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antibacterial activity of blue light against nosocomial wound pathogens growing planktonically and as mature biofilms.the blue wavelengths within the visible light spectrum are intrinisically antimicrobial and can photodynamically inactivate the cells of a wide spectrum of bacteria (gram positive and negative) and fungi. furthermore, blue light is equally effective against both drug-sensitive and -resistant members of target species and is less detrimental to mammalian cells than is uv radiation. blue light is currently used for treating acnes vulgaris and helicobacter pylori infections; the utility for deconta ...201627129967
spectrum of microbial diseases and resistance patterns at a private teaching hospital in kenya: implications for clinical practice.accurate local prevalence of microbial diseases and microbial resistance data are vital for optimal treatment of patients. however, there are few reports of these data from developing countries, especially from sub-saharan africa. the status of aga khan university hospital nairobi as an internationally accredited hospital and a laboratory with an electronic medical record system has made it possible to analyze local prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility data and compare it with other publi ...201626807811
mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in eskape pathogens.the eskape pathogens (enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter species) are the leading cause of nosocomial infections throughout the world. most of them are multidrug resistant isolates, which is one of the greatest challenges in clinical practice. multidrug resistance is amongst the top three threats to global public health and is usually caused by excessive drug usage or prescription, inappropriate us ...201627274985
rainbow vectors for broad-range bacterial fluorescence labeling.since their discovery, fluorescent proteins have been widely used to study protein function, localization or interaction, promoter activity and regulation, drug discovery or for non-invasive imaging. they have been extensively modified to improve brightness, stability, and oligomerization state. however, only a few studies have focused on understanding the dynamics of fluorescent proteins expression in bacteria. in this work, we developed a set plasmids encoding 12 fluorescent proteins for bacte ...201626937640
imipenem represses crispr-cas interference of dna acquisition through h-ns stimulation in klebsiella pneumoniae.analysis of the genome of klebsiella pneumoniae ntuh-k2044 strain revealed the presence of two clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) arrays separated with crispr-associated (cas) genes. carbapenem-resistant k. pneumoniae isolates were observed to be less likely to have crispr-cas than sensitive strains (5/85 vs. 22/132). removal of the transcriptional repressor, h-ns, was shown to prevent the transformation of plasmids carrying a spacer and putative proto-spacer adja ...201627531594
broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of forest-derived soil actinomycete, nocardia sp. pb-52.a mesophilic actinomycete strain designated as pb-52 was isolated from soil samples of pobitora wildlife sanctuary of assam, india. based on phenotypic and molecular characteristics, the strain was identified as nocardia sp. which shares 99.7% sequence similarity with nocardia niigatensis ifm 0330 (nr_112195). the strain is a gram-positive filamentous bacterium with rugose spore surface which exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-re ...201627047463
dissimilar fitness associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones influences clonal dynamics of various multiresistant bacteria.fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones was recently shown to vary across clones of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae. the resulting dissimilar fitness should have influenced the clonal dynamics and thereby the rates of resistance for these pathogens. moreover, a similar mechanism was recently proposed for the emergence of the h30 and h30r lineages of esbl-producing e. coli and the major international ...201627458434
a retrospective study of pyogenic liver abscess focusing on klebsiella pneumoniae as a primary pathogen in china from 1994 to 2015.pyogenic liver abscess (pla) is a common intra-abdominal infection in adults. in this study, we aim to explore demographic and clinical characteristics of pla focusing on klebsiella pneumoniae (k. pneumoniae) induced pla (kp-pla) in mainland china. a retrospective review of medical records from all patients with kp-pla admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital over a 21-year period (1994-2015) was performed. among 296 pla cases with confirmed culture-positive data, k. pneumoniae was revealed as t ...201627929082
structures of the nucleoid occlusion protein slma bound to dna and the c-terminal domain of the cytoskeletal protein ftsz.cell division in most prokaryotes is mediated by ftsz, which polymerizes to create the cytokinetic z ring. multiple ftsz-binding proteins regulate ftsz polymerization to ensure the proper spatiotemporal formation of the z ring at the division site. the dna-binding protein slma binds to ftsz and prevents z-ring formation through the nucleoid in a process called "nucleoid occlusion" (no). as do most ftsz-accessory proteins, slma interacts with the conserved c-terminal domain (ctd) that is connecte ...201627091999
encapsulation of bacteriophage in liposome accentuates its entry in to macrophage and shields it from neutralizing antibodies.phage therapy has been a centre of attraction for biomedical scientists to treat infections caused by drug resistant strains. however, ability of phage to act only on extracellular bacteria and probability of interference by anti-phage antibodies in vivo is considered as a important limitation of bacteriophage therapy. to overcome these hurdles, liposome were used as delivery vehicle for phage in this study. anti-phage antibodies were raised in mice and pooled serum was evaluated for its ability ...201627115154
pathogens in ornamental waters: a pilot study.in parks, ornamental waters of easy access and populated with animals are quite attractive to children and yet might hide threats to human health. the present work focuses on the microbiota of the ornamental waters of a lisboa park, characterized during 2015. the results show a dynamic microbiota integrating human pathogens such as klebsiella pneumoniae, aeromonas spp. and enterobacter spp., and also antibiotic resistant bacteria. k. pneumoniae and aeromonas spp. were present as planktonic and b ...201626891309
rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test for identification of new therapeutics and drug combinations against multidrug-resistant bacteria.current antimicrobial susceptibility testing has limited screening capability for identifying empirical antibiotic combinations to treat severe bacterial infections with multidrug-resistant (mdr) organisms. we developed a new antimicrobial susceptibility assay using automated ultra-high-throughput screen technology in combination with a simple bacterial growth assay. a rapid screening of 5170 approved drugs and other compounds identified 25 compounds with activities against mdr klebsiella pneumo ...201627826141
temperature-dependent gentamicin resistance of francisella tularensis is mediated by uptake modulation.gentamicin (gm) is an aminoglycoside commonly used to treat bacterial infections such as tularemia - the disease caused by francisella tularensis. in addition to being pathogenic, f. tularensis is found in environmental niches such as soil where this bacterium likely encounters gm producers (micromonospora sp.). here we show that f. tularensis exhibits increased resistance to gm at ambient temperature (26°c) compared to mammalian body temperature (37°c). to evaluate whether f. tularensis was les ...201626858709
comprehensive genome analysis of carbapenemase-producing enterobacter spp.: new insights into phylogeny, population structure, and resistance mechanisms.knowledge regarding the genomic structure of enterobacter spp., the second most prevalent carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae, remains limited. here we sequenced 97 clinical enterobacter species isolates that were both carbapenem susceptible and resistant from various geographic regions to decipher the molecular origins of carbapenem resistance and to understand the changing phylogeny of these emerging and drug-resistant pathogens. of the carbapenem-resistant isolates, 30 possessed blakpc ...201627965456
plasmid dynamics in kpc-positive klebsiella pneumoniae during long-term patient colonization.carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strains are formidable hospital pathogens that pose a serious threat to patients around the globe due to a rising incidence in health care facilities, high mortality rates associated with infection, and potential to spread antibiotic resistance to other bacterial species, such as escherichia coli over 6 months in 2011, 17 patients at the national institutes of health (nih) clinical center became colonized with a highly virulent, transmissible carbapenem ...201627353756
complete sequence of blakpc-2-harboring plasmid with a mosaic of incn1- and incn3-type plasmids in a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from south korea. 201626643324
in vitro antimicrobial activity of a siderophore cephalosporin, s-649266, against enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates, including carbapenem-resistant strains.s-649266 is a novel siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic with a catechol moiety on the 3-position side chain. two sets of clinical isolate collections were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of s-649266 against enterobacteriaceae. these sets included 617 global isolates collected between 2009 and 2011 and 233 β-lactamase-identified isolates, including 47 kpc-, 49 ndm-, 12 vim-, and 8 imp-producers. the mic90 values of s-649266 against the first set of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumo ...201626574013
prevalence and molecular characteristics of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae from five hospitals in korea.the emergence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) represents a major clinical problem because these bacteria are resistant to most antibiotics. cpe remain relatively uncommon in korea. we report the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and molecular epidemiology of cpe isolates collected from five university hospitals in korea.201627578505
laboratory detection and clinical implication of oxacillinase-48 like carbapenemase: the hidden threat.carbapenemase producing gram-negative pathogen is of great concern for physician. the challenging aspects are treatment option and infection control. monitoring of respective carbapenemase resistance mechanism is necessary to prevent the outbreaks. currently, the rapid emergence of oxacillinase (oxa-48) like is alarming. increasing frequency of oxa-48 is seen than the classical carbapenemase (kpc, ndm, imp, and vim) across the world. the bla oxa-48 gene is commonly identified in escherichia coli ...201627013843
a structural, epidemiological & genetic overview of klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (kpcs).klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (kpcs) are plasmid encoded carbapenem hydrolyzing enzymes which have the potential to spread widely through gene transfer. the instability of upstream region of blakpc accelerates emergence of different isoforms. routine antibiotic susceptibility testing failed to detect kpc producers and some commercial kits have been launched for early identification of kpc producers. notable among the drugs under development against kpc are mostly derivatives of polymixin; ...201627834322
antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteriaceae in brazil: focus on β-lactams and polymyxins.during the last 30 years there has been a dissemination of plasmid-mediated β-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in brazil. extended spectrum β-lactamases (esbl) are widely disseminated in the hospital setting and are detected in a lower frequency in the community setting. cefotaximases are the most frequently detected esbl type and klebsiella pneumoniae is the predominant species among esbl producers. klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae became widely disseminated in b ...201627825605
spread of tem, vim, shv, and ctx-m β-lactamases in imipenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli isolated from egyptian hospitals.carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli resulting from β-lactamases have been reported to be an important cause of nosocomial infections and are a critical therapeutic problem worldwide. this study aimed to describe the prevalence of imipenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli isolates and detection of bla vim, bla tem, bla shv, bla ctx-m-1, and bla ctx-m-9 genes in these clinical isolates in egyptian hospitals. the isolates were collected from various clinical samples, identified by conventiona ...201627123005
bacterial contamination of platelet products in the blood transfusion center of isfahan, iran.aim: overall the risk of transfusion transmitted infections has decreased, especially viral infections like hiv and hepatitis b and c. bacterial contamination of blood and its cellular components, however, remains a common microbiological cause of transfusion associated morbidity and mortality. platelets pose a special risk given their preservation methods. the incidence of these episodes needs to be assessed and updated on regular basis to accurately manage the risk of transfusion transmitted b ...201628066700
high prevalence of multidrug resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from outpatient urine samples but not the hospital environment in bo, sierra leone.the rising level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens is one of the most significant public health problems globally. while the antibiotic resistance of clinically important bacteria is closely tracked in many developed countries, the types and levels of resistance and multidrug resistance (mdr) among pathogens currently circulating in most countries of sub-saharan africa are virtually unknown.201627090787
emergence of oxa-162 carbapenemase- and dha-1 ampc cephalosporinase-producing sequence type 11 klebsiella pneumoniae causing community-onset infection in greece.oxa-48-like carbapenemases have only recently emerged in europe. oxa-162 is a rare oxa-48 variant usually coexpressed with extended-spectrum β-lactamases. here, we report the identification of the first oxa-162 carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, which coexpressed an ampc cephalosporinase (dha-1), retrieved from a patient in greece. they belonged to a single sequence type (st11) and caused the first documented community-onset urinary tract infections attributable to an oxa-48 ...201626666930
kpc-like carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae colonizing patients in europe and israel.in a 2008-2011 survey, 17,945 patients in 18 hospital units in europe and israel were screened for carriage of klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing enterobacteriaceae, resulting in identification of 124 positive patients. the isolates were dominated by klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258 (st258) kpc-2 and st512 kpc-3, mainly from greece and italy, respectively, whereas israeli isolates were of diverse species, clones, and kpc variants. various blakpc platforms were observed, a ...201626711772
intravenous colistin use for multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections in pediatric patients.the emergence of infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (mdr-gnb) has led to the resurrection of colistin use. the data on colistin use and drug-related adverse effects in children are scarce.201627994915
frequency of blood culture isolates and their antibiogram in a teaching hospital.bloodstream infections are associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality. antimicrobial susceptibility patterns should guide the choice of empiric antimicrobial regimens for patients with bacteremia.201626905550
bacteremic pneumonia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae: appropriateness of empirical treatment matters.clinical information about bacteremic pneumonia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing organism is limited.201625070279
scotti: efficient reconstruction of transmission within outbreaks with the structured coalescent.exploiting pathogen genomes to reconstruct transmission represents a powerful tool in the fight against infectious disease. however, their interpretation rests on a number of simplifying assumptions that regularly ignore important complexities of real data, in particular within-host evolution and non-sampled patients. here we propose a new approach to transmission inference called scotti (structured coalescent transmission tree inference). this method is based on a statistical framework that mod ...201627681228
bioprospecting of lipolytic microorganisms obtained from industrial effluents.the lipases have ability to catalyze diverse reactions and are important in different biotechnological applications. the aim of this work was to isolate and characterize microorganisms that produce lipases, from different food industry effluents localized in pelotas, rs/brazil. bacteria were identified using gram stain and biochemical tests (vitek 2(r)). fungi were identified according to macro and micromorphology characteristics. the extracellular lipase production was evaluated using the rhoda ...201627556331
physiological and molecular characteristics of carbapenem resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter aerogenes.bacterial resistance is a growing concern in the nosocomial environment in which klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter aerogenes play an important role due to their opportunism and carbapenemase-production. this work aimed to evaluate physiological and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant k. pneumoniae and e. aerogenes isolated in a brazilian tertiary hospital.201627367007
isolation of kpc 3-producing enterobacter aerogenes in a patient colonized by mdr klebsiella pneumoniae.we describe the interspecies transmission of the plasmid-mediated blakpc-3 gene, which confers carbapenem resistance, between clinically relevant gram-negative bacteria in a single patient. a kpc-3 producing enterobacter aerogenes was isolated from a hospitalized patient previously colonized and then infected by a klebsiella pneumoniae st101 carrying the blakpc-3 gene. the strains showed identical plasmids. since intense horizontal exchanges among bacteria can occur in the gut, clinicians should ...201627284988
multidrug-resistant combined infections in a liver transplanted patient: case report.we report a case of successfully treated multiple liver abscesses in a liver-transplanted patient, sustained by combined multidrug-resistant infections. two months after a liver transplant, a computed tomography scan revealed the presence of multiple abscesses in the liver graft. blood cultures and abscessual liver fluid were both positive for acquired colistin- and carbapenem- resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and an extended-spectrum of beta-lactamases-producing enterobacter aerogenes. the treat ...201627063638
mass gathering medicine (hajj pilgrimage in saudi arabia): the clinical pattern of pneumonia among pilgrims during hajj.the planned annual hajj to the holy shrines in makkah, saudi arabia, is recognized as one of the largest recurring religious mass gatherings globally, and the outbreak of infectious diseases is of major concern. we aim to study the incidence, etiology, risk factors, length of hospital stay, and mortality rate of pneumonia amongst pilgrims admitted to al-ansar general hospital, madinah, saudi arabia during the hajj period of december 2004-november 2013. a retrospective analysis of all patients di ...201627262693
in vivo acquisition of carbapenemase gene blakpc-2 in multiple species of enterobacteriaceae through horizontal transfer of insertion sequence or plasmid.objectives: current worldwide spread of carbapenem resistance in enterobacteriaceae constitutes a critical public health threat. this study aims to investigate how carbapenem resistance is acquired in enterobacteriaceae in patients during antimicrobial therapy. methods: clinical strains from the same anatomical site of the same patients that converted from carbapenem-susceptible to resistant during antimicrobial therapy and showed identical or similar pfge patterns were identified. the similarly ...201627818649
unusual indolent course of a chronic active epstein-barr virus-associated natural killer cell lymphoproliferative disorder.natural killer (nk) cell lymphoproliferative disorders are uncommon and the epstein-barr virus (ebv) plays an important aetiological role in their pathogenesis. we report a 20-year-old male with a chronic active ebv infection associated with a nk cell lymphoproliferative disorder which had an unusual indolent course. he presented to the sultan qaboos university hospital in muscat, oman, in december 2011 with a history of intermittent fever and coughing. examinations revealed generalised lymphade ...201627226916
biological activities of some acacia spp. (fabaceae) against new clinical isolates identified by ribosomal rna gene-based phylogenetic analysis.nowadays,most of the pathogenic bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. therefore,the pharmaceutical properties of the natural plant extracts have become of interest to researchers as alternative antimicrobial agents. in this study,antibacterial activities of extract gained from acacia etbaica, acacia laeta, acacia origena and acacia pycnantha have been evaluated against isolated pathogenic bacteria (strains mfm-01, mfm-10 and ah-09) using agar well diffusion methods.the bacterial strains were ...201626826814
isolation of enterobacter aerogenes carrying blatem-1 and blakpc-3 genes recovered from a hospital intensive care unit.enterobacter aerogenes has recently emerged as an important hospital pathogen. in this study, we showed the emergence of e. aerogenes isolates carrying the blakpc gene in patients colonized by carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strains. two multiresistant e. aerogenes isolates were recovered from bronchial aspirates of two patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit at the "santa maria della scaletta" hospital, imola. the antimicrobial susceptibility test showed the high resistance ...201627004836
occurrence and analysis of irp2 virulence gene in isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter spp. from microbiota and hospital and community-acquired infections.eighty-five isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter spp., originating from hospital- and community-acquired infections and from oropharyngeal and faecal microbiota from patients in recife-pe, brazil, were analyzed regarding the presence of irp2 gene. this is a yersinia typical gene involved in the synthesis of siderophore yersiniabactin. dna sequencing confirmed the identity of irp2 gene in five k. pneumoniae, five enterobacter aerogenes and one enterobacter amnigenus isolates. to our ...201627133266
etiology of early onset septicemia among neonates at the university college hospital, ibadan, nigeria.neonatal septicemia remains a major cause of newborn deaths in developing countries. its burden is further compounded by the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, which is related to a lack of antibiotic protocols resulting in unrestricted use of antibiotics. the absence of reliable antibiotic sensitivity testing makes the formulation of antibiotic guidelines and judicious use of antibiotics difficult. this study sought to identify the current bacterial agents associated with early onset s ...201628036314
[experience of the selection and maintainence for donor lung: 62 cases attached].objective: to summarize the experience of selection and maintainence for the lungs from donation. methods: from january 2015 to june 2016, 62 cases had been evaluated by department of thoracic surgery, first affiliated hospital of guangzhou medical university. all the clinic data had been collected to evaluate the donor lungs, including the basic information, physical examination, results of radiology and laboratory, the bronchoscope, etc. all the satisfactory donors had been harvested and trans ...201627916031
evaluation of low-dose ultraviolet light c for reduction of select eskape pathogens in a canine skin and muscle model.this study aimed at comparing the ability of low-dose uvc, 0.05% chlorhexidine, and combined uvc with 0.05% chlorhexidine to reduce colony-forming units (cfus) on select eskape pathogens (staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecium) in a canine skin and muscle model.201627415773
[role of bacteriobilia in postoperative complications].at present there is a controversy regarding the impact of positive bile cultures on morbidity and mortality rates, and on the incidence of readmissions in patients with biliar disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of bacteriobilia in postoperatory infections, mortality or readmissions in these patients.201627062981
γ-cyclodextrin capped silver nanoparticles for molecular recognition and enhancement of antibacterial activity of chloramphenicol.computational studies were conducted to identify the favourable formation of the inclusion complex of chloramphenicol with cyclodextrins. the results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics predicted the strongest interaction of chloramphenicol with γ-cyclodextrin. further, the inclusion complex of chloramphenicol with γ-cyclodextrin was experimentally prepared and a phenomenon of inclusion was verified by using different characterization techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis, differ ...201626824520
[comparative analysis of antibacterial effect of phytoantibiotics and antibiotics].the objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of individual medicines and containing sum of the phyto-extracts against the bacteria causing nosocomial infections in compare to antibiotics. in the investigation were involved four strains of gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and acinetobacter spp. each object was investigated on antibiotic resistance using kirby-bauer diffusion method on 22 types of antibiotics. the obje ...201628009321
structural basis for the inhibition of recbcd by gam and its synergistic antibacterial effect with quinolones.our previous paper (wilkinson et al, 2016) used high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy to solve the structure of the escherichia coli recbcd complex, which acts in both the repair of double-stranded dna breaks and the degradation of bacteriophage dna. to counteract the latter activity, bacteriophage λ encodes a small protein inhibitor called gam that binds to recbcd and inactivates the complex. here, we show that gam inhibits recbcd by competing at the dna-binding site. the interaction surface ...201628009252
assessment of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and integrons among enterobacteriaceae in device-associated infections: multicenter study in north of iran.device-associated nosocomial infections (da-nis), due to mdr enterobacteriaceae, are a major threat to patient safety in icus. we investigated on extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbl) producing enterobacteriaceae and incidence of integrons in these bacteria isolated from ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (cautis) in 18 governmental hospitals in the north of iran.201627980729
novel antibacterial compounds and their drug targets - successes and challenges.infectious diseases are one of the most important and urgent health problems in the world. according to the world health organization (who) statistics, infectious and parasitic diseases are a cause of about 16% of all deaths worldwide and over 40% of deaths in africa. a considerable progress that has been made during last hundred years in the fight against infectious diseases, in particular bacterial infections, can be attributed mainly to three factors: (1) the general improvement of living con ...201627978802
surveillance of gram-negative bacteria: impact of variation in current european laboratory reporting practice on apparent multidrug resistance prevalence in paediatric bloodstream isolates.this study evaluates whether estimated multidrug resistance (mdr) levels are dependent on the design of the surveillance system when using routine microbiological data. we used antimicrobial resistance data from the antibiotic resistance and prescribing in european children (arpec) project. the mdr status of bloodstream isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa was defined using european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc)-endorsed standardised a ...201628025699
surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in king khalid hospital, hafr al-batin, saudi arabia, during 2013.research to understand and control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance has become a public health priority.201627942366
estimating the morbidity and mortality associated with infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria (mdrb), france, 2012.a study based on 2007 data estimated that 386,000 infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria (mdrb) occurred in europe that year and 25,000 patients died from these infections. our objective was to estimate the morbidity and mortality associated with these infections in france.201627999665
antimicrobial resistance pattern: a report of microbiological cultures at a tertiary hospital in tanzania.antimicrobial resistance has been declared by the world health organization as a threat to the public health. the aim of this study was to analyze antimicrobial resistance patterns of the common pathogens occurring at the bugando medical centre (bmc), mwanza, tanzania to provide data for antimicrobial stewardship programmes.201627964724
epidemiology of nosocomial infections: about 70 cases.background - the infections associated with care (ias) constitute a major public health problem by the morbi- mortality than they generate as well as by their cost to support. the prevention of these infections has become a priority for several years everywhere in the world and in the occurrence in tunisia. aim - the purpose of our study is to assess the prevalence of nosocomial infections as well as develop their microbiologic  profiles in the different departments of  the hospital of fsi  mars ...201628051232
anthropogenic antibiotic resistance genes mobilization to the polar regions.anthropogenic influences in the southern polar region have been rare, but lately microorganisms associated with humans have reached antarctica, possibly from military bases, fishing boats, scientific expeditions, and/or ship-borne tourism. studies of seawater in areas of human intervention and proximal to fresh penguin feces revealed the presence of escherichia coli strains least resistant to antibiotics in penguins, whereas e. coli from seawater elsewhere showed resistance to one or more of the ...201627938628
[five-year analysis of microbial landscape of transplantation and dialysis center (20112015)].treatment of bacterial infections is pressing and difficult task of modern transplantology.201628247627
clinical and bacterial risk factors for mortality in children with carbapenem- resistant enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections in india.carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) are an increasing cause of nosocomial infection in hospitalized children worldwide. few studies have investigated risk factors for mortality in children with cre bloodstream infection (bsi). data are particularly scarce in areas where ndm and oxa carbapenemases predominate. here, we investigate mortality rates, clinical and microbiologic risk factors for mortality in 50 pediatric patients with crbsi in india.201628005691
isolation of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing gram negative bacilli from wound swab with their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.extended spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) producing organisms have become the major clinical concern worldwide. the present study was undertaken to see the frequency of esbls producing gram-negative bacilli with their antibiogram in post surgical wound swab collected over a period of 12 months from july 2011 to june 2012 at dhaka medical college hospital. among 200 samples 121(60.5%) gram negative bacilli and 52(26%) gram-positive bacteria were isolated. escherichia coli (36.42%) was the most predo ...201627941735
a novel microfluidic assay for rapid phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria detected in clinical blood cultures.appropriate antibiotic therapy is critical in the management of severe sepsis and septic shock to reduce mortality, morbidity and health costs. new methods for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing are needed because of increasing resistance rates to standard treatment.201627974860
breaking the spell: combating multidrug resistant 'superbugs'.multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria have become a severe threat to community wellbeing. conventional antibiotics are getting progressively more ineffective as a consequence of resistance, making it imperative to realize improved antimicrobial options. in this review we emphasized the microorganisms primarily reported of being resistance, referred as eskape pathogens (enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter baumanii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacte ...201626925046
ht-spoti: a rapid drug susceptibility test (dst) to evaluate antibiotic resistance profiles and novel chemicals for anti-infective drug discovery.antibiotic resistance is one of the major threats to global health and well-being. the past decade has seen an alarming rise in the evolution and spread of drug-resistant strains of pathogenic microbes. the emergence of extensively drug resistant (xdr) strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis and antimicrobial resistance among the eskape (enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter baumanii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter species) as well as fungal pa ...201626855282
a biodegradable polycationic paint that kills bacteria in vitro and in vivo.bacterial colonization and subsequent formation of biofilms onto surfaces of medical devices and implants is a major source of nosocomial infections. most antibacterial coatings to combat infections are either metal-based or nondegradable-polymer-based and hence limited by their nondegradability and unpredictable toxicity. moreover, to combat infections effectively, the coatings are required to display simultaneous antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. herein we report biocompatible and biodeg ...201627709890
bactericidal effect of γ-radiation with (137)cesium in platelet concentrates.γ-radiation is a method that was originally designed for inactivation of t lymphocytes in blood and blood components in order to prevent transfusion associated-graft versus host disease (ta-gvhd). klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecium and staphylococcus epidermidis strains are important pathogens in blood banks since they have been related to post-transfusional sepsis. this study was conducted to demonstrate that γ-radiation is effective in reducing the viability of bacte ...201627765662
etiologies of community-onset urinary tract infections requiring hospitalization and antimicrobial susceptibilities of causative microorganisms.community-onset urinary tract infections (coutis) are the most common bacterial infections, and a decline in antibiotic susceptibility causes many clinical challenges. adequate empiric antibiotic treatment can decrease unnecessary hospital stays and complications, while reducing the antimicrobial resistance progression.201628087318
etiological profile of early neonatal bacterial sepsis by multiplex qpcr.given the major impact in terms of morbidity and mortality that episodes of early neonatal sepsis (ens) have on both newborns and health systems, this study aimed to identify the etiological profile of early neonatal bacterial sepsis by a multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr).201628036311
clinical study on cluster care to prevent multi-drug resistant infection in icu patients with severe encephalopathy.the value of clinical cluster nursing in the prevention of multi-drug resistant (mdr) infection in patients with severe encephalopathy in icu was evaluated. icu patients (n=129) diagnosed with severe encephalopathy between 2012 and 2014 were selected as the study group, while 106 cases of icu patients diagnosed with severe encephalopathy between 2010 and 2012 were retrospectively selected as the control group. control group patients were offered conventional integrated nursing care, while the st ...201628105127
clinical and microbiological profile of babies born with risk of neonatal sepsis.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antibiotics on the condition of babies born with risk of neonatal sepsis. from march, 2014 to february, 2015, 200 neonates born with risk factors of septicemia in the neonatal intensive care unit at xuzhou central hospital, were enrolled in the present study. venous blood samples were collected within 6 h of birth using aseptic technique. part of the blood specimens were cultured using bactec peds plus/f culture vials. subsequently, the ...201628101156
[rapid test for detection of susceptibility to cefotaxime in enterobacteriaceae].in this work an "in house" rapid test based on the change in ph that is due to hydrolysis for detecting enterobacteriaceae susceptible to cefotaxime is evaluated. the strains of enterobacteriaceae from 1947 urine cultures were assessed using microscan panels and the "in house" test. this rapid test includes red phenol solution and cefotaxime. using microscan panels, 499 enterobacteriaceae isolates were evaluated, which included 27 isolates of escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lac ...201627919513
for reliable urine cultures in the detection of complicated urinary tract infection, do we use urine specimens obtained with urethral catheter or a nephrostomy tube?the aim of this study was to compare the results of urine cultures obtained either from urethral, and percutaneous nephrostomy (pcn) catheters.201627909624
nitrobacter sp. extract mediated biosynthesis of ag2o nps with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial potential for biomedical application.in this study, extracellular extract of plant growth promoting bacterium, nitrobacter sp. is used for the bioconversion of agno3 (silver nitrate) into ag2o (silver oxide nanoparticles). it is an easy, ecofriendly and single step method for ag2o nps synthesis. the bio-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques. uv-vis results showed the maximum absorbance around 450 nm. xrd result shows the particles to have faced centered cubic (fcc) crystalline nature. ftir analysis ...201627906145
prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infected patients.klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the bacterial agents associated with urinary tract infection has been often implicated as a major extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producer in last few decades. this study was designed to assess the prevalence of esbl producing klebsiella pneumoniae in urinary isolates at a tertiary care hospital in kathmandu, nepal, from july to december 2014.201627885293
extended-spectrum beta (β)-lactamases and antibiogram in enterobacteriaceae from clinical and drinking water sources from bahir dar city, ethiopia.the spread of extended-spectrum beta (β)-lactamases (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae has become a serious global problem. esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae vary based on differences in antibiotic use, nature of patients and hospital settings. this study was aimed at determining esbl and antibiogram in enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical and drinking water sources in bahir dar city, northwest ethiopia.201627846254
synthesis and assessment of antibacterial activities of ruthenium(iii) mixed ligand complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline and guanide.in this work, two complexes of ruthenium(iii) ([ru(phen)2cl2]cl·2h2o and [ru(phen)2(g)cl]2cl·h2o) were synthesized from 1,10-phenanthroline alone as well as from both 1,10-phenanthroline and guanide. the synthesis was checked using halide test, conductance measurement, and spectroscopic (icp-oes, ftir, and uv/vis) analysis. their in vitro antibacterial activities were also investigated on two gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa)) ...201627833473
biliary diseases as main causes of pyogenic liver abscess caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae.little is known about aetiology and morbidity and clinical characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae.201627718321
myxobacteria-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their impregnation in wrapping paper used for enhancing shelf life of apples.the authors report myxobacteria virescens (m. virescens) mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) and its efficacy against staphylococcus aureus (atcc-33591), salmonella typhi (atcc-51812), escherichia coli (e. coli) (atcc-14948), klebsiella pneumoniae (mtcc-4030) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (mtcc-4673). the organism exhibiting resistance to various antibiotics showed remarkable sensitivity, when used in combination of antibiotics and agnps. antimicrobial property of agnps is playing a ...201627906139
rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles by pseudomonas stutzeri isolated from textile soil under optimised conditions and evaluation of their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties.present study utilised textile soil isolated bacterium pseudomonas stutzeri to synthesise extracellular silver nanoparticles (agnps) under optimised conditions. the synthesised agnps were characterised using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) and transmission electron microscopy (tem). optimisation showed agnps synthesis within 8 h using 2mm ag nitrate at ph9, temperature 80°c and maximum absorbance toward 400 nm. tem analysis revealed spherical shap ...201627906136
solid organ transplant antibiograms: an opportunity for antimicrobial stewardship.we aimed to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility percentages in blood and urine bacterial isolates recovered from solid organ transplant (sot) recipients with those reported in the hospital-wide antibiogram.201627733304
in vitro antimicrobial activity of embothrium coccineum used as traditional medicine in patagonia against multiresistant bacteria.embothrium coccineum j.r. forst. & g. forst is an evergreen tree that has been used as a folk remedy for the treatment of neuralgia, tooth pains, wound healing, and glandular conditions, as well as an antiseptic agent against bacterial infection. the antibacterial activities of sequential extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) from the leaves of e. coccineum were evaluated by means of the micro-dilution assay against six (escherichia coli; klebsiella pneumoniae; prote ...201627809263
activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against multidrug-resistance enterobacteriaceae expressing combined mechanisms of resistance.antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide and is making treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae a challenge. the use of β-lactam agents is compromised by microorganisms harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) and other mechanisms of resistance. avibactam is a non β-lactam agent that inhibits clinically relevant β-lactamases, such as esbl and ampc. the ceftazidime-avibactam combination (caz-avi) was recently approved for use in ce ...201627887765
synthesis and antimicrobial activity of small cationic amphipathic aminobenzamide marine natural product mimics and evaluation of relevance against clinical isolates including esbl-carba producing multi-resistant bacteria.a library of small aminobenzamide derivatives was synthesised to explore a cationic amphipathic motif found in marine natural antimicrobials. the most potent compound e23 displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 0.5-2μg/ml against several gram-positive bacterial strains, including methicillin resistant staphylococcus epidermidis (mrse).e23 was also potent against 275 clinical isolates including staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus spp., escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and k ...201627692769
clinical charateristics and outcome of pyogenic liver abscess with different size: 15-year experience from a single center.the standard therapeutic protocols of pyogenic liver abscess (pla) have not been well established yet. we investigated the clinical characteristics, disease progression, choices of treatments and outcomes of pla with different size. 410 cases of patients with pla were enrolled retrospectively from 2000 to 2014, and were grouped as small abscess (≤5 cm, n = 125), large abscess (5 cm to 10 cm, n = 218) and giant abscess (>10 cm, n = 36). the most common bacteria were klebsiella pneumonia (22%) and ...201627775098
correction for leangapichart et al., acquisition of mcr-1 plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae during hajj 2013 and 2014. 201627872110
characterisation of fosfomycin resistance mechanisms and molecular epidemiology in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.although fosfomycin is a treatment option for infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae, fosfomycin resistance has been documented. to our knowledge, fosfomycin resistance mechanisms in klebsiella pneumoniae have not been systematically investigated. a total of 108 esbl-producing k. pneumoniae isolates collected from kaohsiung medical university hospital, taiwan, from august 2012 to may 2013 were analysed in this study. pulsed-field gel electrophoresi ...201627765412
risk factor analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant and extended spectrum beta-lactamases pathogen-induced acute bacterial prostatitis in korea.the objectives of this study were to investigate risk factors and the incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) in patients with acute bacterial prostatitis (abp). we reviewed the medical records of 307 patients who were diagnosed with abp between january 2006 and december 2015. the etiologic pathogens and risk factors for ciprofloxacin-resistant e. coli and esbl-producing microbes, susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, and the incidence of esbl in patients wi ...201627709861
bladder rupture secondary to emphysematous bladder: a diabetic patient report.we report an emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic patient complicated by peritonitis.201627676715
acquired resistance to chlorhexidine - is it time to establish an 'antiseptic stewardship' initiative?chlorhexidine digluconate (chg) is an antimicrobial agent used for different types of applications in hand hygiene, skin antisepsis, oral care, and patient washing. increasing use raises concern regarding development of acquired bacterial resistance. published data from clinical isolates with chg minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were reviewed and compared to epidemiological cut-off values to determine resistance. chg resistance is rarely found in escherichia coli, salmonella spp., staphy ...201627671220
effect of hand antisepsis agent selection and population characteristics on surgical site infection pathogens.selection of a pre-operative hand antisepsis agent has not been studied in relation to surgical site infection (ssi) culture data. in our hospital, we introduced an alcohol-based hand rub (abr) in 2012 as an alternative to traditional aqueous surgical scrubs (tss). it was the goal of this study to review any effect of this implementation on ssi pathogen characteristics. in addition, we sought to compare our ssi culture data with available national healthcare safety network (nhsn) data. we hypoth ...201627661850
neonatal septicaemia, bacterial isolates and antibiogram sensitivity in maiduguri north-eastern nigeria.the aim and objective of the study was to determine the incidence, bacterial isolates and the antibiogram sensitivity of the isolates in neonates with septicaemia.201627623727
vector promoters used in klebsiella pneumoniae.much effort has been devoted to the metabolic engineering of klebsiella pneumoniae; however, our knowledge of the actual expression level of promoters used in k. pneumoniae is limited. in this study, the expression levels of three promoters were compared systematically by using the lacz reporter gene with different carbon sources in k. pneumoniae. the results showed that, although promoters pt5 and ptac designed for escherichia coli were functional, pt5 appeared more efficient and the induction/ ...201626234465
immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo of a novel antimicrobial candidate.the synthetic antimicrobial peptide set-m33 has strong activity against bacterial infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. it is currently in preclinical development as a new drug to treat lung infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. here we report its strong anti-inflammatory activity in terms of reduced expression of a number of cytokines, enzymes, and signal transduction factors involved in inflammation triggered by lps from pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, and escheric ...201627758868
the potential of photo-deposited silver coatings on foley catheters to prevent urinary tract infections.catheter-associated urinary tract infection (cauti) represents one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. the resistance demonstrated by many microorganisms to conventional antibiotic therapies and the increasing health-care costs have recently encouraged the definition of alternative preventive strategies, which can have a positive effect in the management of infections. antimicrobial urinary catheters have been developed through the photo-chemical deposition of silver coatings o ...201627612730
invasive carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infection at a paediatric hospital: a case series.there are no paediatric reports of invasive infection caused by carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) from africa.201627601110
pcr-based typing of incc plasmids.incc (a/c2) plasmids are known to play an important role in the spread of multiple antibiotic resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenamases, amongst gram negative bacterial populations. the ability to identify and track these plasmids is valuable in epidemiological and clinical studies. a recent comparative analysis of the backbones of sequenced incc plasmids identified two distinct lineages, type 1 and type 2, with different evolutionary histories. here, a ...201627590677
determination of bacterial aetiologic factor on tracheobronchial lavage in relation to clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease.this study aimed to determine the occurrence of mannheimiahaemolytica, pasteurella multocida and mycoplasma spp., in relation to clinical signs of respiratory disease. tracheobronchial lavage samples were collected from 96 (healthy and unhealthy) cattle in the state of são paulo, brazil. mycoplasma spp. (12.5 %) and pasteurellamultocida (15.50 %) were the most prevalent species. bacillus sp., staphylococcus sp., escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoni ...201627582268
high gastrointestinal colonization rate with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized patients: emergence of carbapenemase-producing k. pneumoniae in ethiopia.we investigated the gastrointestinal colonization rate and antibiotic resistance patterns of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)- producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitalized patients admitted at ethiopia's largest tertiary hospital. fecal samples/swabs from 267 patients were cultured on chrome agar. esbl. bacterial species identification, verification of esbl production and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using vitek 2 system (biomérieux, france). phenoty ...201627574974
isolation of coralmycins a and b, potent anti-gram negative compounds from the myxobacteria corallococcus coralloides m23.two new potent anti-gram negative compounds, coralmycins a (1) and b (2), were isolated from cultures of the myxobacteria corallococcus coralloides m23, together with another derivative (3) that was identified as the very recently reported cystobactamid 919-2. their structures including the relative stereochemistry were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic, optical rotation, and cd data. the relative stereochemistry of 3 was revised to "s*r*" by nmr analysis. the antibacterial activity ...201627598688
identifying lineage effects when controlling for population structure improves power in bacterial association studies.bacteria pose unique challenges for genome-wide association studies because of strong structuring into distinct strains and substantial linkage disequilibrium across the genome(1,2). although methods developed for human studies can correct for strain structure(3,4), this risks considerable loss-of-power because genetic differences between strains often contribute substantial phenotypic variability(5). here, we propose a new method that captures lineage-level associations even when locus-specific ...201627572646
normal vaginal bacterial flora of giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates.to study the typical vaginal bacterial flora of giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca), we took vaginal swabs for the sake of bacterial isolation, from 24 healthy female giant pandas. a total of 203 isolates were identified, representing a total of 17 bacterial species. the most common bacteria isolated were lactobacillus spp. (54.2%, 13/24), followed by staphylococcus epidermidis (41.7%, 10/24) and escherichia coli (33.3%, 8/24). some opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as peptostreptococcus ...201627468049
acquisition of mcr-1 plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae during hajj 2013 and 2014. 201627620480
fosfomycin antimicrobial prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate: a prospective randomised study.to compare the incidence of infectious complications after single-dose fosfomycin vs. standard fluoroquinolone (fq)-based prophylaxis in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate (trusbx), as there is an alarming trend worldwide of increasing resistance to fqs limiting their suitability as appropriate prophylaxis for trusbx.201627547466
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