 250 analy ... | 2007 | 17847821 |
| the role of cellulose and o-antigen capsule in the colonization of plants by salmonella enterica. | numerous salmonellosis outbreaks have been associated with vegetables, in particular sprouted seed. thin aggregative fimbriae (tafi), a component of the extracellular matrix responsible for multicellular behavior, are important for salmonella enterica attachment and colonization of plants. here, we demonstrate that the other surface polymers composing the extracellular matrix, cellulose, and o-antigen capsule also play a role in colonization of plants. mutations in bacterial cellulose synthesis ... | 2007 | 17849711 |
| glucosylceramide synthase is essential for alfalfa defensin-mediated growth inhibition but not for pathogenicity of fusarium graminearum. | antifungal defensins, msdef1 and mtdef4, from medicago spp., inhibit the growth of a fungal pathogen, fusarium graminearum, at micromolar concentrations. however, molecular mechanisms by which they inhibit the growth of this fungus are not known. we have characterized a functional role of the fungal sphingolipid glucosylceramide in regulating sensitivity of the fungus to msdef1 and mtdef4. a null mutation of the fggcs1 gene encoding glucosylceramide synthase results in a mutant lacking glucosylc ... | 2007 | 17908205 |
| molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. ii. fermentation and microbial ecology response. | the objective of this study was to examine microbial population shifts and short-chain fatty acid (scfa) responses in the gastrointestinal tract of salmonella enteritidis-challenged molted and nonmolted hens fed different dietary regimens. fifteen salmonella-free single comb leghorn hens (>50 wk old) were assigned to 3 treatment groups of 5 birds each based on diet in 2 trials: 100% alfalfa crumbles (alc), full-fed (ff, nonmolted) 100% commercial layer ration, and feed withdrawal (fw). a forced ... | 2007 | 17878438 |
| the cultivation bias: different communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi detected in roots from the field, from bait plants transplanted to the field, and from a greenhouse trap experiment. | the community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) was investigated in roots of four different plant species (inula salicina, medicago sativa, origanum vulgare, and bromus erectus) sampled in (1) a plant species-rich calcareous grassland, (2) a bait plant bioassay conducted directly in that grassland, and (3) a greenhouse trap experiment using soil and a transplanted whole plant from that grassland as inoculum. roots were analyzed by amf-specific nested polymerase chain reaction, re ... | 2007 | 17879101 |
| effects of corn silage derived from a genetically modified variety containing two transgenes on feed intake, milk production, and composition, and the absence of detectable transgenic deoxyribonucleic acid in milk in holstein dairy cows. | the objectives were to compare the chemical composition, nutritive value, feed intake, milk production and composition, and presence in milk of transgenic dna and the encoded protein cry1ab when corn silages containing 2 transgenes (2gm: herbicide tolerance: mepsps and insect resistance: cry1ab) were fed as part of a standard total mixed ration (tmr) compared with a near isogenic corn silage (c) to 8 multiparous lactating holstein dairy cows in a single reversal design study. cows were fed a tmr ... | 2007 | 17881694 |
| the effect of feeding a dry enzyme mixture with fibrolytic activity on the performance of lactating cows and digestibility of a diet for sheep. | a dry enzyme mixture was added to the diets of lactating cows and growing lambs to evaluate its ability to improve milk production and nutrient digestibility, respectively. the enzyme mixture contained xylanase and cellulase activity over a broad range of ph (tested from 4 to 7). twenty-four lactating cows between 50 and 150 d in milk and averaging about 40 kg of milk/ d were fed a total mixed ration (tmr) consisting of 26% [dry matter (dm) basis] corn silage, 17% alfalfa silage, 7% chopped alfa ... | 2007 | 17881695 |
| milk conjugated linoleic acid response to fish oil and sunflower oil supplementation to dairy cows managed under two feeding systems. | earlier research showed that conjugated linoleic acid (cla) content in milk fat is highest when cows' diets are supplemented with a blend of fish oil (fo) and linoleic acid-rich oils. the objective of this study was to compare the effect of fo and sunflower oil (sfo) supplementation on milk cis-9, trans-11 cla when dairy cows managed on pasture or in confinement. fourteen holstein cows were assigned into 2 treatment groups: cows grazed on alfalfa-grass pasture (pas) or were fed corn silage-alfal ... | 2007 | 17881699 |
| effect of alfalfa silage storage structure and roasting corn on production and ruminal metabolism of lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine if feeding roasted corn would improve production and nutrient utilization when supplemented to lactating cows fed 1 of 3 different alfalfa silages (as). forty-two lactating holstein cows (6 fitted with ruminal cannulas) averaging 77 d in milk and 43 kg of milk/d pretrial were assigned to 2 cyclic changeover designs. treatments were as ensiled in bag, bunker, or o2-limiting tower silos and supplemented with ground shelled corn (gsc) or roasted gsc (rgs ... | 2007 | 17881702 |
| genetic and physical localization of an anthracnose resistance gene in medicago truncatula. | anthracnose of alfalfa, caused by the fungal pathogen colletotrichum trifolii, is one of the most destructive diseases of alfalfa worldwide. an improved understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance will facilitate the development of resistant alfalfa cultivars, thus providing the most efficient and environmentally sound strategy to control alfalfa diseases. unfortunately, cultivated alfalfa has an intractable genetic system because of its tetrasomic inheritanc ... | 2007 | 17891371 |
| predicting perchlorate exposure in milk from concentrations in dairy feed. | perchlorate has been detected in u.s. milk samples from many different states. applying data from a recently reported 9-week experiment in which 16 holstein dairy cows were administered perchlorate allowed us to derive an equation for the dose-response relationship between perchlorate concentrations in feed/drinking water and its appearance in milk. examination of background concentrations of perchlorate in the total mixed ration (tmr) fed in addition to the variable dose supplied to treated cow ... | 2007 | 17892259 |
| quality of silages from italian farms as attested by number and identity of microbial indicators. | this study evaluated the quality and possible hygiene risks related to farm-made silages by analysing the presence and number of micro-organisms that influence the preservation and safety in samples from four italian regions. | 2007 | 17953581 |
| inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: fermentation products and nutritive value. | the effect of 14 microbial inoculants on the fermentation and nutritive value of alfalfa silages was studied under laboratory conditions. the first cut (477 g of dry matter/kg) and second cut (393 g of dry matter/kg) of a second-year alfalfa stand were ensiled in 2 trials. in both trials alfalfa was harvested with standard field equipment. all inoculants were applied at 1.0 x 10(6) cfu/g of crop. uninoculated silages served as controls. after inoculants were added, the chopped forages were ensil ... | 2007 | 17954751 |
| effect of application of ammonium chloride and calcium chloride on alfalfa cation-anion content and yield. | a major factor predisposing the cow to periparturient hypocalcemia, or milk fever, is being fed a prepartum ration with a high dietary cation-anion difference (dcad). the dcad can be favorably altered to prevent milk fever by decreasing k and na or increasing cl and s in forages for cows in late gestation. the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that application of cl to alfalfa could increase cl in forage, thereby lowering dcad. we conducted a field experiment at 2 iowa locations ... | 2007 | 17954756 |
| fibrolytic enzymes to increase the nutritive value of dairy feedstuffs. | in vitro studies and a lactation trial were conducted to investigate the effects of fibrolytic enzyme mixtures at different inclusion amounts. seven enzymes in amounts designed to mimic addition of 1, 5, 15, or 30 g/d to dairy diets were incubated in vitro with either soybean hulls or alfalfa for 24 or 48 h. enzyme treatments generally increased in vitro dry matter disappearance (ivdmd), but not volatile fatty acid production. for some enzyme mixtures, lesser amounts of enzymes led to greater in ... | 2007 | 17954763 |
| h2o2 is required for optimal establishment of the medicago sativa/sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis. | the symbiotic interaction between medicago sativa and sinorhizobium meliloti rmkatb(++) overexpressing the housekeeping catalase katb is delayed, and this delay is combined with an enlargement of infection threads. this result provides evidence that h(2)o(2) is required for optimal progression of infection threads through the root hairs and plant cell layers. | 2007 | 17921312 |
| food as a vehicle for transmission of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli. | contaminated food continues to be the principal vehicle for transmission of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) to humans. a large number of foods, including those associated with outbreaks (alfalfa sprouts, fresh produce, beef, and unpasteurized juices), have been the focus of intensive research studies in the past few years (2003 to 2006) to assess the prevalence and identify effective intervention and inactivation treatments for these pathogens. recent anal ... | 2007 | 17969631 |
| method for determining molar concentrations of metabolites in complex solutions from two-dimensional 1h-13c nmr spectra. | one-dimensional (1d) (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy is used extensively for high-throughput analysis of metabolites in biological fluids and tissue extracts. typically, such spectra are treated as multivariate statistical objects rather than as collections of quantifiable metabolites. we report here a two-dimensional (2d) (1)h-(13)c nmr strategy (fast metabolite quantification, fmq, by nmr) for identifying and quantifying the approximately 40 most abundant metabolites in biol ... | 2007 | 17985927 |
| outbreak of salmonella stanley in sweden associated with alfalfa sprouts, july-august 2007. | 2007 | 17997915 | |
| dried distillers grains plus solubles with corn silage or alfalfa hay as the primary forage source in dairy cow diets. | nine multiparous (250 +/- 6 d in milk) and 3 primiparous (204 +/- 6 d in milk) holstein cows were utilized in a 3 x 3 latin square design to evaluate the lactation performance of cows fed a diet containing dried distillers grains plus solubles (ddgs) with either corn silage or alfalfa hay as forage. cows were fed total mixed diets containing corn silage (cs), 50% corn silage and 50% alfalfa hay (csah), or alfalfa hay (ah) as the forage source. all diets had a 50:50 forage-to-concentrate ratio, c ... | 2007 | 18024751 |
| variations in carotenoids, vitamins a and e, and color in cow's plasma and milk following a shift from hay diet to diets containing increasing levels of carotenoids and vitamin e. | this experiment was conducted to determine the variations in carotenoid, vitamins a and e concentrations, and color in the plasma and milk of dairy cows following a shift from a hay diet to diets containing increasing levels of carotenoids and vitamin e. this study was performed on 32 multiparous montbéliarde dairy cows in midlactation. after a 6-wk preexperimental period on a diet based on hay and concentrates, the cows were allocated to 4 homogeneous groups, and thereafter fed for 6 wk on isoe ... | 2007 | 18024757 |
| effects of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria applied as a freeze-dried or fresh culture on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. | alfalfa (approximately 31% dm) was untreated or treated with a silage inoculant containing the lactic acid bacteria lactobacillus lactis, lactobacillus plantarum l-54, and l. plantarum aber f1. the inoculant was added at a normal and a high dose as a freeze-dried powder that had been mixed with water just prior to application, or it was grown with nutrients the day before and added as a fresh culture. the actual application rate of lactic acid bacteria was 1.19 x 10(5) for the normal dose, 4.30 ... | 2007 | 18024762 |
| molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. iii. blood plasma metabolite response. | the objective of this study was to examine an alfalfa crumble diet as an alternative molt diet and compare the physiological response of hens to the responses of feed-deprived molted hens. hens >50 wk old were placed into 6 treatment groups (12 hens per group in trial 1 and 10 hens per group in trial 2): nonmolted salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis positive (ff+), nonmolted salmonella enteritidis negative (ff-), feed withdrawal salmonella enteritidis positive (fw+), fw salmonella enteritidi ... | 2007 | 18029794 |
| molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. iv. immune and stress protein response. | immunological responses of molting hens either infected or not infected with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis were compared in 2 trials with single comb white leghorn hens >50 wk old. the hens were placed into 6 treatment groups with 12 hens per group: nonmolted salmonella enteritidis positive (ff+), non-molted salmonella enteritidis negative (ff-), feed withdrawal salmonella enteritidis positive (fw+), fw salmonella enteritidis negative (fw-), alfalfa salmonella enteritidis positive (alc ... | 2007 | 18029795 |
| genetic characterization of fast-growing rhizobia able to nodulate prosopis alba in north spain. | prosopis is a mimosaceae legume tree indigenous to south america and not naturalized in europe. in this work 18 rhizobial strains nodulating prosopis alba roots were isolated from a soil in north spain that belong to eight different randomly amplified polymorphic dna groups phylogenetically related to sinorhizobium medicae, sinorhizobium meliloti and rhizobium giardinii according to their intergenic spacer and 16s rrna gene sequences. the nodc genes of isolates close to s. medicae and s. melilot ... | 2007 | 18031342 |
| [water potential productivity and soil desiccation effect of alfalfa grasslands in different type arid areas of loess plateau: a simulation study]. | based on model validation and database establishment, the dynamic changes of water potential productivity, available water amount in 0-10 m soil layer, and moisture distribution in soil profiles on the alfalfa grasslands at changwu of semi-humid area, guyuan of semi-arid area, and haiyuan of semi-arid prone drought area on loess plateau were simulated with winepic model in a 20-30 years period. the results showed that the simulated water potential productivity of alfalfa grasslands at changwu, g ... | 2007 | 18260441 |
| batch fermentations on synthetic mixed sugar and starch medium with amylolytic lactic acid bacteria. | the green crop drying industry in denmark uses italian rye grass, clover, and alfalfa as raw materials for the production of green pellets. the green crop drying industry solves its energy economical problems by heating and pressing of the green crop before drying. the produced sidestream is called brown juice. brown juice was shown to be an excellent medium for lactic acid fermentation. the aim of this study was to investigate the utilisation of brown juice in the production of polylactic acid, ... | 2007 | 17109171 |
| malic enzyme cofactor and domain requirements for symbiotic n2 fixation by sinorhizobium meliloti. | the nad(+)-dependent malic enzyme (dme) and the nadp(+)-dependent malic enzyme (tme) of sinorhizobium meliloti are representatives of a distinct class of malic enzymes that contain a 440-amino-acid n-terminal region homologous to other malic enzymes and a 330-amino-acid c-terminal region with similarity to phosphotransacetylase enzymes (pta). we have shown previously that dme mutants of s. meliloti fail to fix n(2) (fix(-)) in alfalfa root nodules, whereas tme mutants are unimpaired in their n(2 ... | 2007 | 17071765 |
| elevated atmospheric co2 and strain of rhizobium alter freezing tolerance and cold-induced molecular changes in alfalfa (medicago sativa). | the objective of the study was to assess the impact of elevated co2 in interaction with rhizobial strains on freezing tolerance and cold-induced molecular changes in alfalfa. | 2007 | 17218341 |
| plant-microbe association for rhizoremediation of chloronitroaromatic pollutants with comamonas sp. strain cnb-1. | comamonas sp. strain cnb-1, isolated from activated sludge and having a strong ability to degrade 4-chloronitrobenzene (4cnb), was applied for rhizoremediation of 4cnb-polluted soil through association with alfalfa. confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that strain cnb-1 successfully colonized alfalfa roots. determination of strain cnb-1 populations by cultivation method and by quantitative competitive pcr technique targeting the chloronitrobenzene nitroreductase gene showed that the popul ... | 2007 | 17222144 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti exor protein is required for the downregulation of lpss transcription and succinoglycan biosynthesis in response to divalent cations. | the sinorhizobium meliloti lpss gene encodes a sulfotransferase that modifies lipopolysaccharide. mutants lacking lpss display no defect in lipopolysaccharide sulfation when assayed under laboratory conditions, but exhibit an abnormal symbiosis with alfalfa. these results suggest that lpss is transcriptionally repressed under laboratory conditions, but upregulated during symbiosis. here, it is shown that lpss, as well as exo genes required for the biosynthesis of succinoglycan, are transcription ... | 2007 | 17233674 |
| milk from forage as affected by rumen degradable protein and corn grinding when feeding corn- and alfalfa silage-based diets. | to increase the production of milk from forage (mf), a previous experiment with alfalfa silage showed the importance of a complementary combination of concentrates and forages offered. when corn silage is fed with alfalfa, increasing the rumen degradable protein (rdp) content in the diet should allow a better utilization of forage energy. to evaluate this hypothesis, 8 multiparous holstein cows in early lactation were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 3-wk periods. diets were f ... | 2007 | 17235159 |
| effects of essential oils on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows fed alfalfa silage or corn silage. | four holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design (28-d periods) with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to investigate the effects of addition of a specific mixture of essential oil compounds (meo; 0 vs. 750 mg/d) and silage source [alfalfa silage (as) vs. corn silage (cs)] on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition. total mixed rations containing either as or cs as the sole forage source ... | 2007 | 17235165 |
| the symbiosis regulator cbra modulates a complex regulatory network affecting the flagellar apparatus and cell envelope proteins. | sinorhizobium meliloti participates in a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legume plant host species of the genera medicago, melilotus, and trigonella. we recently identified an s. meliloti two-component sensory histidine kinase, cbra, which is absolutely required to establish a successful symbiosis with medicago sativa (k. e. gibson, g. r. campbell, j. lloret, and g. c. walker, j. bacteriol. 188:4508-4521, 2006). in addition to having a symbiotic defect, the cbra::tn5 mutant also has free-living p ... | 2007 | 17237174 |
| combination of a urease inhibitor and a plant essential oil to control coliform bacteria, odour production and ammonia loss from cattle waste. | to evaluate urea hydrolysis, volatile fatty acid (vfa) production (odour) and coliforms in cattle waste slurries after a urease inhibitor n-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (nbpt) and a plant oil component (thymol) were added. | 2007 | 17241353 |
| effects of a dietary aspergillus oryzae extract containing alpha-amylase activity on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle. | three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of an aspergillus oryzae extract containing alpha-amylase activity on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle. in exp. 1, 120 crossbred steers were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of roughage source (alfalfa hay vs. cottonseed hulls) and supplemental alpha-amylase at 950 dextrinizing units (du)/kg of dm. significant roughage source x alpha-amylase interactions (p < 0.05) were obser ... | 2007 | 17121970 |
| immunological evaluation of sw-hsa conjugate on goats. | locoweeds cause significant livestock poisoning and economic loss all over the world. the purpose of this study was to investigate the immune effects of locoweed toxin, swainsonine (sw) and human serum albumin (hsa) conjugate (sw-hsa), on goats. twenty-four sannon goats were randomly separated into immune control group (eight goats), immune poisoning group i (six goats), immune poisoning group ii (six goats) and poisoning control group (four goats). immune control group, immune poisoning groups ... | 2007 | 17126535 |
| identification of novel sinorhizobium meliloti mutants compromised for oxidative stress protection and symbiosis. | employing a novel two-part screen, we identified sinorhizobium meliloti mutants that were both sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and symbiotically defective on the host plant medicago sativa. the mutations affect a wide variety of cellular processes and represent both novel and previously identified genes important in symbiosis. | 2007 | 17172326 |
| disruption of sita compromises sinorhizobium meliloti for manganese uptake required for protection against oxidative stress. | during the initial stages of symbiosis with the host plant medicago sativa, sinorhizobium meliloti must overcome an oxidative burst produced by the plant in order for proper symbiotic development to continue. while identifying mutants defective in symbiosis and oxidative stress defense, we isolated a mutant with a transposon insertion mutation of sita, which encodes the periplasmic binding protein of the putative iron/manganese abc transporter sitabcd. disruption of sita causes elevated sensitiv ... | 2007 | 17172335 |
| effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on the production of lactating dairy cows. | in trial 1, 15 holsteins were fed 3 total mixed rations (tmr) with 33% neutral detergent fiber in 3 x 3 latin squares (28-d periods). two tmr contained (dry matter basis): 40% control alfalfa silage (cas) or 40% ammonium tetraformate-treated alfalfa silage (tas), 20% corn silage (cs), 33% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 6% solvent soybean meal (ssbm), and 18% crude protein (cp); the third tmr contained 54% red clover silage (rcs), 6% dried molasses, 33% hmsc, 6% ssbm, and 16.3% cp. silages di ... | 2007 | 17297112 |
| effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on omasal nutrient flow and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to quantify effects of nonprotein n (npn) content of alfalfa silage (as) and red clover silage (rcs) on omasal nutrient flows. diets, fed as total mixed rations, contained 50% dry matter from control as (cas), ammonium tetraformate-treated as (tas), late maturity rcs (rcs1), or early maturity rcs (rcs2). silages differed in npn a ... | 2007 | 17297113 |
| kinetics of fatty acid biohydrogenation in vitro. | biohydrogenation (bh) of fatty acids (fa) from fresh alfalfa and alfalfa hay with varying levels of supplemental sucrose and media ph was evaluated in vitro. a multicompartmental model was then developed to estimate pool size and flux of vaccenic acid (va) during bh of fa in fresh alfalfa. to vary incubation ph, alfalfa samples were inoculated with rumen fluid in 2 media differing in molarity of the bicarbonate buffer. samples were incubated for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 h; ph was measured and ... | 2007 | 17297114 |
| use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to enhance in vitro fermentation of alfalfa hay and corn silage. | two in vitro experiments were performed to identify promising exogenous fibrolytic enzyme products (efe) and optimum dose rates (dr) for improving the degradation of alfalfa hay and corn silage. the relationship between enzymatic activity and fermentation responses was examined to identify optimum formulations. in experiment 1, 5 efe containing mainly endoglucanase and xylanase activities, with different ratios between the 2 activities, were assessed at a dr of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 mg/g of dm forag ... | 2007 | 17297117 |
| identification and characterization of a nodh ortholog from the alfalfa-nodulating or191-like rhizobia. | nodulation of medicago sativa (alfalfa) is known to be restricted to sinorhizobium meliloti and a few other rhizobia that include the poorly characterized isolates related to rhizobium sp. strain or191. distinctive features of the symbiosis between alfalfa and s. meliloti are the marked specificity from the plant to the bacteria and the strict requirement for the presence of sulfated lipochitooligosaccharides (nod factors [nfs]) at its reducing end. here, we present evidence of the presence of a ... | 2007 | 17313165 |
| dissipation of 2,4-d in soils of the humid pampa region, argentina: a microcosm study. | phenoxy herbicides like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) are widely used in agricultural practices. although its half life in soil is 7-14d, the herbicide itself and its first metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) could remain in the soil for longer periods, as a consequence of its intensive use. microcosms assays were conducted to study the influence of indigenous microflora and plants (alfalfa) on the dissipation of 2,4-d from soils of the humid pampa region, argentina, with previous h ... | 2007 | 17316752 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti psymb carries genes necessary for arabinose transport and catabolism. | arabinose is a known component of plant cell walls and is found in the rhizosphere. in this work, a previously undeleted region of the megaplasmid psymb was identified as encoding genes necessary for arabinose catabolism, by tn5-b20 random mutagenesis and subsequent complementation. transcription of this region was measured by beta-galactosidase assays of tn5-b20 fusions, and shown to be strongly inducible by arabinose, and moderately so by galactose and seed exudate. accumulation of [(3)h]arabi ... | 2007 | 17322193 |
| non-antibiotic, efficient selection for alfalfa genetic engineering. | a selectable marker gene (smg), usually conferring resistance to an antibiotic or herbicide, is generally introduced into the plant cells with the gene(s) for the trait of interest to allow only the cells that have integrated and express the foreign sequences to regenerate into a plant. the availability of several smgs for each plant species is useful for both basic and applied research to combine several genes of interest in the same plant. a selection system based on gabaculine (3-amino-2,3-di ... | 2007 | 17333020 |
| effects of diet quality on phenotypic flexibility of organ size and digestive function in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). | in the context of evolution and ecology, there is a trade-off between the benefits of processing food through a digestive system with specific phenotypic attributes and the cost of maintaining and carrying the digestive system. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that digestive modulations at several levels can match each other to meet the energy and nutrient demands of mongolian gerbils, a small granivorous rodent species, by acclimating them to a high-quality diet diluted with alfalfa powd ... | 2007 | 17333208 |
| a proteasome-regulated glycogen synthase kinase-3 modulates disease response in plants. | glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3) is a key player in various important signaling pathways in animals. the activity of gsk-3 is known to be modulated by protein phosphorylation and differential complex formation. however, little information is available regarding the function and regulation of plant gsk-3/shaggy-like kinases (gsks). analysis of the in vivo kinase activity of msk1, a gsk from medicago sativa, revealed that msk1 is active in healthy plants and that msk1 activity is down-regulated ... | 2007 | 17179144 |
| effect of substitution of a soybean hull and grape seed meal mixture for traditional fiber sources on digestion and performance of growing rabbits and lactating does. | the aim of this work was to determine what concentration of a mixture of soybean hulls and defatted grape seed meal (shdg) could be included in diets that meet or exceed adl and particle size requirements for rabbits. four isonitrogenous and isofibrous pelleted diets were formulated, with similar adl concentration and particle size (18.3% cp, 42.6% ndf, 7.1% adl, and 34.9% of particles larger than 0.315 mm, on a dm basis). diets contained a constant ratio of soybean hulls:defatted grape seed mea ... | 2007 | 17179554 |
| technical note: a system for continuous recording of ruminal ph in cattle. | continuous recording of ruminal ph in cannulated cattle has been practiced to study rumen metabolism. however, most systems reported did not permit animal mobility during ph recording. therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a continuous rumen ph data acquisition system that permitted animal mobility during data acquisition. a further objective was to compare the ph readings obtained using the continuous recording system to readings obtained at the same time using spot sampling. th ... | 2007 | 17179558 |
| engineering of a sialic acid synthesis pathway in transgenic plants by expression of bacterial neu5ac-synthesizing enzymes. | plants are a low-cost and contamination-free factory for the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. however, plant-made pharmaceuticals differ from their mammalian homologues by the structure of their n-linked glycans. for instance, most mammalian glycoproteins harbour terminal sialic acids that control their half-life in the bloodstream. the absence of the whole sialylation machinery in plants is of major concern as non-sialylated plant-made pharmaceuticals may not perform at their ... | 2007 | 17207253 |
| solid-state cultures of fusarium oxysporum transform aromatic components of olive-mill dry residue and reduce its phytotoxicity. | the present study mainly investigated the ability of solid-state cultures of the non-pathogenic fusarium oxysporum strain bafc 738 to transform aromatic components to reduce the phytotoxicity in olive-mill dry residue (dor), the waste from the two-phase manufacturing process. lignin, hemicellulose, fats and water-soluble extractives contents of dor colonized by the fungus for 20 weeks were reduced by 16%, 25%, 71% and 13%, respectively, while the cellulose content increased by 25%. in addition, ... | 2007 | 17207620 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti syra mediates the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lipopolysaccharide sulfation and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a gram-negative soil bacterium found either in free-living form or as a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont of leguminous plants such as medicago sativa (alfalfa). s. meliloti synthesizes an unusual sulfate-modified form of lipopolysaccharide (lps). a recent study reported the identification of a gene, lpss, which encodes an lps sulfotransferase activity in s. meliloti. mutants bearing a disrupted version of lpss exhibit an altered symbiosis, in that they elicit more nodules t ... | 2007 | 17209018 |
| resuscitation of viable but not culturable sinorhizobium meliloti 41 prp4-luc: effects of oxygen and host plant. | a plasmid-borne, firefly-derived, luciferase gene (luc) was inserted and stably inherited in sinorhizobium meliloti 41 as a reporter gene. the strain obtained, s. meliloti 41/prp4-luc, and its parental strain served as a model system for viable but not culturable (vbnc) resuscitation experiments in both in vitro and soil samples. incubation under oxygen (02) concentrations varying from 1% to atmospheric levels did not result in resuscitation. a demonstration of recovery was attained through expo ... | 2007 | 17253091 |
| a sinorhizobium meliloti mine mutant has an altered morphology and exhibits defects in legume symbiosis. | sinorhizobium meliloti differentiates from rod-shaped, free-living cells into pleomorphic, non-dividing, n(2)-fixing bacteroids within alfalfa root nodules. here, the role of the mincde genes in bacteroid differentiation and in free-living cell division is examined. disruption of the mine gene resulted in large, swollen and branched free-living cells, and in symbiosis a mine mutation resulted in a defect in nitrogen fixation with activity reduced by approximately 70 % compared to the wild-type. ... | 2007 | 17259609 |
| roles of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) and glycogen in symbiosis of sinorhizobium meliloti with medicago sp. | poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) and glycogen are major carbon storage compounds in sinorhizobium meliloti. the roles of phb and glycogen in rhizobia-legume symbiosis are not fully understood. glycogen synthase mutations were constructed by in-frame deletion (glga1) or insertion (glga2). these mutations were combined with a phbc mutation to make all combinations of double and triple mutants. phb was not detectable in any of the mutants containing the phbc mutation; glycogen was not detectable in any ... | 2007 | 17259610 |
| us courts thwart gm alfalfa and turf grass. | 2007 | 17420729 | |
| antiviral activity of oxidized polyamines. | polyamines, oxidized by serum amine oxidase, yield aminoaldehydes and hydrogen peroxide. acrolein may be formed from the aminoaldehydes by a spontaneous beta-elimination process. these oxidation products "oxidized polyamines" inhibit bacterial growth and exhibit anticancer activity. the antimicrobial activity of oxidized polyamines is not limited to bacteria; and the inactivation of bacterial viruses, plant viruses and animal viruses, was also reported. bacteriophages of the t-odd series are per ... | 2007 | 17429570 |
| effects of chop length of alfalfa and corn silage on milk production and rumen fermentation of dairy cows. | effects of chop length (shorter = 10 mm or longer = 19 mm) of alfalfa silage and corn silage were determined in 16 midlactation holstein cows using a 4 x 4 latin square design with a 2 x 2 arrangement of treatments. experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. cows received total mixed ration containing (dry matter basis) 44.0% barley grain-based energy supplement, 12.6% protein supplement, and 21.7% longer chop or shorter chop alfalfa silage and 2 ... | 2007 | 17430939 |
| estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed. | the objectives of this study were to expand the database and determine the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (drup) of common dairy feeds and to determine the effects of feeding 37.9% wet corn gluten feed on these estimates. two ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were assigned randomly to a crossover design with 4-wk periods. the mobile bag technique was used to determine rumen undegradable protein (rup), drup, total tract digestible protein, and total tract digestib ... | 2007 | 17430941 |
| control of gastrointestinal nematodes with copper oxide wire particles in a flock of lactating polypay ewes and offspring in iowa, usa. | copper oxide wire particles (cowp) have been used to reduce infection of haemonchus contortus in hair breed lambs in southeastern usa without signs of copper toxicity. however, copper sensitivity among breeds and regions varies. the objective was to determine the effectiveness and safety of cowp in lactating polypay ewes and their offspring grazing alfalfa/bluegrass pasture in a rotational grazing system. mature polypay ewes were administered 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 g (n=8 or 9/dose) cowp approximately ... | 2007 | 17433548 |
| comparison of in vitro fermentation and molecular microbial profiles of high-fiber feed substrates incubated with chicken cecal inocula. | high fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide-based poultry diets have received more interest recently for retaining or promoting beneficial gastrointestinal microbial populations. the objective of this study was to investigate and compare the in vitro potential fermentability of high-fiber feed substrates (hffs) by laying hen cecal microflora. feed sources examined included soybean meal, soybean hull, beet pulp, wheat middlings, ground sorghum, cottonseed meal, 100% alfalfa meal, 90% alfalfa + 10% co ... | 2007 | 17435012 |
| alfalfa living mulch advances biological control of soybean aphid. | despite evidence for biological control in north america, outbreaks of the invasive soybean aphid, aphis glycines matsumura (hemiptera: aphididae), continue to occur on soybean (glycine max l. merr.). our objectives were to determine whether natural enemies delay aphid establishment and limit subsequent population growth and whether biological control can be improved by altering the within-field habitat. we hypothesized that a living mulch would increase the abundance of the aphidophagous commun ... | 2007 | 17445377 |
| parasitic hymenoptera fauna on agromyzidae (diptera) colonizing weeds in ecological compensation areas in northern italian agroecosystems. | parasitoids (hymenoptera) associated with agromyzid leafminers (diptera: agromyzidae) were studied in three rural farms located in northern italy. the parasitoids were reared from mined foliage of weeds growing in field margins. we reared 998 hymenoptera specimens, representing five families, 23 genera, and 53 species, from leafminers infesting weeds. eulophidae was the most abundant family (67.64%), followed by braconidae (28.86%), eucoilinae (1.40%), tetracampidae (1.40%), and pteromalidae (0. ... | 2007 | 17461050 |