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monocyclic β-lactam and unexpected oxazinone formation: synthesis, crystal structure, docking studies and antibacterial evaluation.novel monocyclic β-lactam derivatives bearing aryl, phenyl and heterocyclic rings were synthesized as possible antibacterial agents. cyclization of imines (3h, 3t) with phenylacetic acid in the presence of phosphoryl chloride and triethyl amine did not afford the expected β-lactams. instead, highly substituted 1,3-oxazin-4-ones (4h, 4t) were isolated as the only product and confirmed by single crystal x-ray analysis of 4t. the results of antibacterial activity showed that compound 4l exhibited c ...201626133357
deletion of the budbac operon in klebsiella pneumoniae to understand the physiological role of 2,3-butanediol biosynthesis.klebsiella pneumoniae is known to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bdo), a valuable chemical. in k. pneumoniae, the 2,3-bdo operon (budbac) is involved in the production of 2,3-bdo. to observe the physiological role of the 2,3-bdo operon in a mixed acid fermentation, we constructed a budbac-deleted strain (sgsb109). the production of extracellular metabolites, co2 emission, carbon distribution, and nadh/nad(+) balance of sgsb109 were compared with the parent strain (sgsb100). when comparing the carbo ...201626176425
reparixin attenuates neuronal injury in experimental klebsiella pneumoniae meningoencephalitis through dual effects on neuroprotection and neuroinflammation.bacterial meningitis causes high mortality and brain damage. the host immune response is associated with brain injury. chemokine (c-x-c motif) (cxc) chemokines are neutrophil chemoattractants. this study focused on the beneficial effects of intracerebroventricular administration of reparixin, an inhibitor of chemokine (c-x-c motif) receptor (cxcr)1/2, to rats at 2 h following experimental klebsiella pneumoniae meningoencephalitis.201626245311
attributable mortality of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae infections in a prospective matched cohort study in italy, 2012-2013.in italy, infections with carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (crkp) have increased markedly since 2009, creating unprecedented problems in healthcare settings and limiting treatment options for infected patients.201626319590
pleural and pericardial effusions combined with ascites in a patient with severe sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism.to best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pericardial and pleural effusions combined with ascites, precipitated with severe sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism. a 58-year-old man presented in our emergency department due to dyspnoea and dry cough. sixteen months earlier, the patient underwent left nephrectomy due to metastatic renal cell adenocarcinoma (rcc), and therapy with sunitinib was initiated postoperatively. thyroid function was not assessed during the therapy. on admissi ...201626319226
risk factors and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae infections in liver transplant recipients. 201626335447
klebsiella pneumoniae fimk promotes virulence in murine pneumonia.klebsiella pneumoniae, a chief cause of nosocomial pneumonia, is a versatile and commonly multidrug-resistant human pathogen for which further insight into pathogenesis is needed. we show that the pilus regulatory gene fimk promotes the virulence of k. pneumoniae strain top52 in murine pneumonia. this contrasts with the attenuating effect of fimk on urinary tract virulence, illustrating that a single factor may exert opposing effects on pathogenesis in distinct host niches. loss of fimk in top52 ...201626347570
endoplasmic reticulum chaperone gp96 in macrophages is essential for protective immunity during gram-negative pneumonia.klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most common gram-negative bacteria that cause pneumonia. gp96 is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone that is essential for the trafficking and function of toll-like receptors (tlrs) and integrins. to determine the role of gp96 in myeloid cells in host defence during klebsiella pneumonia, mice homozygous for the conditional hsp90b1 allele encoding gp96 were crossed with mice expressing cre-recombinase under control of the lysm promoter to generate lysmcre-hsp90b1 ...201626365983
nlrp12 modulates host defense through il-17a-cxcl1 axis.we used an extracellular pathogen klebsiella pneumoniae to determine the role of nlrp12 (nod-like receptor (nlr) family pyrin domain containing 12) as this bacterium is associated with devastating pulmonary infections. we found that human myeloid cells (neutrophils and macrophages) and non-myeloid cells (epithelial cells) show upregulation of nlrp12 in human pneumonic lungs. nlrp12-silenced human macrophages and murine nlrp12(-/-) macrophages displayed reduced activation of nuclear factor-κb and ...201626349659
diffusion and transmission of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae in the medical and surgical wards of a university hospital in milan, italy.carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (crkp) is emerging as a public health problem worldwide. in italy, a remarkable increase in crkp cases has been reported since 2010. in this study, crkp diffusion, distribution and in-hospital transmission trends were evaluated in a university hospital in milan, italy, from january 2012 to december 2013. isolates from 63 newly detected crkp-positive patients were genotyped, and possible transmission was determined by combining the molecular results with ...201626116453
diversity of the genetic environment of the blakpc-2 gene among klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in a chinese hospital.kpc-producing klebsiella pneumoniae (kpc-kp) has been frequently reported worldwide and constitutes a major healthcare threat, given their extensively drug-resistant phenotypes. in this study, we report the characterization of the genetic environment of blakpc-2 gene in kpc-kp clinical strains from china belonging to diverse genotypes. thirty-five nonduplicated kpc-kp isolates collected in a chinese hospital during 2012 were analyzed. all were multidrug resistant due to the presence of other res ...201626313117
dissemination of clonally related multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae in ireland.in october 2012, an outbreak of gentamicin-resistant, ciprofloxacin non-susceptible extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit in ireland. in order to determine whether the outbreak strain was more widely dispersed in the country, 137 isolates of k. pneumoniae with this resistance phenotype collected from 17 hospitals throughout ireland between january 2011 and july 2013 were examined. esbl production was confirmed phenotypical ...201626113052
a common flanking region in promiscuous plasmids encoding blandm-1 in klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in singapore.bacteria encoding the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase gene (blandm-1) are regarded as superbugs for their resistance to multiple antibiotics. plasmids encoding blandm-1 have been observed to be spreading among gram-negative bacteria around the world. previous studies have demonstrated that multiple modifications of blandm-1-harboring plasmids might contribute to the spread of the gene. in this study, we analyzed blandm-1-encoding plasmids from two klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, du7433 and du1301, ...201626308279
detection and characterization of oxa-48-producing klebsiella pneumoniae originated in bulgaria.we report the identification of oxa-48-producing klebsiella pneumoniae, causing peritonitis in a cancer patient admitted to the oncology hospital in sofia. the isolate had reduced susceptibility to carbapenems but remained susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. pcr and sequencing confirmed the presence of blaoxa-48 gene flanked by two intact copies of is1999 on truncated δtn1999.1. this transposon was located on unusual non-typeable 29-kb plasmid that could be transferred only by trans ...201626017897
risk factors of late-onset neonatal sepsis in taiwan: a matched case-control study.infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) have a higher incidence of bloodstream infections (bsis) than any other pediatric or adult population. the predisposing factors have not been comprehensively evaluated in this population in taiwan.201624274960
necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by vibrio vulnificus and klebsiella pneumoniae in diabetic patients.vibrio vulnificus related necrotizing fasciitis is a fatal, rapidly progressive soft-tissue infection. necrotizing fasciitis caused by klebsiella pneumoniae is rare, which is indistinguishable from v. vulnificus infection in the emergency room. the purpose of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and outcome between these two pathogens in diabetic patients.201625179718
enhanced production of 2,3-butanediol by overexpressing acetolactate synthase and acetoin reductase in klebsiella pneumoniae.mutants with overexpression of α-acetolactate synthase (als), α-acetolactate decarboxylase, and acetoin reductase (ar), either individually or in combination, were constructed to improve 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd) production in klebsiella pneumoniae. the recombinant strains were characterized in terms of the enzyme activity, 2,3-bd yield, and expression levels. the recombinant k. pneumoniae strain (kg-rs) that overexpressed both als and ar showed an improved 2,3-bd yield. when cultured in the media ...201624527770
mechanism for the primary transformation of acetaminophen in a soil/water system.the transformation of acetaminophen (apap) in a soil/water system was systematically investigated by a combination of kinetic studies and a quantitative analysis of the reaction intermediates. biotransformation was the predominant pathway for the elimination of apap, whereas hydrolysis or other chemical transformation, and adsorption processes made almost no contribution to the transformation under a dark incubation. bacillus aryabhattai strain 1-sj-5-2-5-m, klebsiella pneumoniae strain s001, an ...201627107139
in vitro antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracted samples from iris germinica.antibacterial and antifungal activities of different solvents extracted samples of iris germinica were carried out through disc diffusion assay. for this purpose five different solvent extracts were prepared with two concentrations (1 and 2 mg disc(-1)) and their antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion assay against eight pathogenic bacteria viz. staphylococcus aureus, b. subtilis, bacillus atrophaeus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, erwinia carotovara, klebsiella pneumo ...201626826828
in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial ability and cytotoxicity on two melanoma cell lines of a benzylamide derivative of maslinic acid.maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from olives that has been systematically reported to exert several therapeutic effects, such as antitumoral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties. recently, new derivatives of maslinic acid have been obtained and expanded the spectrum of biological activities and improved the existing ones. the present study was meant to perform the in vitro assessment of the (i) cytotoxic effects of a benzylamid ...201628050335
bacteriocinogenic bacteria isolated from raw goat milk and goat cheese produced in the center of méxico.currently, there are few reports on the isolation of microorganisms from goat milk and goat cheese that have antibacterial activity. in particular, there are no reports on the isolation of microorganisms with antibacterial activity from these products in central mexico. our objective was to isolate bacteria, from goat products, that synthesized antimicrobial peptides with activity against a variety of clinically significant bacteria. we isolated and identified lactobacillus rhamnosus, l. plantar ...201627407294
modulation of phytoremediation and plant growth by the treatment with pgpr, ag nanoparticle and untreated municipal wastewater.the present attempt was made to determine the effects of untreated municipal wastewater (mw) on growth and physiology of maize and to evaluate the role of ag nanoparticle and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) when interacting with mw used for irrigation. it was used for the isolation of pgpr. the isolates were identified and characterized based on the colony morphology, c/n source utilization pattern using miniaturized identification system (qts 24), catalase (cat) and oxidase tests, a ...201627348506
new coumarin derivatives from ferula pseudalliacea with antibacterial activity.in this study, the antibacterial activity of disesquiterpene coumarin and sesquiterpene coumarins obtained from ferula pseudalliacea roots was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration using the broth micro-dilution method against seven pathogenic bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus atcc 25,923, vancomycin resistant clinical strain of enterococcus faecium, bacillus cereus ptcc 1015, escherichia coli atcc 25,922, pseudomonas aeruginosa ptcc 1430, clinical strain of klebs ...201626953526
understanding the antimicrobial activity behind thin- and thick-rolled copper plates.the aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial properties of the surfaces of copper plates that were rolled to a thickness of 25 and 100 μm. differences in topology of 25- and 100-μm-thick copper plates were studied using scanning electron microscopy (sem), atomic force microscopy (afm), and x-ray diffraction (xrd). antibacterial activity of the copper surfaces was tested against strains of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria m ...201626860943
antibacterial effects of alchornea cordifolia (schumach. and thonn.) müll. arg extracts and compounds on gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract pathogens.the leaves, stems and roots of alchornea cordifolia (schumach. and thonn.) müll. arg. are used as traditional medicine in many african countries for the management of gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tract infections as well as for the treatment of wounds.201626724423
isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes of curcuma longa l.fourteen endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the rhizome of curcuma longa l. were characterized on the basis of morphology, biochemical characteristics and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the isolates were identified to six strains namely bacillus cereus (ecl1), bacillus thuringiensis (ecl2), bacillus sp. (ecl3), bacillus pumilis (ecl4), pseudomonas putida (ecl5), and clavibacter michiganensis (ecl6). all the strains produced iaa and solubilized phosphate and only two strains produ ...201628330130
a self-quenching-resistant carbon nanodot powder with multicolored solid-state fluorescence for ultra-fast staining of various representative bacterial species within one minute.in this study, we prepared self-quenching-resistant solid-state fluorescent carbon nanodots (sfcds) without any other solid matrices. the sfcds were prepared using a one-step microwave synthesis method through precise control of the heating power and time. the resulting sfcd powder showed excitation-dependent emission behavior with a maximum fluorescence quantum yield of 40%. the multicolored sfcds were successfully used as fluorescent agents for rapid staining of 14 representative bacterial spe ...201627874136
molecular characterization and analysis of antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants in saudi arabia.endophytic fungi, which have been reported in numerous plant species, are important components of the forest community and contribute significantly to the diversity of natural ecosystems.201627099679
chitosanase purified from bacterial isolate bacillus licheniformis of ruined vegetables displays broad spectrum biofilm inhibition.a number of bacterial species produces chitosanases which has variety of applications because of its high biodegradability, non-toxicity and antimicrobial assets. in the present study chitosanase is purified from new bacterial species bacillus licheniformis from spoiled vegetable. this novel strain of bacillus licheniformis isolated from spoilt cucumber and pepper samples has the ability to produce the chitosanase enzyme when grown on chitosan substrate. study also examined its antibiofilm prope ...201627725283
in vitro antibiofilm activity of an exopolysaccharide from the marine thermophilic bacillus licheniformis t14.the development of antibiofilm strategies is of major interest in contrasting bacterial pathogenic biofilms. a novel fructose and fucose rich exopolysaccharide (eps1-t14) produced by the recently described thermophilic bacillus licheniformis t14, isolated from a shallow hydrothermal vent of panarea island (eolian island, italy), was evaluated for its effects on biofilm formation by multiresistant clinical strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococ ...201626750122
mossambicus tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) collected from water bodies impacted by urban waste carries extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and integron-bearing gut bacteria.oreochromis mossambicus (peters 1852) (tilapia) is one of the most consumed fish globally. tilapia thrives well in environments polluted by urban waste, which invariably contain antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (args). thus, tilapia surviving in such polluted environments may serve as a potential source for dissemination of args. to investigate this, we isolated bacterial strains from gut of tilapia found in polluted rivers and lakes near pune, india, and studied the ...201627581926
binary interactions of antagonistic bacteria with candida albicans under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.we used both aerobic and anaerobic liquid co-cultures, prepared with luria bertani broth, to study the effect of bacteria on the survival of candida albicans in the external environment, away from an animal host. the bacteria were represented by aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, clostridium, enterobacter, klebsiella pneumoniae, kluyvera ascorbata and serratia marcescens. under aerobic conditions, the yeast's growth was inhibited in the presence of bacterial growth; howeve ...201626566932
ethanolic extract of nigella sativa protects fe(ii) induced lipid peroxidation in rat's brain, kidney and liver homogenates.the study describes the effect of ethanolic extract of nigella sativa against fe(ii) induced lipid peroxidation. basal and fe(ii) induced thiobarbituric acid reactive species (tbars) production was significantly inhibited by the ethanolic extract of nigella sativa at 25-200 μg/ml. our data revealed that the extract has high dpph radical scavenging activity at highest tested concentrations. the extract significantly chelated fe(ii) and scavenged hydroxyl (oh) radical at 25-200μg/ml concentration. ...201626826815
chemical profiling, antimicrobial and insecticidal evaluations of polygonum hydropiper l.the emergence of multidrug resistant (mdr) pathogens is of great concern to the global health community. our ability to effectively treat diseases is based on the discovery of potent drugs for the treatment of these challenging diseases. traditional medicines are one of the major sources for the discovery of safe, effective and economical drug candidates. in order to validate its antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal potentials with respect to traditional uses, we have screened for the firs ...201627919287
antibacterial and antifungal potentials of the solvents extracts from eryngium caeruleum, notholirion thomsonianum and allium consanguineum.herbal medicines have long been used for various ailments in various societies and natural bioactive compounds are gaining more and more importance due to various factors. in this context, three plant species i.e., eryngium caeruleum, notholirion thomsonianum and allium consanguineum have been aimed for the scientific verification of their purported traditional uses against various infectious diseases.201627881119
in vitro screening of mucus and solvent extracts of eisenia foetida against human bacterial and fungal pathogens.earthworms are macro invertebrate and have been widely used as therapeutic drugs for thousands of years. in the current research, experiments viz., the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of mucus and solvent extracts of eisenia foetida were conducted to investigate for the first time in pakistan against human infectious pathogens. antimicrobial activity of e. foetida against human pathogens underwent investigation through an agar disc diffusion method while an abts(•+) free radic ...201627166541
synthesis, spectral characterization, dna interaction, anticancer and molecular docking studies on some transition metal complexes with bidentate ligand.the ligand, n(2),n(3)-bis(3-nitrophenyl)quinoxaline-2.3-diamine was prepared by the condensation of quinoxaline-2.3(1,4h)-dione with 3-nitroaniline. it was treated with co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) acetates to form the metal complexes. these were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment, uv-vis., ir, (1)h nmr, esr and mass spectral data. octahedral geometry has been assigned to co(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) complexes, whereas cu(ii) complex has distorted octahedra ...201627367456
microbial diversity in the gut of cashew stem girdler, analeptes trifasciata fabricius (coleoptera: cerambycidae), in ibadan, nigeria.the cashew stem girdler, analeptes trifasciata, is a major insect pest of cashew in nigeria causing economic damage in cashew plantations even at low density. in this study, newly emerged adults of a. trifasciata reared from field-infested cashew stems were collected from the rearing cages, sexed, and dissected to reveal the internal structures of the insects. the gut was excised and separated into the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. the dissected gut compartments were blotted dry by sandwiching i ...201627147898
antimicrobial potentials of different solvent extracted samples from physalis ixocarpa.the present study investigates the antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracted samples isolated from different parts of physalis ixocarpa through disc diffusion assay using three different concentrations. statistical analysis of the data revealed that different parts of the plant showed varying degree of inhibition against different bacteria at different concentrations. different solvent extracted samples from the calyx showed inhibitory activity against most of the bacteria under st ...201627087074
aerobic microflora and endoparasites of freshly shot wild agouti (dasyprocta leporina) in trinidad, west indies.the agouti ( dasyprocta leporina ) is a new world wild rodent hunted for its meat in trinidad and other latin american countries. studies on agouti under captive conditions have yielded some data on health-related aspects, but relatively very little is known about their wild counterparts. the environment of the agouti can influence the microflora and parasites harbored by the animals, which may contain zoonotic pathogens. here, the microflora found on the nasal mucosa and sections of the intesti ...201628080916
efficacy of aqueous and methanolic extracts of rheum spiciformis against pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains.rheum spiciformis is a newly identified edible medicinal plant of genus rheum. the plant is used to treat various diseases on traditional levels in kashmir valley, india.201627790424
preparation, characterization and antimicrobial applications of zn-fe ldh against mrsa.facile and simple processes to get zn-fe layered double hydroxide (ldh) with nitrate as the interlayer anion are reported. the method of co-precipitation produced high crystallinity ldh that is marked by xrd, sem, tem and ft-ir. results showed that 99.8% of cd(+2) removals were at ph11 and 4h. to get the adsorption isotherms, the concentration of metal ions extending from 6 to 18mg/l was utilized. results supported the langmuir adsorption model. in contrary, the adsorption process followed the p ...201627524011
application of uv-vis spectrophotometric process for the assessment of indoloacridines as free radical scavenger.a conventional approach has been used to synthesis indole fused acridine, 4a-e. in this paper to achieve the target molecule, 4 the reaction was performed via two steps. in step 1, there was a reaction between carbazolone, 1 and benzophenone, 2 to get dihydroindoloacridine, 3. in step 2, compound, 3 was treated with 5% palladium/carbon in the presence of diphenyl ether for 5h to give a dark brown product, 4. the column chromatography was used to purify final product, 4. all the synthesized compo ...201627491030
antimicrobial activity for excretion and secretion of the greenbottle fly larvae lucilia sericata (meigen) (diptera: calliphoridae).sterile larval excretion/secretion (es) exhibited antibacterial activity against some species of bacteria. they were shown to inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis gram-negative bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae and fungi geotricum candidum and aspergillus fumigatus thus exhibited limited inhibitory effect towards gram-positive bacteria streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negat ...201627363054
nanoscale mo- moo3 entrapped in engineering thermoplastic: inorganic pathway to bactericidal and fungicidal action.in our contemporary endeavor, metallic molybdenum (mo) and semiconducting molybdenum trioxide (moo3) nanostructures have been simultaneously generated via solid state reaction between molybdenum (iii) chloride (mocl3) and polyphenylene sulfide (pps) at 285 (°)c in unimolar ratio for different time durations, namely, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h. the resultant nanocomposites (ncs) revealed formation of predominantly metallic mo for all the samples. however, moo3 gradually gained prominent position as seco ...201627164597
a green ultrasound synthesis, characterization and antibacterial evaluation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles tethering bioactive benzothiazole nucleus.the synthesis of n-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-substituted-1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamides 5a-r via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between 2-azido-n-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide derivatives 3a-c and different alkynes were performed in the presence and absence of ultrasound irradiation. the synthesis was carried out using t-buoh/h₂o (1:1, v/v) as reaction solvents and cuso₄·5h₂o/sodium ascorbate as the catalyst. the copper catalyst was implemented to provide the regioselective 1,4-dis ...201627096862
synthesis of newer 1,2,3-triazole linked chalcone and flavone hybrid compounds and evaluation of their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.the present study was carried out in an attempt to synthesize a new class of antimicrobial and antiplasmodial agents by copper catalyzed click chemistry to afford 25 compounds 10-14(a-e) of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of chalcones and flavones. the structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis, ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and mass spectral data. the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram positiv ...201626922227
prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic-resistant community-associated bloodstream infections.antibiotic resistance is increasing in many community settings. the purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of antibiotic resistant community-associated bloodstream infections (ca-bsis) present on hospital admissions to identify risk factors for acquiring resistant versus susceptible ca-bsis and to describe the incidence of concurrent infections with ca-bsis.201624631369
intensive care unit-acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital: an epidemiologic survey and influence on patient outcomes.nosocomial infections are common in intensive care units (icus), but the pattern of infections and the distribution of microorganisms vary. we studied the icu-acquired infections and their effect on patient outcomes in our icu.201626944004
leveraging the attributes of mucor hiemalis-derived silver nanoparticles for a synergistic broad-spectrum antimicrobial platform.driven by the need to engineer robust surface coatings for medical devices to prevent infection and sepsis, incorporation of nanoparticles has surfaced as a promising avenue to enhance non-fouling efficacy. microbial synthesis of such nanoscale metallic structures is of substantive interest as this can offer an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable route for further development. here we present a mucor hiemalis-derived fungal route for synthesis of silver nanoparticles, which display sig ...201628018316
[etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia at the cardiovascular surgery clinic of iaşi].we want to assess the etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) and emergence of resistant phenotypes for greater efficiency of the first-line antimicrobial treatment post-cardiac surgery. the study focuses on patients with vap post-cardiac surgery at the institute of cardiovascular surgery between april 2nd 2002 and august 27th 2008, divided in two groups, before and after june 14th, 2005.201623077867
colistin in pig production: chemistry, mechanism of antibacterial action, microbial resistance emergence, and one health perspectives.colistin (polymyxin e) is one of the few cationic antimicrobial peptides commercialized in both human and veterinary medicine. for several years now, colistin has been considered the last line of defense against infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative such as acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and klebsiella pneumoniae. colistin has been extensively used orally since the 1960s in food animals and particularly in swine for the control of enterobacteriaceae infections. ...201627891118
[the results and drug susceptibility of respiratory secretion culture of children with trachea bronchial foreign bodies].to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria in respiratory secretion in children with trachea bronchial foreign bodies so as to assist physicians in clinical prescription.201627382684
in vitro assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of optimized nitroglycerin-citrate-ethanol as a nonantibiotic, antimicrobial catheter lock solution for prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections.the rapid, broad-spectrum, biofilm-eradicating activity of the combination of 0.01% nitroglycerin, 7% citrate, and 20% ethanol and its potential as a nonantibiotic, antimicrobial catheter lock solution (acls) were previously reported. here, a nitroglycerin-citrate-ethanol (nice) acls optimized for clinical assessment was developed by reducing the nitroglycerin and citrate concentrations and increasing the ethanol concentration. biofilm-eradicating activity was sustained when the ethanol concentr ...201627297475
insect-derived short proline-rich and murine cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptides act synergistically on gram-negative bacteria in vitro.organisms express a set of antimicrobial peptides (amp) to protect the host against invading microbes by targeting their membranes or intracellular structures. structurally optimized proline-rich amps (pramps) are substantially more efficient in murine infection models than previously assumed from in vitro activities. thus, we hypothesized that pramps act synergistically with lytic amps intrinsically produced in hosts in response to an infection.201627285299
clinical predictors and microbiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis in six italian hospitals.the purpose of this study was to assess the main clinical predictors and microbiological features of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) in the intensive care unit (icu) environment. this work is a retrospective analysis over one year from september 2010 to september 2011. patients' risk factors, causes of admission, comorbidities and respiratory specimens collected in six italian icus were reviewed. incidence and case fatality rate of vap were evaluated. after stratification for vap developme ...201627272120
bacteremia due to eskape pathogens: an emerging problem in cancer patients.in recent years, a few of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria, known as eskape pathogens, have been found responsible for serious infections. we investigated the risk factors, and impact of eskape pathogens on course of blood stream infections (bsis) in cancer patients in comparison to coagulase negative staphylococci (cons).201627268592
genetic environment of the kpc gene in acinetobacter baumannii st2 clone from puerto rico and genomic insights into its drug resistance.carbapenems are considered the last-resort antibiotics to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc) enzyme hydrolyses β-lactam antibiotics including the carbapenems. kpc has been detected worldwide in enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates associated with transposon tn4401 commonly located in plasmids. acinetobacter baumannii has become an important multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. kpc-producing a. ...201627259867
active surveillance scheme in three romanian hospitals reveals a high prevalence and variety of carbapenamase-producing gram-negative bacteria: a pilot study, december 2014 to may 2015.we report the findings of an active surveillance scheme for detection of asymptomatic carriers with carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria (cp-gnb) in romanian hospitals. during a pilot study from december 2014 to may 2015, faecal cultures were screened in three hospitals (two large, one medium-size) for patients newly admitted to selected wards or inpatients transferred from other wards to an intensive-care unit. the study revealed a high prevalence of cp-gnb detected in 22/27 and 28/38 ...201627363583
hemodialysis with high cut-off hemodialyzers in patients with multi-drug resistant gram-negative sepsis and acute kidney injury: a retrospective, case-control study.hemodialysis with high cut-off continuous veno-venous hemodialyzer (hco-cvvhd) removes mediators of organ dysfunction during sepsis. this study assessed the clinical effects of hco-cvvhd as compared to high-flux (hf) membranes during gram-negative sepsis.201627352068
antibiotic resistance patterns of gram-negative and gram-positive strains isolated from inpatients with nosocomial infections in a tertiary hospital in beijing, china from 2011 to 2014.this study was to evaluate the resistance of antimicrobial agents against pathogens from inpatients with nosocomial infection collected in beijing, china, during 2011-2014. measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) was carried out using the broth microdilution method with the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) guidelines as the indicator. a total of 5442 gram-negative and 806 gram-positive isolates were collected in this study in 2011-2014. two carbapenem-resistant ...201627347770
antimicrobial activity against a global collection of skin and skin structure pathogens: results from the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.), 2010-2014.as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.) we report antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive and gram-negative isolates collected globally from integumentary sources between 2010 and 2014.201627343986
silver nanoparticles: biosynthesis using an atcc reference strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa and activity as broad spectrum clinical antibacterial agents.currently, the biosynthesis of silver-based nanomaterials attracts enormous attention owing to the documented antimicrobial properties of these ones. this study reports the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) using a pseudomonas aeruginosa strain from a reference culture collection. a greenish culture supernatant of p. aeruginosa incubated at 37°c with a silver nitrate solution for 24 h changed to a yellowish brown color, indicating the formation of ag-nps, which was conf ...201627340405
high susceptibility of mdr and xdr gram-negative pathogens to biphenyl-diacetylene-based difluoromethyl-allo-threonyl-hydroxamate lpxc inhibitors.inhibitors of uridine diphosphate-3-o-(r-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-n-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (lpxc, which catalyses the first, irreversible step in lipid a biosynthesis) are a promising new class of antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria. the objectives of the present study were to: (i) compare the antibiotic activities of three lpxc inhibitors (lpc-058, lpc-011 and lpc-087) and the reference inhibitor chir-090 against gram-negative bacilli (including mdr and xdr isolates); and (ii) investig ...201627330072
[colistin in the post-antibiotic era].one of the most important features of the post-antibiotic era in the late 20th century is the resurgence of colistin for the treatment of extensively drug resistant gram-negative bacteria (xdr). colistin is a narrow spectrum anti-biotic, active against microorganisms with clinical significance such as acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae. nowadays its toxicity is lower, partly explained by better pharmaceuticals and management of the critically ill patients. ...201627314994
isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors targeting bacterial cell growth.we synthesized potential inhibitors of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (fpps), undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (upps), or undecaprenyl diphosphate phosphatase (uppp), and tested them in bacterial cell growth and enzyme inhibition assays. the most active compounds were found to be bisphosphonates with electron-withdrawing aryl-alkyl side chains which inhibited the growth of gram-negative bacteria (acinetobacter baumannii, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) at ∼1- ...201627571880
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in messalata central hospital, libya.to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection among patients at messalata central hospital, libya, to identify the causative bacteria, and to explore their resistance pattern to antimicrobials.201627569886
draft genome sequences of acinetobacter baumannii isolates from wounded military personnel.acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium capable of causing hospital-acquired infections that has been grouped with enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter species as eskape pathogens because of their extensive drug resistance phenotypes and increasing risk to human health. twenty-four multidrug-resistant a. baumannii strains isolated from wounded military personnel were sequenced and annota ...201627563036
draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing acinetobacter baumannii sequence type 2 isolate from puerto rico.we report here the draft genome sequence of acinetobacter baumannii strain m3ac14-8, sequence type 2 (st2), carrying a chromosomally carried blakpc-2 gene. the draft genome consists of a total length of 4.11 mbp and a g+c content of 39.25%.201627540056
antimicrobial susceptibility among important pathogens collected as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.) in spain, 2004-2014.here we report in vitro activity data from the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.) for tigecycline and comparators against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms collected from 27 medical centres in spain between 2004 and 2014. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined according to the broth microdilution methodology of the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) and susceptibility were determined according to european committee on antimicrobial ...201627530839
draft genome sequences of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from wounded military personnel.pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium that causes severe hospital-acquired infections, is grouped as an eskape (enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter species) pathogen because of its extensive drug resistance phenotypes and effects on human health worldwide. five multidrug resistant p. aeruginosa strains isolated from wounded military personnel were sequenced and annotated in this work.201627516516
draft genome sequences of escherichia coli isolates from wounded military personnel.members of the escherichia coli bacterial family have been grouped as eskape (enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter species) pathogens because of their extensive drug resistance phenotypes and increasing threat to human health. the genomes of six extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing e. coli strains isolated from wounded military personnel were sequenced and annotated.201627516515
thin layer chromatography-bioautography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of antimicrobial leaf extracts from philippine piper betle l. against multidrug-resistant bacteria.this study isolated and identified the antimicrobial compounds of philippine piper betle l. leaf ethanol extracts by thin layer chromatography- (tlc-) bioautography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). initially, tlc separation of the leaf ethanol extracts provided a maximum of eight compounds with r f values of 0.92, 0.86, 0.76, 0.53, 0.40, 0.25, 0.13, and 0.013, best visualized when inspected under uv 366 nm. agar-overlay bioautography of the isolated compounds demonstrated two sp ...201627478476
determination of synergy between sulbactam, meropenem and colistin in carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and acinetobacter baumannii isolates and correlation with the molecular mechanism of resistance.treatment of infections with carbapenem-resistant gram negative organism is a major challenge especially among intensive care patients. combinations of sulbactam, meropenem and colistin was studied for its synergistic activity against 100 invasive isolates of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex by checkerboard assay and time kill assay (tka). in addition, presence of carbapenemase production was determined by multiplex pcr. time kill assay ...201627461479
nosocomial bloodstream infections in neurosurgery: a 10-year analysis in a center with high antimicrobial drug-resistance prevalence.data on nosocomial bloodstream infections (nbsi) in neurosurgery is limited. this study aimed to analyze the epidemiology, microbiology, outcome, and risk factors for death in neurosurgical patients with nbsi in a multidrug resistant setting.201627452903
toxin-antitoxin systems in clinical pathogens.toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are prevalent in bacteria and archaea. although not essential for normal cell growth, ta systems are implicated in multiple cellular functions associated with survival under stress conditions. clinical strains of bacteria are currently causing major human health problems as a result of their multidrug resistance, persistence and strong pathogenicity. here, we present a review of the ta systems described to date and their biological role in human pathogens belonging t ...201627447671
serologic evaluation of cornea donors and microbiologic evaluation of cornea storage media in an eye bank from izmir, turkey.our objective was to evaluate the serologic positivity of cornea donors and microbiologic positivity of cornea storage media at the ege university tissue and cornea bank, izmir, turkey.201627447356
synergistic photothermal and antibiotic killing of biofilm-associated staphylococcus aureus using targeted antibiotic-loaded gold nanoconstructs.resistance to conventional antibiotics is a growing public health concern that is quickly outpacing the development of new antibiotics. this has led the infectious diseases society of america (idsa) to designate enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter species as "eskape pathogens" on the basis of the rapidly decreasing availability of useful antibiotics. this emphasizes the urgent need for alternative t ...201627441208
1α,2α-epoxy-3β-hydroxy oleanolic acid derivatives regulation of the metabolism, haemolysis and β-lactamase gene expression in vitro and their structure-microbicidal activity relationship.oleanolic acid (oa), one of the major pentacyclic triterpenes abundantly present in nature, is a promising compound with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, fungicidal and antiparasitic properties. therefore, a series of derivatives of 1α,2α-epoxy-3β-hydroxyl oleanolic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activities were investigated in vitro. based on these results, the compounds with antibact ...201627436581
high prevalence of hospital-acquired infections caused by gram-negative carbapenem resistant strains in vietnamese pediatric icus: a multi-centre point prevalence survey.there is scarce information regarding hospital-acquired infections (hais) among children in resource-constrained settings. this study aims to measure prevalence of hais in vietnamese pediatric hospitals.monthly point prevalence surveys (ppss) in 6 pediatric intensive care units (icus) in 3 referral hospitals during 1 year.a total of 1363 cases (1143 children) were surveyed, 59.9% male, average age 11 months. admission sources were: other hospital 49.3%, current hospital 36.5%, and community 15.3 ...201627399106
biofilm prevention of gram-negative bacterial pathogens involved in periprosthetic infection by antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads in vitro.biofilm formation represents a key stage in the pathogenesis of prosthetic infections (pis). more tolerant to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts, biofilm bacteria are difficult to eradicate using conventional therapeutic regimes. a common approach in pi management is the adjunctive use of localised antibiotics in addition to systemic administration in an attempt to protect the implant from colonisation by infiltrating bacteria. this study evaluates the antibacterial and antibiofilm e ...201627910828
in situ synthesis of high swell ratio polyacrylic acid/silver nanocomposite hydrogels and their antimicrobial properties.silver nanocomposites embedded within a polymer matrix have attracted attention in recent years. ionic polymer hydrogels comprise networks of chemically or physically cross-linked polymers that swell considerably in an appropriate solvent. in this study, we used a solution of the carboxylic monomer acrylic acid and silver nitrate to prepare nanocomposite hydrogels through ultraviolet (uv)-light irradiation. silver-impregnated biomaterial composed of acrylic acid contains only a monomer and no cr ...201627968959
bionano interaction study on antimicrobial star-shaped peptide polymer nanoparticles.'structurally nanoengineered antimicrobial peptide polymers' (snapps), in the form of star-shaped peptide polymer nanoparticles, have been recently demonstrated as a new class of antimicrobial agents with superior in vitro and in vivo efficacy against gram-negative pathogens, including multidrug-resistant species. herein, we present a detailed bionano interaction study on snapps by assessing their antimicrobial activities against several gram-negative bacteria in complex biological matrices. sim ...201627960388
from breast cancer to antimicrobial: combating extremely resistant gram-negative "superbugs" using novel combinations of polymyxin b with selective estrogen receptor modulators.novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to combat nosocomial infections caused by extremely drug-resistant (xdr) "superbugs." this study aimed to investigate the synergistic antibacterial activity of polymyxin b in combination with selective estrogen receptor modulators (serms) against problematic gram-negative pathogens. in vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of polymyxin b and the serms tamoxifen, raloxifene, and toremifene was assessed using the microdilution checkerboard and st ...201627935770
phagebiotics in treatment and prophylaxis of healthcare-associated infections.we have developed a phagebiotic composition using 8 virulent bacteriophages (2 strains of each species) which are able to lyse acinetobacter baumannii, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. the unique character of the developed composition is ensured by particular properties of each bacteriophage comprising the preparation, including their range of lytic activity toward specific bacterial pathogens, morphology of their plaques, cycle of their development, restr ...201628090384
tigecycline therapy for nosocomial pneumonia due to carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria in critically ill patients who received inappropriate initial antibiotic treatment: a retrospective case study.background. nosocomial pneumonia due to carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (crgnb) is a growing concern because treatment options are limited and the mortality rate is high. the effect of tigecycline (tgc) on nosocomial pneumonia due to crgnb in patients who have received inappropriate initial empiric antibiotic treatment (iiat) is unclear. therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of tgc on nosocomial pneumonia due to crgnb in critically ill patients who had received iiat. meth ...201628044137
cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin for gram-negative bacterial infections: pharmacokinetics and safety in subjects with renal impairment.cefiderocol, a new injectable siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic, has promising in vitro and in vivo activity against gram-negative bacteria including multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii, and klebsiella pneumoniae. cefiderocol is mainly renally eliminated. the pharmacokinetics and safety of cefiderocol in subjects with renal impairment were assessed following a single 1000-mg intravenous 1-hour infusion of cefiderocol. subjects with mild, moderate, or severe ren ...201627874971
antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from pus samples in a tertiary care hospital of punjab, india.we determined the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibilities patterns of bacterial isolates from pus samples collected from patients in a tertiary care hospital of punjab, india. e. coli was the most prevalent pathogen (51.2%) followed by staphylococcus aureus (21%), klebsiella pneumoniae (11.6%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.8%), citrobacter spp. (3.5%), acinetobacter baumannii (2.3%), proteus mirabilis (2.3%), and streptococcus spp. (2.3%). e. coli, k. pneumoniae, a. baumannii, and citrobacter is ...201627872643
epidemiology of infections caused by polymyxin-resistant pathogens.confronting the storm of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative pathogens and thus facing the threat of untreatable infections, the medical community revived colistin. not long since its re-introduction and despite the fact that resistance to colistin at least in escherichia coli is rare, chromosomally-mediated colistin resistance in metallo-β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae strains was reported in 2004 from greece. subsequent studies revealed the highest predominance in italy (38%) and ...201627865627
synergistic combinations of polymyxins.the proliferation of extensively drug-resistant gram-negative pathogens has necessitated the therapeutic use of colistin and polymyxin b. however, treatment failures with polymyxin monotherapies and the emergence of polymyxin resistance have catalysed the search for polymyxin combinations that synergistically kill polymyxin-susceptible and -resistant organisms. this mini-review examines recent (2011-2016) in vitro and in vivo studies that have attempted to identify synergistic polymyxin combinat ...201627865626
activity of norspermidine on bacterial biofilms of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates associated with persistent extremity wound infections.biofilm formation is a major virulence factor for numerous pathogenic bacteria and is cited as a central event in the pathogenesis of chronic human infections, which is in large part due to excessive extracellular matrix secretion and metabolic changes that occur within the biofilm rendering them highly tolerant to antimicrobial treatments. polyamines, including norspermidine, play central roles in bacterial biofilm development, but have also recently been shown to inhibit biofilm formation in s ...201627864804
phenanthrenes from juncus inflexus with antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.the present study has focused on an investigation of the antibacterial effects of juncus inflexus and the isolation and identification of its active compounds. eleven phenanthrenes were isolated from a methanolic extract of the roots. four compounds (jinflexins a-d, 1-4) are new natural products, while seven phenanthrenes [juncuenins a (5), b (6), and d (8), juncusol (7), dehydrojuncuenins a (9) and b (11), and dehydrojuncusol (10)] were isolated for the first time from the plant. jinflexin d (4 ...201627808510
molecular epidemiology of environmental and clinical carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli from hospitals in guelma, algeria: multiple genetic lineages and first report of oxa-48 in enterobacter cloacae.this study was designed to investigate environmental colonisation in algerian hospitals by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (gnb), including molecular characterisation of their resistance, and to perform a comparative molecular analysis between clinical and environmental strains. gnb isolated from hospitalised patients and the hospital environment were identified using microbiological methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof/ms ...201627794265
the species accuracy of the most probable number (mpn) european union reference method for enumeration of escherichia coli in marine bivalves.continuous european union programmes with specified methods for enumeration of escherichia coli in bivalves for human consumption are currently running. the objective of this research was to examine the species accuracy of the five times three tube most probable number (mpn) eu reference method used for detection of e. coli in marine bivalves. among 549 samples of bivalves harvested from norwegian localities during 2014 and 2015, a total number of 200 bacterial isolates were prepared from random ...201627746195
in vitro antibacterial activity of rhodanine derivatives against pathogenic clinical isolates.bacterial infections present a serious challenge to healthcare practitioners due to the emergence of resistance to numerous conventional antibacterial drugs. therefore, new bacterial targets and new antimicrobials are unmet medical needs. rhodanine derivatives have been shown to possess potent antimicrobial activity via a novel mechanism. however, their potential use as antibacterials has not been fully examined. in this study, we determined the spectrum of activity of seven rhodanine derivative ...201627711156
fragment-based whole cell screen delivers hits against m. tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria.reactive multi-target 'fragment drugs' represent critical components of current tuberculosis regimens. these compounds, such as pyrazinamide, are old synthetic antimycobacterials that are activated inside mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli and are smaller than the usual drug-like, single-target molecules. based on the success of small 'dirty' drugs in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, we suggested previously that fragment-based whole cell screens should be introduced in our current antimycobacte ...201627656168
[analysis of the pathogenic characteristics of 162 severely burned patients with bloodstream infection].to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogen isolated from severely burned patients with bloodstream infection, so as to provide reference for the clinical treatment of these patients.201627647068
glycopeptide antibiotic to overcome the intrinsic resistance of gram-negative bacteria.the emergence of drug resistance along with a declining pipeline of clinically useful antibiotics has made it vital to develop more effective antimicrobial therapeutics, particularly against difficult-to-treat gram-negative pathogens (gnps). many antibacterial agents, including glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin, are inherently inactive toward gnps because of their inability to cross the outer membrane of these pathogens. here, we demonstrate, for the first time, lipophilic cationic (pe ...201627624964
antibiotic resistance in burkholderia species.the genus burkholderia comprises metabolically diverse and adaptable gram-negative bacteria, which thrive in often adversarial environments. a few members of the genus are prominent opportunistic pathogens. these include burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei of the b. pseudomallei complex, which cause glanders and melioidosis, respectively. burkholderia cenocepacia, burkholderia multivorans, and burkholderia vietnamiensis belong to the burkholderia cepacia complex and affect mostly c ...201627620956
assessment of the overall and multidrug-resistant organism bioburden on environmental surfaces in healthcare facilities.objective to determine the typical microbial bioburden (overall bacterial and multidrug-resistant organisms [mdros]) on high-touch healthcare environmental surfaces after routine or terminal cleaning. design prospective 2.5-year microbiological survey of large surface areas (>1,000 cm2). setting mdro contact-precaution rooms from 9 acute-care hospitals and 2 long-term care facilities in 4 states. participants samples from 166 rooms (113 routine cleaned and 53 terminal cleaned rooms). methods usi ...201627619507
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