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teicoplanin: an alternative drug for the treatment of covid-19?in december 2019, a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), emerged from china causing pneumonia outbreaks, first in the wuhan region of china and then spread worldwide because of its probable high transmission efficiency. owing to the lack of efficient and specific treatments and the need to contain the epidemic, drug repurposing appears to be the best tool to find a therapeutic solution. chloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, ribavirin and ritonavir ...202032179150
covid-19 in the shadows of mers-cov in the kingdom of saudi arabia.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has plagued the middle east since it was first reported in 2012. recently, at the end of december 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were reported from wuhan city, hubei province, china, linked to a wet seafood market with a new coronavirus identified as the etiologic agent currently named sars-cov-2. most cases are in mainland china with international spread to 25 countries. the novelty of the virus, the rapid national and international sp ...202032175703
early estimation of the case fatality rate of covid-19 in mainland china: a data-driven analysis.an ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov)-2], named covid-19, hit a major city of china, wuhan in december 2019 and subsequently spread to other provinces/regions of china and overseas. several studies have been done to estimate the basic reproduction number in the early phase of this outbreak, yet there are no reliable estimates of case fatality rate (cfr) for covid-19 to date.202032175421
liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections.the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the pathogen of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (covid-19), has posed a serious threat to global public health. the who has declared the outbreak of sars-cov-2 infection an international public health emergency. lung lesions have been considered as the major damage caused by sars-cov-2 infection. however, liver injury has also been reported to occur during the course of the disease in severe cases. similarly, previous studies have ...202032170806
application of a risk analysis tool to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in saudi arabia.the grunow-finke assessment tool (gft) is an accepted scoring system for determining likelihood of an outbreak being unnatural in origin. considering its high specificity but low sensitivity, a modified grunow-finke tool (mgft) has been developed with improved sensitivity. the mgft has been validated against some past disease outbreaks, but it has not been applied to ongoing outbreaks. this study is aimed to score the outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in saudi a ...202032170774
the origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak - an update on the status.an acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2, previously known as 2019-ncov), the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has spread throughout china and received worldwide attention. on 30 january 2020, world health organization (who) officially declared the covid-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. the emergence of sars-cov-2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) in 2002 and middle east respiratory syndrome cor ...202032169119
the potential chemical structure of anti-sars-cov-2 rna-dependent rna polymerase.an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) occurred in wuhan and it has rapidly spread to almost all parts of the world. for coronaviruses, rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) is an important polymerase that catalyzes the replication of rna from rna template and is an attractive therapeutic target. in this study, we screened these chemical structures from traditional chinese medicinal compounds proven to show antiviral activity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) ...202032167173
[potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus].the recent outbreak of respiratory illness in wuhan, china is caused by a novel coronavirus, named 2019-ncov, which is genetically close to a bat-derived coronavirus. 2019-ncov is categorized as beta genus coronavirus, same as the two other strains-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). antiviral drugs commonly used in clinical practice, including neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, paramivir, zanamivir, etc.), gan ...202032164080
a computational vaccine designing approach for mers-cov infections.the aim of this study was to use iedb software to predict the suitable mers-cov epitope vaccine against the most known world population alleles through four selecting proteins such as s glycoprotein and envelope protein and their modification sequences after the pandemic spread of mers-cov in 2012. iedb services is one of the computational methods; the output of this study showed that s glycoprotein, envelope (e) protein, and s and e protein modified sequences of mers-cov might be considered as ...202032162250
compounds with therapeutic potential against novel respiratory 2019 coronavirus.currently, the expansion of the novel human respiratory coronavirus (known as sars-cov-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], covid-2019 [coronavirus disease 2019], or 2019-ncov [2019 novel coronavirus]) has stressed the need for therapeutic alternatives to alleviate and stop this new epidemic. the previous epidemics of infections by high-morbidity human coronaviruses, such as sars-cov in 2003 and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012, prompted the cha ...202032152082
serologic detection of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus functional antibodies.we developed and validated 2 species-independent protein-based assays to detect middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus functional antibodies that can block virus receptor-binding or sialic acid-attachment. antibody levels measured in both assays correlated strongly with virus-neutralizing antibody titers, proving their use for serologic confirmatory diagnosis of middle east respiratory syndrome.202032150528
demographic variations of mers-cov infection among suspected and confirmed cases: an epidemiological analysis of laboratory-based data from riyadh regional laboratory.introduction. middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus was first recognized in september 2012 in saudi arabia. the clinical presentations of mers and non-mers sari are often similar. therefore, the identification of suspected cases that may have higher chances of being diagnosed as cases of mers-cov is essential. however, the real challenge is to flag these patients through some demographic markers. the nature of these markers has not previously been investigated in saudi arabia, and hence, ...202032149148
novel coronavirus 2019-ncov: prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics comparison with sars-cov and mers-cov.human infections with zoonotic coronavirus contain emerging and reemerging pathogenic characteristics which have raised great public health concern. this study aimed at investigating the global prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus, wuhan china (2019-ncov), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection outbreaks.202032141570
covid-19 (novel coronavirus 2019) - recent trends.the world health organization (who) has issued a warning that, although the 2019 novel coronavirus (covid-19) from wuhan city (china), is not pandemic, it should be contained to prevent the global spread. the covid-19 virus was known earlier as 2019-ncov. as of 12 february 2020, who reported 45,171 cases and 1115 deaths related to covid-19. covid-19 is similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) virus in its pathogenicity, clinical spectrum, and epidemiology. comparison o ...202032141569
influence of trust on two different risk perceptions as an affective and cognitive dimension during middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in south korea: serial cross-sectional surveys.this study aimed to assess the affective and cognitive risk perceptions in the general population of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) during the 2015 mers coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in south korea and the influencing factors.202032139484
small molecule inhibitors of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion by targeting cavities on heptad repeat trimers.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a newly emerging viral disease with fatal outcomes. however, no mers-cov-specific treatment is commercially available. given the absence of previous structure-based drug discovery studies targeting mers-cov fusion proteins, this set of compounds is considered the first generation of mers-cov small molecule fusion inhibitors. after a virtual screening campaign of 1.56 million compounds followed by cell-cell fusion assay and mers-cov plaqu ...202032126736
in silico screening of chinese herbal medicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus.in this study we execute a rational screen to identify chinese medical herbs that are commonly used in treating viral respiratory infections and also contain compounds that might directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov), an ongoing novel coronavirus that causes pneumonia.202032113846
potential rapid diagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov): a systematic review.rapid diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics are important interventions for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) outbreak. it is timely to systematically review the potential of these interventions, including those for middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-cov, to guide policymakers globally on their prioritization of resources for research and development. a systematic search was carried out in three major elect ...202032110875
the neuroinvasive potential of sars-cov2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of covid-19 patients.following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named sars-cov-2 (previously known as 2019-ncov) emerged in december 2019 in wuhan, china, and rapidly spreads around the world. this virus shares highly homological sequence with sars-cov, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for sars-cov ...202032104915
syndromic surveillance system for mers-cov as new early warning and identification approach.this commentary presents a novel outlook for public health authorities in the affected countries to detect and respond quickly to the emerging public health threats such as middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). implementing an innovative electronic surveillance system called syndromic surveillance system is essential for global health security.202032104115
nanoplasmonic on-chip pcr for rapid precision molecular diagnostics.emerging molecular diagnosis requires ultrafast polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on chip for rapid precise detection of infectious diseases in the point-of-care test. here, we report nanoplasmonic on-chip pcr for rapid precision molecular diagnostics. the nanoplasmonic pillar arrays (npa) comprise gold nanoislands on the top and sidewall of large-scale glass nanopillar arrays. the nanoplasmonic pillars enhance light absorption of a white light-emitting diode (led) over the whole visible range due ...202032101396
the antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits rna-dependent rna polymerase from middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus.antiviral drugs for managing infections with human coronaviruses are not yet approved, posing a serious challenge to current global efforts aimed at containing the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (cov-2). remdesivir (rdv) is an investigational compound with a broad spectrum of antiviral activities against rna viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-cov and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers-cov). rdv is a nucleotide analog inhibitor of rna-dependent r ...202032094225
rigidity of the outer shell predicted by a protein intrinsic disorder model sheds light on the covid-19 (wuhan-2019-ncov) infectivity.the world is currently witnessing an outbreak of a new coronavirus spreading quickly across china and affecting at least 24 other countries. with almost 65,000 infected, a worldwide death toll of at least 1370 (as of 14 february 2020), and with the potential to affect up to two-thirds of the world population, covid-19 is considered by the world health organization (who) to be a global health emergency. the speed of spread and infectivity of covid-19 (also known as wuhan-2019-ncov) are dramatical ...202032092911
coronavirus interactions with the cellular autophagy machinery.the covid-19 pandemic, caused by the sars-cov-2 virus, is the most recent example of an emergent coronavirus that poses a significant threat to human health. virus-host interactions play a major role in the viral life cycle and disease pathogenesis, and cellular pathways such as macroautophagy/autophagy prove to be either detrimental or beneficial to viral replication and maturation. here, we describe the literature over the past twenty years describing autophagy-coronavirus interactions. there ...202032964796
antiviral therapy in management of covid-19: a systematic review on current evidence.the purpose of the current systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral therapies in treatment of covid-19. in addition, clinical trials on the efficacy of antiviral therapies in the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) or middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) have also been reviewed, in order to identify potential treatment options for covid-19.202032309809
the first clusters of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in oman: time to act.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), is an emerging infectious disease of growing global importance. this review describes the latest mers-cov clusters and the first cases of nosocomial transmission within health care facilities in oman. we have highlighted lessons learned and proposed steps to prevent healthcare-associated infections.202032307315
novel guanosine derivatives against mers cov polymerase: an in silico perspective.the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers cov), also termed camel flu, is a new viral infection that first reported in the year 2012 in the middle east region and further spread during the last seven years. mers cov is characterized by its high mortality rate among different human coronaviruses. mers cov polymerase shares more than 20% sequence identity with the hepatitis c virus (hcv) non-structural 5b (ns5b) rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). despite the low sequence identity, t ...202032306854
coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: covid-19, sars-cov-1, mers-cov and lessons from the past.coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a novel coronavirus strain disease, has recently emerged in china and rapidly spread worldwide. this novel strain is highly transmittable and severe disease has been reported in up to 16% of hospitalized cases. more than 600,000 cases have been confirmed and the number of deaths is constantly increasing. covid-19 hospitalized patients, especially those suffering from severe respiratory or systemi ...202032305883
middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.emerging infectious diseases continue to be of a significant importance worldwide with the potential to cause major outbreaks and global pandemics. in 2002, the world had witnessed the appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in china which disappeared abruptly within 6 months. about a decade later, a new and emerging novel coronavirus named the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was described in a patient from saudi arabia. these two coronaviruses sha ...202032305045
crystal structure of nsp15 endoribonuclease nendou from sars-cov-2.severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is rapidly spreading around the world. there is no existing vaccine or proven drug to prevent infections and stop virus proliferation. although this virus is similar to human and animal sars-covs and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-covs), the detailed information about sars-cov-2 proteins structures and functions is urgently needed to rapidly develop effective vaccines, antibodies, and antivirals. we applied high-thr ...202032304108
structural basis of sars-cov-2 3clpro and anti-covid-19 drug discovery from medicinal plants.the recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by sars-cov-2 has raised global health concerns. the viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3clpro) enzyme controls coronavirus replication and is essential for its life cycle. 3clpro is a proven drug discovery target in the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). recent studies revealed that the genome sequence of sars-cov-2 is very simila ...202032296570
middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein suppresses type i and type iii interferon induction by targeting rig-i signaling.type i and type iii interferons (ifns) are the frontline of antiviral defense mechanisms that trigger hundreds of downstream antiviral genes. in this study, we observed that mers-cov nucleocapsid (n) protein suppresses type i and type iii ifn gene expression. the n protein suppresses sendai virus-induced ifn-β and ifn-λ1 by reducing their promoter activity and mrna levels, as well as downstream ifn-stimulated genes (isgs). retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) is known to recognize viral rna an ...202032295922
coronavirus infections: epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses.coronaviruses (covs) are a large family of enveloped, positive-strand rna viruses. four human covs (hcovs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-like hcovs (namely hcov 229e, nl63, oc43, and hku1), are globally endemic and account for a substantial fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. non-sars-like cov can occasionally produce severe diseases in frail subjects but do not cause any major (fatal) epidemics. in contrast, sars like covs (namely sars-cov and middle-east respira ...202032292881
a review of sars-cov-2 and the ongoing clinical trials.the sudden outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov, later named sars-cov-2) in wuhan, china, which rapidly grew into a global pandemic, marked the third introduction of a virulent coronavirus into the human society, affecting not only the healthcare system, but also the global economy. although our understanding of coronaviruses has undergone a huge leap after two precedents, the effective approaches to treatment and epidemiological control are still lacking. in this article, we present a ...202032290293
nipah virus: past outbreaks and future containment.viral outbreaks of varying frequencies and severities have caused panic and havoc across the globe throughout history. influenza, small pox, measles, and yellow fever reverberated for centuries, causing huge burden for economies. the twenty-first century witnessed the most pathogenic and contagious virus outbreaks of zoonotic origin including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), ebola virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and nipah virus. nipah is co ...202032325930
safety and immunogenicity of a modified vaccinia virus ankara vector vaccine candidate for middle east respiratory syndrome: an open-label, phase 1 trial.the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes a respiratory disease with a case fatality rate of up to 35%. given its potential to cause a public health emergency and the absence of efficacious drugs or vaccines, mers is one of the who priority diseases warranting urgent research and development of countermeasures. we aimed to assess safety and tolerability of an anti-mers-cov modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva)-based vaccine candidate that expresses the mers-cov spike glyc ...202032325037
what's new with the old coronaviruses?coronaviruses contribute to the burden of respiratory diseases in children, frequently manifesting in upper respiratory symptoms considered to be part of the "common cold." recent epidemics of novel coronaviruses recognized in the 21st century have highlighted issues of zoonotic origins of transmissible respiratory viruses and potential transmission, disease, and mortality related to these viruses. in this review, we discuss what is known about the virology, epidemiology, and disease associated ...202032314790
recent apprise on coronavirus and its terrible insinuations.epidemically increased evidence reveals that the link between the 2019-ncov and other similar strain of coronaviruses circulating in bats and specifically the rhinopodous bat sub-species. these sub-species are ample and widely present in southern china, middle east africa and europe. recent studies show that more than 500 cov have been identified in bats in china. the center for diseases control and prevention and the world health organization maintains a website that is updated frequently with ...202032313822
impact of covid-19 on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.previous outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) have been associated with unfavourable pregnancy outcomes. sars-cov-2 belongs to the human coronavirus family, and since this infection shows a pandemic trend it will involve many pregnant women.202033148440
serpentoviruses: more than respiratory pathogens.in recent years, nidoviruses have emerged as important respiratory pathogens of reptiles, affecting captive python populations. in pythons, nidovirus (recently reclassified as serpentovirus) infection induces an inflammation of the upper respiratory and alimentary tract which can develop into a severe, often fatal proliferative pneumonia. we observed pyogranulomatous and fibrinonecrotic lesions in organ systems other than the respiratory tract during full postmortem examinations on 30 serpentovi ...202032641481
diagnostic delays in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients and health systems.although middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) diagnostic delays remain a major challenge in health systems, the source of delays has not been recognized in the literature. the aim of this study is to quantify patient and health-system delays and to identify their associated factors.202031006635
climate factors and incidence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus.our understanding of climate factors and their links to the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreaks is incomplete. this study aimed to estimate the monthly incidence of mers-cov cases and to investigate their correlation to climate factors.202031813836
narrative review of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection: updates and implications for practice. 202031256729
activation of c-type lectin receptor and (rig)-i-like receptors contributes to proinflammatory response in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected macrophages.human infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) poses an ongoing threat to public health worldwide. the studies of mers patients with severe disease and experimentally infected animals showed that robust viral replication and intensive proinflammatory response in lung tissues contribute to high pathogenicity of mers-cov. we sought to identify pattern recognition receptor (prr) signaling pathway(s) that mediates the inflammatory cascade in human macrophages upon mers- ...202031562757
mers-cov infection among healthcare workers and risk factors for death: retrospective analysis of all laboratory-confirmed cases reported to who from 2012 to 2 june 2018.approximately half of the reported laboratory-confirmed infections of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) have occurred in healthcare settings, and healthcare workers constitute over one third of all secondary infections. this study aimed to describe secondary cases of mers-cov infection among healthcare workers and to identify risk factors for death.202031056437
characteristics and outcome of viral pneumonia caused by influenza and middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus infections: a 4-year experience from a tertiary care center.after the emergence of new influenza viruses, the morbidity and mortality of viral pneumonia have received a great attention.202031333767
remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits rna-dependent rna polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potency.effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) are urgently needed to control this current pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). replication of sars-cov-2 depends on the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), which is the likely target of the investigational nucleotide analogue remdesivir (rdv). rdv shows broad-spectrum antiviral activity against rna viruses, and previous studies with rdrps from ebola virus and middle east respiratory ...202032284326
molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of covid-19.coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the emergence of sars-cov-2 has been marked as the third introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in the twenty-first century. in this minireview, we provide a brief introduction of the gene ...202032282863
interorganizational coordination and collaboration during the 2015 mers-cov response in south korea.this study examined the way organizations were involved in the response to the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov, mers) outbreak that occurred in korea in 2015.202032279680
cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with covid-19.in december 2019, the world started to face a new pandemic situation, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). although coronavirus disease (covid-19) clinical manifestations are mainly respiratory, major cardiac complications are being reported. cardiac manifestations etiology seems to be multifactorial, comprising direct viral myocardial damage, hypoxia, hypotension, enhanced inflammatory status, ace2-receptors downregulation, drug toxicity, endogenous catecholamine ad ...202032270559
insight into 2019 novel coronavirus - an updated interim review and lessons from sars-cov and mers-cov.the rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by a zoonotic beta-coronavirus entitled 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov), has become a global threat. awareness of the biological features of 2019-ncov should be updated in time and needs to be comprehensively summarized to help optimize control measures and make therapeutic decisions.202032247050
middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and covid-19 infection during pregnancy. 202032247017
[progress and challenge of vaccine development against 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-ncov)].the outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) infection poses a serious threat to global public health. vaccination is an effective way to prevent the epidemic of the virus. 2019-ncov along with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) belong to the same β-genus of coronavirus family. basing on the previous experience and the technical platform of developing sars-cov and mers-cov vaccines, scientists from all over t ...202032234130
cd-sace2 inclusion compounds: an effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19).coronaviruses are common human viruses and include the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the sars-cov-2. coronaviruses mainly bind to transmembrane receptor proteins on the human cell membrane through spike proteins (s-proteins), thus releasing the rna of the virus into the interior of the host cell to cause an infection. in this article, we discuss the mechanism and production of cyclodextrin-soluble angiotensin-conver ...202032232976
competing endogenous rna network profiling reveals novel host dependency factors required for mers-cov propagation.circular rnas (circrnas) are an integral component of the host competitive endogenous rna (cerna) network. these noncoding rnas are characterized by their unique splicing reactions to form covalently closed loop structures and play important rna regulatory roles in cells. recent studies showed that circrna expressions were perturbed in viral infections and circrnas might serve as potential antiviral targets. we investigated the host cerna network changes and biological relevance of circrnas in h ...202032223537
[epidemiology, treatment, and epidemic prevention and control of the coronavirus disease 2019: a review].this review summarizes the ongoing researches regarding etiology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, treatment, and prevention and control strategies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), with comparison to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and pandemic h1n1 virus. sars-cov-2 may be originated from bats, and the patients and asymptomatic c ...202032220177
managing oncology services during a major coronavirus outbreak: lessons from the saudi arabia experience.outbreaks of infectious etiology, particularly those caused by a novel virus that has no known treatment or vaccine, may result in the interruption of medical care provided to patients with cancer and put them at risk for undertreatment in addition to the risk of being exposed to infection, a life-threatening event among patients with cancer. this article describes the approach used to manage patients with cancer during a large-scale middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus hospital outbreak ...202032216653
covid-19 and the digestive system.the novel coronavirus disease is currently causing a major pandemic. it is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a member of the betacoronavirus genus that also includes the sars-cov and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. while patients typically present with fever and a respiratory illness, some patients also report gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. studies have identified the sars-cov-2 rna in stool specim ...202032215956
a numerical study of ventilation strategies for infection risk mitigation in general inpatient wards.aerial dispersion of human exhaled microbial contaminants and subsequent contamination of surfaces is a potential route for infection transmission in hospitals. most general hospital wards have ventilation systems that drive air and thus contaminants from the patient areas towards the corridors. this study investigates the transport mechanism and deposition patterns of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) within a typical six bedded general inpatient ward cubicle through numer ...202032211123
inhibition of sars-cov 3cl protease by flavonoids.there were severe panics caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle-east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. therefore, researches targeting these viruses have been required. coronaviruses (covs) have been rising targets of some flavonoids. the antiviral activity of some flavonoids against covs is presumed directly caused by inhibiting 3c-like protease (3clpro). here, we applied a flavonoid library to systematically probe inhibitory compounds against sars-cov 3clpro. herbacetin, ...202031724441
seroprevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in public health workers responding to a mers outbreak in seoul, republic of korea, in 2015. 202031720054
burden of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in saudi arabia.mers-coronavirus infection is currently responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in saudi arabia. understanding its burden, as an emerging infectious disease, is vital for devising appropriate control strategies. in this study, the burden of mers-cov was estimated over 31months period from june 6, 2012 to january 5, 2015. the total number of patients was 835; 528 (63.2%) patients were male, 771 (92.3%) patients were ≥25 years of age, and 210 (25.1%) patients were healthcare workers. ...202031843650
genetic diversity of mers-cov spike protein gene in saudi arabia.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was primarily detected in 2012 and still causing disease in human and camel. camel and bats have been identified as a potential source of virus for disease spread to human. although, significant information related to mers-cov disease, spread, infection, epidemiology, clinical features have been published, a little information is available on the sequence diversity of spike protein gene. the spike protein gene plays a significant role in vi ...202031831395
immunogenicity of a dna vaccine candidate for covid-19.the coronavirus family member, sars-cov-2 has been identified as the causal agent for the pandemic viral pneumonia disease, covid-19. at this time, no vaccine is available to control further dissemination of the disease. we have previously engineered a synthetic dna vaccine targeting the mers coronavirus spike (s) protein, the major surface antigen of coronaviruses, which is currently in clinical study. here we build on this prior experience to generate a synthetic dna-based vaccine candidate ta ...202032433465
selection of viral variants during persistent infection of insectivorous bat cells with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus.coronaviruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) are speculated to have originated in bats. the mechanisms by which these viruses are maintained in individuals or populations of reservoir bats remain an enigma. mathematical models have predicted long-term persistent infection with low levels of periodic shedding as a likely route for virus maintenance and spillover from bats. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that bat cells and m ...202032350357
knowledge and attitude of dental health professionals about middle east respiratory syndrome in saudi arabia.this study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of practicing dental health professionals (dhps) (dentist and dental auxiliaries) toward middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in saudi arabia.202029780739
lack of seasonal variation of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). 202030218713
outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, saudi arabian experience.mers-cov infection is uncommonly identified among patients visiting healthcare facilities & we were vigilant in screening all patients entering our hospital to prevent cross infection among patients, visitors & healthcare providers and aiming to prevent potential outbreaks with mers-cov infection. in spite of our efforts on practicing failure mode effect analysis for mers-cov infection management we ended up having an outbreak with mers-cov. based on our experience, we actively implemented polic ...202032501422
lack of susceptibility to sars-cov-2 and mers-cov in poultry.we challenged chickens, turkeys, ducks, quail, and geese with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. we observed no disease and detected no virus replication and no serum antibodies. we concluded that poultry are unlikely to serve a role in maintenance of either virus.202033219803
clinical predictors of mortality of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection: a cohort study.since the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012, the virus had caused a high case fatality rate. the clinical presentation of mers varied from asymptomatic to severe bilateral pneumonia, depending on the case definition and surveillance strategies. there are few studies examining the mortality predictors in this disease. in this study, we examined clinical predictors of mortality of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) infection.202030872071
individual and network characteristic associated with hospital-acquired middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus.during outbreaks of infectious diseases, transmission of the pathogen can form networks of infected individuals connected either directly or indirectly.202030578142
asymptomatic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection: extent and implications for infection control: a systematic review.the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012 and attracted an international attention as the virus caused multiple healthcare associated outbreaks. there are reports of the role of asymptomatic individuals in the transmission of mers-cov, however, the exact role is not known.202030550839
the molecular virology of coronaviruses.few human pathogens have been the focus of as much concentrated worldwide attention as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the cause of covid-19. its emergence into the human population and ensuing pandemic came on the heels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), two other highly pathogenic coronavirus spillovers, which collectively have reshaped our view of a virus family previously assoc ...202032661197
impact of thiol-disulfide balance on the binding of covid-19 spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor.the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has led to an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (covid-19), which started in 2019. this is a member of coronaviridae family in the genus betacoronavirus, which also includes sars-cov and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) is the functional receptor for sars-cov and sars-cov-2 to enter the host cells. in particular, the interaction of viral sp ...202032656452
evolving sequence mutations in the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov).middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has continued to cause sporadic outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection over the last 8 years.202032654959
the spatial allocation of hospitals with negative pressure isolation rooms in korea: are we prepared for new outbreaks?allocation of adequate healthcare facilities is one of the most important factors that public health policymakers consider when preparing for infectious disease outbreaks. negative pressure isolation rooms (npirs) are one of the critical resources for control of infectious respiratory diseases, such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak. however, there is insufficient attention to efficient allocation of npir-equipped hospitals.202032654437
assessment of th1/th2 cytokines among patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a member of the beta-coronavirus genus of zoonotic origin that emerged in the arabian peninsula and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. this study was conducted to assess the plasma levels of cytokines to evaluate the th1/th2 status among 46 mers-cov infected patients (19 asymptomatic and 27 symptomatic) and 52 normal healthy controls using a customized luminex kit. comparative analysis of data between mers-cov infect ...202032645711
neuroinvasive potential of a primary respiratory pathogen sars- cov2: summarizing the evidences.after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in the last two decades, the world is facing its new challenge in sars-cov-2 pandemic with unfathomable global responses. the characteristic clinical symptoms for coronavirus (covid-19) affected patients are high fever, dry-cough, dyspnoea, lethal pneumonia whereas some patients also show additional neurological signs such as headache, nausea, vomiting etc. ...202032640417
assessment of proton-coupled conformational dynamics of sars and mers coronavirus papain-like proteases: implication for designing broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors.broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are urgently needed to stop the covid-19 pandemic and prevent future ones. the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is related to sars-cov and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), which have caused the previous outbreaks. the papain-like protease (plpro) is an attractive drug target due to its essential roles in the viral life cycle. as a cysteine protease, plpro is rich in cysteines and histidines and their protona ...202032637952
novel coronavirus pandemic: a clinical overview.the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is an emergent public health crisis threatening the current world health establishment. the sars-co-2 was first identified in wuhan, hubei province, china, in december 2019. there have been about 6.5 million reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) and about 350 000 reported deaths throughout the world within the last 6 months from the onset of the epidemic. the virus is primarily transmitted by inhalation ...202032633997
rna-dependent rna polymerase of sars-cov-2 as a therapeutic target.the global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), named coronavirus disease 2019, has infected more than 8.9 million people worldwide. this calls for urgent effective therapeutic measures. rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity in viral transcription and replication has been recognized as an attractive target to design novel antiviral strategies. although sars-cov-2 shares less genetic similarity with sars-cov (~79%) and middle east respiratory syn ...202032633831
sars, mers and covid-19: clinical manifestations and organ-system complications: a mini review.middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) are caused by three distinct coronaviruses belonging to the same genus. covid-19 and its two predecessors share many important features in their clinical presentations, and in their propensity for progression to severe disease which is marked by high rates of morbidity and mortality. however, comparison of the three viral illnesses also reveals a number of specific difference ...202032633327
comparing sars-cov-2 with sars-cov and influenza pandemics.the objective of this personal view is to compare transmissibility, hospitalisation, and mortality rates for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) with those of other epidemic coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), and pandemic influenza viruses. the basic reproductive rate (r0) for sars-cov-2 is estimated to be 2·5 (range 1·8-3·6) compared with 2·0-3·0 for sars-cov and th ...202032628905
covid-19: are we dealing with a multisystem vasculopathy in disguise of a viral infection?after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in the last two decades, the world is facing its new challenge in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic with unprecedented global response. with the expanding domain of presentations in covid-19 patients, the full range of manifestations is yet to unfold. the classical clinical symptoms for sars-cov-2 affected patients are dry ...202032627126
a comprehensive review of manifestations of novel coronaviruses in the context of deadly covid-19 global pandemic.since december 2019, the global pandemic caused by the highly infectious novel coronavirus 2019-ncov (covid-19) has been rapidly spreading. as of april 2020, the outbreak has spread to over 210 countries, with over 2,400,000 confirmed cases and over 170,000 deaths.1 covid-19 causes a severe pneumonia characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath. similar coronavirus outbreaks have occurred in the past causing severe pneumonia like covid-19, most recently, severe acute respiratory syndrom ...202032620220
cyclophilin inhibitors restrict middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus via interferon λ in vitro and in mice.while severe coronavirus infections, including middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) cause lung injury with high mortality rates, protective treatment strategies are not approved for clinical use.202032616594
lessons learned so far from the pandemic: a review on pregnants and neonates with covid-19.there are concerns regarding the risk and the course of covid-19 in pregnancy and in the neonates. in this review, we aimed to present the current understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection during pregnancy and neonatal periods considering diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention. few studies on pregnant women with covid-19 have been conducted between december 2019 and april 2020. the majority of patients applied in the third trimester and pres ...202032612432
a comprehensive review of animal models for coronaviruses: sars-cov-2, sars-cov, and mers-cov.the recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (covid-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has already affected a large population of the world. sars-cov-2 belongs to the same family of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). covid-19 has a complex pathology involving severe acute respiratory infection, hyper-immune response, and coagulopathy. at present, there is no therapeu ...202032607866
neuroimaging and neurologic findings in covid-19 and other coronavirus infections: a systematic review in 116 patients.various neurologic syndromes have been described in patients with covid-19 and other coronavirus infections. in this paper, we systematically reviewed the available imaging findings of patients diagnosed with neurological symptoms associated with coronavirus infections. diverse radiologic results in the context of different neurologic presentations have been demonstrated using ct and mri. while many patients have normal imaging evaluations, some patients present with intra-axial and extra-axial ...202032603770
systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of nanoscale materials against coronaviruses-possible potential antiviral agents for sars-cov-2.the available antiviral agents and their potential for the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak are important interventions. a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize the available evidence on the efficacy of nanoscale materials against coronaviruses in vitro and in animal models. pubmed, scopus and wiley online library databases were searched up to 4 march 2020. studies that developed the efficacy of nanoscale materials against coronaviruses were inc ...202032603297
nosocomial outbreak of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a phylogenetic, epidemiological, clinical and infection control analysis.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) continues to cause intermittent community and nosocomial outbreaks. obtaining data on specific source(s) and transmission dynamics of mers-cov during nosocomial outbreaks has been challenging. we performed a clinical, epidemiological and phylogenetic investigation of an outbreak of mers-cov at a university hospital in riyadh, kingdom of saudi arabia.202032599173
a close look at the biology of sars-cov-2, and the potential influence of weather conditions and seasons on covid-19 case spread.there is sufficient epidemiological and biological evidence of increased human susceptibility to viral pathogens such as middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and influenza virus, in cold weather. the pattern of outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in china during the flu season is further proof that meteorological conditions may potentially influence the susceptibility of human populations to coronaviruses, a situation th ...202032586369
imaging findings in coronavirus infections: sars-cov, mers-cov, and sars-cov-2.during the first two decades of the 21st century, there have been three coronavirus infection outbreaks raising global health concerns by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), and the sars-cov-2. although the reported imaging findings of coronavirus infection are variable and non-specific, the most common initial chest radiograph (cxr) and ct findings are ground-glass opacities and consolidation with peripheral pred ...202032584604
coronavirus disease 2019-covid-19.summaryin recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including ebola virus, zika virus, nipah virus, and coronaviruses (covs). recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in wuhan city, china, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced covs, suggesting a novel cov strain (2019-ncov), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome cov-2 (sars-cov-2). although coronavirus disease 2 ...202032580969
masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including sars-cov-2, in health care and community settings : a living rapid review.recommendations on masks for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) vary.202032579379
autophagy/virophagy: a "disposal strategy" to combat covid-19.given the devastating consequences of the current covid-19 pandemic and its impact on all of us, the question arises as to whether manipulating the cellular degradation (recycling, waste disposal) mechanism known as macroautophagy/autophagy (in particular, the selective degradation of virus particles, termed virophagy) might be a beneficial approach to fight the novel coronavirus, sars-cov-2. knowing that "autophagy can reprocess everything", it seems almost inevitable that, sooner rather than l ...202032578486
obstetric management of covid-19 in pregnant women.the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (covid-19), which is caused by the novel beta coronavirus, sars-cov-2, is currently prevalent all over the world, causing thousands of deaths with relatively high virulence. like two other notable beta coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), sars-cov-2 can lead to severe contagious respiratory disease. due to impaired cellular immunity and physiological changes, pre ...202032574255
persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in aerosol suspensions.we aerosolized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and determined that its dynamic aerosol efficiency surpassed those of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and middle east respiratory syndrome. although we performed experiment only once across several laboratories, our findings suggest retained infectivity and virion integrity for up to 16 hours in respirable-sized aerosols.202032568661
surveillance and testing for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, saudi arabia, march 2016-march 2019.during march 2016-march 2019, a total of 200,936 suspected cases of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection were identified in saudi arabia; infections were confirmed in 698 cases (0.3% [0.7/100,000 population per year]). continued surveillance is necessary for early case detection and timely infection control response.202032568049
the influence of interferon-lambda on restricting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in the respiratory epithelium.middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes severe respiratory in human with high mortality and it has been a challenge to determine optimum treatment for mers-cov-induced respiratory infection. here, we observed the distribution of mers-cov receptors using human respiratory mucosa and also evaluated the contribution of interferon-lambdas (ifn-λs) in response to mers-cov infection using in vitro normal human nasal epithelial (nhne) and bronchial epithelial (nhbe) cells. we fou ...202032565134
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