Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| viral infections in interferon-gamma receptor deficiency. | interferon-gamma receptor deficiency is a recently described immunodeficiency that is associated with onset of severe mycobacterial infections in childhood. we describe the occurrence of symptomatic and often severe viral infections in 4 patients with interferon-gamma receptor deficiency and mycobacterial disease. the viral pathogens included herpes viruses, parainfluenza virus type 3, and respiratory syncytial virus. we conclude that patients with interferon-gamma receptor deficiency and mycoba ... | 1999 | 10547254 |
| rational design of live-attenuated recombinant vaccine virus for human respiratory syncytial virus by reverse genetics. | rsv is a major cause of pediatric respiratory tract disease worldwide, but a vaccine is not yet available. it is now possible to prepare live infectious rsv completely from cdna. this provides a method for introducing defined mutations into infectious virus, making possible the rational design of a live-attenuated vaccine virus for intranasal administration. this is particularly important for rsv, for which achieving the appropriate balance between attenuation and immunogenicity by conventional ... | 1999 | 10547682 |
| prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | 1999 | 10549378 | |
| rescue of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus genomic rna analog by bovine, human and ovine respiratory syncytial viruses confirms the "functional integrity" and "cross-recognition" of brsv cis-acting elements by hrsv and orsv. | the nucleotide sequences of the 3' leader and 5' trailer regions were determined for genomic rna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strain a-51908. the leader and trailer sequences are '45' and '161' nucleotides in length, respectively. the functionality of brsv leader and trailer sequences and their recognition by hrsv and ovine respiratory syncytial virus (orsv) proteins were examined with a in vitro transcribed brsv genomic rna analog carrying the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl tr ... | 1999 | 10550670 |
| transfer of the enhancing effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on subsequent allergic airway sensitization by t lymphocytes. | in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection enhances allergic airway sensitization, resulting in lung eosinophilia and in airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr). the mechanisms by which rsv contributes to development of asthma and its effects on allergic airway sensitization in mice are not known. we tested whether these consequences of rsv infection can be adoptively transferred by t cells and whether depletion of t cell subsets prevents the effects of rsv infection on subsequent airway sens ... | 1999 | 10553105 |
| childhood viral infection and the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. | many epidemiologic studies have implicated childhood respiratory infections as an independent risk factor for the subsequent development of persistent asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the majority of these childhood infections are viral in origin, and great strides are being made in understanding their pathogenesis at the molecular level. some viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus-a common cause of childhood bronchiolitis-stimulate the helper t cell type 2 (th2) pa ... | 1999 | 10556165 |
| a recombinant trimeric surfactant protein d carbohydrate recognition domain inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | the pulmonary collectin, lung surfactant protein d (sp-d), plays a role in host defense mediated by the interaction of surface carbohydrates of inhaled pathogens with the lectin domains of sp-d. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most important viral pathogen of neonates and infants, encodes a highly glycosylated attachment protein, g. binding studies were performed with g protein from rsv (human, a2 strain) and both native and recombinant human sp-d. the effect of recombinant trimeric sp-d ... | 1999 | 10556802 |
| surfactant protein a binds to the fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus and neutralizes virion infectivity. | collectins are a family of calcium-dependent collagenous lectins that appear to be important in innate host defense. we investigated the ability of three human collectins, namely, lung surfactant proteins a (sp-a) and d (sp-d) and the serum mannose-binding protein (mbp), to bind to the surface glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). sp-a was shown to bind to the f (fusion) glycoprotein but not to the viral g (attachment) glycoprotein, and binding was completely abrogated in the prese ... | 1999 | 10558959 |
| replacement of the f and g proteins of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a with those of subgroup b generates chimeric live attenuated rsv subgroup b vaccine candidates. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) exists as two antigenic subgroups, a and b, both of which should be represented in a vaccine. the f and g glycoproteins are the major neutralization and protective antigens, and the g protein in particular is highly divergent between the subgroups. the existing system for reverse genetics is based on the a2 strain of rsv subgroup a, and most efforts to develop a live attenuated rsv vaccine have focused on strain a2 or other subgroup a viruses. in the prese ... | 1999 | 10559287 |
| priming with a secreted form of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) promotes interleukin-4 (il-4) and il-5 production but not pulmonary eosinophilia following rsv challenge. | the attachment (g) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is synthesized as two mature forms: a membrane-anchored form and a smaller secreted form. balb/c mice scarified with vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the secreted form develop a greater pulmonary eosinophilic influx following rsv challenge than do mice scarified with vv expressing the membrane-anchored form. to determine if a soluble form of an rsv protein was sufficient to induce eosinophilia following rsv challenge, a cdna that enco ... | 1999 | 10559323 |
| pulmonary failure after norwood procedure: indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation? a case report. | today some authors consider univentricular repair a contraindication for postoperative cardiac extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo). the question is whether or not ecmo is indicated as pulmonary support in case of an overwhelming pulmonary infection during the postoperative course after a norwood procedure. during the prolonged weaning period after a norwood procedure using a 4 mm aortopulmonary shunt, proven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis occurred at the time of expected ... | 1999 | 10564313 |
| inhaled antimicrobial therapy. | although antimicrobial therapy has been administered through the inhaled route for decades, it has always been controversial. there are relatively few accepted indications for this mode of administration. well-controlled studies of aerosolized antibiotics in cystic fibrosis demonstrate that tobramycin on a cyclical basis may reduce sputum volume, bacterial counts, and improve pulmonary function. preliminary data indicate that inhaled antibiotic therapy of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis ... | 1999 | 10565884 |
| addition of a missense mutation present in the l gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cpts530/1030 to rsv vaccine candidate cpts248/404 increases its attenuation and temperature sensitivity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cpts530/1030 is an attenuated, temperature-sensitive subgroup a vaccine candidate derived previously from cold-passaged rsv (cprsv) by two sequential rounds of chemical mutagenesis and biological selection. here, cpts530/1030 was shown to be highly attenuated in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of seronegative chimpanzees. however, evaluation in seropositive children showed that it retains sufficient replicative capacity and virulence to preclude its direc ... | 1999 | 9882287 |
| dexamethasone regulation of lung epithelial cell and fibroblast interleukin-11 production. | studies were undertaken to define the effects of corticosteroids on stromal cell interleukin (il)-11 production. unstimulated a549 epithelial-like cells produced modest amounts of il-11, and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta1 was a potent, dose-dependent stimulator of a549 cell il-11 elaboration. dexamethasone inhibited the levels of basal and tgf-beta1-stimulated il-11 elaboration in a dose-dependent fashion. in the setting of tgf-beta1 stimulation, dexamethasone caused a >90% decrease in i ... | 1999 | 9887070 |
| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia among the elderly: an assessment of disease burden. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract disease among the elderly, but national estimates of the burden of this disease have not been made. to estimate the morbidity, mortality, and medical costs of rsv-associated pneumonia among us elderly, national hospital discharge data, vital statistics, etiologic studies of adult pneumonia hospitalizations, and medicare cost data were reviewed. in the united states, 687,000 hospitalizations and 74,000 deaths ... | 1999 | 9841818 |
| elevated cytokine concentrations in the nasopharyngeal and tracheal secretions of children with respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants. the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of rsv disease is not well-understood. the present study was designed (1) to determine whether rantes (regulated on activation, normal t cell expressed and presumably secreted), macrophage-inflammatory protein-1-alpha (mip-1-alpha), interleukin (il)-6, il-8 and il-10 can be detected in respiratory secretions of children with rsv infectio ... | 1999 | 10048682 |
| recovery of respiratory syncytial virus from stethoscopes by conventional viral culture and polymerase chain reaction. | 1999 | 10048692 | |
| viral lower respiratory tract infections in children in istanbul, turkey. | 1999 | 10048697 | |
| effects of viral lower respiratory tract infection on lung function in infants with cystic fibrosis. | to determine the effect of respiratory viral infections on pulmonary function in infants with cystic fibrosis (cf) after the respiratory virus season (october through march). | 1999 | 10049966 |
| effect of inhaled nitric oxide on respiratory mechanics in ventilated infants with rsv bronchiolitis. | to evaluate the bronchodilator effect of inhaled nitric oxide (no) in infants with respiratory failure caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and to compare the effect with the one obtained by salbutamol. | 1999 | 10051083 |
| rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in wheezing children requiring emergency care. ige and eosinophil analyses. | this cross-sectional emergency department study of 70 wheezing children and 59 control subjects (2 mo to 16 yr of age) examined the prevalence of respiratory viruses and their relationship to age, atopic status, and eosinophil markers. nasal washes were cultured for respiratory viruses, assayed for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen, and tested for coronavirus and rhinovirus rna using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). also evaluated were eosinophil numbers and eosinophil cationic protei ... | 1999 | 10051251 |
| interferon gamma expressed by a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus attenuates virus replication in mice without compromising immunogenicity. | interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) has pleiotropic biological effects, including intrinsic antiviral activity as well as stimulation and regulation of immune responses. an infectious recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus (rrsv/mifn-gamma) was constructed that encodes murine (m) ifn-gamma as a separate gene inserted into the g-f intergenic region. cultured cells infected with rrsv/mifn-gamma secreted 22 microg mifn-gamma per 10(6) cells. the replication of rrsv/mifn-gamma, but not that of a con ... | 1999 | 10051648 |
| maternal immunization. | maternal immunization can enhance passive immunity of infants to pathogens that cause life-threatening illnesses. in most instances, immunization during pregnancy will provide important protection for the woman as well as for her offspring. the tetanus toxoid and influenza vaccines are examples of vaccines that provide a double benefit. other vaccines under evaluation include those for respiratory syncytial virus, pneumococci, group b streptococci, and haemophilus influenzae type b. although mos ... | 1999 | 10064230 |
| [hypoplastic left-heart syndrome. initial intensive care experiences with the norwood operation in vienna]. | palliative surgery of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome (hlhs), whereby both pulmonary and systemic circulation are restored, was first described by norwood in 1983. careful ventilatory and pharmacologic modulation of the ratio of pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance are a crucial part of pre-, peri- and postoperative management. we report our experience in 3 of 7 newborns with hlhs who underwent the norwood operation. hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were evaluated retrospectively ... | 1999 | 10067267 |
| the effect of formalin-inactivated vaccine on respiratory disease associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves. | the effect of vaccination with a formalin-inactivated, alum-precipitated (fi), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) vaccine on brsv induced respiratory disease in calves was investigated. six month old brsv-naive calves were vaccinated with either a fi, a modified live virus (mlv), or virus antigen negative control vaccine (n = 4 per group). one month after the second vaccination, the calves were aerosol challenged with lung wash from a newborn calf infected with a field isolate of brsv. mo ... | 1999 | 10067686 |
| complete protection of mice from respiratory syncytial virus infection following mucosal delivery of synthetic peptide vaccines. | we have previously shown that intraperitoneal immunization of balb/c mice with the 14 amino-acid long synthetic peptides g/174-187 and bg/174-187, representing the region 174-187 of the g-glycoprotein from human (h) and bovine (b) respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), respectively, completely protects animals from infection with the corresponding virus. a current goal in vaccine development being the delivery of noninvasive protective antigens via mucosal surfaces, we have evaluated the immunogenic ... | 1999 | 10067688 |
| two neutralizing human anti-rsv antibodies: cloning, expression, and characterization. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major problem in the newborn and aging populations. fully human monoclonal antibodies with the ability to neutralize rsv could have a major impact on the immunotherapy of the disease. the generation of human antibodies has been difficult because there exists no general way to activate b cells against an antigen of choice in vitro. | 1999 | 10072446 |
| il-5 and eosinophils are essential for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness following acute respiratory syncytial virus infection. | viral respiratory infections can cause bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exacerbate asthma. in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, which induces an immune response dominated by ifn-gamma, results in airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and eosinophil influx into the airways, both of which are prevented by pretreatment with anti-il-5 ab. to delineate the role of il-5, il-4, and ifn-gamma in the development of rsv-induced ahr and lung eosinophilia, we tested the ability of mice deficien ... | 1999 | 10072551 |
| the serum albumin-binding region of streptococcal protein g (bb) potentiates the immunogenicity of the g130-230 rsv-a protein. | bbg2na is a protein comprising residues 130-230 of the respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) g protein (g2na) fused to the albumin-binding domain of streptococcal g protein (bb). bbg2na was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli and renaturated. in rodent models, this subunit rsv vaccine adjuvanted in alhydrogel induced specific antibodies and conferred protection to rsv infection. comparison of the antibody production in a balb/c mouse model revealed that bbg2na induced a stronger and e ... | 1999 | 10073717 |
| human antibody responses to mature and immature forms of viral envelope in respiratory syncytial virus infection: significance for subunit vaccines. | a number of antibodies generated during human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection have been cloned by the phage library approach. antibodies reactive with an immunodominant epitope on the f glycoprotein of this virus have a high affinity for affinity-purified f antigen. these antibodies, however, have a much lower affinity for mature f glycoprotein on the surface of infected cells and are nonneutralizing. in contrast, a potent neutralizing antibody has a high affinity for mature f protei ... | 1999 | 10074145 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial virus bearing a deletion of either the ns2 or sh gene is attenuated in chimpanzees. | the ns2 and sh genes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) have been separately deleted from a recombinant wild-type rsv strain, a2 (m. n. teng and p. l. collins, j. virol. 73:466-473, 1998; a. bukreyev et al., j. virol. 71:8973-8982, 1997; and this study). the resulting viruses, designated ra2deltans2 and ra2deltash, were administered to chimpanzees to evaluate their levels of attenuation and immunogenicity. recombinant virus ra2deltans2 replicated to moderate levels in the upper respiratory tra ... | 1999 | 10074199 |
| antiviral activity in argentine medicinal plants. | in an ethnopharmacological screening of selected medicinal plants used in argentina for the treatment of infectious diseases, aqueous extracts of five species were assayed in vitro to detect antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenovirus serotype 7 (adv-7). polygonum punctatum, lithraea molleoides, sebastiania brasiliensis and sebastiania klotzschiana but not myrcianthes cisplatensis showed in vitro antiherpetic activity with 50% ... | 1999 | 10075125 |
| respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein expressed using the semliki forest virus replicon is biologically active. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein mediates attachment of rsv to cells via an unknown receptor. to study g glycoprotein function we have cloned two variants of the rsv g gene into a semliki forest virus (sfv) expression vector, a full length (rg) and soluble (srg) g glycoprotein variant. by immunofluorescence microscopy, rg was found to be predominantly membrane associated, while srg was mostly cytoplasmic. the rg (80-85 kda) and srg (75-80 kda) constructs produced heavily glyc ... | 1999 | 10076512 |
| infection with respiratory syncytial virus enhances expression of native receptors for non-pilate neisseria meningitidis on hep-2 cells. | respiratory virus infections have been suggested to be predisposing factors for meningococcal disease. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) affects young children in the age range at greatest risk of disease caused by neisseria meningitidis. it has been previously shown that glycoprotein g expressed on the surface of rsv-infected hep-2 cells (a human epithelial cell line) contributed to higher levels of binding of meningococci compared with uninfected cells. the aim of the present study was to exam ... | 1999 | 10076908 |
| stimulus-specific regulation of chemokine expression involves differential activation of the redox-responsive transcription factors ap-1 and nf-kappab. | the promoters of the il-8, mcp-1, and rantes genes contain binding sites for the redox-responsive transcription factors ap-1 and nf-kappab, which have been shown to be important for their expression. in this overview, we present evidence from our laboratories that the stimulus-specific regulation of these chemokines by the reactive oxidant h2o2, the proinflammatory cytokine tnf-alpha, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is mediated in a cell type-specific manner involving different patterns of ... | 1999 | 10080530 |
| advances in antiviral therapy. | multiple agents for the treatment and prevention of viral illnesses have been developed during the past few years. while in many cases this has been in direct response to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic, a number of new antiviral agents are relevant to the practice of general pediatrics. this article reviews recent advances in the therapy of some common and a few unusual viral illnesses of children. the indication and efficacy of the newly developed agents valacyclovir, famciclo ... | 1999 | 10084079 |
| nebulization of drugs in a nasal cpap system. | aerosolized drugs have been used in infants for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (beta-agonists, steroids and surfactant) and bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (epinephrine and ribavirin). controlled clinical trials have, however, produced conflicting results, probably due in part to problems with the transportation of the aerosol from the nebulizer to the bronchioli. we have modified a nasal continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) s ... | 1999 | 10090555 |
| effectiveness of rsv-ivig in premature infants: success in the home. | 1999 | 10189302 | |
| a simple and reproducible method for collecting nasal secretions in frail elderly adults, for measurement of virus-specific iga. | the standard method for collection of respiratory secretions, by use of a nasal wash (nw) to measure virus-specific iga, is problematic in frail elderly adults. therefore, a simplified collection approach using a nasal swab (ns) is described. nw and ns samples were collected from healthy young and frail elderly adults, and iga titers to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion and attachment glycoproteins were determined by enzyme immunoassay. correlation between iga titers in nw and ns was exce ... | 1999 | 10191235 |
| surfactant protein levels in severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of respiratory disease in infancy. surfactant phospholipids have been shown to be reduced in severe rsv infection. reduction in surfactant proteins might also contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. we investigated daily levels of surfactant proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid from 18 ventilated infants with rsv infection (median age 3.1 mo) and in a control group of 16 ventilated surgical patients (median age ... | 1999 | 10194154 |
| severity of illness models for respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalization. | the objective of this investigation was to examine the feasibility of multivariate severity of illness models for pediatric patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. from a preexisting retrospective cohort study database, all infants and children 2 yr of age or younger with community-acquired rsv infection admitted to the university of michigan's c. s. mott children's hospital during nine epidemics were examined. the study group consisted of 802 hospitalized patient ... | 1999 | 10194171 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: immune response, immunopathogenesis, and treatment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the single most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection during infancy and early childhood. once rsv infection is established, the host immune response includes the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies and t-cell-specific immunity. the humoral immune response normally results in the development of anti-rsv neutralizing-antibody titers, but these are often suboptimal during an infant's initial infection. even when the production of rsv neut ... | 1999 | 10194461 |
| surfactant protein-a enhances respiratory syncytial virus clearance in vivo. | to determine the role of surfactant protein-a(sp-a) in antiviral host defense, mice lacking sp-a (sp-a-/-) were produced by targeted gene inactivation. sp-a-/- and control mice (sp-a+/+) were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by intratracheal instillation. pulmonary infiltration after infection was more severe in sp-a-/- than in sp-a+/+ mice and was associated with increased rsv plaque-forming units in lung homogenates. pulmonary infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes was g ... | 1999 | 10194474 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection leading to hospital admission in children in the western region of the gambia. | acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in young children worldwide. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most important viral cause of severe alri but only a small proportion of children infected with this virus develop severe disease. to identify possible risk factors for severe rsv infection leading to hospital admission we have carried out a case-control study of gambian children with rsv infection admitted to hospital. | 1999 | 10195682 |
| interferon gamma production during bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection is diminished in calves vaccinated with formalin-inactivated brsv. | formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) vaccination has been associated with severe disease in humans. research in mice suggests that fi-rsv may prime for decreased interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) production at subsequent infection. interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was measured following challenge of calves vaccinated with fi-brsv to determine whether a similar mechanism is operative in a host naturally susceptible to rsv. eight-week old mal ... | 1999 | 10195762 |
| the two amino acid substitutions in the l protein of cpts530/1009, a live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus candidate vaccine, are independent temperature-sensitive and attenuation mutations. | cpts530/1009 is a live-attenuated, temperature-sensitive (ts) rsv vaccine candidate that was shown previously to be attenuated for seronegative humans. it was generated by two rounds of chemical mutagenesis: first, a partially attenuated, cold-passaged (cp), non-ts rsv mutant (cprsv) was mutagenized to yield the ts derivative cpts530, and then cpts530 was mutagenized to yield cpts530/1009, which is more ts. previous nucleotide (nt) sequence analysis of cpts530 showed that it has a single nt chan ... | 1999 | 10195777 |
| incomplete regulation of nf-kappab by ikappabalpha during respiratory syncytial virus infection in a549 cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of airway epithelial cells results in persistent nf-kappab activation and nf-kappab-mediated interleukin-8 production. previous studies in airway epithelial cells demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha)-induced nf-kappab activation is transient due to regulation by ikappabalpha. however, during rsv infection, ikappabalpha has only a partial inhibitory effect on nf-kappab activation. studies presented here demonstrate that neither incr ... | 1999 | 10196356 |
| reducing the rate of nosocomially transmitted respiratory syncytial virus. | a large number (17) of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus cases led to the development of control measures to prevent transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) within the johns hopkins hospital's children's center. | 1999 | 10196485 |
| sequential mri, spect and pet in respiratory syncytial virus encephalitis. | we report on a 3-year-old girl with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encephalitis manifested by disturbance of consciousness, conjugate eye deviation, anuria, truncal ataxia and intention tremor. t2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed hyperintense areas in the cerebellar cortex. no lesion was detected in the cerebral cortex, pons or spinal cord. the hyperintense areas in the cerebellar cortex diminished with recovery from the clinical manifestations and had resolved 2 months after ... | 1999 | 10199908 |
| increased production of ifn-gamma and cysteinyl leukotrienes in virus-induced wheezing. | an imbalance of production of t-helper lymphocyte cytokines, favoring overproduction of il-4, is believed to be important in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. however, less is known about the cytokine response in virus-induced wheezing, which is a major cause of morbidity in asthma. | 1999 | 10200012 |
| isoproterenol continuous inhalation therapy in an infant with severe bronchiolitis lifesaving therapy. | 1999 | 10200144 | |
| cd8 t cells are essential in the development of respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness. | viral respiratory infections can cause bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exacerbate asthma. in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection results in airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and eosinophil influx into the airways. the immune cell requirements for these responses to rsv infection are not well defined. to delineate the role of cd8 t cells in the development of rsv-induced ahr and lung eosinophilia, we tested the ability of mice depleted of cd8 t cells to develop these symptoms of rs ... | 1999 | 10201948 |
| role of 'atypical' pneumonia pathogens in respiratory tract infections. | the 'atypical' pathogens are important causes of pneumonia, causing illness ranging from mild to life-threatening. the most common atypical pathogens are mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae; others include legionella species, chlamydia psittaci and viruses such as influenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. infection rates for these agents are difficult to determine because many clinicians and investigators do not routinely test for them, but reported rates are in the range ... | 1999 | 10202227 |
| induction of cd95 (fas) and apoptosis in respiratory epithelial cell cultures following respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with epithelial cell death and vigorous inflammation. in mouse models, and in immunosuppressed patients, cd8(+) t cells are necessary for rsv clearance. in vitro, rsv has been shown to induce expression of several proteins on the respiratory epithelial cell, including rsv proteins, icam-1, and mhc class i, that can potentially interact with cd8(+) t cells in initiating apoptosis of the target cell. one mechanism of t-cell-directed cell de ... | 1999 | 10208933 |
| tracheal aspirate as a substrate for polymerase chain reaction detection of viral genome in childhood pneumonia and myocarditis. | infectious respiratory disorders are important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. viral causes are common and may lead to rapid deterioration, requiring mechanical ventilation; myocardial dysfunction may accompany respiratory decompensation. the etiologic viral diagnosis may be difficult with classic methods. the purpose of this study was to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a diagnostic method for identification of causative agents. | 1999 | 10209006 |
| evaluation of severe disease induced by aerosol inoculation of calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | to develop a model of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection that induces severe disease similar to that seen in some cattle with naturally acquired brsv infection. | 1999 | 10211692 |
| [the efficacy of oral vitamin a supplementation for measles and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection]. | recently, the efficacy of oral vitamin a supplementation for measles and respiratory syncytial (rsv) infection has been evaluated in developing countries. however, in developed countries where vitamin a deficiency is little worth consideration, few studies have been conducted on the effect of vitamin a supplementation. the effect of oral vitamin a (100,000 iu) supplementation was evaluated in 105 children with measles (age 5 months to 4 years) and in 96 children with rsv infection (ages a month ... | 1999 | 10213986 |
| [central apnea in newborns]. | three neonates had diverse kinds of central apnoea. the first child, a girl aged 3 weeks, had an upper respiratory tract infection caused by the respiratory syncytial virus; she was intubated and needed ventilatory support for three days. the second patient, a boy of 17 days, had an arnold-chiari-malformation with apnoeas treated with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide). the third patient, a boy of 5 days, had central apnoeas of epileptic origin and was treated with phenobarbital. all ... | 1999 | 10221119 |
| rapid identification of nine microorganisms causing acute respiratory tract infections by single-tube multiplex reverse transcription-pcr: feasibility study. | acute respiratory tract infections (aris) are leading causes of morbidity and, in developing countries, mortality in children. a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay was developed to allow in one test the detection of nine different microorganisms (enterovirus, influenza a and b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], parainfluenzaviruses type 1 and type 3, adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia pneumoniae) that do not usually colonize the respiratory tracts of humans ... | 1999 | 9854054 |
| diverse gene junctions of respiratory syncytial virus modulate the efficiency of transcription termination and respond differently to m2-mediated antitermination. | the ability of the diverse gene junctions of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus to signal the termination of transcription was analyzed. nine dicistronic subgenomic replicons of rs virus were constructed; each contained one of the rs virus gene junctions in its natural upstream and downstream sequence context. the rna synthesis activities of these subgenomic replicons were analyzed in the absence and presence of the m2 protein, which we showed previously to function as a transcription antiterminat ... | 1999 | 9847319 |
| generation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) from cdna: brsv ns2 is not essential for virus replication in tissue culture, and the human rsv leader region acts as a functional brsv genome promoter. | in order to generate recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), the genome of brsv strain a51908, variant atue51908, was cloned as cdna. we provide here the sequence of the brsv genome ends and of the entire l gene. this completes the sequence of the brsv genome, which comprises a total of 15,140 nucleotides. to establish a vaccinia virus-free recovery system, a bhk-derived cell line stably expressing t7 rna polymerase was generated (bsr t7/5). recombinant brsv was reproducibly recov ... | 1999 | 9847328 |
| model for polymerase access to the overlapped l gene of respiratory syncytial virus. | the last two genes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), m2 and l, overlap by 68 nucleotides, an arrangement which has counterparts in a number of nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses. thus, the gene-end (ge) signal of m2 lies downstream of the l gene-start (gs) signal, separated by 45 nucleotides. since rsv transcription ostensibly is sequential and unidirectional from a single promoter within the 3' leader region, it was unclear how the polymerase accesses the l gs signal. furthermore, it ... | 1999 | 9847343 |
| altered growth characteristics of recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses which do not produce ns2 protein. | the second gene in the 3'-to-5' gene order in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes the nonstructural protein ns2, for which there is no assigned function. to study the function of ns2, we have used a recently developed reverse genetics system to ablate expression of ns2 in recombinant rsv. a full-length cdna copy of the antigenome of rsv a2 strain under the control of a t7 promoter was modified by introduction of tandem termination codons within the ns2 open reading frame (ns2stop) or by de ... | 1999 | 9847352 |
| contribution of advances in immunology to vaccine development. | during the last 10 years, investigation of the bovine immune system has generated knowledge and reagents that can now be applied to study the mechanisms of immunity to disease and the identity of antigens recognized by protective immune responses. such studies can indicate which antigens are likely to be effective in subunit vaccines and also highlight the type of antigen delivery system that will be required for a vaccine to induce a protective immune response. in the case of bovine rsv, studie ... | 1999 | 9890017 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection prolongs methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced disease is associated with childhood asthma and atopy. we combined models of allergen sensitization and rsv infection to begin exploring the immunologic interactions between allergic and virus-induced airway inflammation and its impact on airway hypersensitivity. airway resistance was measured after methacholine challenge in tracheally intubated mice by whole body plethysmography. lung inflammation was assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and ... | 1999 | 9892406 |
| use of permissive hypercapnia in the ventilation of infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | we wished to retrospectively evaluate the effects of permissive hypercapnia (phy) on barotrauma, mortality and length of stay when applied to ventilated infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. nineteen control infants with rsv induced respiratory failure were treated with conventional ventilation (april 1991-january 1994), after which time phy was adopted as unit policy. a further 28 infants were then treated with phy (january 1994 april 1996). demographic and physiological ... | 1999 | 9950307 |
| giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and viral hypotheses: a multicenter, prospective case-control study. groupe de recherche sur l'artérite à cellules géantes. | although suspected, a viral etiology has never been proven in giant cell arteritis (gca). we tested for viruses known to induce multinucleated giant cells in human pathology, which include the parainfluenza viruses (hpiv), respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, herpesviruses type 1 and 2, and the epstein-barr virus. | 1999 | 9972970 |
| immunological properties of plaque purified strains of live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) for human vaccine. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children, and the elderly. efforts to develop satisfactory live or inactivated vaccines have not yet been proven successful. our research focuses on the development of four purified live attenuated rsv sub-type a human vaccine clones. temperature sensitive (ts) and attenuated purified clones of either cold-adapted (ca) rsv or high-passage (hp) rsv were administered intra-nasally (i.n.) to balb/c mic ... | 1999 | 9987152 |
| sensitivity comparison for detection of respiratory bovine coronaviruses in nasal samples from feedlot cattle by elisa and isolation with the g clone of hrt-18 cells. | a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect respiratory bovine coronavirus (rbcv) antigens in nasal swabs collected from cattle showing signs of respiratory tract disease following shipping. these samples had been previously tested for rbcv by inoculation of g clone cultures of human rectal tumor cells (hrt-18g) and for bovine herpes virus 1, parainfluenza virus 3, bovine adenovirus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine viral di ... | 1999 | 9925206 |
| comments on palivizumab (synagis) | 1999 | 9925848 | |
| new vaccines. | 1999 | 9926728 | |
| inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by generic hand dishwashing detergents and antibacterial hand soaps. | in an in-vitro test, generic liquid hand dishwashing detergents were as much as 100-fold more effective than proprietary antibacterial soaps in inactivating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the use of such detergents for hand washing during annual rsv epidemics, or the incorporation of their antiviral components into antibacterial soaps might be considered to limit nosocomial spread. | 1999 | 9927268 |
| recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) glycoproteins: rsv fusion protein can mediate infection and cell fusion. | the genes encoding the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) and fusion (f) envelope glycoproteins were expressed separately as additional genes in recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (vsv). cells infected with the vsv-rsv f recombinant formed large syncytia illustrating the fusion activity of f in absence of other rsv proteins. both f and g glycoproteins were expressed at the cell surface and incorporated into virions. incorporation of these proteins did not require cytoplasmic ... | 1999 | 9927576 |
| evolutionary pattern of the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial viruses from antigenic group b: the use of alternative termination codons and lineage diversification. | partial sequences of the g protein gene of 33 isolates from antigenic group b of human respiratory syncytial virus were determined. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the evolutionary pattern of group b viruses is similar to that previously described for isolates of antigenic group a, including worldwide distribution of related viruses and co-circulation of viruses from different lineages during the same epidemic. dominance of ag+ga over uc+cu transitions was observed when g sequences of group ... | 1999 | 9934694 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1997-98 season. | 1999 | 9917105 | |
| synergistic effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on selected bovine alveolar macrophage functions. | the effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpbvdv) infection on selected bovine alveolar macrophage (am) functions was investigated. alveolar macrophages were harvested from 2- to 6-month-old calves seronegative for brsv and bvdv and inoculated with approximately 1 median cell culture infective dose of virus per am. control, brsv infected, ncpbvdv-infected and brsv-ncpbvdv coinfected am cultures were evaluated for fc receptor expressi ... | 1999 | 9918333 |
| prevalence of various respiratory viruses in the middle ear during acute otitis media. | vaccines against respiratory viruses may be able to reduce the frequency of acute otitis media. although the role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media is well established, the relative importance of various viruses is unknown. | 1999 | 9920949 |
| respiratory viruses in acute otitis media. | 1999 | 9920959 | |
| palivizumab (synagis) for prevention of rsv infection. | 1999 | 9924488 | |
| host responses to respiratory virus infection and immunization. | 1999 | 9893361 | |
| fimbria-mediated enhanced attachment of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae to respiratory syncytial virus-infected respiratory epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is known to predispose children to otitis media and sinusitis due to bacteria such as nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). in this study, we investigated the role of nthi surface outer membrane protein p5-homologous fimbriae (p5-fimbriae) in attachment to rsv-exposed a549 epithelial cells. analysis by fluorescence flow cytometry showed that a live p5-fimbriated nthi strain (nthif+) attached to a higher proportion of rsv-exposed a549 cells than to ... | 1999 | 9864214 |
| 2-5a-antisense chimeras: inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | a new approach to the chemical control of respiratory syncytial virus infection is reviewed in the context of the biology of the virus and previous treatment approaches. conjugation of the interferon action mediator, 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5a), to antisense agents provides a strategy for the selective ablation of rna. this application of this technology to respiratory syncytial virus has provided a potent selective inhibitor of virus replication. | 1999 | 11713795 |
| [mite-induced interleukin-5 and interleukin-4 expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatic children with respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | to investigate the effects of respiratory syncytial virus(rsv) infection on mite-induced interleukin-5 and interleukin-4 expressions in cultures of pbmc from asthmatic children and their correlation with asthmatic symptoms. | 1999 | 11775916 |
| the associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves. | blood samples from 32 groups of calves (n = 700) were taken on arrival and after 28-35 days at the feedlot. eleven groups were housed in feedlots in ontario, and 21 groups in feedlots in alberta. serum antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), mycoplasma dispar and m. bovis, plus data on bovine corona virus (bcv) from a previous study were investigated for t ... | 1999 | 12001336 |
| synagis: an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody. | palivizumab is a new anti-rsv monoclonal antibody product indicated for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by rsv in pediatric patients at high risk of developing rsv disease ("synagis," 1998). palivizumab was evaluated in a single, large clinical trial (impact) (connor et al., 1998). in this trial, rsv hospital admissions were reduced by 55% in children 24 months of age with bpd or in infants born prematurely (35 weeks gestation). additionally, the severity of illn ... | 1999 | 12024401 |
| [cloning and sequencing of cdna from g protein gene of subgroup b respiratory syncytial virus strain isolated in china]. | the nucleotide sequence of the g protein gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cc169 strain isolated from china that has been identified as subgroup b with monoclonal antibodies, was determined from cdna that had been amplified by rt-pcr and cloned into ptz18r plasmid vector. the homology of nucleotide was 94% as compared with g protein cdna of a rsv prototype strain (ch18537). deduced amino acid identity of g protein was 89.4%. the amino acid changes were only in the extracellular part of t ... | 1999 | 12555397 |
| asthma in inner cities. | while the management of asthma has improved over the past two decades, the incidence of asthma in the inner city has not. the inner city, comprising a disproportionate number of people who live close to or below the poverty line, shows increased rates of morbidity and mortality from asthma. african americans and hispanic americans are two to six times more likely to die from asthma than their white counterparts. when federally funded programs have targeted reducing morbidity and mortality in chi ... | 1999 | 12653387 |
| [the detection of virus antigen in the lower respiratory tract of the patients with lung cancer]. | to find out about the viral infection situation of lower respiratory tract of the patients with lung cancer. | 1999 | 12759981 |
| [molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants]. | to search for the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants. | 1999 | 12759984 |
| diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia in danish cattle: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in naturally and experimentally infected cattle. | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was developed for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in lung tissue of naturally and experimentally infected cattle. primers were selected from the gene coding the f fusion protein, which is relatively conserved among brsv isolates. the rt-pcr assay was highly specific, it yielded positive reactions only when performed on brsv-infected cell cultures or tissues. the detection limit of the rt-pcr assay was assesse ... | 1999 | 12968754 |
| [viral infections in hospitalized children affected by acute lower respiratory tract disease] | objective: to evaluate the frequency of the main respiratory viruses in hospitalized children affected by acute lower respiratory tract disease at a university hospital. methods: this is a prospective trial that included two cohorts of hospitalized children in the period from april to july 1996. the groups were selected according to the presence of lower respiratory tract disease on admission: group a- with acute disease (history of less than 7 days) and b- without present or recent respiratory ... | 1999 | 14685511 |
| neutralization of hiv-1 infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) : antibody dilution method. | antibodies elicited by passive or active immunization protect against numerous virus diseases. this in vivo protective immunity is often associated with in vitro detection of neutralizing antibodies (nab) (e.g., polio, measles, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, yellow fever, dengue, rabies, varicella, hepatitis a, hepatitis b) (1-7). since human protection from hiv-1-associated disease has not yet been achieved, the role of nab in protective immunity is not defined. nonetheless, based on e ... | 1999 | 21380682 |
| a microcarrier-based cell culture process for the production of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. | veterinary viral vaccines generally comprise either attenuated or chemically inactivated viruses which have been propagated on mammalian cell substrates or specific pathogen free (spf) eggs. new generation vaccines include chemically inactivated virally-infected whole cell vaccines. the nm57 cell line is a bovine nasal turbinate persistently infected (non-lytic infection) with a strain of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the potential of microcarrier technology for the cultivation in biore ... | 1999 | 22359062 |
| palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous for the prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants. | 1999 | 20212962 | |
| analysis of antibiotic use and misuse in children hospitalized with rsv infection. | to determine the extent of, rationale for and acquisition cost of antibiotic use in a cohort of children with lower respiratory tract infection (lri) secondary to the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 1999 | 20212965 |
| response to modified live and killed multivalent viral vaccine in regularly vaccinated, fresh dairy cows. | vaccination programs for viral pathogens in the dairy industry span the full spectrum of possibilities even though few of these have been evaluated in field situations. one such program is the vaccination of fresh cows 30 to 60 days postpartum with modified live viral (mlv) vaccines. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibody response to booster vaccinations during this period. the impact of vaccinations on milk production and reproductive performance was also examined. the response ... | 2000 | 19757565 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: an emerging or unappreciated infection? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a ubiquitous cause of respiratory infection with a worldwide distribution and seasonal occurrence. natural immunity does not normally follow infection, and reinfection is the rule. reinfection may even occur within a single season. although its role in serious lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infants is well recognized, the importance of rsv in disease of older children, adults and, especially in the elderly, is poorly appreciated. in large surveil ... | 2000 | 16088741 |
| myocardial injury in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with a number of extrapulmonary manifestations, including a sepsis-like syndrome characterized by any combination of hypothermia, fever, apnea, hypovolemia, and myocardial dysfunction. we hypothesized that rsv can have a direct injurious effect on the myocardium of infants and children that can be detected by the presence of cardiac troponin i (ctni), a highly sensitive and specific marker of myocardial injury, in the blood of patients in ... | 2000 | 12813266 |
| rsv infections: developments in the search for new drugs. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, and is also a significant threat to other populations including the immunosuppressed, the elderly and those with chronic chest or cardiac disease. to expand the scope of available antiviral drugs, presently limited to ribavirin, a variety of different structural formats have been explored in the past half-dozen years. interesting leads for future discovery and lead development ... | 2000 | 12937627 |
| surveillance for respiratory illness in long-term care settings: detection of illness using a prospective research technique. | the overall frequency and severity of viral respiratory infections affecting residents of long-term care facilities (ltcfs) is not well described. this is due primarily to the cumbersome and expensive techniques required for adequate surveillance of respiratory illnesses and the associated costs and availability of a laboratory capable of the relevant and timely report of diagnostic tests. here we describe our technique for surveillance of respiratory illness in the ltcf. elements of it may serv ... | 2000 | 12818025 |