Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the effect of feeding a dry enzyme mixture with fibrolytic activity on the performance of lactating cows and digestibility of a diet for sheep. | a dry enzyme mixture was added to the diets of lactating cows and growing lambs to evaluate its ability to improve milk production and nutrient digestibility, respectively. the enzyme mixture contained xylanase and cellulase activity over a broad range of ph (tested from 4 to 7). twenty-four lactating cows between 50 and 150 d in milk and averaging about 40 kg of milk/ d were fed a total mixed ration (tmr) consisting of 26% [dry matter (dm) basis] corn silage, 17% alfalfa silage, 7% chopped alfa ... | 2007 | 17881695 |
| milk conjugated linoleic acid response to fish oil and sunflower oil supplementation to dairy cows managed under two feeding systems. | earlier research showed that conjugated linoleic acid (cla) content in milk fat is highest when cows' diets are supplemented with a blend of fish oil (fo) and linoleic acid-rich oils. the objective of this study was to compare the effect of fo and sunflower oil (sfo) supplementation on milk cis-9, trans-11 cla when dairy cows managed on pasture or in confinement. fourteen holstein cows were assigned into 2 treatment groups: cows grazed on alfalfa-grass pasture (pas) or were fed corn silage-alfal ... | 2007 | 17881699 |
| effect of alfalfa silage storage structure and roasting corn on production and ruminal metabolism of lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine if feeding roasted corn would improve production and nutrient utilization when supplemented to lactating cows fed 1 of 3 different alfalfa silages (as). forty-two lactating holstein cows (6 fitted with ruminal cannulas) averaging 77 d in milk and 43 kg of milk/d pretrial were assigned to 2 cyclic changeover designs. treatments were as ensiled in bag, bunker, or o2-limiting tower silos and supplemented with ground shelled corn (gsc) or roasted gsc (rgs ... | 2007 | 17881702 |
| genetic and physical localization of an anthracnose resistance gene in medicago truncatula. | anthracnose of alfalfa, caused by the fungal pathogen colletotrichum trifolii, is one of the most destructive diseases of alfalfa worldwide. an improved understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance will facilitate the development of resistant alfalfa cultivars, thus providing the most efficient and environmentally sound strategy to control alfalfa diseases. unfortunately, cultivated alfalfa has an intractable genetic system because of its tetrasomic inheritanc ... | 2007 | 17891371 |
| effect of diet on the metabolic profile of ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus). | in order to study the metabolic profile of ostriches in relation to diet, 40 animals of both sexes were divided equally into two groups and fed two diets ad libitum consisting, on a dry matter basis, of the same commercial concentrate (60%) for the two groups and of corn silage (group a) or alfalfa hay (group b). in the morning, after about 12 h of fasting, blood was collected from the wing vein. the following haematological parameters were determined with an automatic system (ektachem 250 analy ... | 2007 | 17847821 |
| the role of cellulose and o-antigen capsule in the colonization of plants by salmonella enterica. | numerous salmonellosis outbreaks have been associated with vegetables, in particular sprouted seed. thin aggregative fimbriae (tafi), a component of the extracellular matrix responsible for multicellular behavior, are important for salmonella enterica attachment and colonization of plants. here, we demonstrate that the other surface polymers composing the extracellular matrix, cellulose, and o-antigen capsule also play a role in colonization of plants. mutations in bacterial cellulose synthesis ... | 2007 | 17849711 |
| outbreak of salmonella stanley in sweden associated with alfalfa sprouts, july-august 2007. | 2007 | 17997915 | |
| outbreak of salmonella weltevreden infections in norway, denmark and finland associated with alfalfa sprouts, july-october 2007. | 2007 | 18053569 | |
| molt performance and bone density of cortical, medullary, and cancellous bone in laying hens during feed restriction or alfalfa-based feed molt. | a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of alfalfa-based molt diets on molting performance and bone qualities. a total of 36 single comb white leghorn hens were used for the study. there were 6 treatments: pretrial control (pc), fully fed (ff), feed withdrawal (fw), 90% alfalfa:10% layer ration (a90), 80% alfalfa:20% layer ration (a80), and 70% alfalfa:30% layer ration (a70). for the pc treatment, hens were euthanized by co(2) gas, and bones were collected before molt was initiated. at the ... | 2007 | 17704367 |
| food as a vehicle for transmission of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli. | contaminated food continues to be the principal vehicle for transmission of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) to humans. a large number of foods, including those associated with outbreaks (alfalfa sprouts, fresh produce, beef, and unpasteurized juices), have been the focus of intensive research studies in the past few years (2003 to 2006) to assess the prevalence and identify effective intervention and inactivation treatments for these pathogens. recent anal ... | 2007 | 17969631 |
| glucosylceramide synthase is essential for alfalfa defensin-mediated growth inhibition but not for pathogenicity of fusarium graminearum. | antifungal defensins, msdef1 and mtdef4, from medicago spp., inhibit the growth of a fungal pathogen, fusarium graminearum, at micromolar concentrations. however, molecular mechanisms by which they inhibit the growth of this fungus are not known. we have characterized a functional role of the fungal sphingolipid glucosylceramide in regulating sensitivity of the fungus to msdef1 and mtdef4. a null mutation of the fggcs1 gene encoding glucosylceramide synthase results in a mutant lacking glucosylc ... | 2007 | 17908205 |
| quality of silages from italian farms as attested by number and identity of microbial indicators. | this study evaluated the quality and possible hygiene risks related to farm-made silages by analysing the presence and number of micro-organisms that influence the preservation and safety in samples from four italian regions. | 2007 | 17953581 |
| inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: fermentation products and nutritive value. | the effect of 14 microbial inoculants on the fermentation and nutritive value of alfalfa silages was studied under laboratory conditions. the first cut (477 g of dry matter/kg) and second cut (393 g of dry matter/kg) of a second-year alfalfa stand were ensiled in 2 trials. in both trials alfalfa was harvested with standard field equipment. all inoculants were applied at 1.0 x 10(6) cfu/g of crop. uninoculated silages served as controls. after inoculants were added, the chopped forages were ensil ... | 2007 | 17954751 |
| effect of application of ammonium chloride and calcium chloride on alfalfa cation-anion content and yield. | a major factor predisposing the cow to periparturient hypocalcemia, or milk fever, is being fed a prepartum ration with a high dietary cation-anion difference (dcad). the dcad can be favorably altered to prevent milk fever by decreasing k and na or increasing cl and s in forages for cows in late gestation. the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that application of cl to alfalfa could increase cl in forage, thereby lowering dcad. we conducted a field experiment at 2 iowa locations ... | 2007 | 17954756 |
| fibrolytic enzymes to increase the nutritive value of dairy feedstuffs. | in vitro studies and a lactation trial were conducted to investigate the effects of fibrolytic enzyme mixtures at different inclusion amounts. seven enzymes in amounts designed to mimic addition of 1, 5, 15, or 30 g/d to dairy diets were incubated in vitro with either soybean hulls or alfalfa for 24 or 48 h. enzyme treatments generally increased in vitro dry matter disappearance (ivdmd), but not volatile fatty acid production. for some enzyme mixtures, lesser amounts of enzymes led to greater in ... | 2007 | 17954763 |
| method for determining molar concentrations of metabolites in complex solutions from two-dimensional 1h-13c nmr spectra. | one-dimensional (1d) (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy is used extensively for high-throughput analysis of metabolites in biological fluids and tissue extracts. typically, such spectra are treated as multivariate statistical objects rather than as collections of quantifiable metabolites. we report here a two-dimensional (2d) (1)h-(13)c nmr strategy (fast metabolite quantification, fmq, by nmr) for identifying and quantifying the approximately 40 most abundant metabolites in biol ... | 2007 | 17985927 |
| root rot disease of legumes caused by aphanomyces euteiches. | the oomycete genus aphanomyces houses plant and animal pathogens found in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. aphanomyces euteiches drechs. causes seedling damping off and root rot diseases on many legumes. it is the most devastating pea (pisum sativum) disease in several countries, causing up to 80% losses each year. this strictly soil-borne pathogen may survive many years in soil and no efficient chemical control is currently available. the only way to control the disease is to avoid cultiv ... | 2007 | 20507520 |
| enod40 gene expression and cytokinin responses in the nonnodulating, nonmycorrhizal (nodmyc) mutant, masym3, of melilotus alba desr. | several nonnodulating, nonmycorrhizal (nod(-)myc(-)) mutants of melilotus alba desr. (white sweetclover) have been described. however, the details of their responses to sinorhizobium meliloti have not been fully elucidated. we investigated rhizobial entry and colonization using confocal scanning laser microscopy on the masym1-5 mutants and isolated an early nodulin (enod40) gene from wild-type m. alba. we focused on masym3, the least responsive of the mutants to s. meliloti and va-fungi, to dete ... | 2007 | 19516966 |
| effects of different protein supplements on omasal nutrient flow and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were used in 2 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to quantify effects of supplementing protein as urea, solvent soybean meal (ssbm), cottonseed meal (csm), or canola meal (cm) on omasal nutrient flows and microbial protein synthesis. all diets contained (% of dry matter) 21% alfalfa silage and 35% corn silage plus 1) 2% urea plus 41% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 2) 12% ssbm plus 31% hmsc, 3) 14% csm plus 29% hm ... | 2007 | 17369224 |
| assessing effects of transgenic crops on soil microbial communities. | deleterious effects of transgenic plants on soils represent an often expressed concern, which has catalyzed numerous studies in the recent past. in this literature review, studies addressing this question have been compiled. a total of 60 studies has been found, and their findings as well as their analytical approaches are summarized. these studies analyzed the effects of seven different types of genetically engineered traits, i.e., herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, virus resistance, prote ... | 2007 | 17522827 |
| physiological response of glandular-haired alfalfa to potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) injury. | plant tolerance to herbivory is a key approach for managing pests. in alfalfa, medicago sativa, the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae, is a major pest as a result of the cascade of plant responses to piercing-sucking injury. to identify tolerance to its injury based on alfalfa physiology, experiments were conducted in the field and greenhouse. in our comparison of the response of field-grown alfalfa cultivars to standardized leafhopper densities, net photosynthesis and transpiration rates of 'ge ... | 2007 | 17349134 |
| responses to dietary starch or sucrose on protein and glucose kinetics in goats fed a high-concentrate diet. | responses of whole body protein synthesis (wbps) and glucose irreversible loss rate (ilr) were compared between dietary starch and sucrose in four male goats. diets were fed at 1.2 times maintenance requirements of me and cp with 30% of the me as starch, starch plus sucrose or sucrose, twice daily. the diets consisted of 33, 32, 11 and 24% of alfalfa hay, corn, soybean meal and the carbohydrates, respectively. the wbps and glucose ilr during 5-7 h after feeding were determined by an isotope dilu ... | 2007 | 17361946 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti psymb carries genes necessary for arabinose transport and catabolism. | arabinose is a known component of plant cell walls and is found in the rhizosphere. in this work, a previously undeleted region of the megaplasmid psymb was identified as encoding genes necessary for arabinose catabolism, by tn5-b20 random mutagenesis and subsequent complementation. transcription of this region was measured by beta-galactosidase assays of tn5-b20 fusions, and shown to be strongly inducible by arabinose, and moderately so by galactose and seed exudate. accumulation of [(3)h]arabi ... | 2007 | 17322193 |
| dicot and monocot plants differ in retinoblastoma-related protein subfamilies. | the present study supports the view that the retinoblastoma functions are shared by two distinct retinoblastoma-related (rbr) protein subfamilies in the monocot cereal species, whereas dicot plants have only a single rbr protein. genes encoding rbr proteins were identified and characterized in alfalfa (medicago sativa), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum). the alfalfa msrbr gene encodes a new member of the dicot rbr proteins (subfamily a). a comparison was made of two rice genes, ... | 2007 | 17389586 |
| effect of yeast culture on in vitro fermentation of a high-concentrate or high-fiber diet using equine fecal inoculum in a daisy ii incubator. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a closed system, fermentation apparatus (daisy ii incubator) and determine the effects of a yeast culture (yc) preparation (saccharomyces cerevisiae) on in vitro microbial populations, diet digestion, and fermentation patterns in horses. in exp. 1, 4 mature horses were fed a pelleted concentrate and alfalfa cubes in a 50:50 (%, as-fed) ratio. fecal samples were taken from each horse to form the inoculum and placed in 4 separate incubation ves ... | 2007 | 17526668 |
| dietary cation-anion difference effects on performance and acid-base status of dairy cows postpartum. | our objective was to examine the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (dcad) on performance and acid-base status of cows postpartum. sixteen holstein and 8 jersey multiparous cows were used immediately after calving to compare 2 dcad [22 or 47 milliequivalents (na + k - cl - s)/100 g of dry matter (dm)] in a completely randomized design. the corn silage-based diets were formulated to contain 19.0% crude protein, 25.4% neutral detergent fiber, 15.0% acid detergent fiber, and 1.69 mcal of net ... | 2007 | 17582122 |
| hemodynamic responses of the caudal artery to toxic tall fescue in beef heifers. | color doppler ultrasonography was used to compare blood flow characteristics in the caudal artery of heifers fed diets with endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum) infected (e+) or noninfected (e-) tall fescue seed. eighteen crossbred (angus x brangus) heifers were assigned to 6 pens and were fed chopped alfalfa hay for 5 d and chopped alfalfa hay plus a concentrate that contained e-tall fescue seed for 9 d during an adjustment period. an 11-d experimental period followed, with animals in 3 pens f ... | 2007 | 17526671 |
| influence of pressed beet pulp and concentrated separator by-product on intake, gain, efficiency of gain, and carcass composition of growing and finishing beef steers. | the objectives of this experiment were to determine a ne value for pressed beet pulp and the value of concentrated separator by-product (de-sugared molasses) as a ruminal n source in growing and finishing diets for beef cattle. one hundred forty-four cross-bred beef steers (282 +/- 23 kg of initial bw) were used in 2 experiments (growing and finishing). a randomized complete block design was used, with a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (level of pressed beet pulp and inclusion of conce ... | 2007 | 17504950 |
| in vitro anaerobic incubation of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and laying hen cecal bacteria in poultry feed substrates and a fructooligosaccharide prebiotic. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of combining a prebiotic with poultry feeds on the growth of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (st) in an in vitro cecal fermentation system. cecal contents from three laying hens were pooled and diluted to a 1:3000 concentration in an anaerobic dilution solution. the cecal dilution was added to sterile test tubes filled with alfalfa and layer ration with and without fructooligosaccharide (fos). two controls containing cecal diluti ... | 2007 | 17588782 |
| functional characterization of the sinorhizobium meliloti acetate metabolism genes acea, smc00767, and glcb. | the genes encoding malate synthase (glcb) and isocitrate lyase (acea) and a 240-bp open reading frame (smc00767) located downstream of acea were isolated and functionally characterized in sinorhizobium meliloti. independent and double interposon mutants of each gene were constructed, and the corresponding phenotypes were analyzed. acea mutants failed to grow on acetate, and mutants deficient in smc00767 were also affected in acetate utilization. in contrast, mutants deficient in glcb grew on ace ... | 2007 | 17526694 |
| rhizobium cellulosilyticum sp. nov., isolated from sawdust of populus alba. | during a study of polysaccharide-hydrolysing bacteria present in different plant sources, two strains were isolated from pulverized decaying wood of populus alba and classified in the genus rhizobium on basis of their almost complete 16s rrna gene sequences. their closest phylogenetic relatives were rhizobium galegae usda 4128(t) and rhizobium huautlense s02(t), with 98.2 and 98.1 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, respectively. reca and atpd sequence analysis showed that these species have le ... | 2007 | 17392217 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein bridges rna and rna-dependent rna polymerase in vitro. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna replication requires the viral coat protein (cp). amv cp is an integral component of the viral replicase; moreover, it binds to the viral rna 3'-termini and induces the formation of multiple new base pairs that organize the rna conformation. the results described here suggest that amv coat protein binding defines template selection by organizing the 3'-terminal rna conformation and by positioning the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) at the initiation site for mi ... | 2007 | 17400272 |
| daily dry matter intake to sustain body weight of mature, nonlactating, nonpregnant cows. | to quantify the relationship between dm consumption, the ability to sustain bw per unit of dmi (bw stasis), and days to reach bw equilibrium among diverse cattle breeds, weekly individual cow bw and dmi data were recorded for mature, nonpregnant, and nonlactating cows sampled from angus, braunvieh, charolais, hereford, gelbvieh, limousin, pinzgauer, red poll, and simmental breeds. within each breed, cows were assigned to receive 1 of 4 daily dm allowances (56, 76, 93, or 111 g.bw(-0.75, kg)) of ... | 2007 | 17400974 |
| estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed. | the objectives of this study were to expand the database and determine the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (drup) of common dairy feeds and to determine the effects of feeding 37.9% wet corn gluten feed on these estimates. two ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were assigned randomly to a crossover design with 4-wk periods. the mobile bag technique was used to determine rumen undegradable protein (rup), drup, total tract digestible protein, and total tract digestib ... | 2007 | 17430941 |
| control of gastrointestinal nematodes with copper oxide wire particles in a flock of lactating polypay ewes and offspring in iowa, usa. | copper oxide wire particles (cowp) have been used to reduce infection of haemonchus contortus in hair breed lambs in southeastern usa without signs of copper toxicity. however, copper sensitivity among breeds and regions varies. the objective was to determine the effectiveness and safety of cowp in lactating polypay ewes and their offspring grazing alfalfa/bluegrass pasture in a rotational grazing system. mature polypay ewes were administered 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 g (n=8 or 9/dose) cowp approximately ... | 2007 | 17433548 |
| comparison of in vitro fermentation and molecular microbial profiles of high-fiber feed substrates incubated with chicken cecal inocula. | high fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide-based poultry diets have received more interest recently for retaining or promoting beneficial gastrointestinal microbial populations. the objective of this study was to investigate and compare the in vitro potential fermentability of high-fiber feed substrates (hffs) by laying hen cecal microflora. feed sources examined included soybean meal, soybean hull, beet pulp, wheat middlings, ground sorghum, cottonseed meal, 100% alfalfa meal, 90% alfalfa + 10% co ... | 2007 | 17435012 |
| antiviral activity of oxidized polyamines. | polyamines, oxidized by serum amine oxidase, yield aminoaldehydes and hydrogen peroxide. acrolein may be formed from the aminoaldehydes by a spontaneous beta-elimination process. these oxidation products "oxidized polyamines" inhibit bacterial growth and exhibit anticancer activity. the antimicrobial activity of oxidized polyamines is not limited to bacteria; and the inactivation of bacterial viruses, plant viruses and animal viruses, was also reported. bacteriophages of the t-odd series are per ... | 2007 | 17429570 |
| the response of carbon metabolism and antioxidant defenses of alfalfa nodules to drought stress and to the subsequent recovery of plants. | alfalfa (medicago sativa) plants were exposed to drought to examine the involvement of carbon metabolism and oxidative stress in the decline of nitrogenase (n(2)ase) activity. exposure of plants to a moderate drought (leaf water potential of -1.3 mpa) had no effect on sucrose (suc) synthase (ss) activity, but caused inhibition of n(2)ase activity (-43%), accumulation of succinate (+36%) and suc (+58%), and up-regulation of genes encoding cytosolic cuzn-superoxide dismutase (sod), plastid fesod, ... | 2007 | 17468213 |
| parasitic hymenoptera fauna on agromyzidae (diptera) colonizing weeds in ecological compensation areas in northern italian agroecosystems. | parasitoids (hymenoptera) associated with agromyzid leafminers (diptera: agromyzidae) were studied in three rural farms located in northern italy. the parasitoids were reared from mined foliage of weeds growing in field margins. we reared 998 hymenoptera specimens, representing five families, 23 genera, and 53 species, from leafminers infesting weeds. eulophidae was the most abundant family (67.64%), followed by braconidae (28.86%), eucoilinae (1.40%), tetracampidae (1.40%), and pteromalidae (0. ... | 2007 | 17461050 |
| us courts thwart gm alfalfa and turf grass. | 2007 | 17420729 | |
| effects of chop length of alfalfa and corn silage on milk production and rumen fermentation of dairy cows. | effects of chop length (shorter = 10 mm or longer = 19 mm) of alfalfa silage and corn silage were determined in 16 midlactation holstein cows using a 4 x 4 latin square design with a 2 x 2 arrangement of treatments. experimental periods were 21 d long and consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. cows received total mixed ration containing (dry matter basis) 44.0% barley grain-based energy supplement, 12.6% protein supplement, and 21.7% longer chop or shorter chop alfalfa silage and 2 ... | 2007 | 17430939 |
| inhibition of the catalase activity from phaseolus vulgaris and medicago sativa by sodium chloride. | changes in catalase activity during the development of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis as well as its response in salinized plants of phaseolus vulgaris and medicago sativa, was studied. besides, it was examined the behavior of the enzyme, isolated from leaves and root nodules, during in vitro incubation with nacl doses. nodule catalase activities of both legumes were assayed with several enzyme inhibitors and also purified. leaf catalase activity of phaseolus vulgaris and medicago sativa decreas ... | 2007 | 17583521 |
| [tolc mutant of sinorhizobium meliloti strain skhm1-188 fails to establish effective symbiosis with alfalfa]. | the tolc mutant tr63 of sinorhizobium meliloti was generated by random tn5 mutagenesis in the effective strain skhm1-188. the mutant did not produce fluorescent halos in uv light on the lb medium containing calcofluor white, which suggests that modification occurred in the production of exopolysaccharide eps1. mutant tr63 also manifested nonmucoidness both on minimal and low-phosphate mops media, and this was most likely connected with the absence of the second exopolysaccharide of s. meliloti ( ... | 2007 | 17486750 |
| alfalfa living mulch advances biological control of soybean aphid. | despite evidence for biological control in north america, outbreaks of the invasive soybean aphid, aphis glycines matsumura (hemiptera: aphididae), continue to occur on soybean (glycine max l. merr.). our objectives were to determine whether natural enemies delay aphid establishment and limit subsequent population growth and whether biological control can be improved by altering the within-field habitat. we hypothesized that a living mulch would increase the abundance of the aphidophagous commun ... | 2007 | 17445377 |
| effects of different protein supplements on milk production and nutrient utilization in lactating dairy cows. | sixteen (8 ruminally cannulated) multiparous and 8 primiparous lactating holstein cows were used in 6 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to test the effects of feeding supplemental protein as urea, solvent soybean meal (ssbm), cottonseed meal (csm), or canola meal (cm) on milk production, nutrient utilization, and ruminal metabolism. all diets contained (% of dm) 21% alfalfa silage and 35% corn silage plus 1) 2% urea plus 41% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 2) 12% ssbm plus 31% hmsc, 3) 14% csm p ... | 2007 | 17369223 |
| [the effect of combined and separate inoculation of alfalfa plants with azospirillum lipoferum and sinorhizobium meliloti on denitrification and nitrogen-fixing activities]. | the effects of associative nitrogen fixer azospirillum lipoferum strain 137 and root nodule bacteria sinorhizobium meliloti after combined and separate inoculation of alfalfa seedlings on the background of mineral nitrogen applied at various times were studied. it was demonstrated that exudates of the alfalfa seedlings with the first pair of cotyledonary leaves already provide a high activity of these bacteria in the rhizosphere. to 74.6% of the introduced nitrate was transformed into n2o when t ... | 2007 | 17619579 |
| biosynthesis of 5-deoxyflavanones in microorganisms. | flavanones are the common precursors of plant polyphenolic compounds collectively known as flavonoids. leguminous plants have evolved a distinct class of flavanone molecules, known as 5-deoxyflavanones that play important roles in their symbiotic interactions. a four-step metabolic circuit was constructed in escherichia coli with plant genes from heterologous origins: 4-coumarate:coenzyme a ligase from petroselinum crispum, chalcone synthases (chs) from medicago sativa and petunia x hybrida and ... | 2007 | 17806100 |
| [effects of ca2+ on acid tolerance of medicago sativa and rhizobium meliloti]. | soil acidity is an important environmental factor hampering the effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation of rhizobium meliloti and its host plant medicag sativa. the study on the effects of ca2 + on the acid tolerance of m. sativa and r. meliloti showed that applying 5 and 10 mmol . l(-1) of ca2+ could promote the growth of r. meliloti and advance its log growth phase. under neutral ph condition, applying ca2+ didn't have any significant effects on root hair deformation, while under low ph conditio ... | 2007 | 17763721 |
| effect of polysavone (alfalfa extract) on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens. | two hundred 1-day-old male commercial arbor acres broiler birds were randomly distributed to a control group and a polysavone group (5 replicates of 20 birds each) to investigate the influence of polysavone, a natural extract from alfalfa, on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens. birds in the control group were supplied with a basal diet, and 0.06% polysavone was added to the basal diet of birds in the polysavone group. body weight and feed consumption for each replicate wer ... | 2007 | 17704384 |
| neutral detergent-soluble fiber improves gut barrier function in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits. | the effect of neutral detergent-soluble fiber level on gut barrier function and intestinal microbiota was examined in weaned rabbits. a control diet (ah) containing 103 g of neutral detergent-soluble fiber/ kg of dm included alfalfa hay as main source of fiber. another diet (b-ap) was formulated by replacing half of the alfalfa hay with a mixture of beet and apple pulp resulting in 131 g of soluble fiber/kg of dm. a third diet (oh) was obtained by substituting half of the alfalfa hay with a mix ... | 2007 | 17709783 |
| host plants of the tarnished plant bug (heteroptera: miridae) in central texas. | the tarnished plant bug, lygus lineolaris (palisot de beauvois), has taken on added importance as a pest of cotton in the cotton belt after successful eradication efforts for the boll weevil (anthonomus grandis grandis boheman). because the southern blacklands region of central texas is in advanced stages of boll weevil eradication, blooming weeds and selected row crops were sampled during a 3-yr study to determine lygus species composition and associated temporal host plants. l. lineolaris was ... | 2007 | 17716463 |
| field parasitism of nontarget weevil species (coleoptera: curculionidae) by the introduced biological control agent microctonus aethiopoides loan (hymenoptera: braconidae) over an altitude gradient. | the parasitoid, microctonus aethiopoides loan (hymenoptera: braconidae) was introduced into new zealand in 1982 to control the alfalfa pest, sitona discoideus gyllenhal (coleoptera: curculionidae). studies have shown that a number of nontarget weevil species are attacked in the field by this parasitoid. a field study was carried out to investigate nontarget parasitism by m. aethiopoides over an altitudinal sequence from the target host habitat (alfalfa) into native grassland. three locations wer ... | 2007 | 17716473 |
| molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. i. salmonella enteritidis colonization and virulence gene hila response. | the objectives of this study were to enumerate salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in fecal, cecal, and internal organs, and to compare the level of virulence gene expression (hila) of experimentally challenged laying hens fed different dietary molt-induction regimens. twelve salmonella-free single comb leghorn hens (>50 wk old) hens were randomly assigned to each of 6 treatment groups designated based on diet in 2 trials: 1) feed withdrawal salmonella enteritidis-positive (fw+) ... | 2007 | 17626806 |
| how rhizobial symbionts invade plants: the sinorhizobium-medicago model. | nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria and leguminous plants have evolved complex signal exchange mechanisms that allow a specific bacterial species to induce its host plant to form invasion structures through which the bacteria can enter the plant root. once the bacteria have been endocytosed within a host-membrane-bound compartment by root cells, the bacteria differentiate into a new form that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. bacterial differentiation and nitrogen fixation are depend ... | 2007 | 17632573 |
| evaluating the conjugated linoleic acid and trans 18:1 isomers in milk fat of dairy cows fed increasing amounts of sunflower oil and a constant level of fish oil. | the objective was to evaluate different levels of sun-flower oil (sfo) in dairy rations to increase vaccenic (trans-11-18:1) and rumenic acids (cis-9,trans-11-18:2) in milk fat, and assess the content and composition of other trans-octadecenoic (trans-18:1) and conjugated linoleic acids (cla) isomers. eighty lactating holstein cows were fed control diets for 4 wk and then placed on 4 diets for 38 d; milk fat was analyzed after 10 and 38 d. the treatments were: control, 1.5% sfo plus 0.5% fish oi ... | 2007 | 17638990 |
| depression in feed intake by a highly fermentable diet is related to plasma insulin concentration and insulin response to glucose infusion. | the effects of dietary starch fermentability on feed intake and nutrient digestibility were evaluated in a crossover study, which was also designed to find factors that predict individual variation in feed intake response to starch fermentability. thirty-two multiparous holstein cows (121 +/- 48 d in milk, 44 +/- 7 kg/d of milk yield; mean +/- sd) were randomly assigned to treatment sequence and were fed a diet intermediate to the treatments during a preliminary 28-d period. treatments were dry ... | 2007 | 17638994 |
| the expr/sin quorum-sensing system controls succinoglycan production in sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a gram-negative soil bacterium capable of forming a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing relationship with its plant host, medicago sativa. various bacterially produced factors are essential for successful nodulation. for example, at least one of two exopolysaccharides produced by s. meliloti (succinoglycan or eps ii) is required for nodule invasion. both of these polymers are produced in high- and low-molecular-weight (hmw and lmw, respectively) fractions; however, only the lmw f ... | 2007 | 17644606 |
| population genetic structure based on ssr markers in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) from various regions contiguous to the centres of origin of the species. | 2007 | 17656850 | |
| 'candidatus phytoplasma lycopersici', a phytoplasma associated with 'hoja de perejil' disease in bolivia. | new diseases known locally as 'hoja de perejil' of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill) and 'brotes grandes' of potato (solanum tuberosum l.) were first recognized in surveys of production fields in bolivia during 2000-2003. alfalfa (medicago sativa) witches' broom and little leaf diseases of native weeds morrenia variegata and mora-mora (serjania perulacea) were also identified near to production fields. phytoplasma aetiology was attributed to each of these diseases following detection and ini ... | 2007 | 17684241 |
| thermal inactivation of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa seeds. | alfalfa seeds inoculated with five strains of salmonella or escherichia coli o157:h7 were subjected to dry heat at 55 degrees c for up to 8 days. five-log reductions in salmonella or e. coli o157:h7 on seeds were observed. no pathogens were detected on the sprouted seeds, which were initially inoculated with ca. 2 log cfu/g of salmonella or more than 8 log cfu/g of e. coli o157:h7. the percentages of germination of the alfalfa seeds did not significantly decrease after 6 days of heating at 55 de ... | 2007 | 17685345 |
| prediction of mhc binding peptides and epitopes from alfalfa mosaic virus. | peptide fragments from alfalfa mosaic virus involved multiple antigenic components directing and empowering the immune system to protect the host from infection. mhc molecules are cell surface proteins, which take active part in host immune reactions and involvement of mhc class-i & ii in response to almost all antigens. coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus contains 221 aa residues. analysis found five mhc ligands in coat protein as 64-lssfnglgv-72; 86- rileedliy-94; 96-mvfsitpsy-104; 100- itpsy ... | 2007 | 17691913 |
| short communication: effect of increasing levels of corn bran on milk yield and composition. | thirty-nine lactating holstein cows (23 multiparous and 16 primiparous) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a crossover design. dietary treatments differed by the proportion of corn bran [10, 17.5, and 25% dry matter (dm); designated as low, medium, and high] replacing corn silage and alfalfa. the corn bran coproduct contained 8.2% moisture and 12.9% crude protein, 30.4% neutral detergent fiber (ndf), and 45.0% nonfiber carbohydrate, 9.9% ether extract, and 0.70% p (dm basis). ... | 2007 | 17699051 |
| manure nutrient excretion by lactating cows fed exogenous phytase and cellulase. | the effect of an exogenous phytase and cellulase-containing enzyme formulation on nutrient digestibility and excretion was evaluated in 24 holstein cows. cows were fed corn silage- and alfalfa silage-based diets with or without a cellulase-phytase blend for 31 d in a continuous random design. treatment groups were balanced for parity, days in milk, and mature-equivalent projected milk yield. diets contained 37% forage, 18.3% crude protein, 35.4% neutral detergent fiber, 18% acid detergent fiber, ... | 2007 | 17699056 |
| predicting perchlorate exposure in milk from concentrations in dairy feed. | perchlorate has been detected in u.s. milk samples from many different states. applying data from a recently reported 9-week experiment in which 16 holstein dairy cows were administered perchlorate allowed us to derive an equation for the dose-response relationship between perchlorate concentrations in feed/drinking water and its appearance in milk. examination of background concentrations of perchlorate in the total mixed ration (tmr) fed in addition to the variable dose supplied to treated cow ... | 2007 | 17892259 |
| energy requirements and cow/calf efficiency of nellore and continental and british bos taurus x nellore crosses. | the objective of this work was to compare breed types with increasing percentage of bos taurus on cow/calf energy requirements and preweaning efficiency. forty mature, lactating, nonpregnant cows [10 nellore (nl), 10 canchim x nellore (cn), 10 angus x nellore (an), and 10 simmental x nellore (sn)] were randomized in blocks by calving date. calves from cross-bred cows were sired by canchim bulls (5/8 charolais + 3/8 zebu), whereas calves from nl cows were sired by nellore bulls. cows were individ ... | 2007 | 17565065 |
| characterization of the cultivable microbiota of sprouts and their potential for application as protective cultures. | the microbiota of ten seeds and ready-to-eat sprouts produced thereof was characterized by bacteriological culture and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of amplified dna fragments of the 16s rrna gene. the predominant bacterial biota of hydroponically grown sprouts mainly consisted of enterobacteria, pseudomonades and lactic acid bacteria (lab). for adzuki, alfalfa, mung bean, radish, sesame and wheat, the ratio of these bacterial groups changed strongly in the course of germination ... | 2007 | 17512686 |
| altering physically effective fiber intake through forage proportion and particle length: chewing and ruminal ph. | alfalfa silages varying in theoretical chop length and diets high and low in forage proportion were used to evaluate whether increasing the physically effective (pe) neutral detergent fiber (ndf) content of dairy cow diets reduces the risk of acidosis. the experiment was designed as a replicated 4 x 4 latin square using 8 ruminally cannulated lactating dairy cows. treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design; 2 forage particle lengths (fpl) of alfalfa silage (short and long) were combine ... | 2007 | 17517723 |
| diet supplementation with fish oil and sunflower oil to increase conjugated linoleic acid levels in milk fat of partially grazing dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the long-term effect on milk conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 cla) of adding fish oil (fo) and sunflower oil (sfo) to the diets of partially grazing dairy cows. fourteen holstein cows were divided into 2 groups (7 cows/treatment) and fed either a control or oil-supplemented diet for 8 wk while partially grazing pasture. cows in group 1 were fed a grain mix diet (8.0 kg/d, dm basis) containing 400 g of saturated animal fat (control). cows in t ... | 2007 | 17517729 |
| use of faeces as an alternative inoculum to caecal content to study in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus). | 1. in order to find an alternative source of inoculum to caecal content for studying the in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus), caecal content and faeces of 4 male birds were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. 2. about 1 g of each of 5 substrates (maize silage, cs; alfalfa hay, ah; barley, bg; soybean meal, sm; beet pulp, bp) was weighed, in quadruplicate per inoculum, in 120 ml flasks; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4 ml of re ... | 2007 | 17578699 |
| influence of endosperm vitreousness and kernel moisture at harvest on site and extent of digestion of high-moisture corn by feedlot steers. | six ruminally and duodenally cannulated angus-jersey crossbred steers (450 kg of bw) were used in a 6 x 6 latin square to evaluate the effect of kernel vitreousness and moisture on intake and digestibility of high-moisture corn. arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial, diets included a floury (flo) or a vitreous (vit) endosperm corn hybrid harvested at 28.1% (dry), 31.2% (mid), or 35.7% (wet) kernel moisture content. diet dm consisted of 88.25% high-moisture corn, 6% chopped alfalfa hay, 2% corn gluten me ... | 2007 | 17526666 |
| effects of dietary strong acid anion challenge on regulation of acid-base balance in sheep. | the acid-base status of the extracellular fluid is directly affected by the concentrations of strong basic cations and strong acid anions that are absorbed into the bloodstream from the diet. the objective of this study was to develop and characterize a model for dietary acid challenge in sheep by decreasing the dietary cation-anion difference (dcad) using nutrichlor (hcl-treated canola meal), an anionic feed supplement. ten fully fleeced sheep (rideau-arcott, 54.3 +/- 6.7 kg of bw) were fed eit ... | 2007 | 17504956 |
| altering physically effective fiber intake through forage proportion and particle length: digestion and milk production. | intake of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (pendf) of dairy cows was altered by adjusting the proportion of forage in the diet and forage particle length, and effects on nutrient intake, site and extent of digestion, microbial n synthesis, and milk production were measured. the experiment was designed as a triplicated 4 x 4 latin square using 12 lactating dairy cows, with 4 that were ruminally and duodenally cannulated, 4 that were ruminally cannulated, and 4 that were intact. thus, ... | 2007 | 17582126 |
| transgenic alfalfa that accumulates piceid (trans-resveratrol-3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside) requires the presence of beta-glucosidase to inhibit the formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon of cf-1 mice. | plants have been genetically enhanced to produce a number of products for agricultural, industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. this technology could potentially be applied to providing chemoprevention strategies to the general population. resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a compound that has been shown to have protective activity against a number of cancers and could be an ideal candidate for such an application. alfalfa that was genetically modified to express resveratrol-synthase was ... | 2007 | 17571969 |
| evaluation of calving seasons and marketing strategies in northern great plains beef enterprises: i. cow-calf systems. | a bioeconomic computer model was used to evaluate alternate calving seasons in a cow-calf enterprise under range conditions representative of the northern great plains. the simulated ranch utilized a rotational breeding system based on hereford and angus and had a fixed forage base (4,500 animal unit months of native range, 520 t of grass hay, and 183 t of alfalfa hay). calving seasons studied were spring (sp, beginning march 15), summer (su, beginning may 15), and fall (fa, beginning august 15) ... | 2007 | 17504951 |
| effects of restricted feeding of beef heifers during the postweaning period on growth, efficiency, and ultrasound carcass characteristics. | traits used for identification of replacement beef heifers and feeding levels provided during postweaning development may have major financial implications due to effects on maintenance requirements and level of lifetime production. the current study evaluated the effects of 2 levels of feeding during the postweaning period on growth, g:f, and ultrasound carcass measurements of heifers, and the associations among these traits. heifers (1/2 red angus, 1/4 charolais, and 1/4 tarentaise) born in 3 ... | 2007 | 17565051 |
| effect of direct-fed microbials on performance, diet digestibility, and rumen characteristics of holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding direct-fed microbial (dfm) products containing lactobacillus acidophilus and propionibacteria freudenreichii on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of holstein dairy cows in midlactation. experiments were conducted from february to may 2003. cows were fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu)/d of live l. acidophilus strain la747 and 2 x 10(9) cfu/d of live p. freudenreichi ... | 2007 | 17369221 |
| uptake of microcystins-lr and -lf (cyanobacterial toxins) in seedlings of several important agricultural plant species and the correlation with cellular damage (lipid peroxidation). | plants used for agriculture may come into contact with cyanobacterial toxins via spray irrigation when surface water bodies containing cyanobacteria are used as the water source. as many of the bloom forming cyanobacteria are known to produce a variety of toxins, the possibility of uptake of toxins in these plants seems possible. with this study the uptake of two microcystins (mc-lr and mc-lf) as well as mc-lr within a cyanobacterial crude extract in several important agricultural plants is pres ... | 2007 | 17607734 |
| mscys1, a developmentally-regulated cystatin from alfalfa. | several roles have been attributed to cystatins in plants, ranging from the regulation of host [endogenous] cysteine proteases to the inhibition of herbivorous pest [exogenous] proteases. we report here the cloning, expression and functional characterization of a novel cystatin from alfalfa, medicago sativa l. the new sequence, isolated from a cdna expression library prepared from young leaves, encodes a protein, mscys1, with the typical inhibitory motifs of cystatins, namely the central signatu ... | 2007 | 17507234 |
| photosensitisation in sheep grazing alfalfa infested with aphids and ladybirds. | 2007 | 17766813 | |
| a dose-response study relating the concentration of carotenoid pigments in blood and reflectance spectrum characteristics of fat to carotenoid intake level in sheep. | this study was conducted to describe the dose-response curve relating the concentration of carotenoid pigments in plasma and reflectance spectrum characteristics of fat to the carotenoid intake level in sheep, and to investigate the extent to which incorporation of dehydrated alfalfa in the diet affects the reliability of the discrimination between concentrate-fed and pasture-fed lambs based on these measurements. in exp. 1, 6 treatments were compared in individually penned lambs: feeding 0, 250 ... | 2007 | 17609467 |
| effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on the production of lactating dairy cows. | in trial 1, 15 holsteins were fed 3 total mixed rations (tmr) with 33% neutral detergent fiber in 3 x 3 latin squares (28-d periods). two tmr contained (dry matter basis): 40% control alfalfa silage (cas) or 40% ammonium tetraformate-treated alfalfa silage (tas), 20% corn silage (cs), 33% high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), 6% solvent soybean meal (ssbm), and 18% crude protein (cp); the third tmr contained 54% red clover silage (rcs), 6% dried molasses, 33% hmsc, 6% ssbm, and 16.3% cp. silages di ... | 2007 | 17297112 |
| effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on omasal nutrient flow and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to replicated 4 x 4 latin squares to quantify effects of nonprotein n (npn) content of alfalfa silage (as) and red clover silage (rcs) on omasal nutrient flows. diets, fed as total mixed rations, contained 50% dry matter from control as (cas), ammonium tetraformate-treated as (tas), late maturity rcs (rcs1), or early maturity rcs (rcs2). silages differed in npn a ... | 2007 | 17297113 |
| the symbiosis regulator cbra modulates a complex regulatory network affecting the flagellar apparatus and cell envelope proteins. | sinorhizobium meliloti participates in a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legume plant host species of the genera medicago, melilotus, and trigonella. we recently identified an s. meliloti two-component sensory histidine kinase, cbra, which is absolutely required to establish a successful symbiosis with medicago sativa (k. e. gibson, g. r. campbell, j. lloret, and g. c. walker, j. bacteriol. 188:4508-4521, 2006). in addition to having a symbiotic defect, the cbra::tn5 mutant also has free-living p ... | 2007 | 17237174 |
| combination of a urease inhibitor and a plant essential oil to control coliform bacteria, odour production and ammonia loss from cattle waste. | to evaluate urea hydrolysis, volatile fatty acid (vfa) production (odour) and coliforms in cattle waste slurries after a urease inhibitor n-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (nbpt) and a plant oil component (thymol) were added. | 2007 | 17241353 |
| a sinorhizobium meliloti mine mutant has an altered morphology and exhibits defects in legume symbiosis. | sinorhizobium meliloti differentiates from rod-shaped, free-living cells into pleomorphic, non-dividing, n(2)-fixing bacteroids within alfalfa root nodules. here, the role of the mincde genes in bacteroid differentiation and in free-living cell division is examined. disruption of the mine gene resulted in large, swollen and branched free-living cells, and in symbiosis a mine mutation resulted in a defect in nitrogen fixation with activity reduced by approximately 70 % compared to the wild-type. ... | 2007 | 17259609 |
| dissipation of 2,4-d in soils of the humid pampa region, argentina: a microcosm study. | phenoxy herbicides like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) are widely used in agricultural practices. although its half life in soil is 7-14d, the herbicide itself and its first metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) could remain in the soil for longer periods, as a consequence of its intensive use. microcosms assays were conducted to study the influence of indigenous microflora and plants (alfalfa) on the dissipation of 2,4-d from soils of the humid pampa region, argentina, with previous h ... | 2007 | 17316752 |
| technical note: a system for continuous recording of ruminal ph in cattle. | continuous recording of ruminal ph in cannulated cattle has been practiced to study rumen metabolism. however, most systems reported did not permit animal mobility during ph recording. therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a continuous rumen ph data acquisition system that permitted animal mobility during data acquisition. a further objective was to compare the ph readings obtained using the continuous recording system to readings obtained at the same time using spot sampling. th ... | 2007 | 17179558 |
| kinetics of fatty acid biohydrogenation in vitro. | biohydrogenation (bh) of fatty acids (fa) from fresh alfalfa and alfalfa hay with varying levels of supplemental sucrose and media ph was evaluated in vitro. a multicompartmental model was then developed to estimate pool size and flux of vaccenic acid (va) during bh of fa in fresh alfalfa. to vary incubation ph, alfalfa samples were inoculated with rumen fluid in 2 media differing in molarity of the bicarbonate buffer. samples were incubated for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 h; ph was measured and ... | 2007 | 17297114 |
| use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to enhance in vitro fermentation of alfalfa hay and corn silage. | two in vitro experiments were performed to identify promising exogenous fibrolytic enzyme products (efe) and optimum dose rates (dr) for improving the degradation of alfalfa hay and corn silage. the relationship between enzymatic activity and fermentation responses was examined to identify optimum formulations. in experiment 1, 5 efe containing mainly endoglucanase and xylanase activities, with different ratios between the 2 activities, were assessed at a dr of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 mg/g of dm forag ... | 2007 | 17297117 |
| identification and characterization of a nodh ortholog from the alfalfa-nodulating or191-like rhizobia. | nodulation of medicago sativa (alfalfa) is known to be restricted to sinorhizobium meliloti and a few other rhizobia that include the poorly characterized isolates related to rhizobium sp. strain or191. distinctive features of the symbiosis between alfalfa and s. meliloti are the marked specificity from the plant to the bacteria and the strict requirement for the presence of sulfated lipochitooligosaccharides (nod factors [nfs]) at its reducing end. here, we present evidence of the presence of a ... | 2007 | 17313165 |
| non-antibiotic, efficient selection for alfalfa genetic engineering. | a selectable marker gene (smg), usually conferring resistance to an antibiotic or herbicide, is generally introduced into the plant cells with the gene(s) for the trait of interest to allow only the cells that have integrated and express the foreign sequences to regenerate into a plant. the availability of several smgs for each plant species is useful for both basic and applied research to combine several genes of interest in the same plant. a selection system based on gabaculine (3-amino-2,3-di ... | 2007 | 17333020 |
| effects of diet quality on phenotypic flexibility of organ size and digestive function in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). | in the context of evolution and ecology, there is a trade-off between the benefits of processing food through a digestive system with specific phenotypic attributes and the cost of maintaining and carrying the digestive system. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that digestive modulations at several levels can match each other to meet the energy and nutrient demands of mongolian gerbils, a small granivorous rodent species, by acclimating them to a high-quality diet diluted with alfalfa powd ... | 2007 | 17333208 |
| quantitative analysis of the growth of salmonella stanley during alfalfa sprouting and evaluation of enterobacter aerogenes as its surrogate. | raw seed sprouts have been implicated in several food poisoning outbreaks in the last 10 years. few studies have included investigations of factors influencing the effectiveness of testing spent irrigation water, and in no studies to date has a nonpathogenic surrogate been identified as suitable for large-scale irrigation water testing trials. alfalfa seeds were inoculated with salmonella stanley or its presumptive surrogate (nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacter aerogenes) at three concentratio ... | 2007 | 17340864 |
| solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry integrated with chemometrics for detection of salmonella typhimurium contamination in a packaged fresh vegetable. | a rapid method for detection of salmonella typhimurium contamination in packaged alfalfa sprouts using solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (spme/gc/ms) integrated with chemometrics was investigated. alfalfa sprouts were inoculated with s. typhimurium, packed into commercial ldpe bags and stored at 10+2 degrees c for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days. uninoculated sprouts were used as control samples. a spme device was used to collect the volatiles from the headspace above the sampl ... | 2007 | 17386426 |
| milk from forage as affected by rumen degradable protein and corn grinding when feeding corn- and alfalfa silage-based diets. | to increase the production of milk from forage (mf), a previous experiment with alfalfa silage showed the importance of a complementary combination of concentrates and forages offered. when corn silage is fed with alfalfa, increasing the rumen degradable protein (rdp) content in the diet should allow a better utilization of forage energy. to evaluate this hypothesis, 8 multiparous holstein cows in early lactation were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design with 3-wk periods. diets were f ... | 2007 | 17235159 |
| elevated atmospheric co2 and strain of rhizobium alter freezing tolerance and cold-induced molecular changes in alfalfa (medicago sativa). | the objective of the study was to assess the impact of elevated co2 in interaction with rhizobial strains on freezing tolerance and cold-induced molecular changes in alfalfa. | 2007 | 17218341 |
| plant-microbe association for rhizoremediation of chloronitroaromatic pollutants with comamonas sp. strain cnb-1. | comamonas sp. strain cnb-1, isolated from activated sludge and having a strong ability to degrade 4-chloronitrobenzene (4cnb), was applied for rhizoremediation of 4cnb-polluted soil through association with alfalfa. confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that strain cnb-1 successfully colonized alfalfa roots. determination of strain cnb-1 populations by cultivation method and by quantitative competitive pcr technique targeting the chloronitrobenzene nitroreductase gene showed that the popul ... | 2007 | 17222144 |
| population genetic structure of sinorhizobium meliloti and s. medicae isolated from nodules of medicago spp. in mexico. | we studied the genetic structure of 176 bacterial isolates from nodules of medicago sativa, m. lupulina and m. polymorpha in fifteen sites distributed in three localities in mexico. the strains were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, plasmid profiles, pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16s rrna genes and of the intergenic spacer between 16s and 23s rrna genes, and partial sequences of glnii, reca and nodb. most of the strains were classified as sinorhizobium melilot ... | 2007 | 17386032 |
| roles of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) and glycogen in symbiosis of sinorhizobium meliloti with medicago sp. | poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) and glycogen are major carbon storage compounds in sinorhizobium meliloti. the roles of phb and glycogen in rhizobia-legume symbiosis are not fully understood. glycogen synthase mutations were constructed by in-frame deletion (glga1) or insertion (glga2). these mutations were combined with a phbc mutation to make all combinations of double and triple mutants. phb was not detectable in any of the mutants containing the phbc mutation; glycogen was not detectable in any ... | 2007 | 17259610 |
| optimized expression vector for ion channel studies in xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells using alfalfa mosaic virus. | plasmid vectors used for mammalian expression or for in vitro crna translation can differ substantially and are rarely cross-compatible. to make comparisons between mammalian and xenopus oocyte expression systems, it would be advantageous to use a single vector without the need for shuttle vectors or subcloning. we have designed such a vector, designated puniv for universal, with elements that will allow for in vitro or ex vivo expression in multiple cell types. we tested the expression of puniv ... | 2007 | 17146677 |