Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| identification of genotypes of influenza a virus in malaysia. | influenza is considered as an emerging disease until today. the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalent genotypes of influenza a virus in malaysia. | 2014 | 25225528 |
| antiviral activity of novel oseltamivir derivatives against some influenza virus strains. | the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of oseltamivir derivatives and determine their activity against a/h1n1/pr/8/34 and a/h3n2/hongkong/8/68 - strains of influenza virus. antiviral activity of these compounds was determined by using two methods. mtt staining was used to assess the viability of mdck cells infected with influenza viruses and treated with various concentrations of drugs. in parallel, the effect of drugs on viral replication was assessed using the hemag ... | 2014 | 25210935 |
| severity of clinical disease and pathology in ferrets experimentally infected with influenza viruses is influenced by inoculum volume. | ferrets are a valuable model for influenza virus pathogenesis, virus transmission, and antiviral therapy studies. however, the contributions of the volume of inoculum administered and the ferret's respiratory tract anatomy to disease outcome have not been explored. we noted variations in clinical disease outcomes and the volume of inoculum administered and investigated these differences by administering two influenza viruses (a/california/07/2009 [h1n1 pandemic] and a/minnesota/11/2010 [h3n2 var ... | 2014 | 25187553 |
| t-cell-mediated cross-strain protective immunity elicited by prime-boost vaccination with a live attenuated influenza vaccine. | antigenic drift and shift of influenza viruses require frequent reformulation of influenza vaccines. in addition, seasonal influenza vaccines are often mismatched to the epidemic influenza strains. this stresses the need for a universal influenza vaccine. | 2014 | 25172265 |
| influenza m2 virus-like particles confer a broader range of cross protection to the strain-specific pre-existing immunity. | immunity in humans with annual vaccination does not provide effective protection against antigenically distinct strains. as an approach to improve cross-protection in the presence of pre-existing strain-specific immunity, we investigated the efficacy of heterologous and heterosubtypic protection in previously vaccinated mice at earlier times after subsequent immunization with conserved-antigenic target influenza m2 ectodomain (m2e) virus-like particle vaccine (m2e5× vlp). immunization of mice wi ... | 2014 | 25171841 |
| cleavage of hemagglutinin-bearing lentiviral pseudotypes and their use in the study of influenza virus persistence. | influenza a viruses (iavs) are a major cause of infectious respiratory human diseases and their transmission is dependent upon the environment. however, the role of environmental factors on iav survival outside the host still raises many questions. in this study, we used lentiviral pseudotypes to study the influence of the hemagglutinin protein in iav survival. high-titered and cleaved influenza-based lentiviral pseudoparticles, through the use of a combination of two proteases (hat and tmprss2) ... | 2014 | 25166303 |
| cellular and humoral cross-immunity against two h3n2v influenza strains in presumably unexposed healthy and hiv-infected subjects. | human cases of infection due to a novel swine-origin variant of influenza a virus subtype h3n2 (h3n2v) have recently been identified in the united states. pre-existing humoral and cellular immunity has been recognized as one of the key factors in limiting the infection burden of an emerging influenza virus strain, contributing to restrict its circulation and to mitigate clinical presentation. aim of this study was to assess humoral and cell-mediated cross immune responses to h3n2v in immuno-comp ... | 2014 | 25162670 |
| desc1 and mspl activate influenza a viruses and emerging coronaviruses for host cell entry. | the type ii transmembrane serine protease (ttsp) tmprss2 cleaves and activates the influenza virus and coronavirus surface proteins. expression of tmprss2 is essential for the spread and pathogenesis of h1n1 influenza viruses in mice. in contrast, h3n2 viruses are less dependent on tmprss2 for viral amplification, suggesting that these viruses might employ other ttsps for their activation. here, we analyzed ttsps, reported to be expressed in the respiratory system, for the ability to activate in ... | 2014 | 25122802 |
| evolution of oseltamivir resistance mutations in influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) viruses during selection in experimentally infected mice. | the evolution of oseltamivir resistance mutations during selection through serial passages in animals is still poorly described. herein, we assessed the evolution of neuraminidase (na) and hemagglutinin (ha) genes of influenza a/wsn/33 (h1n1) and a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) viruses recovered from the lungs of experimentally infected balb/c mice receiving suboptimal doses (0.05 and 1 mg/kg of body weight/day) of oseltamivir over two generations. the traditional phenotypic and genotypic methods as well ... | 2014 | 25114143 |
| pi3k/akt signaling pathway modulates influenza virus induced mouse alveolar macrophage polarization to m1/m2b. | macrophages polarized to m1 (pro-inflammation) or m2 (anti-inflammation) phenotypes in response to environmental signals. in this study, we examined the polarization of alveolar macrophage (am), following induction by different influenza virus strains (st169 (h1n1), st602 (h3n2) and hkg9 (h9n2)). macrophages from other tissues or cell line exert alternative responding pattern, and am is necessary for investigating the respiratory system. am polarized toward the m1 phenotype after 4 hours of infe ... | 2014 | 25105760 |
| inhibitory potency of flavonoid derivatives on influenza virus neuraminidase. | the constant risk of emerging new influenza virus strains that are resistant to established inhibitors like oseltamivir leaves influenza neuraminidase (na) a prominent target for drug design. the inhibitory activity of several flavonoid derivatives was experimentally tested in comparison to oseltamivir for the na expressed by the seasonal influenza virus strains a/california/7/09 (a(h1n1)pdm09), a/perth/16/09 (a(h3n2)), and b/brisbane/60/08. ic50 values of polyphenols confirmed moderate inhibiti ... | 2014 | 25096296 |
| the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalizations in children in hong kong, 2009-2013. | influenza vaccination is widely recommended every year to protect individuals against influenza virus infection and illness. there are few published estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization in children or from subtropical regions. | 2014 | 25092636 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness against medically-attended influenza illness during the 2012-2013 season in beijing, china. | influenza vaccine coverage remains low in china, and there is limited information on the preventive value of local vaccination programs. | 2014 | 25092635 |
| evaluation of the temporal association between kawasaki disease and viral infections in south korea. | this study is aimed at elucidating potential temporal associations between the occurrence of kawasaki disease (kd) and various viral infections. | 2014 | 25089137 |
| antiviral activity of baicalin against influenza a (h1n1/h3n2) virus in cell culture and in mice and its inhibition of neuraminidase. | scutellaria baicalensis georgi, a chinese herbal decoction, has been used for the treatment of the common cold, fever and influenza virus infections. in previous studies, we found that oral administration of baicalein resulted in the inhibition of influenza a virus replication in vivo, which was linked to baicalin in serum. however, the effective dose and underlying mechanisms of the efficacy of baicalin against influenza a virus have not been fully elucidated. in this study, the antiviral effec ... | 2014 | 25078390 |
| [evaluation of the sensitivity of a densitometry system, in judging the result of influenza virus antigen-detection kit using immunochromatography]. | immunochromatography viral antigen-detection kits have become popular in clinical settings in japan. influenza virus detection kit is one of them. it is sometimes used in early phase of the disease, combined with the early treatment with anti-influenza drugs. most of them are invented to visually read the test line on their kits. however, we should be careful about their reliability of them. sometimes human errors occur at the visual tests, and they have different sensitivities among the kits fr ... | 2014 | 25073199 |
| estimates of mortality attributable to influenza and rsv in the united states during 1997-2009 by influenza type or subtype, age, cause of death, and risk status. | influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cause substantial mortality from respiratory and other causes in the usa, especially among people aged 65 and older. | 2014 | 24975705 |
| universal immunity to influenza must outwit immune evasion. | although an influenza vaccine has been available for 70 years, influenza virus still causes seasonal epidemics and worldwide pandemics. currently available vaccines elicit strain-specific antibody (ab) responses to the surface haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) proteins, but these can be ineffective against serologically-distinct viral variants and novel subtypes. thus, there is a great need for cross-protective or "universal" influenza vaccines to overcome the necessity for annual immun ... | 2014 | 24971078 |
| surveillance of influenza virus during 2010-2012 in changsha, china. | the objective of this study was to examine the circulating influenza viruses in changsha, china, during 2010-2012. nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from persons with influenza-like illness (ili) who presented for care at two hospitals. of 2,955 patients tested, 278/(9.4%) were positive for influenza virus: 116/(41.7%) were influenza type a(h3n2), 79/(28.4%) were type a(h1n1) pandemic 2009 (pdm09) and 83/(29.9%) were influenza type b. the rates of virus detection varied by age and sex. the ... | 2014 | 24968671 |
| higher vaccine effectiveness in seasons with predominant circulation of seasonal influenza a(h1n1) than in a(h3n2) seasons: test-negative case-control studies using surveillance data, spain, 2003-2011. | we used data provided by the spanish influenza surveillance system to measure seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) against medically attended cases, laboratory confirmed with the predominately circulating influenza virus over eight seasons (2003-2011). | 2014 | 24968153 |
| introductions and evolution of human-origin seasonal influenza a viruses in multinational swine populations. | the capacity of influenza a viruses to cross species barriers presents a continual threat to human and animal health. knowledge of the human-swine interface is particularly important for understanding how viruses with pandemic potential evolve in swine hosts. we sequenced the genomes of 141 influenza viruses collected from north american swine during 2002 to 2011 and identified a swine virus that possessed all eight genome segments of human seasonal a/h3n2 virus origin. a molecular clock analysi ... | 2014 | 24965467 |
| serological report of pandemic and seasonal human influenza virus infection in dogs in southern china. | from january to july 2012, we looked for evidence of subclinical a (h1n1) pdm09 and seasonal human influenza viruses infections in healthy dogs in china. sera from a total of 1920 dogs were collected from guangdong, guangxi, fujian and jiangxi provinces. we also examined archived sera from 66 dogs and cats that were collected during 2008 from these provinces. using hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and microneutralization (mn) assays, we found that only the dogs sampled in 2012 had elevated antib ... | 2014 | 24965232 |
| epidemiology of influenza virus types and subtypes in south africa, 2009-2012. | to determine clinical and epidemiologic differences between influenza caused by different virus types and subtypes, we identified patients and tested specimens. patients were children and adults hospitalized with confirmed influenza and severe acute respiratory illness (sari) identified through active, prospective, hospital-based surveillance from 2009-2012 in south africa. respiratory specimens were tested, typed, and subtyped for influenza virus by pcr. of 16,005 sari patients tested, 1,239 (8 ... | 2014 | 24960314 |
| characterization of drug-resistant influenza virus a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) variants selected in vitro with laninamivir. | neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) play a major role for managing influenza virus infections. the widespread oseltamivir resistance among 2007-2008 seasonal a(h1n1) viruses and community outbreaks of oseltamivir-resistant a(h1n1)pdm09 strains highlights the need for additional anti-influenza virus agents. laninamivir is a novel long-lasting nai that has demonstrated in vitro activity against influenza a and b viruses, and its prodrug (laninamivir octanoate) is in phase ii clinical trials in the uni ... | 2014 | 24957832 |
| conservation of t cell epitopes between seasonal influenza viruses and the novel influenza a h7n9 virus. | a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus recently emerged in the yangtze river delta and caused diseases, often severe, in over 130 people. this h7n9 virus appeared to infect humans with greater ease than previous avian influenza virus subtypes such as h5n1 and h9n2. while there are other potential explanations for this large number of human infections with an avian influenza virus, we investigated whether a lack of conserved t-cell epitopes between endemic h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses and the ... | 2014 | 24950786 |
| a packaged paper fluidic-based microdevice for detecting gene expression of influenza a virus. | pathotyping and subtyping of influenza a virus were performed with a packaged paper fluidic-based analytical microdevice (pfam) after one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the pfam contains two test lines: one for detecting m gene to identify the influenza a virus and another for haemagglutinin subtyping to determine the viral strain among h1n1, h3n2, and h5n1. the m gene and the haemagglutinin gene (h1, h3, and h5 genes) were amplified by using the digoxigenin and t ... | 2014 | 24949821 |
| serological and molecular prevalence of swine influenza virus on farms in northwestern mexico. | the aim of this study was to provide an overview of the epidemiological status of swine influenza viruses in pigs from northwestern mexico in 2008-2009. a serological and molecular survey was conducted in 150 pigs from 15 commercial farms in sonora, mexico (northwestern region of mexico). the serological data showed that 55% of the sera were positive for the h1n1 subtype, 59% for the h3n2 subtype, and 38% for both subtypes. overall, 16.6% (25/150) of the samples were positive for type a influenz ... | 2014 | 24925324 |
| molecular epidemiology and evolution of a(h1n1)pdm09 and h3n2 virus during winter 2012-2013 in beijing, china. | in order to evaluate the epidemiology of influenza a and its surface antigens (haemagglutinin [ha] and neuraminidase [na]) for molecular epidemiology and evolution analysis during winter 2012-2013 in beijing, china, we worked within the framework of the chinese national influenza center and collected nasal swabs of patients presenting with influenza-like illness. we found that both a(h1n1)pdm09 (46.8%) and h3n2 (53.2%) viruses were the predominant strains during the 2012-2013 influenza epidemic. ... | 2014 | 24911284 |
| a brief introduction to influenza a virus in swine. | influenza a viruses (iav) of the orthomyxoviridae virus family cause one of the most important respiratory diseases in pigs as well as humans. repeated outbreaks and rapid spread of genetically and antigenically distinct iavs represent a considerable challenge for animal production and public health. this overlap between human and animal health is a prime example of the "one health" concept. although only subtypes of h1n1, h1n2, and h3n2 are endemic in swine around the world, considerable divers ... | 2014 | 24899434 |
| influenza virus h1n1 inhibition by serine protease inhibitor (serpin) antithrombin iii. | endogenous serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are anti-inflammatory mediators with multiple biologic functions. serpins are also part of the early innate immune response to viral infection that includes mannose binding lectins, soluble cd14, defensins and antimicrobial peptides. recently, serpin antithrombin iii (atiii) was shown to have broad-spectrum antiviral activity against hiv, hsv and hcv. we tested atiii's antiviral activity against a variety of influenza virus strains. in our studies ... | 2014 | 24883334 |
| detection of avian influenza a/h7n9/2013 virus by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | the first case of avian influenza a/h7n9 infection was reported in shanghai in mid-february, 2013; by may 1, 2013, it had infected 127 people and caused 26 deaths in 10 provinces in china. therefore, it is important to obtain reliable epidemiological data on the spread of this new infectious agent, a need that may be best met by the development of novel molecular methods. here, a new method was described for the detection of avian influenza a/h7n9 using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase ... | 2014 | 24880072 |
| [monitoring of activity of influenza in santa fe, argentina, 2005-2010]. | influenza viruses have a relevant public health impact. | 2014 | 24878901 |
| [optimization of culture condition for cultivation of influenza virus a on mdck cell]. | to optimize the cultivation condition of influenza virus a on mdck cells and to improve the separation rate and the inspected effect of influenza virus. | 2014 | 24868970 |
| safety and immunogenicity in man of a cell culture derived trivalent live attenuated seasonal influenza vaccine: a phase i dose escalating study in healthy volunteers. | live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) offers the promise of inducing a variety of immune responses thereby conferring protection to circulating field strains. laivs are based on cold adapted and temperature sensitive phenotypes of master donor viruses (mdvs) containing the surface glycoprotein genes of seasonal influenza strains. two types of mdv lineages have been described, the ann arbor lineages and the a/leningrad/17 and b/ussr/60 lineages. here the safety and immunogenicity of a madin da ... | 2014 | 24858566 |
| protective efficacy of intranasally administered bivalent live influenza vaccine and immunological mechanisms underlying the protection. | previously we reported the generation of a new potential live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) named siv/606 that expresses h1 and h3 has. we also demonstrated intratracheal vaccination of siv/606 conferred protection against infections with both h1 and h3 swine influenza virus subtypes in pigs. here we vaccinated pigs with siv/606 intranasally, which is a more suitable route for laiv, and evaluated vaccine efficacy. intranasal vaccination of siv/606 induced serum igg antibody responses again ... | 2014 | 24837774 |
| synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of 4-oxo- or thioxo-4,5-dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridin-3(1h)-ones. | a target-free approach was applied to discover anti-influenza viral compounds, where influenza infected madin-darby canine kidney cells were treated 7500 different small organic chemicals individually and reduction of virus-induced cytopathic effect was measured. one of the hit compounds was (z)-1-((5-fluoro-1h-indol-3-yl)methylene)-6-methyl-4-thioxo-4,5-dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridin-3(1h)-one (15a) with half-maximal effective concentrations of 17.4-21.1μm against influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2 and b viru ... | 2014 | 24794525 |
| aminoadamantanes with persistent in vitro efficacy against h1n1 (2009) influenza a. | a series of 2-adamantanamines with alkyl adducts of various lengths were examined for efficacy against strains of influenza a including those having an s31n mutation in m2 proton channel that confer resistance to amantadine and rimantadine. the addition of as little as one ch2 group to the methyl adduct of the amantadine/rimantadine analogue, 2-methyl-2-aminoadamantane, led to activity in vitro against two m2 s31n viruses a/calif/07/2009 (h1n1) and a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) but not to a third a/ws/33 (h1 ... | 2014 | 24793875 |
| population-based hospitalization burden of influenza a virus subtypes and antigenic drift variants in children in hong kong (2004-2011). | we aim to document and analyze influenza hospitalization burden in light of antigenic changes in circulating influenza viruses in hong kong. | 2014 | 24786780 |
| genesis and pathogenesis of the 1918 pandemic h1n1 influenza a virus. | the source, timing, and geographical origin of the 1918-1920 pandemic influenza a virus have remained tenaciously obscure for nearly a century, as have the reasons for its unusual severity among young adults. here, we reconstruct the origins of the pandemic virus and the classic swine influenza and (postpandemic) seasonal h1n1 lineages using a host-specific molecular clock approach that is demonstrably more accurate than previous methods. our results suggest that the 1918 pandemic virus originat ... | 2014 | 24778238 |
| molecular characterization of circulating pandemic strains of influenza a virus during 2012 to 2013 in lucknow (india). | the pandemic h1n1 strain of influenza a virus [a(h1n1)pdm09] is now well adapted in human populations. however, it is still causing sporadic outbreaks worldwide with different severity. the present study was planned to understand the genetic diversity (based on the ha1 gene) of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 strains circulating during the post pandemic period. the ha1 gene was selected because the ha1 protein is immunogenic, functions as a receptor binding site and indirectly affects transmission and pa ... | 2014 | 24777528 |
| performance of ehealth data sources in local influenza surveillance: a 5-year open cohort study. | there is abundant global interest in using syndromic data from population-wide health information systems--referred to as ehealth resources--to improve infectious disease surveillance. recently, the necessity for these systems to achieve two potentially conflicting requirements has been emphasized. first, they must be evidence-based; second, they must be adjusted for the diversity of populations, lifestyles, and environments. | 2014 | 24776527 |
| managing seasonal influenza: oseltamivir treatment policy in indonesia? | to manage cases of avian influenza a/h5n1 virus infection and in anticipation of a pandemic triggered by this virus, indonesia purchased and distributed oseltamivir to the government health facilities. oseltamivir is an antiviral drug that was developed for the treatment of influenza infections. disease surveillance and research suggests that seasonal influenza (a/h1n1, a/h3n2 or b) results in considerable morbidity and mortality in indonesia, where over 15% of influenza-like illness and severe ... | 2014 | 24760811 |
| reassortant swine influenza viruses isolated in japan contain genes from pandemic a(h1n1) 2009. | in 2013, three reassortant swine influenza viruses (sivs)-two h1n2 and one h3n2-were isolated from symptomatic pigs in japan; each contained genes from the pandemic a(h1n1) 2009 virus and endemic sivs. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two h1n2 viruses, a/swine/gunma/1/2013 and a/swine/ibaraki/1/2013, were reassortants that contain genes from the following three distinct lineages: (i) h1 and nucleoprotein (np) genes derived from a classical swine h1 ha lineage uniquely circulating among ja ... | 2014 | 24750464 |
| substantial morbidity and mortality associated with pandemic a/h1n1 influenza in mexico, winter 2013-2014: gradual age shift and severity. | a recrudescent wave of pandemic influenza a/h1n1 is underway in mexico in winter 2013-14, following a mild 2012-13 a/h3n2 influenza season. mexico previously experienced several waves of pandemic a/h1n1 activity in spring, summer and fall 2009 and winter 2011-2012, with a gradual shift of influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths towards older ages. here we describe changes in the epidemiology of the 2013-14 a/h1n1 influenza outbreak, relative to previous seasons dominated by the a/h1n1 pand ... | 2014 | 24744975 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a vero cell culture-derived whole-virus h5n1 influenza vaccine in chronically ill and immunocompromised patients. | the development of vaccines against h5n1 influenza a viruses is a cornerstone of pandemic preparedness. clinical trials of h5n1 vaccines have been undertaken in healthy subjects, but studies in risk groups have been lacking. in this study, the immunogenicity and safety of a nonadjuvanted cell culture-derived whole-virus h5n1 vaccine were assessed in chronically ill and immunocompromised adults. subjects received two priming immunizations with a clade 1 a/vietnam h5n1 influenza vaccine, and a sub ... | 2014 | 24739978 |
| influenza h1n1pdm-specific maternal antibodies offer limited protection against wild-type virus replication and influence influenza vaccination in ferrets. | the objective was to study passively acquired influenza h1n1 pandemic (h1n1pdm) maternal antibody kinetics and its impact on subsequent influenza infection and vaccination in ferrets during an outbreak of the h1n1pdm. | 2014 | 24734293 |
| assessment of seasonality of influenza in swine using field submissions to a diagnostic laboratory in ontario between 2007 and 2012. | seasonality of any infectious disease is important for its control and monitoring. while influenza seasonality in people has been evaluated extensively, this question has not been studied well in swine populations. | 2014 | 24725968 |
| epidemiological aspects of influenza a related to climatic conditions during and after a pandemic period in the city of salvador, northeastern brazil. | during the influenza pandemic of 2009, the a(h1n1)pdm09, a/h3n2 seasonal and influenza b viruses were observed to be co-circulating with other respiratory viruses. to observe the epidemiological pattern of the influenza virus between may 2009-august 2011, 467 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children less than five years of age in the city of salvador. in addition, data on weather conditions were obtained. indirect immunofluorescence, real-time transcription reverse polymerase chain ... | 2014 | 24714967 |
| il-15 adjuvanted multivalent vaccinia-based universal influenza vaccine requires cd4+ t cells for heterosubtypic protection. | current influenza vaccines are ineffective against novel viruses and the source or the strain of the next outbreak of influenza is unpredictable; therefore, establishing universal immunity by vaccination to limit the impact of influenza remains a high priority. to meet this challenge, a novel vaccine has been developed using the immunogenic live vaccinia virus as a vaccine vector, expressing multiple h5n1 viral proteins (ha, na, m1, m2, and np) together with il-15 as a molecular adjuvant. previo ... | 2014 | 24706798 |
| mutations flanking the carbohydrate binding site of surfactant protein d confer antiviral activity for pandemic influenza a viruses. | we recently reported that a trimeric neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (ncrd) fragment of human surfactant protein d (sp-d), a host defense lectin, with combinatorial substitutions at the 325 and 343 positions (d325a+r343v) exhibits markedly increased antiviral activity for seasonal strains of influenza a virus (iav). the ncrd binds to glycan-rich viral envelope proteins including hemagglutinin (ha). we now show that replacement of d325 with serine to create d325s+r343v provided equal or ... | 2014 | 24705721 |
| a humoral immunity survey following the 2012 influenza season after the ph1n1 pandemic in guangzhou, china. | according to pathogenic surveillance data during the first half of 2012, the h3n2 influenza virus was prevalent in guangdong, china, but no pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus was detected. this study aimed to measure the seroprevalence of ph1n1 and h3n2 infection following the influenza epidemic in 2012. we collected serum samples by stratified random sampling in a cross-sectional survey from august, 2012 to october, 2012. antibody titers against h3n2, ph1n1, and influenza b antigens were measured by t ... | 2014 | 24702517 |
| influenza a h1n1 pandemic strain evolution--divergence and the potential for antigenic drift variants. | the emergence of a novel a(h1n1) strain in 2009 was the first influenza pandemic of the genomic age, and unprecedented surveillance of the virus provides the opportunity to better understand the evolution of influenza. we examined changes in the nucleotide coding regions and the amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na), and nucleoprotein (np) segments of the a(h1n1)pdm09 strain using publicly available data. we calculated the nucleotide and amino acid hamming distance f ... | 2014 | 24699432 |
| development of high-throughput liquid chips for respiratory virus detection. | diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections clinically is often nonspecific, and a rapid, high-throughput laboratory technique which can detect major respiratory viruses is desirable. | 2014 | 24697109 |
| phylogeny of spanish swine influenza viruses isolated from respiratory disease outbreaks and evolution of swine influenza virus within an endemically infected farm. | in the present study, outbreaks of respiratory disease were investigated for the presence of swine influenza virus (siv). in 14 cases the circulating siv strains were isolated, fully sequenced and compared with other known sivs. the viruses causing the outbreaks belonged to the h1n1 (including human pandemic h1n1), h3n2 and h1n2 subtypes. in 11/14 cases the phylogenetic analyses indicated the occurrence of probable reassortment events. in the second part of the study, the genetic evolution of h1 ... | 2014 | 24685238 |
| protective effect of fluvastatin on influenza virus infection. | statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors and have pleiotropic effects. it has been suggested that statins may be a potential treatment during the next influenza pandemic. in a previous study we found that a statin/caffeine combination protects balb/c mice against influenza a, subtypes haemagglutinin type 5 and neuraminidase type 1 (h5n1), h3n2 and h1n1 infection. the effect of statins alone on influenza virus infection, however, is not known. in this study, it was i ... | 2014 | 24676773 |
| association between antibody titers and protection against influenza virus infection within households. | previous studies have established that antibody titer measured by the hemagglutination-inhibiting (hai) assay is correlated with protection against influenza virus infection, with an hai titer of 1:40 generally associated with 50% protection. | 2014 | 24676208 |
| protective efficacy of a high-growth reassortant swine h3n2 inactivated vaccine constructed by reverse genetic manipulation. | novel reassortant h3n2 swine influenza viruses (swiv) with the matrix gene from the 2009 h1n1 pandemic virus have been isolated in many countries as well as during outbreaks in multiple states in the united states, indicating that h3n2 swiv might be a potential threat to public health. since southern china is the world's largest producer of pigs, efficient vaccines should be developed to prevent pigs from acquiring h3n2 subtype swiv infections, and thus limit the possibility of swiv infection at ... | 2014 | 24675833 |
| low 2012-13 influenza vaccine effectiveness associated with mutation in the egg-adapted h3n2 vaccine strain not antigenic drift in circulating viruses. | influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) is generally interpreted in the context of vaccine match/mismatch to circulating strains with evolutionary drift in the latter invoked to explain reduced protection. during the 2012-13 season, however, detailed genotypic and phenotypic characterization shows that low ve was instead related to mutations in the egg-adapted h3n2 vaccine strain rather than antigenic drift in circulating viruses. | 2014 | 24667168 |
| influenza virus h1n1 activates platelets through fcγriia signaling and thrombin generation. | platelets play crucial functions in hemostasis and the prevention of bleeding. during h1n1 influenza a virus infection, platelets display activation markers. the platelet activation triggers during h1n1 infection remain elusive. we observed that h1n1 induces surface receptor activation, lipid mediator synthesis, and release of microparticles from platelets. these activation processes require the presence of serum/plasma, pointing to the contribution of soluble factor(s). considering that immune ... | 2014 | 24665136 |
| development of rapid immunochromatographic test for hemagglutinin antigen of h7 subtype in patients infected with novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. | since human infection with the novel h7n9 avian influenza virus was identified in china in march 2013, the relatively high mortality rate and possibility of human-to-human transmission have highlighted the urgent need for sensitive and specific assays for diagnosis of h7n9 infection. | 2014 | 24647358 |
| purification of vero cell derived live replication deficient influenza a and b virus by ion exchange monolith chromatography. | we explored the possibilities for purification of various δns1 live, replication deficient influenza viruses on ion exchange methacrylate monoliths. influenza a δns1-h1n1, δns1-h3n2, δns1-h5n1 and δns1-influenza b viruses were propagated in vero cells and concentrated by tangential flow filtration. all four virus strains adsorbed well to cim qa and cim deae anion exchangers, with cim qa producing higher recoveries than cim deae. δns1-influenza a viruses adsorbed well also to cim so3 cation excha ... | 2014 | 24631091 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness in spain 2013/14: subtype-specific early estimates using the cyceva study. | adjusted early estimates of the 2013/14 influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) in spain for all age groups was 35% (95% ci: -9 to 62), 33% (95% ci: -33 to 67) and 28% (95% ci: -33 to 61) against any influenza virus type, a(h1n1)pdm09 and a(h3n2) viruses, respectively. for the population targeted for vaccination, the adjusted ve was 44% (95% ci: -11 to 72), 36% (95% ci: -64 to 75) and 42% (95% ci: -29 to 74), respectively. these preliminary results in spain suggest a suboptimal protective effect of ... | 2014 | 24626206 |
| mucosal immunization with a candidate universal influenza vaccine reduces virus transmission in a mouse model. | pandemic influenza is a major public health concern, but conventional strain-matched vaccines are unavailable early in a pandemic. candidate "universal" vaccines targeting the viral antigens nucleoprotein (np) and matrix 2 (m2), which are conserved among all influenza a virus strains and subtypes, could be manufactured in advance for use at the onset of a pandemic. these vaccines do not prevent infection but can reduce disease severity, deaths, and virus titers in the respiratory tract. we hypot ... | 2014 | 24623430 |
| detection of nonhemagglutinating influenza a(h3) viruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in quantitative influenza virus culture. | to assess the efficacy of novel antiviral drugs against influenza virus in clinical trials, it is necessary to quantify infectious virus titers in respiratory tract samples from patients. typically, this is achieved by inoculating virus-susceptible cells with serial dilutions of clinical specimens and detecting the production of progeny virus by hemagglutination, since influenza viruses generally have the capacity to bind and agglutinate erythrocytes of various species through their hemagglutini ... | 2014 | 24622097 |
| stability of neuraminidase in inactivated influenza vaccines. | influenza vaccines are effective in protecting against illness and death caused by this seasonal pathogen. antibodies that block the function of either hemagglutinin (ha) or neuraminidase (na) contribute to vaccine efficacy, however vaccine potency is based only on ha content. na protein content in vaccines varies from season to season due to differences in the relative amounts of ha and na in influenza a, h1n1 and h3n2, and influenza b viruses that are selected for each manufacturing campaign. ... | 2014 | 24613525 |
| preexisting cd4+ t-cell immunity in human population to avian influenza h7n9 virus: whole proteome-wide immunoinformatics analyses. | in 2013, a novel avian influenza h7n9 virus was identified in human in china. the antigenically distinct h7n9 surface glycoproteins raised concerns about lack of cross-protective neutralizing antibodies. epitope-specific preexisting t-cell immunity was one of the protective mechanisms in pandemic 2009 h1n1 even in the absence of cross-protective antibodies. hence, the assessment of preexisting cd4+ t-cell immunity to conserved epitopes shared between h7n9 and human influenza a viruses (iav) is c ... | 2014 | 24609014 |
| metal enhanced fluorescence on nanoporous gold leaf-based assay platform for virus detection. | in the present study, a rapid, sensitive and quantitative detection of influenza a virus targeting hemagglutinin (ha) was developed using hybrid structure of quantum dots (qds) and nanoporous gold leaf (npgl). npgl film was prepared by dealloying bimetallic film where its surface morphology and roughness were fairly controlled. anti-influenza a virus ha antibody (ab66189) was bound with npgl and amine (-nh2) terminated qds. these biofunctionalized npgl and qds formed a complex with the influenza ... | 2014 | 24607620 |
| impact of 2009 pandemic influenza among vietnamese children based on a population-based prospective surveillance from 2007 to 2011. | influenza virus is one of the major viral pathogens causing pediatric acute respiratory infection (ari). the spread of pandemic influenza a (a(h1n1)pdm09) in 2009 around the globe had a huge impact on global health. | 2014 | 24602158 |
| the host protease tmprss2 plays a major role in in vivo replication of emerging h7n9 and seasonal influenza viruses. | proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein is essential for influenza a virus (iav) to acquire infectivity. this process is mediated by a host cell protease(s) in vivo. the type ii transmembrane serine protease tmprss2 is expressed in the respiratory tract and is capable of activating a variety of respiratory viruses, including low-pathogenic (lp) iavs possessing a single arginine residue at the cleavage site. here we show that tmprss2 plays an essential role in the proteolytic activ ... | 2014 | 24600012 |
| supplementation of influenza split vaccines with conserved m2 ectodomains overcomes strain specificity and provides long-term cross protection. | current influenza vaccines do not provide good protection against antigenically different influenza a viruses. as an approach to overcome strain specificity of protection, this study demonstrates significantly improved long-term cross protection by supplementing split vaccines with a conserved molecular target, a repeat of the influenza m2 ectodomain (m2e) expressed on virus-like particles (m2e5x vlps) in a membrane-anchored form. intramuscular immunization with h1n1 split vaccine (a/california/ ... | 2014 | 24590045 |
| 1,2,3-triazole-containing derivatives of rupestonic acid: click-chemical synthesis and antiviral activities against influenza viruses. | two series of rupestonic acid derivatives, (1-substituted-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl 2-((5r,8s,8as)-3,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroazulen-5-yl)acrylate and n-(1-substituted-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl 2-((5r,8s,8as)-3,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroazulen-5-yl)acrylamide were easily and efficiently synthesized via click chemistry. these compounds were tested for their in vitro activities against various strains of influenza a virus (h1n1, oseltamivir resistant h1n1, ... | 2014 | 24583605 |
| oseltamivir-zanamivir combination therapy is not superior to zanamivir monotherapy in mice infected with influenza a(h3n2) and a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses. | the efficacy of oseltamivir-zanamivir combination therapy compared to that of monotherapy was evaluated in mice infected with influenza a(h3n2) or a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses. for a(h3n2) virus, zanamivir monotherapy and oseltamivir-zanamivir combination showed significant reduction of mean weight loss compared to oseltamivir. zanamivir monotherapy also conferred decreased mortality, weight loss and lung viral titers (lvt) compared to oseltamivir for a(h1n1)pdm09 wild-type virus. intermediate benefits ... | 2014 | 24583158 |
| synthesis and anti-influenza activities of novel baicalein analogs. | a series of novel flavones derivatives were synthesized based on modification of the active ingredients of a traditional chinese medicine scutellaria baicalensis georgi and screened for anti-influenza activity. the synthetic baicalein (flavone) analogs, especially with the b-rings substituted with bromine atoms, were much more potent than oseltamivir or ribavirin against h1n1 tamiflu-resistant (h1n1 tr) virus and usually with more favorable selectivity. the most promising were 5b, 5c, 6b and 6c, ... | 2014 | 24572377 |
| antivirally active ribavirin analogues--4,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole nucleosides: biological evaluation against certain respiratory viruses and computational modelling. | ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that derives some of its activity from inhibition of cellular inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh), resulting in lower guanosine triphosphate (gtp) levels. here we report the biological activities of three ribavirin analogues. | 2014 | 23538746 |
| review of 10 years of clinical experience with chinese domestic trivalent influenza vaccine anflu®. | influenza viruses cause annual winter epidemics globally and influenza vaccination is most effective way to prevent the disease or severe outcomes from the illness, especially in developing countries. however, the majority of the world's total production capacity of influenza vaccine is concentrated in several large multinational manufacturers. a safe and effective preventive vaccine for the developing countries is urgent. anflu®, a chinese domestic preservative-free, split-virus trivalent influ ... | 2014 | 24104060 |
| incorporation of a proteotyping approach using mass spectrometry for surveillance of influenza virus in cell-cultured strains. | the reemergence of deadly pandemic influenza virus strains has necessitated the development of improved methods for rapid detection and subtyping of influenza viruses that will enable more strains to be characterized at the molecular level. representative circulating strains of human influenza viruses from primary clinical specimens were grown in cell culture, purified through polyethylene glycol precipitation, proteolytically digested with an endoproteinase, and analyzed and identified by high- ... | 2014 | 24226917 |
| receptor binding and ph stability - how influenza a virus hemagglutinin affects host-specific virus infection. | influenza a virus strains adopt different host specificities mainly depending on their hemagglutinin (ha) protein. via ha, the virus binds sialic acid receptors of the host cell and, upon endocytic uptake, ha triggers fusion between the viral envelope bilayer and the endosomal membrane by a low ph-induced conformational change leading to the release of the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm. both functions are crucial for viral infection enabling the genesis of new progeny virus. adaptati ... | 2014 | 24161712 |
| plc-γ1 signaling plays a subtype-specific role in postbinding cell entry of influenza a virus. | host signaling pathways and cellular proteins play important roles in the influenza viral life cycle and can serve as antiviral targets. in this study, we report the engagement of host phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase γ1 (plc-γ1) in mediating cell entry of influenza virus h1n1 but not h3n2 subtype. both plc-γ1-specific inhibitor and short hairpin rna (shrna) strongly suppress the replication of h1n1 but not h3n2 viruses in cell culture, suggesting that plc-γ1 plays an important subtype-sp ... | 2014 | 24155396 |
| activation of influenza a viruses by host proteases from swine airway epithelium. | pigs are important natural hosts of influenza a viruses, and due to their susceptibility to swine, avian, and human viruses, they may serve as intermediate hosts supporting adaptation and genetic reassortment. cleavage of the influenza virus surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha) by host cell proteases is essential for viral infectivity. most influenza viruses, including human and swine viruses, are activated at a monobasic ha cleavage site, and we previously identified tmprss2 and hat to be re ... | 2014 | 24155384 |
| newly emerging mutations in the matrix genes of the human influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 and a(h3n2) viruses reduce the detection sensitivity of real-time reverse transcription-pcr. | new variants of the influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 and a(h3n2) viruses were detected in taiwan between 2012 and 2013. some of these variants were not detected in clinical specimens using a common real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay that targeted the conserved regions of the viral matrix (m) genes. an analysis of the m gene sequences of the new variants revealed that several newly emerging mutations were located in the regions where the primers or probes of the real-time rt-pcr assay bind; ... | 2014 | 24153120 |
| molecular epidemiology of influenza a virus infection in cyprus in four consecutive seasons (2009 pandemic-2013). | the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of influenza a virus infection in cyprus from the 2009 pandemic until 2013. pandemic influenza a(h1n1)2009 virus infections outnumbered infections with other respiratory viruses until the end of 2009. the pandemic virus was also the prevalent influenza strain during influenza season 2010-2011; however, it was completely replaced by h3n2 subtype in the next season. during the most recent influenza season, 2012-2013, the pandemic strain was ... | 2014 | 24152574 |
| administration of as03b-adjuvanted a(h1n1)pdm09 vaccine in children aged <3 years enhances antibody response to h3 and b viruses following a single dose of trivalent vaccine one year later. | we report on a follow-up clinical and serological investigation of 274 children who received seasonal influenza vaccine (trivalent inactivated vaccine [tiv]) 1 year after receipt of either as03(b)-adjuvanted subunit or whole virus monovalent a(h1n1)pdm09 vaccine and describe the antibody responses to the h3n2 a/perth/16/2009 and b/brisbane/60/2008 components of tiv. | 2014 | 24149079 |
| first report of seroprevalence of swine influenza a virus in tibetan pigs in tibet, china. | swine influenza a virus (siv) is zoonotic pathogen that can be acquired by food-borne transmission because food animals, for example pigs, are recognized as a reservoir. the objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-siv (h1n1 and h3n2) in tibetan pigs in tibet nationality autonomous region, china, a region with cold weather and high altitude. a total of 421 serum samples were randomly collected from tibetan pigs in tibet and were evaluated for antibodies against siv u ... | 2014 | 23955014 |
| mortality attributable to seasonal and pandemic influenza, australia, 2003 to 2009, using a novel time series smoothing approach. | official statistics under-estimate influenza deaths. time series methods allow the estimation of influenza-attributable mortality. the methods often model background, non-influenza mortality using a cyclic, harmonic regression model based on the serfling approach. this approach assumes that the seasonal pattern of non-influenza mortality is the same each year, which may not always be accurate. | 2014 | 23755139 |
| survival of influenza virus on human fingers. | indirect transmission of the influenza virus via finger contamination with respiratory mucus droplets has been hypothesized to contribute to transmission in the community. under laboratory conditions, influenza-infected respiratory droplets were reconstituted as close as possible to natural conditions. we investigated experimentally the survival of influenza a (h3n2) and a (h1n1)pdm09 viruses on human fingers. infectious virus was easily recoverable on all fingers 1 min after fingertip contamina ... | 2014 | 23927722 |
| surveillance of human influenza a(h3n2) virus from 1999 to 2009 in southern italy. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of influenza virus co-infections in humans and changes in the genetic variability of a(h3n2) virus strains in southern italy from 1999 to 2009. a partial sequence of the haemagglutinin (ha) gene by human influenza h3n2 strains identified in oropharyngeal swabs from patients with influenza-like illness was analysed by dna sequencing and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. during the seasons 1999-2000, 2002-2003, 2004-2005 and 2008-2009, the in ... | 2014 | 23967903 |
| detection of influenza a virus nucleoprotein antibodies in oral fluid specimens from pigs infected under experimental conditions using a blocking elisa. | in commercial swine populations, influenza is an important component of the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) and a pathogen with major economic impact. previously, a commercial blocking elisa (flockchek(™) avian influenza virus multis-screen(®) antibody test kit, idexx laboratories, inc., westbrook, me, usa) designed to detect influenza a nucleoprotein (np) antibodies in avian serum was shown to accurately detect np antibodies in swine serum. the purpose of this study was to determine ... | 2014 | 23046061 |
| characteristics of influenza ha-na interdependence determined through a graphical technique. | influenza viruses are characterized by two surface proteins - the hemagglutinin (ha) of which there are 16 varieties, and the neuraminidase (na) of which there are 9, each subtype characterized by its antigenic properties. although theoretically 16 x 9 combinations are possible, only a few like the h1n1, h3n2, etc are seen to occur more frequently. numerous studies with select subtypes like h1n1, h5n1, etc., have explained this phenomena by indicating that viral viability necessitates functional ... | 2014 | 25794303 |
| european surveillance network for influenza in pigs: surveillance programs, diagnostic tools and swine influenza virus subtypes identified in 14 european countries from 2010 to 2013. | swine influenza causes concern for global veterinary and public health officials. in continuing two previous networks that initiated the surveillance of swine influenza viruses (sivs) circulating in european pigs between 2001 and 2008, a third european surveillance network for influenza in pigs (esnip3, 2010-2013) aimed to expand widely the knowledge of the epidemiology of european sivs. esnip3 stimulated programs of harmonized siv surveillance in european countries and supported the coordinatio ... | 2014 | 25542013 |
| flipping in the pore: discovery of dual inhibitors that bind in different orientations to the wild-type versus the amantadine-resistant s31n mutant of the influenza a virus m2 proton channel. | influenza virus infections lead to numerous deaths and millions of hospitalizations each year. one challenge facing anti-influenza drug development is the heterogeneity of the circulating influenza viruses, which comprise several strains with variable susceptibility to antiviral drugs. for example, the wild-type (wt) influenza a viruses, such as the seasonal h1n1, tend to be sensitive to antiviral drugs, amantadine and rimantadine, while the s31n mutant viruses, such as the pandemic 2009 h1n1 (h ... | 2014 | 25470189 |
| novel triple reassortant h1n2 influenza viruses bearing six internal genes of the pandemic 2009/h1n1 influenza virus were detected in pigs in china. | the pandemic a/h1n1 influenza viruses emerged in both mexico and the united states in march 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. transmissions of the pandemic 2009/h1n1 virus from humans to poultry and other species of mammals were reported from several continents during the course of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic. reassortant h1n1, h1n2, and h3n2 viruses containing genes of the pandemic 2009/h1n1 viruses appeared in pigs in some countries. | 2014 | 25467861 |
| influenza pneumonia surveillance among hospitalized adults may underestimate the burden of severe influenza disease. | studies seeking to estimate the burden of influenza among hospitalized adults often use case definitions that require presence of pneumonia. the goal of this study was to assess the extent to which restricting influenza testing to adults hospitalized with pneumonia could underestimate the total burden of hospitalized influenza disease. | 2014 | 25423025 |
| molecular characterization of h3n2 influenza a viruses isolated from ontario swine in 2011 and 2012. | data about molecular diversity of commonly circulating type a influenza viruses in ontario swine are scarce. yet, this information is essential for surveillance of animal and public health, vaccine updates, and for understanding virus evolution and its large-scale spread. | 2014 | 25416300 |
| field study on swine influenza virus (siv) infection in weaner pigs and sows. | the aim of this field study was to explore the occurrence of and factors associated with the detection of swine influenza virus (siv) by rtqpcr in weaner pigs and sows from herds with a history of respiratory or reproductive disorders. | 2014 | 25405955 |
| non-avian animal reservoirs present a source of influenza a pb1-f2 proteins with novel virulence-enhancing markers. | pb1-f2 protein, expressed from an alternative reading frame of most influenza a virus (iav) pb1 segments, may possess specific residues associated with enhanced inflammation (l62, r75, r79, and l82) and cytotoxicity (i68, l69, and v70). these residues were shown to increase the pathogenicity of primary viral and secondary bacterial infections in a mouse model. in contrast to human seasonal influenza strains, virulence-associated residues are present in pb1-f2 proteins from pandemic h1n1 1918, h2 ... | 2014 | 25368997 |
| antigenic and genomic characterization of human influenza a and b viruses circulating in argentina after the introduction of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09. | this study was conducted as part of the argentinean influenza and other respiratory viruses surveillance network, in the context of the global influenza surveillance carried out by the world health organization (who). the objective was to study the activity and the antigenic and genomic characteristics of circulating viruses for three consecutive seasons (2010, 2011 and 2012) in order to investigate the emergence of influenza viral variants. during the study period, influenza virus circulation w ... | 2014 | 25351708 |
| polymerase discordance in novel swine influenza h3n2v constellations is tolerated in swine but not human respiratory epithelial cells. | swine-origin h3n2v, a variant of h3n2 influenza virus, is a concern for novel reassortment with circulating pandemic h1n1 influenza virus (h1n1pdm09) in swine because this can lead to the emergence of a novel pandemic virus. in this study, the reassortment prevalence of h3n2v with h1n1pdm09 was determined in swine cells. reassortants evaluated showed that the h1n1pdm09 polymerase (pa) segment occurred within swine h3n2 with ∼ 80% frequency. the swine h3n2-human h1n1pdm09 pa reassortant (swh3n2-h ... | 2014 | 25330303 |
| ifitm3 polymorphism rs12252-c restricts influenza a viruses. | the ifitm3 polymorphism rs12252-c, which encodes an ifitm3 isoform (δ21 ifitm3) lacking 21 amino acids at the amino terminus, has been controversially associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with h1n1 influenza a virus (iav) infections. in vitro studies have shown that δ21 ifitm3 loses its ability to restrict h1n1 iav. subsequent research has also revealed that tyrosine 20 is the key determinant for ifitm3 endocytic trafficking, which is essential for the efficient anti-viral activity ... | 2014 | 25314048 |
| induction of cd8 t cell heterologous protection by a single dose of single-cycle infectious influenza virus. | the effector functions of specific cd8 t cells are crucial in mediating influenza heterologous protection. however, new approaches for influenza vaccines that can trigger effective cd8 t cell responses have not been extensively explored. we report here the generation of single-cycle infectious influenza virus that lacks a functional hemagglutinin (ha) gene on an x31 genetic background and demonstrate its potential for triggering protective cd8 t cell immunity against heterologous influenza virus ... | 2014 | 25100831 |
| strain-specific antiviral activity of iminosugars against human influenza a viruses. | drugs that target host cell processes can be employed to complement drugs that specifically target viruses, and iminosugar compounds that inhibit host α-glucosidases have been reported to show antiviral activity against multiple viruses. here the effect and mechanism of two iminosugar α-glucosidase inhibitors, n-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (nb-dnj) and n-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin (nn-dnj), on human influenza a viruses was examined. | 2014 | 25223974 |