Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| synthesis and biological evaluation of novel d-2'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyarabinofuranosyl-4'-thiopyrimidines and purines. | novel d-2'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyarabinofuranosyl-4'-thiopyrimidines and purines have been synthesized, starting from l-xylose via azidation at the 2'-position as a key step. most of the final nucleosides exhibited toxicity-dependent anti-hiv-1 activity, among which d-alpha-adenine analogue was found to be the most cytotoxic. | 2002 | 12161143 |
| serologic herpes testing in the real world: validation of new type-specific serologic herpes simplex virus tests in a public health laboratory. | serologic testing for herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) is being implemented in sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics. | 2002 | 12170133 |
| fatal disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in a previously healthy pregnant woman. a case report. | in contrast to the frequent occurrence of localized herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections during pregnancy, disseminated disease has rarely been reported. | 2002 | 12170540 |
| seroepidemiological analysis of risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in a genitourinary medicine clinic population. | 2002 | 12171676 | |
| markers of viral infection in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome. | to estimate the prevalence of viruses associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) and to control for genetic and environmental factors, we conducted a co-twin control study of 22 monozygotic twin pairs, of which one twin met criteria for cfs and the other twin was healthy. levels of antibodies to human herpesvirus (hhv)-8, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, and hepatitis c virus were measured. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for viral dna were performed on peripheral blood ... | 2002 | 12173124 |
| high level expression and secretion of truncated forms of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 glycoprotein d by the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2) glycoproteins d (gd-1 and gd-2) play a role in the entry of the virus into the host cell. availability of substantial amounts of these proteins, or large fragments thereof, will be needed to allow studies at the molecular level. we studied the potency of the pichia pastoris yeast expression system to produce soluble forms of gd. the dna sequences encoding the extracellular domains of gd [amino acids 1-314 (gd-1(1-314)) and amino acids 1-254 (gd-1( ... | 2002 | 12182819 |
| comparative study of mechanisms of herpes simplex virus inactivation by sodium lauryl sulfate and n-lauroylsarcosine. | the mechanisms of herpes simplex virus (hsv) inactivation by sodium lauryl sulfate (sls) and n-lauroylsarcosine (ls), two anionic surfactants with protein denaturant potency, have been evaluated in cultured cells. results showed that pretreatment of hsv type 1 (hsv-1) strain f and hsv-2 strain 333 with either surfactant inhibited, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, their infectivities on vero cells. sls was a more potent inhibitor of hsv-2 strain 333 infectivity than ls with respect ... | 2002 | 12183250 |
| glycoprotein b plays a predominant role in mediating herpes simplex virus type 2 attachment and is required for entry and cell-to-cell spread. | heparan sulfate moieties serve as receptors for initial binding of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2) to cells. deletion of hsv-1 glycoprotein c (gc-1) but not hsv-2 gc (gc-2) results in virions with reduced specific binding activity (virus particles bound per cell) and specific infectivity (p.f.u. per particle), suggesting that for hsv-1, but not hsv-2, gc plays a major role in mediating virus attachment. to test the hypothesis that glycoprotein b (gb), the other heparin-binding ... | 2002 | 12185280 |
| community prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection in tamil nadu, india: a probability proportional to size cluster survey. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and aids is threatening the survival of many nations. to evaluate ongoing interventional strategies and burden of illness estimates, valid data on the prevalence of hiv are required. often, in the absence of community prevalence data, estimates are based on surrogate markers such as prevalence of hiv in antenatal clinics. even though the antenatal prevalence of hiv is easier to measure and can be repeated for evaluation, it is important to establish t ... | 2002 | 12186325 |
| a review of the impact of hypnosis, relaxation, guided imagery and individual differences on aspects of immunity and health. | this review considers psychological interventions involving relaxation and guided imagery targeting immune functions. the review provides evidence of immune control accompanied by reports of enhanced mood and well-being. three recent investigations of the author and his colleagues with self-hypnosis training incorporating imagery of the immune system are outlined. in two studies, hypnosis buffered the effects of stress on immune functions in medical students at exam time, and the comparison of s ... | 2002 | 12186693 |
| truncation of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein b increases its cell surface expression and activity in cell-cell fusion, but these properties are unrelated. | formation of small polykaryons by cell-cell fusion is characteristic of herpes simplex virus (hsv) lesions, but the great majority of viruses isolated from such lesions produce only limited cell fusion in tissue culture. because of this, hsv laboratory strains that produce extensive cell fusion (syncytium formation) in culture are regarded as variants or mutants. furthermore, the rarity of clinical isolates able to produce syncytia in culture suggests that extensive cell fusion is deleterious in ... | 2002 | 12186911 |
| neonatal liver transplantation for fulminant hepatitis caused by herpes simplex virus type 2. | 2002 | 12187302 | |
| expression of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen by cd8(+) t cells specific for a skin-tropic virus. | virus-specific cd8(+) t cells traffic to infected tissues to promote clearance of infection. we used herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) as a model system to investigate cd8(+) t cell trafficking to the skin in humans. using human leukocyte antigen (hla) class i tetramers, we observed that hsv-specific cd8(+) t cells in the peripheral blood expressed high levels of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (cla). in contrast, cd8(+) t cells specific for non-skin-tropic herpesviruses lacked cla exp ... | 2002 | 12189248 |
| serological evidence of alpha herpesvirus infection in sooty mangabeys. | contact between sooty mangabeys (sms) and a pigtailed macaque prompted the serological screening of sms for evidence of infection with b virus. serological tests detected sm antibodies that reacted with b virus polypeptides. additional testing was performed with sera from sms with no previous contact with macaques. results from these tests indicated that 56% (33/59) of the sms had antibodies that reacted with b virus and sa8. sm antibodies also reacted with herpesvirus papio 2 and to a lesser ex ... | 2002 | 12190852 |
| frequency of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and human papillomavirus dna in semen. | herpes simplex virus (hsv-2) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) infections produce brain damage in the newborn, and human papillomavirus (hpv) plays a role in cervical carcinogenesis. to assess the frequency of herpes virus and hpv in semen and its role in transmission, semen from 111 male partners of women with histologically-detected genital hpv infection was analysed for hsv, cmv and hpv infection. we used cell culture to detect hsv and cmv, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for hpv. virological fin ... | 2002 | 12194737 |
| recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis: a case report of mollaret's meningitis. | it is well known that herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 produces acute meningitis, while hsv type 2 rarely causes recurrent meningitis (mollaret's meningitis). we report the history of a 40-year-old patient with recurrent hsv type 2 meningitis (mollaret's meningitis). the patient had seven episodes of meningeal symptoms within a 7-year period. in the seventh episode, hsv type 2 dna was confirmed by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). a real-time quantitativ ... | 2002 | 12195049 |
| [the pathogenesis of herpetic keratitis]. | viral infections of herpes origin are the most commonly encountered ones in man. the most important member of this family is the herpes simplex virus (hsv), two varieties of which are known to exist: hsv-1 affects predominantly the upper half of the body, whereas hsv-2 is associated mainly with diseases of the urogenital tract. in the immunocompetent host, viral replication is usually confined to cutaneous and mucocutaneous sites, invasion of subcutaneous tissues being impeded by an early onset ... | 2002 | 12195312 |
| identification of a herpes b virus-specific glycoprotein d immunodominant epitope recognized by natural and foreign hosts. | the mapping of linear epitopes of b virus (cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 and herpes b virus) glycoprotein d (gd) was accomplished by screening the constructed gd epitope library with serum from b virus-infected macaques. the immunodominant epitope, gd (362-370), was identified within the c-terminal region of b virus gd that was highly conserved among 19 b virus clinical isolates but was not present in either herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 or hsv-2 gd. a substantial percentage of serum samples from ... | 2002 | 12195371 |
| [cloning and expression of simplex herpes virus ? us4 fragment]. | to get early laboratory study of type specific antigenicity of herpes simplex virus ii. | 2002 | 12196833 |
| [the relationship of cervical cancer with pathogen infectious, cytokine and se]. | to identify the relationship of cervical cancer with pathogen infectious, cytokine and se. | 2002 | 12196836 |
| 10: herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections. | any new patient with suspected genital herpes should have diagnostic testing with virus identification. type-specific serological tests that distinguish between antibodies for type 1 and type 2 herpes simplex virus (hsv) may be useful to determine previous exposure but cannot be used to diagnose recurrences of genital herpes. initial episodes of genital herpes usually require antiviral therapy, while recurrences may be treated with continuous antiviral suppression (if frequent) or episodic thera ... | 2002 | 12197826 |
| calcium phosphate nanoparticles induce mucosal immunity and protection against herpes simplex virus type 2. | previously we reported that calcium phosphate nanoparticles (cap) represented a superior alternative to alum adjuvants in mice immunized with viral protein. additionally, we showed that cap was safe and elicited no detectable immunoglobulin e (ige) response. in this study, we demonstrated that following mucosal delivery of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) antigen with cap, cap adjuvant enhanced protective systemic and mucosal immunity versus live virus. mice were immunized intravaginally and ... | 2002 | 12204953 |
| performance of two commercial glycoprotein g-based enzyme immunoassays for detecting antibodies to herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 in children and young adolescents. | in 61 patients 1 to 14 years of age, the gull/meridian enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) had a sensitivity of 100% for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and specificities of 74% for hsv-1 and 48% for hsv-2. in 128 similarly aged patients, the herpeselect elisa (focus technologies) showed sensitivities of 80% for hsv-1 and 88% for hsv-2, and specificities of 97% for hsv-1 and 100% for hsv-2. | 2002 | 12204970 |
| antiherpes simplex virus type 2 activity of casuarinin from the bark of terminalia arjuna linn. | casuarinin, a hydrolyzable tannin isolated from the bark of terminalia arjuna linn. (combretaceae), was investigated for its antiviral activity on herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) in vitro. results showed that the ic(50) of casuarinin in xtt and plaque reduction assays were 3.6+/-0.9 and 1.5+/-0.2 microm, respectively. the 50% cytotoxic concentration for cell growth (cc(50)) was 89+/-1 microm. thus, the selectivity index (si) (ratio of cc(50) to ic(50)) of casuarinin was 25 and 59 for xtt and plaqu ... | 2002 | 12206882 |
| socioeconomic status and risk of hiv infection in an urban population in kenya. | to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (ses), risk factors for hiv infection and hiv status in an urban population with high prevalence of hiv infection in sub-saharan africa. | 2002 | 12225512 |
| expression of genes for cytokines and cytokine-related functions in leukocytes infected with herpes simplex virus: comparison between resistant and susceptible mouse strains. | cytokines and chemokines play an important role in the first line of defence against viral infections. moreover, these groups of proteins also contribute significantly to regulation of the acquired immune response. therefore, knowledge of the expression of cytokines, chemokines and factors involved in their action may provide information about the immune reaction responsible for elimination of viral infections and for immune-mediated pathology. using cdna arrays, we have evaluated the expression ... | 2002 | 12231474 |
| novel dl-galactan hybrids from the red seaweed gymnogongrus torulosus are potent inhibitors of herpes simplex virus and dengue virus. | a novel series of dl-galactan hybrids extracted from the red seaweed gymnogongrus torulosus, was evaluated for its in vitro antiviral properties against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and dengue virus 2 (den-2). these compounds were very active against both viruses with inhibitory concentration 50% (ic50) values in the range 0.6-16 microg/ml for hsv-2 and 0.19-1.7 microg/ml for den-2, respectively, as determined in a virus plaque reduction assay in vero cells. the dl-galactans lacked of cyt ... | 2002 | 12238532 |
| using the evidence base on genital herpes: optimising the use of diagnostic tests and information provision. | there have been several important advances in the range of available diagnostic tests for genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in recent years; polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is emerging in routine clinical use and the potential role of type specific serological tests is currently under debate. several large trials of prophylactic vaccines, subsequently proved to be ineffective, have expanded knowledge of the transmission and epidemiology of hsv infection. this article discusses optimal ... | 2002 | 12238644 |
| seroprevalence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 infection in the general french population. | in spite of the large prevalence and growing incidence of herpes simplex infection (hsv-1 and hsv-2), relatively few large serological surveys are available worldwide and it is still difficult compare frequencies of hsv contaminations in various countries. we present the results of herpimax, the first epidemiological inquiry on hsv prevalence in the general french population. | 2002 | 12238654 |
| herpes simplex virus type-2 infection in pregnancy: no risk of fetal death: results from a nested case-control study within 35,940 women. | the aim of this study was to assess the association of fetal death with herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) antibody status during pregnancy: 1. presence of antibodies in first trimester; 2. appearance of antibodies (incident infection); 3. increase in antibody titre; and 4. loss of antibodies. | 2002 | 12269678 |
| a screening dye-uptake assay to evaluate in vitro susceptibility of herpes simplex virus isolates to acyclovir. | the widespread use of acyclovir (acv) could increase the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) acv-resistant isolates, and a screening assay are thus important for routine surveillance of the acv susceptibility of hsv. a screening dye-uptake assay was developed, based on the conventional dye-uptake assay [j. biol. stand. 14 (1986) 201]. the susceptibility of hsv was measured by testing two virus dilutions (10(-1) and 10(-2)) against two acv concentrations (5 and 10 microm) on vero cells and e ... | 2002 | 12270654 |
| [the effect of kagocel on herpes virus reproduction]. | the effect of an original drug kagocel on the reproduction of herpes simplex virus including its mutant strains resistant to basic antiherpetic medicine acyclovir was evaluated. kagocel was shown to have a low cytotoxic effect on vero cell and inhibited reproduction of herpes virus type 1 and herpes virus type 2 in noncytotoxic concentrations. kagocel was also demonstrated to inhibit the reproduction of herpes virus type 1, resistant to combination of acyclovir and phosphonoacetic acid. detectio ... | 2002 | 12271726 |
| std/hiv intervention and research programme mwanza region, nw tanzania. | the social determinants and epidemiology of sexually transmitted disease (std) were studied in rural communities in mwanza region, tanzania, in the context of the phase specific model of std transmission. the prevalence of hiv and syphilis was higher in communities close to main roads, and lower in communities living on islands in lake victoria, probably reflecting the proportion of high risk individuals in the population. the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, gonorrhoea, chla ... | 2002 | 12083452 |
| chemotherapy of varicella-zoster virus by a novel class of highly specific anti-vzv bicyclic pyrimidine nucleosides. | (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv). its mechanism of action is based on a specific conversion to its 5'-mono- and 5'-diphosphate derivative by hsv-1- and vzv-encoded thymidine kinase, and after further conversion to its 5'-triphosphate derivative, inhibition of the viral dna polymerase and eventual incorporation into the viral dna. recently, a new structural class of bicyclic pyrimidine nucleos ... | 2002 | 12084470 |
| a prospective study of hormonal contraceptive use and cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive women. | cross-sectional analyses have demonstrated an association between use of hormonal contraceptives and shedding of herpes simplex virus (hsv). this prospective study evaluated the effect of initiating use of hormonal contraception on cervical hsv detection. two hundred women who were seropositive for hsv-2 and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 were examined for cervical mucosal hsv by use of quantitative dna polymerase chain reaction before and after beginning the use of hormonal contracep ... | 2002 | 12085333 |
| identification and characterization of the ul7 gene product of herpes simplex virus type 2. | we have raised a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against a recombinant 6x his-tagged herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) ul7 fusion protein expressed in escherichia coli. the antiserum specifically reacted with a 33 kda protein in hsv-1 and hsv-2-infected cell lysates, and was used to characterize the ul7 gene product of hsv-2. the ul7 protein was produced in the late phase of infection, and its synthesis was highly inhibited, but not abolished by the addition of acyclovir (acv). the ul7 protein ass ... | 2002 | 12086147 |
| use of a fragment of glycoprotein g-2 produced in the baculovirus expression system for detecting herpes simplex virus type 2-specific antibodies. | fragments of glycoprotein g (gg-2(281-594his)), comprising residues 281 to 594 of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), glycoprotein g of hsv-1 (gg-1(t26-189his)), and glycoprotein d of hsv-1 (gd-1(1-313)), were expressed in the baculovirus expression system to develop an assay for the detection of hsv-1 and hsv-2 type-specific antibodies. the expression of the gg-1(t26-189his) and gg-2(281-594his) fragments was analyzed by western blotting using monoclonal antibodies lp10 and ap1, respectively. ... | 2002 | 12089274 |
| quantitative stability of dna after extended storage of clinical specimens as determined by real-time pcr. | viral dna stored for extended periods can be amplified by pcr. however, it is unknown whether stored specimens give accurate quantitative results by newer real-time pcr techniques. we therefore compared herpes simplex virus dna levels in specimens before and after 16 months of storage. the levels of viral dna remained stable whether the dna was stored as purified dna or unextracted dna in a whole specimen. | 2002 | 12089286 |
| laboratory diagnosis of central nervous system infections caused by herpesviruses. | herpesviruses may be associated with various types of central nervous system (cns) infections. herpes simplex encephalitis (hse) has to be considered one of the most severe diseases. as effective antiviral drugs are available, rapid and reliable diagnosis has become important. | 2002 | 12091081 |
| detection of herpesvirus infection of the cns: the experience of hospital geral de santo antónio. | pcr detection of csf herpes virus dna is an important tool in the diagnosis of cns infections. use of this test has been shown to have an impact on patient management as measured by shortened patient stays, specific therapeutic intervention, reduction of empirical expensive therapy administration, all of which should translate into significant health care savings. | 2002 | 12091082 |
| detection of herpesvirus genomes by polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid and clinical findings. | the viruses of the herpesviridae family, in particular herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), varicella zoster virus (vzv), and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6), are responsible for numerous infections of the central nervous system (cns). these infections manifest as diverse clinical signs, many of which are not specific. the diagnosis of these infections is necessary to make it possible to adapt treatment appropriately, as treatment is sp ... | 2002 | 12091083 |
| herpes consensus pcr test: a useful diagnostic approach to the screening of viral diseases of the central nervous system. | infections of the central nervous system (cns) are a difficult diagnostic problem for both clinicians and microbiologists. various clinical signs, such as encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, may be associated with herpesviruses. the use of multiplex 'herpes consensus' polymerase chain reaction (hc-pcr) in association with nested pcr (npcr), in addition to classical techniques, made it possible to optimise the management of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum samples from patients affected by the ... | 2002 | 12091084 |
| diagnosis of herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system. | human herpesviruses may cause infections of the central nervous system (cns). the early diagnosis of herpesvirus-associated neurological diseases is of high importance. | 2002 | 12091085 |
| bicyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues (bcnas) as highly selective and potent inhibitors of varicella-zoster virus replication. | bicyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues (bcnas) represent highly potent and selective inhibitors of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) replication in cell culture. the compounds inhibit a variety of clinical vzv strains, in the higher picomolar range, whilst being non-toxic at micromolar concentrations. the compounds do not inhibit the closely related simian varicella virus or any other viruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2 and cytomegalovirus. the bcnas owe at least part of t ... | 2002 | 12096000 |
| elvis: a new 24-hour culture test for detecting herpes simplex virus from ocular samples. | to compare elvis (enzyme linked virus inducible system) (biowhittaker, walkersville, md), a new, simple, 24-hour cell culture test for detecting herpes simplex virus (hsv), with standard cell culture and herpchek (nen, boston, mass) for detecting hsv in ocular specimens. | 2002 | 12096968 |
| successful treatment of an aciclovir-resistant herpes simplex type 2 infection with cidofovir in an aids patient. | management of the increasing frequency of aciclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections among immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus-infected people demands additional treatment options. we report the case of a 38-year-old patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome who suffered from a perianal butterfly ulcer, which was hsv-2 positive by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis. the ulcer appeared during treatment of a cytomegalovirus (cmv) pneumonitis with ganciclovir. ... | 2002 | 12100196 |
| evidence of dual sites of action of dendrimers: spl-2999 inhibits both virus entry and late stages of herpes simplex virus replication. | dendrimers are macromolecules with broad-spectrum antiviral activity and minimal toxicity effective in animal models in preventing transmission of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. in order to further understand the mechanism of action, and toxicity profiles of the dendrimer spl-2999 against hsv, we investigated in vitro activities as follows: modified plaque reduction assays for spl-2999 showed that 50% effective concentrations (ec(50)) determined by pre-treatment of cells with spl-2999 wer ... | 2002 | 12103432 |
| herpes simplex virus: who should be tested? | 2002 | 12106507 | |
| debate: the argument for. should every std clinic patient be considered for type-specific serological screening for hsv? | the arguments against screening for all individuals attending sexually transmitted disease and genitourinary medicine clinics for herpes simplex virus may seem compelling, but an examination of the facts indicate that the case in favour is strong. while no screening test is perfect, testing can confirm the diagnosis, improve management, help to reduce the risk of transmission - including to the newborn - and assist in the development of public health strategies. not least, patients want to know ... | 2002 | 12106508 |
| debate: the argument against. should every std clinic patient be considered for type-specific serological screening for hsv? | while initially attractive, the idea that all individuals attending sexually transmitted disease or genitourinary medicine clinics should be offered type-specific screening for herpes simplex virus may be impractical, and even undesirable, for a number of reasons. these include the lack of a cost-effective and sufficiently specific and sensitive screening test, the absence of an intervention that benefits the health of the individual or reduces the risk of onward transmission and, not least, the ... | 2002 | 12106509 |
| performance and use of hsv type-specific serology test kits. | herpes simplex virus type-specific serology tests based on glycoprotein gg-1 and/or gg-2 are important diagnostic tools to establish aetiology of genital symptoms and identify patients with unrecognized genital herpes. clinicians can now select from three very different food and drug administration-licensed kits. diagnology's pockittrade mark hsv-2 is a point of care test for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) antibodies. clinicians can perform this test while the patient waits. focus technolog ... | 2002 | 12106510 |
| debate: the argument for. should all pregnant women be offered type-specific serological screening for hsv infection? | the challenge for the prevention of acquisition of neonatal herpes is to identify those mothers at risk of acquiring herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in pregnancy, and then to apply interventions to reduce this risk. existing strategies to prevent neonatal herpes are based on recognition of clinical lesions in mothers at term, but these approaches may be of limited effectiveness, given that most cases of neonatal herpes result from unrecognized maternal acquisition of hsv in late pregnancy. ... | 2002 | 12106511 |
| debate: the argument against. should all pregnant women be offered type-specific serological screening for hsv infection? | the first goal in minimizing herpes simplex virus (hsv) mortality and morbidity in infants is to reduce the risk of acquisition of new infections during pregnancy, especially in late gestation. antenatal testing does not necessarily predict the risk of transmission to the newborn infant, since this risk is variable. in order to identify newly acquired infection in women who are hsv-seronegative, repeat testing in late pregnancy would need to be offered. in those who are hsv-seropositive, concern ... | 2002 | 12106512 |
| the changing epidemiology of hsv-1 and hsv-2 and implications for serological testing. | an increased prevalence of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection has been documented worldwide. in the usa, the national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes), conducted from 1988 to 1994, revealed the seroprevalence of hsv-2 in persons 12 years of age or older to be 21.9%, an increase of 30% in age-adjusted seroprevalence of hsv-2 since the previous survey that was conducted from 1976 to 1980. several european studies have documented a high prevalence of hsv-2 in antenatal pop ... | 2002 | 12106513 |
| human monoclonal antibody stability and activity at vaginal ph. | antibodies can be delivered topically to the vagina to protect against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, but the acidity of vaginal secretions (ph 3.5-4.5) might inactivate them. to address this question, both experimental and computational methods were used to evaluate the effects of ph on human monoclonal antibody (mab) stability and activity. to determine the acid-sensitivity of their antigen binding sites, human mabs against human sperm (h6-3c4) and gp120 of hiv (1511) were test ... | 2002 | 12106884 |
| herpesviruses in brain and alzheimer's disease. | it has been established, using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) is present in a high proportion of brains of elderly normal subjects and alzheimer's disease (ad) patients. it was subsequently discovered that the virus confers a strong risk of ad when in brain of carriers of the type 4 allele of the apolipoprotein e gene (apoe-epsilon4). this study has now sought, using pcr, the presence of three other herpesviruses in brain: human herpesvirus 6 (hhv6)-type ... | 2002 | 12115887 |
| sero-epidemiological patterns of epstein-barr and herpes simplex (hsv-1 and hsv-2) viruses in england and wales. | the aim was to carry out a population-based sero-prevalence survey of epstein-barr virus (ebv) across a wide age range in england and wales and to identify any associations between ebv and herpes simplex virus types one and two (hsv-1 and 2). sera from an age-stratified sample of 2,893 individuals, submitted for diagnostic purposes to 15 public health laboratories in england and wales in 1994, were tested for immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody to ebv. the samples had been tested previously for igg ... | 2002 | 12115998 |
| seroprevalence and determinants of herpes simplex type 2 infection in an std clinic in milan, italy. | a number of studies have shown that the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is higher among persons attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (std) than among the general population. the hsv-2 seroprevalence among std patients, however, varies greatly among studies, possibly reflecting differences in the baseline prevalence of the infection among different general populations or in the distribution of risk factors. a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine ... | 2002 | 12116025 |
| quantitation of viral load in neonatal herpes simplex virus infection and comparison between type 1 and type 2. | neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is a severe disease with high mortality and morbidity in spite of the development of effective anti-viral therapies. the viral load in neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection was measured retrospectively in 37 patients. hsv dna copy numbers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were quantified using a real-time pcr assay. patients with disseminated infection had a higher viral load in their sera. whereas patients with central nervous system (c ... | 2002 | 12116026 |
| herpes simplex virus evolved to use the human defense mechanisms to establish a lifelong infection in neurons--a review and hypothesis. | the review of recent studies using dna microarrays shed new light on herpes simplex virus (hsv) replicative cycle, the response of immature dendritic cells (dcs) to pathogens and the response of neurons in trigeminal ganglia to virus reactivation. these studies provided a better understanding of the molecular biology of hsv during infection, latency and reactivation. the research on the sensory trigeminal neurons and the neuronal axons (type c fibers) that transverse the skin basal membrane, ent ... | 2002 | 12018711 |
| assessing the contribution of the herpes simplex virus dna polymerase to spontaneous mutations. | the thymidine kinase (tk) mutagenesis assay is often utilized to determine the frequency of herpes simplex virus (hsv) replication-mediated mutations. using this assay, clinical and laboratory hsv-2 isolates were shown to have a 10- to 80-fold higher frequency of spontaneous mutations compared to hsv-1. | 2002 | 12019036 |
| fractionation of neurons and satellite cells from human sensory ganglia in order to study herpesvirus latency. | a method is described for fractionating human trigeminal ganglia into highly purified populations of neurons and satellite cells in order to study alpha-herpesvirus latency. the method was validated by microscopy of the separated populations and by the observation that only the neuronal population, not the satellite cells, contained herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna. the frequency of detecting hsv in neurons from ganglia was 3% (43 of 1440 neurons). hsv dna was not detected in approximately 17,500 ... | 2002 | 12020789 |
| disulfide bond configuration of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b. | glycoprotein b (gb) is the most highly conserved of the envelope glycoproteins of human herpesviruses. the gb protein of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) serves multiple roles in the life cycle of the virus. to investigate structural properties of gb that give rise to its function, we sought to determine the disulfide bond arrangement of gb. to this end, a recombinant form of gb (gb-s) comprising the entire ectodomain of the glycoprotein (amino acids 1 to 750) was constructed and expressed in insect ... | 2002 | 12021340 |
| exploitation of the herpes simplex virus translocating protein vp22 to carry influenza virus proteins into cells for studies of apoptosis: direct confirmation that neuraminidase induces apoptosis and indications that other proteins may have a role. | previously, we have shown that apoptosis induced by influenza virus was inhibited by an anti-neuraminidase compound [4-guanidino-2, 3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid (gg167; relenza; zanamivir)], which does not enter cells, and acts at the attachment/entry phase of virus replication. furthermore, a virulent virus, clone 7a, induced greater levels of apoptosis than the attenuated a/fiji and had greater neuraminidase (na) activity. to confirm more directly that na induces apoptosis, the na of clon ... | 2002 | 12021867 |
| maternal immunization with a herpes simplex virus type 2 replication-defective virus reduces visceral dissemination but not lethal encephalitis in newborn mice after oral challenge. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) causes devastating infections in newborns. maternal immunization is one potential strategy to reduce neonatal hsv disease. female mice were immunized with an hsv type 2 (hsv-2) replication-defective mutant (hsv-2 dl5-29, which is defective for the genes ul5 and ul29) and then mated. protection was evaluated in newborn mice after a virulent hsv-2 oral challenge. heightened neonatal susceptibility was observed to a thymidine kinase-negative hsv-2 strain (hsv-2 186deltakp ... | 2002 | 12023760 |
| development of hsv-specific cd4+ th1 responses and cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes with antiviral activity by vaccination with the hsv-2 mutant icp10deltapk. | a growth compromised herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) mutant which is deleted in the pk domain of the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (icp10deltapk) protects from hsv-2 challenge in the mouse and guinea pig cutaneous and vaginal models and reduces the incidence and frequency of recurrent disease (vaccine (17) (1999) 1951; vaccine (19) (2001) 1879). the present studies were designed to identify the immune responses induced by icp10deltapk and define the component responsible for prot ... | 2002 | 12034107 |
| serological evidence of herpesvirus infection in gibbons. | herpesviruses are not only infectious agents of worldwide distribution in humans, but have also been demonstrated in various non-human primates as well. seventy-eight gibbons were subjected to serological tests by elisa for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), epstein-barr virus (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv). | 2002 | 12038968 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 ul14 gene product has heat shock protein (hsp)-like functions. | the hsv-2 ul14 gene encodes a 32 kda protein that is a minor component of the viral tegument. the protein relocates other viral proteins such as vp26 and ul33 protein into the nuclei of transiently coexpressing cells (yamauchi et al., 2001). we found that the protein shared some characteristics of heat shock proteins (hsps) or molecular chaperones, such as nuclear translocation upon heat shock, atp deprivation and osmotic shock. interestingly, a significant homology over a stretch of 15 amino ac ... | 2002 | 12045222 |
| identification and characterization of the ul56 gene product of herpes simplex virus type 2. | the ul56 gene product of herpes simplex virus (hsv) has been shown to play an important role in viral pathogenicity. however, the properties and functions of the ul56 protein are little understood. we raised rabbit polyclonal antisera specific for the ul56 protein of hsv type 2 (hsv-2) and examined its expression and properties. the gene product was identified as three polypeptides with apparent molecular masses ranging from 32 to 35 kda in hsv-2-infected cells, and at least one species was phos ... | 2002 | 12050385 |
| herpes simplex encephalitis in a domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus). | an adult domestic rabbit showing neurological signs was subjected to euthanasia. at necropsy, macroscopical lesions were absent. histopathologically, extensive lesions were seen, particularly in the cerebral cortex. non-suppurative meningitis was present and there was lymphocytic and plasmacytic perivascular cuffing in the neuropil. the cerebral cortex showed extensive segmental neuronal and glial necrosis. within the necrotic areas, large amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were present i ... | 2002 | 12056779 |
| synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of new (+/-) 1,4-naphthoquinones structurally related to lapachol. | seven new 1,4-naphthoquinones structurally related to lapachol were synthesized from lawsone and oxygenated arylmercurials. these compounds can also be seen as pterocarpan derivatives where the a-ring was substituted by the 1,4-naphthoquinone nucleus. pharmacological screening provided evidence of significant biological activities, including effects against proliferation of the mcf-7 human breast cancer cell line, against herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, and against snake poison-induced my ... | 2002 | 12057662 |
| indocyanine green angiographic findings in acute retinal necrosis. | to clarify indocyanine green (ia) angiographic features in patients with acute retinal necrosis (arn). | 2002 | 12063045 |
| neurologic morbidity after herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis: a retrospective study of 40 patients. | in order to study the long-term course after herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) meningitis and/or myeloradiculitis the records of 40 consecutive patients were studied. during the year following the acute phase, verified or suspected neurologic recurrences were noted in nearly half of the patients: 1 or more episodes of recurring meningitis were noted in 8 patients; new episodes of myelitis or radiculitis in 3; distinct attacks of headache in 4; and diffuse neurologic complaints impairing daily ... | 2002 | 12064691 |
| fulminant hepatic failure from herpes simplex in pregnancy. | 2002 | 12064959 | |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 us3 blocks apoptosis induced by sorbitol treatment. | previously, we established hep2 cell lines which express the us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus type 2 upon induction with iptg. using these cells, we examined whether expression of us3 is sufficient to protect cells from apoptotic cell death induced by sorbitol. cells expressing us3 showed significantly reduced nuclear fragmentation in the degree that dna fragmentation and caspase-3 activation were suppressed. it is known that stressors such as osmotic shock and uv irradiation induce th ... | 2002 | 12067830 |
| detection and subtyping of herpes simplex virus in clinical samples by lightcycler pcr, enzyme immunoassay and cell culture. | prompt laboratory diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection facilitates patient management and possible initiation of antiviral therapy. in our laboratory, which receives various specimen types for detection of hsv, we use enzyme immunoassay (eia) for rapid detection and culture of this virus. the culture of hsv has traditionally been accepted as the diagnostic 'gold standard'. in this study, we compared the use of real time pcr (lightcycler) for amplification, detection and subtyping of ... | 2002 | 12069697 |
| amino acid substitutions in the v domain of nectin-1 (hvec) that impair entry activity for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 but not for pseudorabies virus or bovine herpesvirus 1. | the entry of herpes simplex virus (hsv) into cells requires the interaction of viral glycoprotein d (gd) with a cellular gd receptor to trigger the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. nectin-1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, can serve as a gd receptor for hsv types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively) as well as for the animal herpesviruses porcine pseudorabies virus (prv) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). the hsv-1 gd binding domain of nectin-1 is hypothesized to overlap ami ... | 2002 | 12072525 |
| antiviral activity of plantago major extracts and related compounds in vitro. | plantago major l., a popular traditional chinese medicine, has long been used for treating various diseases varying from cold to viral hepatitis. the aim of present study was to examine the antiviral activity of aqueous extract and pure compounds of p. major. studies were conducted on a series of viruses, namely herpesviruses (hsv-1, hsv-2) and adenoviruses (adv-3, adv-8, adv-11). the antiviral activity of ec50 was defined as the concentration achieved 50% cyto-protection against virus infection ... | 2002 | 12076751 |
| metabolic pathways of n-methanocarbathymidine, a novel antiviral agent, in native and herpes simplex virus type 1 infected vero cells. | n-methanocarbathymidine ((n)-mct), a thymidine analog incorporating a pseudosugar with a fixed northern conformation, exhibits potent antiherpetic activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2). this study contrasts the metabolic pathway of (n)-mct and the well-known antiherpetic agent ganciclovir (gcv) in hsv-1-infected and uninfected vero cells. treatment of hsv-1 infected vero cells immediately after viral infection with (n)-mct profoundly inhibited the development of hsv ... | 2002 | 12076752 |
| analysis of herpes simplex virus entering into cells of oral origin. | the entry of herpes simplex virus (hsv) into an oral epithelial cell line, primary normal human oral keratinocytes (nhok) and gingival fibroblasts (gf) was examined. infection of these cells by hsv-1 and hsv-2 was blocked by heparin. further examination indicated that heparin reduced viral attachment but not penetration. moreover, neomycin inhibited hsv-1 infection more effectively than hsv-2 infection in gf, but not in nhok. in conclusion, our results elucidated some aspects of the hsv entry pr ... | 2002 | 12076830 |
| transient transfection of mouse fibroblasts with type i interferon transgenes provides various degrees of protection against herpes simplex virus infection. | type i interferons (ifn) constitute one of the initial and most potent components of the innate immune response against viral infections. while there is only one ifn-beta gene, there are several ifn-alpha genes whose products act through the same receptor calling into question the role of these gene products against viral infection. the focus of the present study was to compare the anti-viral state of cells transiently transfected with different murine type i ifn transgenes including ifn-alpha1, ... | 2002 | 12323398 |
| hiv-1 prevalence and herpes simplex virus 2, hepatitis c virus, and hepatitis b virus infections among male workers at a sugar estate in malawi. | hiv-1 prevalence is approximately 23% among men working at a sugar estate in malawi. given the scale of the hiv epidemic in this country, it is important to determine possible cofactors of infection. the authors investigated associations between hiv-1 prevalence and herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections (indicated by anti-hsv-2, anti-hcv and hbsag positivity, respectively) in a nested case-control study of 279 hiv-positive and 280 hiv-neg ... | 2002 | 12352155 |
| age-specific prevalence of infection with herpes simplex virus types 2 and 1: a global review. | information on age- and sex-specific prevalence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 2 and 1 infections is essential to optimize genital herpes control strategies, which increase in importance because accumulating data indicate that hsv-2 infection may increase acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. this review summarizes data from peer-reviewed publications of type-specific hsv seroepidemiologic surveys. hsv-2 prevalence is, in general, highest in africa and the americas, ... | 2002 | 12353183 |
| challenges in genital herpes simplex virus management. | development of serologic assays to detect antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoproteins (g)g1 and (g)g2 has allowed accurate definition of the seroprevalence of hsv-2 worldwide. studies from all continents indicate epidemic proportions of hsv-2 infection. in the united states, 1 in 5 sexually active adults is infected. in africa and the caribbean, hsv prevalence is higher. since the development of the acyclic nucleoside derivatives acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir, treatment of ... | 2002 | 12353184 |
| genital shedding of herpes simplex virus among men. | epidemiologic studies suggest that most sexual transmission of genital herpes occurs when persons shed virus but lack lesions. this study assessed 79 men (63 with a history of genital herpes simplex virus [hsv] type 2 infection, 5 with a history of genital hsv-1 infection, and 11 with hsv-2 antibodies but no history of genital herpes) and obtained daily swabs for viral culture. hsv was isolated at least once from 60 (81%) hsv-2-seropositive men. the total viral shedding rate in hsv-2-seropositiv ... | 2002 | 12353185 |
| valacyclovir for herpes simplex virus infection: long-term safety and sustained efficacy after 20 years' experience with acyclovir. | an extensive clinical trial program combined with 5 years' postmarketing experience with valacyclovir provides evidence of favorable safety and efficacy in herpes simplex virus (hsv) management. valacyclovir enhances acyclovir bioavailability compared with orally administered acyclovir. long-term use of acyclovir for up to 10 years for hsv suppression is effective and well tolerated. acyclovir is also approved for use in children, is available in some countries over the counter in cream formulat ... | 2002 | 12353186 |
| progress in meeting today's demands in genital herpes: an overview of current management. | treatment of genital herpes requires accurate diagnosis, patient support, and effective treatment. diagnosis is usually straightforward for classic presentations characterized by vesicular lesions but can be challenging for atypical presentations, which are more common. diagnosis of asymptomatic infection requires access to molecular technology or type-specific serologic assays. misconceptions about herpes simplex infection are common and patient education is essential. patient concerns extend b ... | 2002 | 12353187 |
| clinical manifestations and treatment considerations of herpes simplex virus infection. | herpes simplex viruses (hsv) types 1 and 2 cause infections manifesting as dermatologic, immunologic, and neurologic disorders. some of the most important manifestations and complications of hsv infection are considered here in a neuroanatomic context. this discussion should aid in understanding the pathogenesis and, in some cases, diagnosis and management of associated hsv-related diseases. the sensory nervous system, rather than skin and mucous membranes, is the primary target of hsv infection ... | 2002 | 12353190 |
| serological testing for herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 and hsv-2 infection. | serological tests for herpes simplex virus (hsv) that can accurately distinguish between hsv-1 and hsv-2 are now commercially available. these tests detect antibodies to hsv glycoproteins g-1 and g-2, which evoke a type-specific antibody response. focus technologies produces the herpeselect-1 and herpeselect-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests and the hsv-1 and hsv-2 herpeselect1/2 immunoblot. diagnology has marketed pockit-hsv-2, a point-of-care test for hsv-2 that allows blood from a fin ... | 2002 | 12353203 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies in african sera by using recombinant gg2, western blotting, and gg2 inhibition. | sera (n = 781) from four african countries were used to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) antibodies by using the herpeselect hsv-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa; focus technologies) and western blotting (wb). also, an hsv inhibition assay was developed to evaluate the discordant sample results between herpesselect and wb. the seroprevalence of hsv-2 ranged from 17% in the south african panel to nearly 70% in panels from kenya, uganda, and zimbabwe. overa ... | 2002 | 12354858 |
| prime-boost immunization with dna and modified vaccinia virus ankara vectors expressing herpes simplex virus-2 glycoprotein d elicits greater specific antibody and cytokine responses than dna vaccine alone. | several reports have indicated that prime-boost strategies of vaccination can enhance the level of specific immunity induced by nucleic acid vaccines. the present report describes such a strategy with herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 glycoprotein d (gd), using combinations of plasmid vector that expresses gd (pgd2) and a recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara vector that expresses gd (mva-gd2). the igg antibody response to gd and the hsv-2 neutralizing antibody response were greatest when the mv ... | 2002 | 12355355 |
| [a case of recurrent aseptic meningitis (mollaret meningitis) with back pain in which was detected the dna of herpes simplex virus type 2 in cerebrospinal fluid]. | we reported a 59-year-old woman with four episodes of recurrent self-limited aseptic meningitis. her episodes had resolved in 14-20 days without residural and all were marked clinically by acute headache, back pain, and nausea with fever. no concurrent systemic or genital symptoms or signs were present. csf analysis performed on the third day of her fourth episode of recurrent meningitis showed the dna of herpes simplex virus type 2 by means of the polymerase chain reaction method. acyclovir the ... | 2002 | 12355847 |
| critical residues in the cc' ridge of the human nectin1 receptor v domain enable herpes simplex virus entry into the cell and act synergistically with the downstream region. | the site on nectin1 receptor required for herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry into the cell was previously mapped to the 64-94 region, encompassing the predicted cc'c" region of the immunoglobulin v domain. within it lies a minimal hsv entry site (residues 77-94). here we transferred the 65-76 region (c strand and cc' loop) and portions, or single amino acids, thereof to nectin2, a homolog nonfunctional for wt hsv-1 entry. replacement of the seven- or of three-amino-acid-long stretches from nectin1 ... | 2002 | 12359441 |
| [current epidemiology of herpes]. | the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections describes: the clinical picture varying from subclinical to severe in various age groups, latency and recurrent infections, the transmission through direct contact related to the localisation of the lesions (ano-uro-genital for hsv2, oro-labial for hsv1), the world wide human reservoir, the lack of seasonal peak of incidence and the exceptional limited outbreaks. serological and virological tests used for evaluating the frequency of acqui ... | 2002 | 12360695 |
| [herpetic infections and human immunodeficiency virus]. | co-infection by hiv and hsv viruses his known since aids epidemic has started. a better knowledge of the strong relations between the two viruses has demonstrated that hsv infection increases the rate of hiv transmission. hsv2 infection is occurring in younger people below 20 years old where incidence has much increased those last years, in teen agers with a high number of sexual partners. the increase in hiv infection and transmission in hsv positive patients leads to treat genital ulcers to de ... | 2002 | 12360700 |
| the memory effect of heteropolyoxotungstate (pm-19) pretreatment on infection by herpes simplex virus at the penetration stage. | the keggin-type heteropolyoxotungstate k(7)[pti(2)w(10)o(40)].6h(2)o (pm-19) is a potent polyoxometalate (pm) inhibitor of the replication of herpes simplex virus (hsv). pretreatment of vero cells with pm-19 prior to hsv-2 infection enhanced the antiviral potency of pm-19 almost 10-fold compared with treatment of the cells only after infection. the pretreatment effect of pm-19 is called "the memory effect". the memory effect was reflected by inhibition of plaque formation and decrease of intrace ... | 2002 | 12361699 |
| [meningitis caused by herpes simplex virus type 2]. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is well-known as a cause of orolabial ulcers, whereas hsv-2 predominantly causes genital infections. furthermore, hsv can lead to severe infections in the central nervous system (cns). in adults, hsv encephalitis is predominantly caused by hsv-1, whereas hsv-2 mainly leads to aseptic meningitis, the symptoms of which are seen with or without concurrent genital ulcers. we describe four cases of hsv-2-associated aseptic meningitis. one of the patients had a prim ... | 2002 | 12362835 |
| novel mutations in the thymidine kinase and dna polymerase genes of acyclovir and foscarnet resistant herpes simplex viruses infecting an immunocompromised patient. | mutations in the thymidine kinase (tk) and dna polymerase (pol) genes of herpes simplex virus (hsv) may confer resistance to antiviral drugs, particularly in the context of immunosuppression induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 2002 | 12367650 |
| antiviral agents alter ability of hsv-2 to disrupt gap junctional intercellular communication between mammalian cells in vitro. | in cultured mammalian cells (vero), different antiviral agents change to differing degrees the ability of hsv2 to down-regulate gap junctions, each agent having a specific effect. measured by intracellular electrodes, control cell populations showed 49-51% coupling, uninfected populations treated with acyclovir or sds averaged 43-51% coupling while populations infected with hsv2 had coupling reduced to 8%. the antiviral agent acyclovir (1 microg/ml), which suppresses viral replication, failed to ... | 2002 | 12367720 |
| synergistic inhibition of herpesvirus replication by docosanol and antiviral nucleoside analogs. | interactions between docosanol (n-docosanol, behenyl alcohol) and nucleoside or pyrophosphate analogs were investigated in vitro. the anti-hsv activity of acyclovir (acv) was synergistically enhanced by treatment of cells with docosanol as judged by inhibition of progeny virus production and plaque formation. this drug interaction between acv and docosanol was observed with laboratory strains of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), oral and genital clinical isolates of hsv, cyto ... | 2002 | 12367721 |