Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| ribavirin treatment up-regulates antiviral gene expression via the interferon-stimulated response element in respiratory syncytial virus-infected epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a mucosa-restricted virus that is a leading cause of epidemic respiratory tract infections in children. rsv replication is a potent activator of the epithelial-cell genomic response, influencing the expression of a spectrum of cellular pathways, including proinflammatory chemokines of the cc, cxc, and cx(3)c subclasses. ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is a nontoxic antiviral agent currently licensed for the treatment of severe ... | 2003 | 12719586 |
| adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of enhanced herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase mutants improves prodrug-mediated tumor cell killing. | the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv) thymidine kinase (tk) suicide gene together with ganciclovir (gcv) have been successfully used for the in vivo treatment of various solid tumors and for the ablation of unwanted transfused stem cells in recent clinical trials. with the aim of improving this therapeutic system, we compared the potential efficacy of adenoviral (ad) vectors expressing enhanced tk mutants in vitro and in vivo. the previously created hsv-tk mutants dm30 and sr39, created by random seq ... | 2003 | 12719705 |
| the complex relationship between respiratory syncytial virus and allergy in lung disease. | epidemiologic studies suggest a strong link between severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis in infancy and allergic disease; however, the mechanisms determining this relationship are currently unknown. in this review article, we summarize data from human clinical studies that explore the association between rsv infection and allergy, some that suggest that rsv bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization leads to an increased incidence of the allergic phenotype and others that ... | 2003 | 12725686 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in healthy adults: the cost of a cold. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is well recognized as a major pathogen of lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization in young infants. more recently the pathogenicity of rsv has been demonstrated in elderly adults, institutionalized individuals, and those with compromised immune function. in these populations rsv spreads with ease and frequently results in severe or fatal cardiopulmonary complications. in younger, healthy adults, however, the manifestations and importance of rsv inf ... | 2003 | 12727524 |
| rsv molecular characterization and specific antibody response in young children with acute lower respiratory infection. | the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) were studied in 254 hospitalized argentinean children with acute lower respiratory infection tract (alri). the specific humoral immune response and partial sequences of the g protein gene were studied in a subset of 22 children with rsv confirmed infection. the rsv igm detection and the rsv igg titration were made by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) in pairs of sera. the partial rsv g gene sequences were obtained b ... | 2003 | 12727528 |
| dexamethasone for treatment of patients mechanically ventilated for lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | a study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone in patients mechanically ventilated for lower respiratory infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-lrti). | 2003 | 12728156 |
| optimized detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions. | nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) from 121 (110 pediatric) patients with acute respiratory infections were examined for respiratory virus detection by: i) conventional virus isolation in cell cultures (cc) using hep-2, llc-mk2, and mdck cells; ii) rapid virus isolation using shell vial cultures (svc) of a mixture (mix) of mink lung epithelial cells (mv1lu) and human lung carcinoma (a549) cells in comparison to llc-mk2 and mdck cells; iii) direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) assay on nps cells. a poo ... | 2003 | 12737194 |
| differential expression of ifn-alpha subtypes in human pbmc: evaluation of novel real-time pcr assays. | studies of the human ifn-alpha subtype system have been hampered by the lack of efficient procedures to quantify and differentiate the expression of the highly homologous ifn-alpha subtypes. here we evaluate four novel real-time pcr assays for the specific detection and quantification of ifn-alpha mrna for the subtypes alpha(2), alpha(6), alpha(8) and alpha(1/13) in a combined assay in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). this included (a) the selection of beta-glucuronidase (gus) as ... | 2003 | 12738374 |
| profilin is required for viral morphogenesis, syncytium formation, and cell-specific stress fiber induction by respiratory syncytial virus. | actin is required for the gene expression and morphogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a clinically important pneumovirus of the paramyxoviridae family. in hep-2 cells, rsv infection also induces actin stress fibers, which may be important in the immunopathology of the rsv disease. profilin, a major regulator of actin polymerization, stimulates viral transcription in vitro. thus, we tested the role of profilin in rsv growth and rsv-actin interactions in cultured cells (ex vivo). | 2003 | 12740026 |
| activation of vascular endothelial cells by il-1alpha released by epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | although pulmonary inflammation is a serious, sometimes life-threatening, consequence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. since the process of inflammation is initiated by a complex series of events including the activation of specific adhesion molecules on vascular endothelium, we searched for endothelial cell-activating factors released from rsv-infected epithelial cells. we demonstrate here that vascular endothelial cells exposed to ... | 2003 | 12742380 |
| the compound datem inhibits respiratory syncytial virus fusion activity with epithelial cells. | the effect of diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides (datem) on fusion of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with hep-2 cells was studied using the r18 fluorescence dequenching fusion assay. at datem concentrations less than 2.0 microg/ml, the inhibition of fusion increased with the concentration of datem. at 2 microg/ml of datem, the fusion was suppressed by 80-90%. studies examining possible mechanism of fusion-inhibition indicated that datem was likely adsorbed onto lipid membra ... | 2003 | 12742571 |
| molecular and genetic determinants of rous sarcoma virus integrase for concerted dna integration. | site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant rous sarcoma virus (rsv) integrase (in) allowed us to gain insights into the protein-protein and protein-dna interactions involved in reconstituted in-viral dna complexes capable of efficient concerted dna integration (termed full-site). at 4 nm in, wild-type (wt) rsv in incorporates approximately 30% of the input donor into full-site integration products after 10 min of incubation at 37 degrees c, which is equivalent to isolated retrovirus preintegration ... | 2003 | 12743305 |
| the g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus depresses respiratory rates through the cx3c motif and substance p. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the neonate can alter respiratory rates, i.e., lead to episodes of apnea. we show that rsv g glycoprotein reduces respiratory rates associated with the induction of substance p (sp) and g glycoprotein-cx3cr1 interaction, an effect that is inhibited by treatment with anti-g glycoprotein, anti-sp, or anti-cx3cr1 monoclonal antibodies. these data suggest new approaches for treating some aspects of rsv disease. | 2003 | 12743318 |
| effects of interleukin-18 on asthmatic airway inflammation and nuclear factor kappa-b in murine models. | to investigate the effects of interleukin-18 (il-18) on asthmatic airway inflammation and nuclear factor kappa-b (nf-kappab) in a murine asthmatic model. | 2003 | 12781029 |
| specific in vitro cleavage of mason-pfizer monkey virus capsid protein: evidence for a potential role of retroviral protease in early stages of infection. | processing of gag polyproteins by viral protease (pr) leads to reorganization of immature retroviral particles and formation of a ribonucleoprotein core. in some retroviruses, such as hiv and rsv, cleavage of a spacer peptide separating capsid and nucleocapsid proteins is essential for the core formation. we show here that no similar spacer peptide is present in the capsid-nucleocapsid (ca-nc) region of mason-pfizer monkey virus (m-pmv) and that the ca protein is cleaved in vitro by the pr withi ... | 2003 | 12781718 |
| synthesis, refolding and protective immune responses of a potential antigen for human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. | the design of new antigens with both high immunogenic and safety properties is of particular interest to vaccine against infectious diseases. in the present study, we describe the synthesis and the refolding of peptide g20 derived from the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) g-protein. g20 (mef g140-190 g144-158) is a peptide of 69 amino acids with two disulfide bridges, which comprises multiple protective b-cell epitopes. it was deleted of the t helper cell epitope 184-198 of the rsv g-pro ... | 2003 | 12787448 |
| role of respiratory viruses in children with acute otitis media. | the role of viral infection in acute otitis media (aom) has not been fully elucidated. we determined the presence of various respiratory viruses in middle ear fluid (mef) specimens from children with aom in order to determine whether viral infection or combined effects of viral and bacterial infection enhance or prolong the inflammation in the middle ear, thus worsening clinical outcome. | 2003 | 12791457 |
| genetic variability among group a and b respiratory syncytial virus isolates from a large referral hospital in new delhi, india. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important childhood pathogen of acute lower respiratory infections in developed and developing countries. the molecular epidemiology of rsv in india is largely unknown. the present study was undertaken to standardize and evaluate reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for the rapid and simultaneous detection of rsv groups a and b in clinical samples and to study intragroup genetic variability. rt-pcr was evaluated by comparing the results of seminested rt-pcr ... | 2003 | 12791842 |
| increased susceptibility to rsv infection by exposure to inhaled diesel engine emissions. | although epidemiologic data strongly suggest a role for inhaled environmental pollutants in modulating the susceptibility to respiratory infection in humans, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been well studied in experimental systems. the current study assessed the impact of inhaled diesel engine emissions (dee) on the host response in vivo to a common pediatric respiratory pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). using a relatively resistant mouse model of rsv infect ... | 2003 | 12654634 |
| ultrafine carbon black particles enhance respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway reactivity, pulmonary inflammation, and chemokine expression. | exposure to particulate matter (pm) may exacerbate preexisting respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), bronchitis, and pneumonia. however, few experimental studies have addressed the effects of pm on lower respiratory tract (lrt) viral infection. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major etiological agent for lrt infections in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised and may lead to chronic wheezing and the development of asthma in children. i ... | 2003 | 12655033 |
| effect of preexposure to ultrafine carbon black on respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. | epidemiological studies have indicated that exposure to elevated levels of particulate matter exacerbates several pulmonary diseases, including asthma, bronchitis, and viral infections. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and may lead to the development of asthma in childhood. to determine whether particle exposure modulates the immune response to rsv, eight-week-old female balb/c mice received an intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of eit ... | 2003 | 12660365 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein subunit f2, not attachment protein g, determines the specificity of rsv infection. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine rsv (brsv) infect human beings and cattle in a species-specific manner. we have here analyzed the contribution of rsv envelope proteins to species-specific entry into cells. in contrast to permanent cell lines, primary cells of human or bovine origin, including differentiated respiratory epithelia, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and macrophages, showed a pronounced species-specific permissiveness for hrsv and brsv infection, respectively. recomb ... | 2003 | 12663767 |
| interaction between respiratory syncytial virus and particulate matter in guinea pig alveolar macrophages. | alveolar macrophages (am) play a pivotal role in host lung defense mechanisms. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) stimulates secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in am while it suppresses the cell's phagocytic ability. however, exposure of am to ambient particulate matter (pm10) has been reported to inhibit rsv uptake. the mechanisms involved in the interaction between rsv and pm10 in am are not known. we hypothesize that the cellular response of am to rsv and pm10 is dependent on the sequence ... | 2003 | 12760967 |
| virology of infantile chronic recurrent parotitis in santiago de chile. | infantile chronic recurrent parotitis (icrp) has been attributed to multiple causes, including viral infections, and therefore its treatment remains empirical. our aim was to evaluate the involvement of respiratory and oropharyngeal viruses in acute episodes of icrp. seventy children were studied, 50 patients and 20 age-matched controls, in a 2-year follow-up study. saliva samples were taken from the parotid duct and analyzed by viral isolation and immunofluorescence for adenovirus (ad), respira ... | 2003 | 12767011 |
| detection of human respiratory syncytial virus sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) obtained from patients with lower respiratory infections were examined for the detection of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) sequences in the n region using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). rsv infection was confirmed by at least one method, i.e., virus isolation, enzyme immunoassay for viral antigen, and rt-pcr of nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) samples. the detection rate for rsv rna in pbmc obtained from rsv-infecte ... | 2003 | 12767015 |
| broad spectrum anti-rna virus activities of titanium and vanadium substituted polyoxotungstates. | seven polyoxotungstates substituted with vanadium or titanium atoms were examined for their activity against flaviviridae (dengue fever virus, dfv), orthomyxoviridae (influenza virus type a, fluv-a), paramyxoviridae (respiratory syncytial virus, rsv, parainfluenza virus type 2, pfluv-2 and canine distemper virus, cdv) and lentiviridae (human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1) families. among the seven polyoxotungstates examined, pm-43 [k(5)[sivw(11)o(40)]], pm-47 [k(7)[bvw(11)o(40)]], and pm- ... | 2003 | 12767474 |
| complementary approaches to understanding the role of proteases and their natural inhibitors in neoplastic development: retrospect and prospect. | a great deal of evidence has accumulated in recent years for an important but complex role for proteases in tumor development. however, attempts to treat cancer in humans with anti-proteases have been disappointing, and it has been suggested that more basic groundwork is needed before anti-proteases can be effectively applied. considerable basic information comes from the recognition that earlier results on transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) by the bryan strain of rous sarcoma vi ... | 2003 | 12771023 |
| type 1 and type 2 cytokine imbalance in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | we examined the in vivo immune response of infants to natural respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection through analysis of cytokine levels in nasal lavage fluid and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. eighty-eight babies with at least one parent with atopy and asthma were prospectively studied through their first winter. twenty-eight infants had an upper respiratory tract infection where rsv was detected, of whom nine developed signs of acute bronchiolitis. nasal lavage specimens w ... | 2003 | 12773328 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced ccl5/rantes contributes to exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has a significant impact on airway function and may induce or exacerbate the response to a subsequent allergic challenge. in a murine model combining early rsv infection with later cockroach allergen (cra) challenge, we examined the role of rsv-induced ccl5/rantes production on allergic airway responses. rsv infection increased ccl5 mrna and protein levels, peaking at days 8 and 12, respectively. administration of ccl5 antiserum during days 0-14 ... | 2003 | 12778486 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection suppresses ifn-gamma production of gammadelta t cells. | the immunological mechanisms by which respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) contributes to the development of asthma are poorly understood. gammadelta t cells are important in mucosal defence, and may contribute to the establishment of primary immune responses by producing cytokines early during respiratory infections. thus, we used flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining to investigate the expression of interferon (ifn)-gamma and interleukin (il)-4 by mitogen-stimulated gammadelta t cell ... | 2003 | 12562394 |
| regional delivery and selective expression of a high-activity yeast cytosine deaminase in an intrahepatic colon cancer model. | a major potential limitation to the success of enzyme prodrug gene therapy is the toxicity that could result from gene expression in normal tissues. in this study, we investigated the use of an enhanced human carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) promoter for yeast cytosine deaminase (ycd), which converts 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil, to increase targeting while maintaining activity both in cell culture and in nude rats bearing intrahepatic xenografts. we found that an enhanced cea-ycd adenoviral ... | 2003 | 12566311 |
| il-13 is sufficient for respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein-induced eosinophilia after respiratory syncytial virus challenge. | although well studied in settings of helminth infection and allergen sensitization, the combined contributions of il-4 and il-13 and their signaling pathways in models of viral pathogenesis have not been reported. using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, we evaluated the contribution of il-13, alone and in conjunction with il-4, during immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing rsv g glycoprotein (vvgs) or with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv). we showed ... | 2003 | 12574374 |
| clinical patterns and natural history of asthma. | childhood asthma typically begins in infancy with a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. although the majority of infants become infected with rsv, lower respiratory illness develops in only about 20%. about 25% to 50% of those subsequently experience recurrent acute asthma from viral respiratory infections (vri). children younger than 5 years have a high frequency of vri and have the highest frequency of hospitalization for asthma of any age group. in a 35-year study of the natural hist ... | 2003 | 12584515 |
| kinetics of v-src-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in developing glandular stomach. | the oncogene function in primary epithelial cells is largely unclear. recombination organ cultures in combination with the stable and transient gene transfer techniques by retrovirus and electroporation, respectively, enable us to transfer oncogenes specifically into primary epithelial cells of the developing avian glandular stomach (proventriculus). in this system, the epithelium and mesenchyme are mutually dependent on each other for their growth and differentiation. we report here that either ... | 2003 | 12584568 |
| incidence and clinical features of hospitalization because of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory illness among children less than two years of age in a rural asian setting. | lower respiratory illness is the leading cause of child death in the developing world. despite this few reports on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory illness disease burden exist from rural areas of the developing world, and none exist for indonesia. | 2003 | 12586979 |
| cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate illness severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | illness severity and frequency of complications in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may be influenced by the local elaboration of cytokines. cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate severity of illness in various inflammatory and infectious diseases. we performed cytokine genotyping on 77 infants hospitalized with confirmed rsv infection to determine whether specific cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with illness severity or complications. dna was extracted from bucc ... | 2003 | 12590978 |
| antibody response after rsv infection in children younger than 1 year of age living in a rural area of mozambique. | serological responses have been studied in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infected children < 1 year of age attending the outpatient department of the manhiça district hospital (mozambique). molecular characterization of viral rna in nasopharyngeal aspirates from the infected children indicated a high level of genetic uniformity among the infecting viruses, all of which belonged to a single genotype of rsv group a. a representative virus strain, moz00, was isolated from one of the infants and ... | 2003 | 12601767 |
| evaluation of the safety of palivizumab in the second season of exposure in young children at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | palivizumab reduces respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalisations in high-risk infants. those with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia may require two seasons of prophylaxis. there is concern that this humanised antibody might cause an adverse immune response in a second season of use. | 2003 | 12608889 |
| mrna instability in the nucleus due to a novel open reading frame element is a major determinant of the narrow tissue specificity of folate receptor alpha. | the folate receptor type alpha (fr-alpha) is a promising tumor marker and target. here, we investigate the mechanistic basis for the tumor specificity and vast overexpression of fr-alpha. among representative fr-alpha-positive (hela and jar) and fr-alpha-negative (mg63, caki1, and ht3) cell lines, the transcription rates of the endogenous fr-alpha gene, as well as the fr-alpha promoter activity, were relatively weak and comparable, but the fr-alpha transcript was abundant only in total rna and n ... | 2003 | 12612090 |
| current strategies in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | infants infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) develop both upper and lower respiratory tract infections resulting in laryngotracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. premature infants of less than 32 weeks' gestation and those with underlying chronic lung disease are particularly susceptible and incur significant morbidity and mortality following hospitalisation. conservative rsv prevention strategies focus on the interruption of transmission by proper hand-washing techniques and ... | 2003 | 12615029 |
| nasal delivery of chitosan-dna plasmid expressing epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces protective ctl responses in balb/c mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an important pathogen of the lower respiratory tract, is responsible for severe illness both in new born and young children and in elderly people. due to complications associated with the use of the early developed vaccines, there is still a need for an effective vaccine against rsv. most pathogens enter the body via mucosal surfaces and therefore vaccine delivery via routes such as the nasal, may well prove to be superior in inducing protective immune response ... | 2003 | 12615444 |
| cxcr2 regulates respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway hyperreactivity and mucus overproduction. | severe inflammation and mucus overproduction are partially responsible for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced disease in infants. using a murine model, we characterized the virally induced chemokine receptors responsible for mediating the pathophysiological response to rsv infection, we found that cxcr2 mrna was induced at 4 days after rsv infection. immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that cxcr2 protein was expressed on alveolar macrophages. immunoneutralization of cxcr2 resulted i ... | 2003 | 12626595 |
| role of plasma membrane lipid microdomains in respiratory syncytial virus filament formation. | the fusion protein (f) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the envelope glycoprotein responsible for the characteristic cytopathology of syncytium formation. rsv has been shown to bud from selective areas of the plasma membrane as pleomorphic virions, including both filamentous and round particles. with immunofluorescent microscopy, we demonstrated evidence of rsv filaments incorporating the fusion protein f and colocalizing with a lipid microdomain-specific fluorescent dye, 1,1-dihexadecyl- ... | 2003 | 12525608 |
| role of viruses and atypical bacteria in exacerbations of asthma in hospitalized children: a prospective study in the nord-pas de calais region (france). | we studied the role of viruses and atypical bacteria in children hospitalized with exacerbated asthma by a prospective study of children with acute asthma admitted to the department of pediatrics in lille, and to 15 hospitals in the nord-pas de calais region, from october 1, 1998-june 30, 1999. we included children aged 2-16 years with active asthma, defined as three or more recurrent episodes of reversible wheezing. the severity of asthma and of asthmatic exacerbations was recorded. immunofluor ... | 2003 | 12526066 |
| cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate responses to respiratory syncytial virus in adults. | immune responses and illness severity during viral upper respiratory infections may be influenced by the local elaboration of cytokines. cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate immune responses and severity of illness in various inflammatory and infectious diseases. we performed cytokine genotyping on 29 adults experimentally inoculated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to determine whether specific cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with immune responses or illness severity. dna was e ... | 2003 | 12507818 |
| association of severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis with interleukin-4 and interleukin-4 receptor alpha polymorphisms. | the association of variants of genes encoding interleukin (il)-4 and the il-4 receptor alpha chain (il-4ralpha) with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis was examined in hospitalized infants. polymorphisms in il-4 (c-590t) and il-4ralpha (i50v and q551r) were genotyped by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. control subjects included parents of the hospitalized children (for the transmission/disequilibrium test), and a random population sample (for the case-control study ... | 2003 | 12508140 |
| respiratory viruses in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalisation: a case-control study. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-copd) are a common cause of hospital admission. many exacerbations are believed to be due to upper and/or lower respiratory tract viral infections, but the incidence of these infections in patients with copd is still undetermined. | 2003 | 12511718 |
| mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the united states. | influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cause substantial morbidity and mortality. statistical methods used to estimate deaths in the united states attributable to influenza have not accounted for rsv circulation. | 2003 | 12517228 |
| simultaneous detection, subgrouping, and quantitation of respiratory syncytial virus a and b by real-time pcr. | timely diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is critical for appropriate treatment of lower respiratory infection in young children. to facilitate diagnosis, we developed a rapid, specific, and sensitive taqman pcr method for detection of rsv a and rsv b. two sets of primer-probe pairs were selected from the nucleotide sequences encoding the nucleocapsid protein--one targeting rsv a and the other targeting rsv b. the specificity of the taqman reverse transcription-pcr assay wa ... | 2003 | 12517840 |
| [sequence analysis of rna3 of rice stripe virus isolates found in china: evidence for reassortment in tenuivirus]. | the rna3 segments of four isolates of rice stripe virus (rsv), isolated from endemic sites at panjin (pj), liaoning province, kunming (km) and yiliang (yl), yunnan province, as well as from outbreak sites at hongze (hz), jiangsu province, were determined. rna3 of these four isolates were 2480 bp, 2509 bp, 2489 bp and 2497 bp in length, respectively. compared with rna3 of t and m isolates from japan and y isolate from yunnan province of china, that had been previously reported, these seven isolat ... | 2003 | 12518236 |
| interferon-gamma levels in nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, one of the most common causes of hospitalization of children in developed countries, has been implicated as a cause of asthma. we aimed to characterize the cytokine profile in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) taken from infants during upper respiratory tract infection to investigate whether rsv induced a unique immune response as compared with other viruses. additionally, we sought to determine whether this profile was influenced by the infants' atopic ... | 2003 | 12519398 |
| identification of immunodominant epitopes derived from the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein that are recognized by human cd4 t cells. | memory cd4 t-cell responses against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy blood donors with gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot) assays. rsv-specific responses were detected in every donor at levels varying between 0.05 and 0.3% of cd4 t cells. for all donors tested, a considerable component of the cd4 t-cell response was directed against the fusion (f) protein of rsv. we characterized a set of 31 immunodominant antigenic ... | 2003 | 12502814 |
| altered pathogenesis of severe pneumovirus infection in response to combined antiviral and specific immunomodulatory agents. | we report here the responses of mice with symptomatic pneumovirus infection to combined antiviral and specific immunomodulatory agents. mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice, a natural mouse pathogen that replicates the signs and symptoms of severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), responded to the antiviral agent ribavirin when it was administered in the setting of endogenous (gene deletion) or exogenous (antibody-mediated) blockade of the mip-1alpha proinflammatory signali ... | 2003 | 12502841 |
| cytokine expression in respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice as measured by quantitative reverse-transcriptase pcr. | in the murine model for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, cytokine patterns induced by vaccinations with either killed (i.e. formalin-inactivated, alum-precipitated) virus (kv) or live virus (lv) have been shown to influence disease expression. to determine the mrna expression of the cytokines il-4 and ifn-gamma in balb/c mice challenged with rsv, a real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase pcr assay was developed. this assay uses 5'-exonuclease fluorogenic probes and is performed ... | 2003 | 12505627 |
| replication of respiratory syncytial virus is inhibited in target cells generating nitric oxide in situ. | nitric oxide (no) is generated by recruited inflammatory cells and by pulmonary epithelial cells in response to respiratory virus infection, although the relative antiviral efficacy of no from each of these sources had not been clarified. to compare the direct, antiviral potency of no from an exogenous source with that generated by target epithelial cells in situ, we transduced hep-2 epithelial cells with the retroviral construct, pmfgs-nos and cloned transductant lines that generated no constit ... | 2003 | 12456366 |
| specificity of plasma membrane targeting by the rous sarcoma virus gag protein. | budding of c-type retroviruses begins when the viral gag polyprotein is directed to the plasma membrane by an n-terminal membrane-binding (m) domain. while dispersed basic amino acids within the m domain are critical for stable membrane association and consequent particle assembly, additional residues or motifs may be required for specific plasma membrane targeting and binding. we have identified an assembly-defective rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag mutant that retains significant membrane affinity ... | 2003 | 12477852 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: is it coming? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is recognized as an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. vaccine development has been challenging in young infants and has required the advent of molecular technologies to optimize the safety profile, while maintaining immunogenicity of live-attenuated vaccines. protein-based vaccines have been evaluated in clinical trials and are promising candidates for rsv-primed populations or for maternal vaccination to provide early life protection. this r ... | 2003 | 20019850 |
| prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus in canada in 2003. | passive immunization of high-risk children with the humanized monoclonal antibody palivizumab is the mainstay of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis in canada in 2003. this product appears to be safe, and it prevents the majority of rsv hospitalizations in infants born before 36 weeks gestational age, and about half in children under 24 months of age with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. however, the high cost of palivizumab and the fact that at least 12 infants ne ... | 2003 | 20019851 |
| [sequence aanlysis of intergenic region of rice stripe virus rna4: evidence for mixed infection and genomic variation]. | the intergenic region (ir) of the rna4 of 22 isolates of rice stripe virus (rsv) in china was cloned and sequenced. the ir sequences were compared with one another and with that from japan. sequence comparisons showed that these isolates could be divided into three different types, with the ir length of 634 bp, 654 bp and 732 bp, respectively. it is interesting to note three different types all occurred in yunnan rsv natural population, whereas other province only existed 654 bp type length isol ... | 2003 | 16281554 |
| bronchiolitis: can objective criteria predict eligibility for brief hospitalization? | to determine if 3 objective criteria - pulse oximetry, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) testing, and age - could be used to predict which children hospitalized with bronchiolitis will have brief (<36 hour) hospitalizations and therefore be potential candidates for admission to short-stay observation units. | 2003 | 17472765 |
| signaling through the prostaglandin i2 receptor ip protects against respiratory syncytial virus-induced illness. | the role of prostanoids in modulating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is unknown. we found that rsv infection in mice increases production of prostaglandin i(2) (pgi(2)). mice that overexpress pgi(2) synthase selectively in bronchial epithelium are protected against rsv-induced weight loss and have decreased peak viral replication and gamma interferon levels in the lung compared to nontransgenic littermates. in contrast, mice deficient in the pgi(2) receptor ip have exacerbated rsv-i ... | 2004 | 15367596 |
| lysines close to the rous sarcoma virus late domain critical for budding. | the release of retroviruses from the plasma membrane requires host factors that are believed to be recruited to the site of budding by the late (l) domain of the virus-encoded gag protein. the l domain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) has been shown to interact with a ubiquitin (ub) ligase, and budding of this virus is dependent on ub. rsv is similar to other retroviruses in that it contains approximately 100 molecules of ub, but it is unique in that none of these molecules has been found to be conju ... | 2004 | 15367628 |
| human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized danish children with acute respiratory tract infection. | the newly discovered human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been shown to be associated with respiratory illness. we determined the frequencies and clinical features of hmpv and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in 374 danish children with 383 episodes of acute respiratory tract infection (arti). study material comprised routine nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained during 2 winter seasons (november-may) 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 from children hospitalized at the departments of paediatrics, hvido ... | 2004 | 15370669 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus infections and reduced interferon-gamma generation in vitro. | to study the consequences of the interaction of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with dendritic cells in vitro, we established a model of the primary immune response using dendritic cells, autologous naive t cells and the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tsst 1). about 10% of the naive t cells express the t cell receptor chain vbeta2. these cells were stimulated by tsst 1 and could be analysed by flow cytometry. cultures infected with rsv produced significantly less interferon-gamma c ... | 2004 | 15373911 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial virus lacking secreted glycoprotein g is attenuated, non-pathogenic but induces protective immunity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes intense pulmonary inflammatory responses in some infected infants. the surface attachment protein 'g' of rsv has membrane-bound and secreted forms and shows homology to the cx3c chemokine fractalkine. using recombinant techniques, we generated replication-competent recombinant clonal rsv expressing normal g proteins ('rrsv') or only the membrane-bound form of g ('gmem rrsv'). both recombinants grew well in hep-2 cells, but after primary intranasal infecti ... | 2004 | 15380773 |
| respiratory infections and asthma: current treatment strategies. | infections such as lower respiratory illness potentially contribute to the initiation of asthma and are major factors in recurring acute exacerbations of the condition. although typical bacterial respiratory pathogens such as streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae and hemophilus influenzae do not initiate asthmatic exacerbations, data from a subgroup of adults suggest a potential role for mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in the onset of asthma. common cold viruses, predom ... | 2004 | 15381135 |
| low incidence of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisations in haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. | haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (chd) is a risk factor for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in young children. population based data on the incidence of rsv hospitalisations in chd patients are needed to estimate the potential usefulness of rsv immunoprophylaxis using palivizumab. | 2004 | 15383442 |
| genetic analysis of the growth curve of rous sarcoma virus-induced tumors in chickens. | white leghorn chicks homozygous for b19 mhc haplotype were selected for 18 generations on tumor regression after inoculation in the wing web with an sr-d strain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) at 4 wk of age. each chick was assigned a tumor profile index (tpi) based on age at death and size of the tumor. during 18 generations, 2,010 birds were divergently selected on tpi for either progression or regression of the tumor (p and r lines). a brody growth curve was fitted for each bird. brody function p ... | 2004 | 15384897 |
| soluble cd14 as a predictor of subsequent development of recurrent wheezing in hospitalized young children with respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infancy that causes severe bronchiolitis had been implicated as potentially responsible for the subsequent development of asthma. the cd14 receptor responds to the microbial burden in the environment and modulates the development of the allergic phenotype. | 2004 | 15191023 |
| an assessment of different dna delivery systems for protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection in the murine model: gene-gun delivery induces igg in the lung. | immunization with plasmid dna (pdna) has the potential to overcome the difficulties of neonatal vaccination that may be required for protection against infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv); however, little is known about optimal delivery modalities. in this pilot study we compared mucosal delivery of pdna encoding rsv f protein encapsulated in poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) with delivery of pdna by gene-gun for the induction of immunity in mice. intra-gastric or intra-nasal immunizati ... | 2004 | 15193407 |
| anticipated costs of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children at risk. | reliable estimates of hospitalization costs for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are necessary to perform economic analyses of preventive strategies of severe rsv disease. we aimed to develop a model that predicts anticipated mean rsv hospitalization costs of groups of young children at risk for hospitalization, but not yet hospitalized, based on readily available child characteristics. | 2004 | 15194833 |
| [qtl analysis for rice stripe disease resistance gene using recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from crossing of kinmaze and dv85]. | rice stripe disease transmitted by small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fall.) is one of the most serious viral diseases in east asia. the disease is severely epidemic in most rice growing areas where the main cultivars are susceptible or moderately susceptible to rice stripe virus. in this research, a recombinant inbred lines (rils) population of 81 lines derived from a cross of kinmaze (japonica)/dv85(indica) by the single seed descent method was used to detect quantitative trait lo ... | 2004 | 15195569 |
| lymphocyte apoptosis in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may have an effect on the development of t cell memory responses. rsv bronchiolitis in infants is associated with a transient decline in circulating lymphocytes. we hypothesized that the mechanism underlying this lymphopenia is apoptosis. blood was taken from 32 infants during primary rsv bronchiolitis and three months later. using flow cytometry, we found that absolute numbers of both cd3+/cd4+ t-helper lymphocytes (p = 0.029) and cd3+/cd8+ cytotoxic ... | 2004 | 15196254 |
| decreased interferon-gamma response in respiratory syncytial virus compared to other respiratory viral infections in infants. | an inappropriate interferon-gamma response has been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract illness (lrti). to assess whether this is unique for rsv primary lrti compared to a first non-rsv lrti, intracellular interferon-gamma was determined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 32 infants with a primary rsv infection, 28 with a first non-rsv lrti due to adenoviral, parainfluenzaviral and rhinoviral infection and 1 ... | 2004 | 15196255 |
| expression of ctla-4 (cd152) in peripheral blood t cells of children with influenza virus infection including encephalopathy in comparison with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the most common causes of acute severe respiratory infection in children during the winter. there have been few reports about peripheral blood t cell activation in vivo in influenza virus infection and conflicting results concerning peripheral blood t cells activation in rsv infection. cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (ctla-4, cd152) is a receptor present on t cells that plays a critical role in the down-regulation of antigen-a ... | 2004 | 15196256 |
| mothers may transmit rsv infection more easily or severely to sons than daughters: community study from guinea-bissau. | opposite gender transmission may increase the severity of certain infections. if infections transmitted from mother to son were more severe than from mother to daughter this might explain severe diseases among boys, particularly in small families with few individuals contributing to transmission. among children from guinea-bissau, we tested whether mothers with recent respiratory syncytial virus exposure (positive igm and iga antibody responses) were more likely to have male than female children ... | 2004 | 15198187 |
| orally active fusion inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus. | bms-433771 was found to be a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication in vitro. it exhibited excellent potency against multiple laboratory and clinical isolates of both group a and b viruses, with an average 50% effective concentration of 20 nm. mechanism-of-action studies demonstrated that bms-433771 inhibits the fusion of lipid membranes during both the early virus entry stage and late-stage syncytium formation. after isolation of resistant viruses, resistance was mapp ... | 2004 | 14742189 |
| sphingosine kinase mediates activation of extracellular signal-related kinase and akt by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) preferentially infects lung epithelial cells. infected cells remain viable well into the infection. this prolonged survival results from rsv-induced activation of pro-survival pathways, including akt and extracellular signal-related kinase (erk). sphingosine 1-phosphate (s1p) is a sphingolipid metabolite with demonstrated links to cell survival. it is enzymatically generated by sequential activation of ceramidase (generation of sphingosine) and sphingosine kinas ... | 2004 | 14742298 |
| latency and persistence of respiratory syncytial virus despite t cell immunity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes bronchiolitis in infants, which is associated with recurrent wheezing in later childhood. there is mounting evidence that the virus becomes latent or persists in vivo, but little is known about the mechanisms of its latency, persistence, and immune evasion. we therefore infected balb/c mice intranasally with human rsv, analyzed sequential tissue samples by direct culture and polymerase chain reaction for viral and messenger rna, and monitored antiviral im ... | 2004 | 14742302 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis and hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus disease in the stockholm infant population, 1999 through 2002. | there are few independent, population-based reports that estimate the risk of hospitalization of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected infants before and during the palivizumab era. we present figures from the greater stockholm area during the three seasons after the introduction of palivizumab and relate them to data based on 1400 hospitalizations for rsv disease in the same population area during 1987 through 1998. | 2004 | 14743042 |
| specific inhibition of type i interferon signal transduction by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory viruses often express mechanisms to resist host antiviral systems, but the biochemical basis for evasion of interferon effects by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is poorly defined. in this study, we identified rsv effects on interferon (ifn)-dependent signal transduction and gene expression in human airway epithelial cells. initial experiments demonstrated inhibition of antiviral gene expression induced by ifn-alpha and ifn-beta, but not ifn-gamma, in epithelial cells infected with ... | 2004 | 14722224 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly persons. | risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were determined in 3 cohorts of adults during 2 consecutive winters (1999-2000 and 2000-2001) in rochester, new york. community-dwelling healthy persons > or =65 years old and persons >21 years old who had underlying symptomatic cardiopulmonary conditions were prospectively evaluated for rsv infection. evidence of infection was also sought in persons who were > or =65 years old or had underlying cardiopulmonary disease and who w ... | 2004 | 14722887 |
| influence of promoter variants of interleukin-10, interleukin-9, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes on respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | previously, we reported genetic associations between severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants and polymorphisms in the interleukin (il)-4 and il-4 receptor alpha (il-4ralpha) genes, providing evidence for involvement of t helper type 2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of rsv bronchiolitis. we expanded our studies to polymorphisms in genes encoding il-9, il-10, and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, using both a transmission/disequilibrium test and a case-control approach. c ... | 2004 | 14722888 |
| regional differences in the early mucosal immune response induced by primary inoculation of mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of respiratory tract infection in infants. little is known about the characteristics of critical immunologic inductive sites within respiratory-associated lymphoid tissues (ralt) upon rsv infection. we examined the kinetics and characteristics of early mucosal rsv-specific immune responses after primary inoculation of mice. we found that the initial production of virus-specific antibodies was restricted to the organized lymphoid tissu ... | 2004 | 14726231 |
| packaging and reverse transcription of snrnas by retroviruses may generate pseudogenes. | retroviruses specifically package two copies of their rna genome in each viral particle, along with some small cellular rnas, including trnas and 7s l rna. we show here that rous sarcoma virus (rsv) also packages u6 snrna at approximately one copy per virion. in addition, trace amounts of u1 and u2 snrnas were detected in purified virus by northern blotting. u6 snrna comigrated with the rsv 70s genomic rna dimer on sucrose gradients. we observed reverse transcription of u6 snrna in an endogenous ... | 2004 | 14730028 |
| predisposition of infants with chronic lung disease to respiratory syncytial virus-induced respiratory failure: a vascular hypothesis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes the highest rate of severe respiratory infections and mortality in infants and children worldwide. preterm infants with underlying chronic lung disease (cld), including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), are among those at high risk for severe morbidity, long term sequelae and mortality postinfection. the definition of cld/bpd has evolved and is currently described as a disease of restricted lung development (i.e. impaired alveolar and pulmonary vascular d ... | 2004 | 14730268 |
| physiologic risk factors for respiratory viral infections and immunoprophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus in young children with congenital heart disease. | infants and children with congenital heart disease (chd) are a population at increased risk for infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and its inherent complications compared with the general population. rsv infection increases morbidity from respiratory complications in young chd patients. | 2004 | 14730269 |
| contribution of respiratory syncytial virus g antigenicity to vaccine-enhanced illness and the implications for severe disease during primary respiratory syncytial virus infection. | immunization of balb/c mice with vaccinia virus expressing the g glycoprotein (vvg) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or with formalin-inactivated alum-precipitated rsv (fi-rsv) predisposes for severe illness, type 2 cytokine production and pulmonary eosinophilia after challenge with live rsv. this similar disease profile has led to the proposal that the presence of the g glycoprotein in the fi-rsv preparation was the immunologic basis for the vaccine-associated enhancement of disease observe ... | 2004 | 14730270 |
| the future of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of viral lower respiratory tract illness in infants and children and is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in other populations. despite decades of research there are currently no licensed vaccines for prevention of rsv disease. | 2004 | 14730272 |
| pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in infants. this study aimed to characterise changes in pulmonary pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in infants with rsv bronchiolitis over the course of the illness. on the day of intubation (day 1) and the day of extubation (day x), nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on term and preterm infants ventilated for rsv bronchiolitis and on control infants on day 1. tumour necrosis ... | 2004 | 14738241 |
| increased toll-like receptor 4 expression in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the fusion protein of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) binds to the pattern recognition receptors, tlr4 and cd14, and initiates innate immunity response to the virus. the aim of the study was to investigate the expression of tlr4 on peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood of infants in both acute and convalescent phase of rsv bronchiolitis (n = 26). in addition, tnf-alpha expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes was also assessed. the results showed tlr4 ... | 2004 | 14738455 |
| gene-gun dna vaccination aggravates respiratory syncytial virus-induced pneumonitis. | a cd8+ t-cell memory response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was generated by using a dna vaccine construct encoding the dominant kd-restricted epitope from the viral transcription anti-terminator protein m2 (m2(82-90)), linked covalently to human beta2-microglobulin (beta2m). cutaneous gene-gun immunization of balb/c mice with this construct induced an antigen-specific cd8+ t-cell memory. after intranasal rsv challenge, accelerated cd8+ t-cell responses were observed in pulmonary lymph no ... | 2004 | 15448365 |
| experimental infection of humans with a2 respiratory syncytial virus. | development of a readily available challenge model of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection would be a useful tool for evaluation of antiviral agents and vaccine candidates. accordingly, we evaluated a new challenge pool of rsv a2 virus, provided by the national institutes of allergy and infectious diseases. healthy adults subjects were inoculated intranasally with various dilutions of the pool, and virus shedding, clinical symptoms, and immune response were studied. in a preliminary ... | 2004 | 15451187 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3 expressing the native or soluble fusion (f) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) confers protection from rsv infection in african green monkeys. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, often resulting in hospitalization and/or death. after more than 40 years of research, a food and drug administration-approved vaccine for rsv is still not available. in this study, a chimeric bovine/human (b/h) parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) expressing the human piv3 (hpiv3) fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) proteins from an otherwise bovine piv3 (bpiv ... | 2004 | 15452239 |
| new mannose-binding lectin isolated from the rhizome of sarsaparilla smilax glabra roxb. (liliaceae). | a new mannose-binding lectin, designated sgm2, was isolated from the rhizome of a chinese medicinal herb smilax glabra (also known as sarsaparilla in general) by saline extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation and fractionation, and affinity chromatography on fetuin- and mannose-agarose. sgm2 is shown to have a molecular mass of 37 kda on gel filtration and 12.5 kda on sds-page, indicating that it is a trimeric protein composed of three identical subunits. when the first 30 amino acid residues ... | 2004 | 15453671 |
| human metapneumovirus: a new pathogen in children and adults. | in 2001, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was discovered in young children with respiratory tract infection of unknown origin. in the two years since its discovery the dinical characteristics of this new virus have been darified. in children, especially those younger than one year of age, hmpv is responsible for 5 to 10% of respiratory tract infections requiring hospitalisation; its clinical course is somewhat milder, but otherwise indistinguishable from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. ... | 2004 | 15460495 |
| respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations among american indian and alaska native infants and the general united states infant population. | to determine the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease among american indian (ai) and alaska native (an) infants, by examining rsv-associated hospitalizations. | 2004 | 15466069 |
| [asthma and respiratory syncytial virus. new opportunities for therapeutic intervention]. | numerous studies have described an association between respiratory sincticial virus (rsv) infection in infancy and the subsequent development of airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr). besides the exaggerated immune response and the abnormal neurogenic mechanisms induced by rsv, recent studies have correlated the "persistence" of rsv in the lower respiratory tract with the development of ahr. several investigators have evaluated whether treatment with antiviral or immunosuppressive agents could decrea ... | 2004 | 15469810 |
| natural infection of infants with respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b: a study of frequency, disease severity, and viral load. | heterogeneity in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease severity likely is due to a combination of host and viral factors. infection with rsv subgroup a is thought to produce more severe disease than rsv-b. higher rsv loads correlate with greater disease severity in hospitalized infants. whether subgroup-specific variations in disease severity result from differences in rsv load has not been studied. a total of 102 rsv-hospitalized infants <2 y of age were studied. nasal washes were collected ... | 2004 | 15470202 |
| prospective study of human metapneumovirus infection in children less than 3 years of age. | most lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in children under the age of 3 years are due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). epidemiological, host, and viral factors eventually account for the severity of lrtis, but they do not completely explain it. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was recently identified in children with lrtis. in a population-based prospective multicenter study (the pri.de study, conducted in germany over 2 years), we tested 3,369 nasopharyngeal secretions from children you ... | 2004 | 15472321 |