Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a follow-up study of children with neonatal herpes simplex virus infections with particular regard to late nervous disturbances. | forty-five children with neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection, representing all known cases in the diagnostic records of four virological laboratories within a 15-year period, were followed up. twelve children had died. sixteen of the 33 survivors were healthy. thirteen children had severe disabilities: all of them showed severe mental retardation; moreover, 11 were tetraplegic, one was hemiplegic with hydrocephalus and one had a pronounced behavioural abnormality. four children had sli ... | 1991 | 1709771 |
| 9-[(2rs)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] derivatives of purines: a class of highly selective antiretroviral agents in vitro and in vivo. | a new class of compounds, 9-[(2rs)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] [(rs)-fpmp] derivatives of purines, is described that has selective activity against a broad spectrum of retroviruses [including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2)] but not other rna or dna viruses. this activity spectrum is completely different from that of the parental compounds, 9-[(2s)-3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] [(s)-hpmp] derivatives of purines, which are active against a broad range ... | 1991 | 1711214 |
| multiple overlapping homologies between two rheumatoid antigens and immunosuppressive viruses. | amino acid (aa) sequence homologies between viruses and autoimmune nuclear antigens are suggestive of viral involvement in disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and scleroderma. we analyzed the frequency of exact homologies of greater than or equal to 5 aa between 61 viral proteins (19,827 aa), 8 nuclear antigens (3813 aa), and 41 control proteins (11,743 aa). both pentamer and hexamer homologies between control proteins and viruses are unexpectedly abundant, with hexamer matches ... | 1991 | 1712488 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase is expressed in the testes of transgenic mice under the control of a cryptic promoter. | we reported previously that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase reporter gene (tk) was expressed in the testes of transgenic mice when coupled to the promoter of a liver-specific mouse major urinary protein (mup) gene. here we show that hsv-1 tk is also expressed in the testis when coupled to a mup pseudogene promoter, to a truncated mup promoter that is not active in the liver, and to the promoter of the bovine thyroglobulin gene. furthermore, hsv-1 tk itself was expressed ... | 1991 | 1712906 |
| b and t cell epitopes of glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1. | 1991 | 1713774 | |
| neural spread of herpes simplex virus after anterior chamber inoculation. | a genetically engineered herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1, strain rh116) that expresses beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was used as a marker to trace the route of interocular spread of hsv-1 after anterior chamber (ac) inoculation into balb/c mice. because rh116 is thymidine kinase deficient (tk-), the wild-type tk+ kos strain of hsv-1 was used as a helper virus to complement rh116 during in vivo infection. after coinfection of balb/c mice with rh116 and kos in the ac of one eye, beta-gal expres ... | 1991 | 1714427 |
| identification of a monocyte receptor on herpesvirus-infected endothelial cells. | the adhesion of circulating blood cells to vascular endothelium may be an initial step in atherosclerosis, inflammation, and wound healing. one mechanism for promoting cell-cell adhesion involves the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of the target cell. herpes simplex virus infection of endothelium induces arterial injury and has been implicated in the development of human atherosclerosis. we now demonstrate that hsv-infected endothelial cells express the adhesion molecule gmp140 a ... | 1991 | 1714592 |
| selective induction of discrete epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 1-specified glycoprotein c by interference with terminal steps in glycosylation. | we have described two types of oligosaccharide modification influencing the antigenicity of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-specified glycoprotein c (gc-1). first, the expression of several epitopes belonging to antigenic site ii of gc-1 is dependent on the peripheral galactose of n-linked oligosaccharides. we have also shown that treatment of hsv-1-infected cells with 5-n-propyl-2'-deoxyuridine (pdu) under certain circumstances results in other modifications of peripheral carbohydrate d ... | 1991 | 1714943 |
| conformational and epitope mapping of herpes-simplex-virus type-1 thymidine kinase using synthetic peptide segments. | adjacent peptide segments covering the complete sequence of herpes-simplex-virus type-1 thymidine kinase (hsv1-tk) of 376 amino acids were synthesized in order to experimentally verify the three-dimensional structure of the hsv1-tk active site, which was previously determined by molecular modeling. 26 peptides have been prepared by multiple solid-phase synthesis using the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl strategy. the purified peptides were linked covalently to bovine serum albumin. the peptide/elisa ... | 1991 | 1716203 |
| prevention of herpes keratitis by monoclonal antibodies specific for discontinuous and continuous epitopes on glycoprotein d. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for defined discontinuous and continuous epitopes on glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were surveyed for their capacity to protect against virus-induced corneal disease in a murine ocular infection model. a known amount of purified mab was transferred passively to balb/c mice 24 hr after topical infection with hsv-1 on their scarified corneas. at high doses (50-136 micrograms), all seven mabs protected against the development of pers ... | 1991 | 1716618 |
| characterization of the bovine herpesvirus 4 major immediate-early transcript. | the major immediate-early (ie) rna of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) has been identified and characterized by analyzing cytoplasmic polyadenylated rna isolated from madin-darby bovine kidney cells infected with bhv-4(dn-599) in the presence of cycloheximide. hybridization of cdna to southern blots of viral dna, northern (rna) blot analysis, and s1 nuclease analyses showed that the major bhv-4 ie rna is a spliced, 1.7-kb rna, which is transcribed from right to left on the restriction map of the bhv ... | 1991 | 1716688 |
| lkm-1 autoantibodies recognize a short linear sequence in p450iid6, a cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase. | lkm-1 autoantibodies, which are associated with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, recognize p450iid6, a cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase. the reactivities of 26 lkm-1 antisera were tested with a panel of deletion mutants of p450iid6 expressed in escherichia coli. 22 sera recognize a 33-amino acid segment of p450iid6, and 11 of these recognize a shorter segment, dpaqpprd. paqppr is also found in ie175 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). antibodies for hsv-1 proteins were detected by elisa in ... | 1991 | 1717511 |
| transgenic mouse lines that are immunologically tolerant and nontolerant to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | a construct containing the gene for glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus (hsv-gd), under the control of the simian virus 40 early promoter, was microinjected into single-cell embryos, and four transgenic mouse lines were established. three were homozygous (lines 75, 111, and 113) and one was hemizygous (line 108) for the hsv-gd gene. examination of sera revealed that only one of the lines (line 75) spontaneously produced antibody to hsv-gd. immunization of the other three lines with vaccinia v ... | 1991 | 1717714 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional mapping of the major capsid protein gene of pseudorabies virus. | the gene encoding the 142-kda major capsid protein (mcp142) of pseudorabies virus (prv) was isolated and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the mcp142 gene has a single open reading frame of 3993 nucleotides (nt) encoding 1330 amino acids. the 4400-nt major rna from the mcp142 gene was detected in prv-infected cells. the 5' end of the transcript was located 60 nt upstream of the initiation codon. the 3' end of the transcript was located 18 nt downstream of a putative poly(a) s ... | 1991 | 1718089 |
| the ul20 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 encodes a function necessary for viral egress. | a recombinant virus from which the start codon and 53% of the ul20 open reading frame had been deleted was constructed and characterized. we report the following: (i) the ul20- mutant formed small plaques in 143 tk- cells but failed to form plaques in vero cells. virus yields were approximately 10- to 100-fold lower than those of wild-type virus in all cell lines tested. (ii) electron microscopic examination of vero cells infected with the ul20- mutant revealed that enveloped and unenveloped cap ... | 1991 | 1719228 |
| inhibition by interferon of herpes simplex virus type 1-activated transcription of tat-defective provirus. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-mediated transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) provirus was studied in cell lines containing either integrated tat-defective hiv-1 provirus (hnhivdt4 cells) or the tat-defective hiv-1 provirus, and a plasmid in which the expression of human alpha 2 interferon (huifn-alpha 2) was under the control of the hiv-1 long terminal repeat (ltr) (hnhiv alpha 1 cells). in both cell lines, transcription of the hiv-1 provirus was below the limi ... | 1991 | 1719535 |
| interferons and the colony-stimulating factors il-3 and gm-csf enhance the ifn-alpha response in human blood leucocytes induced by herpes simplex virus. | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were stimulated to produce interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) by glutaraldehyde-fixed herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv)-infected wish amnion cells in vitro. different cytokines were included during the stimulation and tested for their ability to enhance the ifn-alpha response which occurs in the natural ifn-alpha producing (nip) leucocytes. the total production of ifn-alpha and the numbers of ifn-alpha producing cells (ipcs) were increased by interleukin ... | 1991 | 1719612 |
| a related epitope is consistently present on glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. | a monoclonal antibody (ve8) directed to glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) cross-reacted with all hsv type 2 (hsv-2) strains tested. positive reaction was also observed with all investigated hsv-1 strains, indicating that the related epitope is consistently present in hsv-1 and hsv-2. | 1991 | 1719785 |
| identification of the main epitope on human cytochrome p450 iid6 recognized by anti-liver kidney microsome antibody. | antibodies present in the sera of a group of children with autoimmune hepatitis react with human cytochrome p450 iid6. cdna constructions of various fragments of human p450 iid6 were made and expressed and the resulting peptides were tested in immunoblot with patients' sera. these allowed identification of at least two antigenic sites on the p450 molecule. the main one, recognized by all sera tested, is located between amino acids 239 and 271. synthesis of three peptides covering this area of th ... | 1991 | 1723273 |
| computer predictions of antigenic domains in herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 glycoprotein d as compared with experimentally proven domains. | the primary amino-acid sequence of the glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2) was analyzed by computer programs that provided values for hydrophilicity, surface probability, flexibility, and antigenicity, as well as the secondary structure conformation. putative antigenic domains with a high hydrophilicity, surface probability, and antigenicity index were determined and compared with the reported antigenic domains in hsv-1 and hsv-2 gd protein based on experimen ... | 1991 | 1724582 |
| mutations in conformation-dependent domains of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b affect the antigenic properties, dimerization, and transport of the molecule. | glycoprotein b (gb) is a component of the herpes simplex virus 1 envelope that is required for penetration of virions into cells. we constructed 11 mutants in the gb gene by deleting the carboxy terminus of the molecule, inserting linkers into the ectodomain and intracellular region, and creating point mutations in cysteine residues. to identify regions of the molecule that affect the formation of epitopes on gb, we cloned the mutated genes into a eukaryotic expression vector, transfected them i ... | 1991 | 1701945 |
| in vivo protective effect of tumour necrosis factor alpha against experimental infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. | c57bl/6 mice, which differ genetically from other strains by their resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection, were inoculated intraperitoneally with different doses of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha). mice pretreated with 100 ng, or even 10 ng, of tnf-alpha showed prolonged survival compared to control mice that were infected with 10(7) p.f.u. of hsv-1. significant protection was observed in mice injected 4 or 8 h prior to or after hsv-1 inoculation, respectively. prot ... | 1991 | 1703559 |
| induction of protective immunity with antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein h (gh) and analysis of the immune response to gh expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus. | passive administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) to glycoprotein h (gh) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was found to protect mice from an hsv-1 strain sc16 challenge infection. to investigate further the protective potential of gh, recombinant vaccinia viruses were constructed which expressed the hsv-1 gh open reading frame under the control of the vaccinia virus 7.5k early/late promoter or the 4b late promoter. immunization with recombinant viruses, however, did not induc ... | 1991 | 1704412 |
| effect of interferon treatment on expression of gc and ge glycoproteins in herpes simplex virus-infected cells. | the effect of interferon treatment on the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-specific glycoproteins gc and ge in homologous and heterologous cells has been investigated. in human embryonic fibroblastic cells, human leukocyte interferon inhibited virus multiplication and expression of the hsv-1-specific glycoproteins gc and ge on the cell surface in a dose-dependent manner. in heterologous baby hamster kidney cells, the human interferon had no effect on virus multiplication. however, the surface ... | 1991 | 1645168 |
| intracellular maturation and sorting of two herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins. immunogold staining of ultrathin cryosections. | simultaneous immunocytochemical triple staining of ultrathin cryosections of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells was carried out using monoclonal antibodies specific for glycoprotein c, glycoprotein d and alpha + beta tubulin. the viral glycoproteins were identified in the cytoplasm, in the golgi sacs, on the plasma membrane and on the surface of intra- and extracellular virus particles, but not on the nuclear membrane. the glycoproteins identified in the cytoplasm outside the golgi regio ... | 1991 | 1645170 |
| evaluation of five monoclonal antibody-based kits or reagents for the identification and culture confirmation of herpes simplex virus. | five immunofluorescence (if) kits or reagents (bartels [bartels immunodiagnostic supplies, inc., bellevue, wash.], imagen [celltech diagnostics, ltd., distributed by analytab products, plainview, n.y.], ortho [ortho diagnostics systems, inc., raritan, n.j.], syva [syva co., palo alto, calif.], whittaker [whittaker bioproducts, walkersville, md.]) were evaluated for typing and laboratory confirmation of herpes simplex virus (hsv). of 101 clinical isolates tested by each kit or reagent, results fo ... | 1991 | 1645367 |
| dominant positive and negative selection using a hygromycin phosphotransferase-thymidine kinase fusion gene. | the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene was fused in-frame with the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene. the resulting fusion gene (termed hytk) confers hygromycin b resistance for dominant positive selection and ganciclovir sensitivity for negative selection and provides a means by which these selectable phenotypes may be expressed and regulated as a single genetic entity. | 1991 | 1645450 |
| role of alpha-transinducing factor (vp16) in the induction of alpha genes within the context of viral genomes. | in herpes simplex virus 1, the five alpha genes are induced by alpha-transinducing factor (alpha tif; vp16), a virion protein, acting in concert with oct-1 and other cellular proteins on a cis-acting site in the promoter domain of alpha genes. because alpha tif is an essential virion protein, its function as an inducer can best be evaluated only by mutating the cis-acting site. earlier we reported on a series of 17 mutations in and around the cis-acting site of a 275-bp alpha 27 promoter fused t ... | 1991 | 1645782 |
| mutations in the activation region of herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp27 can be trans dominant. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early protein icp27 is an essential regulatory protein which is required for virus replication. transfection experiments have demonstrated that icp27 along with the hsv-1 transactivators icp4 and icp0 can positively regulate the expression of some late hsv-1 target plasmids and can negatively regulate the expression of some immediate-early and early target plasmids. we previously showed that mutants defective in the activation of a late target pl ... | 1991 | 1645788 |
| overexpression in bacterial and identification in infected cells of the pseudorabies virus protein homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 icp18.5. | the icp18.5 gene (ul28) of herpes simplex virus type 1 is a member of a well-conserved gene family among herpesviruses and is thought to play a role in localization of viral glycoproteins. we have cloned, sequenced, and expressed the entire pseudorabies virus (prv) icp18.5 open reading frame in escherichia coli as a cro-icp18.5 fusion protein. rabbit antiserum against cro-icp18.5 immunoprecipitated a 79-kda protein from prv-infected cells as well as a 79-kda protein from in vitro translation of ... | 1991 | 1645790 |
| icp4, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus, shares features common to gtp-binding proteins and is adenylated and guanylated. | infected cell protein 4 (icp4), the product of the alpha 4 gene, regulates herpes simplex virus 1 and herpes simplex virus 2 gene expression at the transcriptional level both positively and negatively. previous studies have shown that icp4 is extensively modified posttranslationally. we report that icp4 was labeled in isolated nuclei of infected cells by [alpha-32p]gtp or [alpha-32p]atp. the labeling of icp4 by [alpha-32p]gtp or [alpha-32p]atp required excess gtp, atp, gdp, and adp and occurred ... | 1991 | 1645791 |
| native herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d vaccine: immunogenicity and protection in animal models. | mice, guinea pigs, and rhesus monkeys were immunized with immunoaffinity-purified native glycoprotein d (gd) derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1). the native glycoprotein has evoked significant in vivo responses even at low doses. thus, mice immunized with doses as low as 1 microgram were significantly protected from the morbidity and mortality of lethal hsv2 challenge and from establishment of latent hsv2 infection. protection was dose-related and correlated with prechallenge serum n ... | 1991 | 1645898 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of locus syn 5 in herpes simplex virus 1. | previous papers have reported that the syncytial mutant hsv-1(13)s11 carries three segregable syn mutations and exhibits its altered phenotype in four different cell lines, i.e. hep-2, vero, bhk and hel both at 34 degrees c and 39 degrees c. those studies have shown that one of three syncytial loci, designated syn 5, is located in the bam hi q fragment spanning map units 0.296-0.317 of the prototype arrangement. recombinants obtained from marker transfer experiments with donor bamhi q fragment, ... | 1991 | 1645902 |
| differentiation of herpes simplex virus-induced fusion from without and fusion from within by cyclosporin a and compound 48/80. | treating strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv) in culture with either cyclosporin a or compound 48/80, allowed the strains to be divided into two groups. group 1 contains the strains ang and hfem of hsv-1 and lux syn (hsv-2) producing fusion from within (ffwi) and fusion from without (ffwo). cyclosporin a fails to inhibit both types of fusion at concentrations up to 100 microm. strains ang and hfem belong to the syn 3 marker locus group identified for hsv-1. group 2 contains all other fusion-pro ... | 1991 | 1646277 |
| purification and characterization of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase small subunit following expression in escherichia coli. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gene encoding the ribonucleotide reductase (rr) small subunit (r2) was cloned as an unfused and intact open reading frame into a t7 rna polymerase expression system in escherichia coli. the expressed product was recovered from bacteria in soluble form and constituted 7% of the soluble protein. protein purification yielded 3.5 mg of 95% pure r2 per litre of bacterial culture. the correct composition of the purified protein was verified by amino acid analysi ... | 1991 | 1646278 |
| role of viral ribonucleotide reductase in the increase of dttp pool size in herpes simplex virus-infected vero cells. | infection of vero cells with herpes simplex virus (hsv) causes a marked increase in the dttp pool size of infected cells. in this study we examined the relative importance of the hsv-encoded ribonucleotide reductase (rr) and thymidine kinase (tk) in the increase of dttp. in cells infected with an rr deletion mutant of hsv-1 strain kos, there was no significant increase in the size of the dttp pool, whereas the dttp pool in hsv-1(tk-)-infected cells was increased in size to almost the same extent ... | 1991 | 1646284 |
| virus inactivation during production of intravenous immunoglobulin. | the effect of pepsin treatment at ph 4 on the infectivity of several enveloped viruses was assessed under the conditions used during the production of intravenous immunoglobulins. it was shown that the prototypes of four virus families--human immunodeficiency virus (lentivirinae), herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus (herpesviridae), semliki forest virus (togaviridae), and vesicular stomatitis virus (rhabdoviridae)--were inactivated by this procedure. with vesicular stomatitis v ... | 1991 | 1646503 |
| the simian herpesvirus sa8 homologue of the herpes simplex virus gb gene: mapping, sequencing, and comparison to the hsv gb. | the genomic location and dna sequence of the simian herpesvirus sa8 gene encoding a homologue of the hsv1 gb glycoprotein was determined. using a cloned gb gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) as probe in southern blot hybridizations, the sa8 gb gene was localized to a 10-kbp kpni fragment mapping in the unique long part of the genome. a 2.8 kbp, 68.4% gc segment of this fragment was sequenced. it contained a 2649 nucleotide orf possibly encoding a 98.4 kda polypeptide. the predicted amino ... | 1991 | 1646593 |
| antiviral activities of glycyrrhizin and its modified compounds against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in vitro. | chemically modified compounds of glycyrrhizin have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). among them, the 11-deoxo compound having a heteroannular diene structure at the c and d rings proved as active against hiv-1 as glycyrrhizin in mt-4 and molt-4 cells. it completely inhibited hiv-1-induced cytopathogenicity in both cell lines at a concentration of 0.16 mm. the compou ... | 1991 | 1646687 |
| immunostimulatory, but not antiendotoxin, activity of lipid x is due to small amounts of contaminating n,o-acylated disaccharide-1-phosphate: in vitro and in vivo reevaluation of the biological activity of synthetic lipid x. | lipid x, a precursor in the biosynthesis of lipid a, has been claimed to possess most of the immunostimulatory activity but none of the toxicity of endotoxin. however, recent work shows that synthetic lipid x can be contaminated with small amounts of n,o-acylated disaccharide-1-phosphate (h. aschauer, a. grob, j. hildebrandt, e. schuetze, and p. steutz, j. biol. chem. 265:9159-9164, 1990). because the impurities themselves exhibit immunostimulatory properties, it was necessary to establish wheth ... | 1991 | 1646770 |
| the major herpes simplex virus type-1 dna-binding protein is a zinc metalloprotein. | the primary amino acid sequence of the major herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cell polypeptide 8 (icp8) deduced from the dna sequence of the unique long open reading frame 29 (ul29 orf) contains a potential metal-binding domain of the form cys-x2-5-cys-x2-15-a-x2-4-a where a may be either histidine or cysteine and x is any amino acid. the putative metal-binding sequence in icp8 encompasses residues 499-512 as follows: c-n-l-c-t-f-d-t-r-h-a-c-v-h-. atomic absorption analysis of severa ... | 1991 | 1646804 |
| polymerase chain reaction for early detection of hsv-dna in cerebrospinal fluid: an experimental mouse encephalitis study. | a series of experiments was carried out using a mouse hsv-1 encephalitis model for detecting hsv-dna in csf by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the results were correlated with the time period after corneal inoculation, clinical signs and symptoms, and progression of infection in brain tissue (antigen detection and histopathology), and were compared with virus isolation by spin-amplified culture (sac/if). the pcr proved to be superior to sac/if, both with respect to early detection and the p ... | 1991 | 1646855 |
| a predictive model for dna recognition by the herpes simplex virus protein icp4. | the herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 immediate early protein icp4 is an essential regulatory enzyme that binds dna directly in order to stimulate or repress gene expression. the degree of transaction is related to the locations and affinities of the icp4 binding sites. a number of binding sites have been identified; some sites showed obvious homology to one another, and these were called consensus icp4 binding sites. other binding sites did not appear to be related, and these were termed non-co ... | 1991 | 1646893 |
| infection of polarized mdck cells with herpes simplex virus 1: two asymmetrically distributed cell receptors interact with different viral proteins. | herpes simplex virus 1 attaches to at least two cell surface receptors. in polarized epithelial (madin-darby canine kidney; mdck) cells one receptor is located in the apical surface and attachment to the cells requires the presence of glycoprotein c in the virus. the second receptor is located in the basal surface and does not require the presence of glycoprotein c. exposure of mdck cells at either the apical or basal surface to wild-type virus yields plaques and viral products whereas infection ... | 1991 | 1647025 |
| detection of the latency-associated transcript in neuronal cultures during the latent infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. | the transcriptional studies reported in this paper indicate that the latency-associated transcript (lat) is present in neuronal cultures during the latent infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). during the latent infection glycoprotein d (gd) mrna, a mrna characteristic of the productive infection, is not detected. however, following reactivation by nerve growth factor (ngf) deprivation, gd mrna is detected in the neuronal cultures. thus, the restricted viral gene expression in the i ... | 1991 | 1647075 |
| sequence analysis of the 4.7-kb bamhi-ecori fragment of the equine herpesvirus type-1 short unique region. | to localize gene that may encode immunogens potentially important for recombinant vaccine design, we have analysed a region of the equine herpesvirus type-1 (ehv-1) genome where a glycoprotein-encoding gene had previously been mapped. the 4707-bp bamhi-ecori fragment from the short unique region of the ehv-1 genome was sequenced. this sequence contains three entire open reading frames (orfs), and portions of two more. orf1 codes for 161 amino acids (aa), and represents the c terminus of a possib ... | 1991 | 1647359 |
| in vitro transcription and translation of proteins encoded by the bamhi-b genomic fragment of herpes simplex virus-1. | the bamhi-b dna fragment of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) is associated with intraperitoneal pathogenicity. among the recently mapped rna transcripts from this fragment (15), one was reported to be associated with latency. to relate the rna transcripts to virus pathogenicity, the in vitro-transcribed rnas from bamhi-b fragments of three hsv-1 strains--f (pathogenic), r19, and hfem (apathogenic), were studied by in vitro translation. when the bamhi-hpai (0.738-0.755 map units) dna fragment ... | 1991 | 1647566 |
| rheumatoid factors react with fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 fc gamma-binding proteins. | human polyclonal igm rheumatoid factors (rf) were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies (mab) (ii-481 and b10/a8) to glycoprotein e (ge), the fc gamma-binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), as well as with mab 88-s to ge of hsv-2. most of the rf reacted with ii-481 and 88-s. positive reactions were recorded for rf reacting with whole mab ii-481 and 88-s, as well as with their fab, but not their fc, fragments. human monoclonal igm rf isolated f ... | 1991 | 1647772 |
| restriction endonuclease patterns of herpes simplex virus dna: subtyping of hsv-1 and hsv-2 strains from genital and nongenital lesions. | herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) isolates from genital and nongenital infections were submitted to restriction endonuclease analysis for possible genomic changes in relation with the adaptation of the virus to a new site on the body. hsv-1 and hsv-2 strains were successfully divided into two subgroups using the hin c ii restriction enzyme. no correlation was found, however, between the proposed genomic subtypes h1a, h1b, h2a and h2b, and the genital or nongenital origin of the hs ... | 1991 | 1647930 |
| a system, using neural cell lines, to characterize hsv-1 vectors containing genes which affect neuronal physiology, or neuronal promoters. | among the potential uses of defective herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) vectors are to study neuronal physiology, neuronal gene regulation, and to perform gene therapy of neuronal diseases. the prototype hsv-1 vector, phsvlac, stably expresses escherichia coli beta-galactosidase from the hsv-1 immediate early (ie) 4/5 promoter in cultured rat peripheral and cns neurons, and in neurons in the adult rat brain. the lacz gene and the ie 4/5 promoter in phsvlac can be replaced with genes which affect neur ... | 1991 | 1648153 |
| reactivatable latency of three avirulent strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 after intranasal inoculation in mice. | in order to elucidate the mechanism of latent infection of herpes simplex virus (hsv), reactivatable latency of three avirulent strains (sko-1b, -gcr miyama, ska) of hsv type 1 was comparatively examined in a mouse latency model. the sko-1b strain showed high rate of virus reactivation from explanted trigeminal ganglia without n-butyrate enhancement, while the other two strains showed a very low rate of virus reactivation in the absence of n-butyrate. in the presence of n-butyrate, however, the ... | 1991 | 1648298 |
| herpes and human ribonucleotide reductases. inhibition by 2-acetylpyridine 5-[(2-chloroanilino)-thiocarbonyl]-thiocarbonohydrazone (348u87). | the mode of inactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and human ribonucleotide reductases by 2-acetylpyridine 5-[(2-chloroanilino)-thiocarbonyl]-thiocarbonohydrazone++ + (348u87) was determined and compared to that described previously [porter et al. biochem pharmacol 39: 639-646, 1990] for 2-acetylpyridine 5-[(dimethylamino)thiocarbonyl]-thiocarbonohydrazone (a1110u). 348u87 inactivated herpes ribonucleotide reductase faster than did a1110u. moreover, iron-complexed 348u87 was a considerably ... | 1991 | 1648925 |
| leukoregulin, a novel cytokine enhances the anti-herpesvirus actions of acyclovir. | leukoregulin is a naturally occurring immunologic cytokine which increases membrane permeability and drug uptake in tumor cells but not in normal cells. in this paper we show that leukoregulin also increases membrane permeability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cells. more importantly, we demonstrate that leukoregulin significantly enhances the ability of acyclovir (acycloguanosine, acv) to inhibit the cellular release of infectious hsv-1. the ability of 1-100 microm acv to inhib ... | 1991 | 1649027 |
| [monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex viruses antigens--specificity and utility in rapid serotyping of clinical isolates]. | sixteen hybridomas secreting antibodies to hsv-1 and 22 hybridomas secreting antibodies to hsv-2 were derived from fusion of sp2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with each respective virus. four of the former 16 hybridomas and seven of the latter 22 hybridomas were subcloned and injected into pristane-primed mice to obtain high titers of monoclonal antibodies. antigen specificity of these monoclonal antibodies were determined by the western blotting (wb) assay. two ou ... | 1991 | 1649232 |
| divergent molecular pathways of productive and latent infection with a virulent strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. | mutants of herpes simplex virus (hsv) have been used to show that a variety of key genes associated with initiation of lytic infection or replication of viral dna are not essential for establishment of latency. these observations are extended in the present study, in which a virulent strain of hsv type 1 that is not compromised in its ability to productively infect neurons under favorable conditions was used to demonstrate early divergence of molecular pathways leading to productive and latent i ... | 1991 | 1649313 |
| a cellular function can enhance gene expression and plating efficiency of a mutant defective in the gene for icp0, a transactivating protein of herpes simplex virus type 1. | icp0 transactivates herpes simplex virus type 1 genes of all classes as well as a number of heterologous viral and cellular genes, yet it is not essential for virus replication in vitro or in vivo. stocks of icp0 deletion mutants, however, exhibit significantly lower plating efficiencies on standard 24-h-old vero cell monolayers than do stocks of wild-type virus. in an attempt to determine whether the growth status of cells in the monolayer affects the ability of icp0 mutants to initiate plaque ... | 1991 | 1649316 |
| induction of cellular transcription factors in trigeminal ganglia of mice by corneal scarification, herpes simplex virus type 1 infection, and explantation of trigeminal ganglia. | in a mouse model for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency in which the virus was inoculated via the eye after corneal scarification, hsv-1 replicated in corneal epithelial cells and infected the nerve cell endings. hsv-1 reached the trigeminal ganglia by fast axonal transport between 2 and 10 days postinfection (p.i.) and established a latent infection in neuronal cells or replicated and spread to nonneuronal cells. by using in situ hybridization, we showed that cellular transcription fac ... | 1991 | 1649322 |
| oligomer formation of the gb glycoprotein of herpes simplex virus type 1. | oligomer formation of the gb glycoprotein of herpes simplex virus type 1 was studied by sedimentation analysis of radioactively labeled infected cell and virion lysates. fractions from sucrose gradients were precipitated with a pool of gb-specific monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). pulse-labeled gb from infected cell was synthesized as monomers and converted to oligomers posttranslationally. the oligomers from infected cell ... | 1991 | 1649330 |
| analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 oris sequence: mapping of functional domains. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) oris region resides within a 90-bp sequence that contains two binding sites for the origin-binding protein (obp), designated sites i and ii. a third presumptive obp-binding site (iii) within oris has strong sequence similarity to sites i and ii, but no sequence-specific obp binding has yet been demonstrated at this site. we have generated mutations in sites i, ii, and iii and determined their replication efficiencies in a transient in vivo assay in the pre ... | 1991 | 1649335 |
| absence of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides from glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 results in a structurally altered but biologically active protein. | glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus contains three utilized sites (asn-x-ser/thr) for addition of asparagine-linked carbohydrates (n-cho). previously, we used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to alter serine or threonine residues to alanine at each n-cho addition site. studies with monoclonal antibodies showed that a mutant protein lacking all three sites (now designated aaa) was structurally altered because of the amino acid change at residue 96 as well as the absence of the n-cho. ... | 1991 | 1649338 |
| characterization of a recombinant herpes simplex virus which expresses a glycoprotein d lacking asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. | glycoprotein d (gd) is an envelope component of herpes simplex virus essential for virus penetration. gd contains three sites for addition of asparagine-linked carbohydrates (n-cho), all of which are utilized. previously, we characterized mutant forms of herpes simplex virus type 1 gd (gd-1) lacking one or all three n-cho addition sites. all of the mutants complemented the infectivity of a gd-minus virus, f-gd beta, to the same extent as wild-type gd. here, we show that recombinant viruses conta ... | 1991 | 1649339 |
| complementary lethal invasion of the central nervous system by nonneuroinvasive herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | it is well-known that viral thymidine kinase (tk) expression is important for the maximum demonstration of virulence of herpes simplex virus (hsv). in this study, we have investigated interactions of a tk- mutant of virulent hsv type 2 (hsv-2) (syn+) and a nonneuroinvasive hsv-1 (syn) in mice. when the mice were inoculated with each virus alone in their rear footpads, no mice were killed even after infection with high doses of viruses (greater than 10(6) pfu per mouse), whereas 100% of the mice ... | 1991 | 1649347 |
| endogenously produced interferon alpha protects mice from herpes simplex virus type 1 corneal disease. | intravenous (i.v.) injection of u.v. light-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (uv hsv-1) at the time of hsv-1 corneal infection reduced the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response to hsv-1, and significantly reduced the incidence of hsv-1-induced corneal stromal disease in a/j mice. the spread of hsv-1 through the eye after corneal infection, detected using engineered hsv-1 (us3::tn5-lacz) with the lacz gene under the transcriptional control of the viral late gene promoter for glycoprotein c, ... | 1991 | 1649898 |
| latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in normal and alzheimer's disease brains. | a viral aetiology has long been suspected for alzheimer's disease (ad) but until now, techniques have not been sufficiently sensitive to provide clear evidence for or against the presence of any viral genome in ad brain. we have used the very highly sensitive method of polymerase chain reaction to look for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) dna, specifically the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene, in autopsy brain specimens. dna-samples from hsv-infected and uninfected vero cells have been examine ... | 1991 | 1649907 |
| characterization of acute and latent herpes simplex virus infection of dorsal root ganglia in rats. | the characteristics of hsv type-1 infection following subcutaneous inoculation in the dorsum of one hind paw of sprague-dawley rats were studied to determine whether infection in rats might more closely parallel the infection in man than is seen in other animals. the serologic and virologic characteristics of acute and latent ganglion infection conformed to those of human infection. immunohistochemical studies suggested that sensory ganglion infection arose via centripetal axonal migration of vi ... | 1991 | 1649937 |
| synergistic topical therapy by acyclovir and a1110u for herpes simplex virus induced zosteriform rash in mice. | combination therapy with a1110u, an inactivator of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) and the varicella zoster virus ribonucleotide reductase, and acyclovir (acv) was evaluated for treatment of cutaneous herpetic disease in athymic mice infected on the dorsum. in this model, infection with hsv produces a 'zosteriform-like' rash that is first visible on day 3 or 4 post-infection (p.i.) and eventually extends from the anterior mid-line to the dorsal mid-line of the affected flank. in untreated mice, t ... | 1991 | 1650166 |
| the overlapping octamer/taatgarat motif is a high-affinity binding site for the cellular transcription factors oct-1 and oct-2. | the octamer motif in cellular promoters and the related taatgarat element in the herpes simplex virus (hsv) immediate-early promoters can both bind cellular octamer-binding proteins. the overlapping octamer/taatgarat elements (consensus atgctaatgarat) found in the hsv-1 ie1 promoter thus represent a composite motif, each portion of which can independently bind octamer-binding protein. by comparing the binding characteristics of this composite motif with its individual elements, we show that it b ... | 1991 | 1650186 |
| transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus from the cervical vagus to brain neurons with axonal inputs to central vagal sensory nuclei in the rat. | the recent introduction of live viruses as intra-axonal tracing agents has raised questions concerning which central neurons are transneuronally labelled after application of the virus to peripheral organs or peripheral nerves. since the central connections of the vagus nerve have been well described using conventional neuronal tracing agents, we chose to inject herpes simplex virus type 1 into the cervical vagus of the rat. after survival times of up to 3 days the rat brains were processed immu ... | 1991 | 1650433 |
| the herpes simplex virus 1 segment inversion site is specifically cleaved by a virus-induced nuclear endonuclease. | nuclear extracts from several tissue culture cell lines (human, primate, and murine) contain an endonuclease that specifically cleaves sequences at the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) segment inversion site. mapping studies identified the preferential site of cleavage as a set of tandemly repeated dodecamers, the dr2 repeats. endonuclease levels vary according to the proliferative state of the cell; little or no activity is detectable in extracts from quiescent cells, whereas high levels are expr ... | 1991 | 1650468 |
| cis-trans-isomerization of [e]-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2,2'-anhydrouridine in vivo in rats. | 1. [e]-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2,2'-anhydrouridine [( e]bvanur) has considerable antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). 2. [e]bvanur is not a substrate of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases, but it is an inhibitor of uridine phosphorylase (ki = 450 nm). 3. [e]bvanur (trans-isomer, parent compound) undergoes isomerization to [z]bvanur (cis-isomer), the only metabolite in rat, which was identified by h.p.l.c., mass spectra and n.m.r. spectroscopy. 4. absorption of the drug from ... | 1991 | 1650515 |
| a review of the molecular mechanism of hsv-1 latency. | the neurotropic herpes viruses, as typified by herpes simplex virus type 1, are noted for their ability to form latent infections. the latent infection differs from the acute infection both in gene expression and the physical state of the viral genome. latency can be divided into several stages--establishment, maintenance of reactivation--each of which are active areas of research. this review describes the molecular biology of hsv-1 latency and presents the current level of understanding of the ... | 1991 | 1650659 |
| efficacy of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine in the therapy of tk+ and tk- herpes simplex virus experimental keratitis. | the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogue pmea [9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine] is a broad spectrum antiviral agent effective against dna viruses and retroviruses. it is particularly active against the human immunodeficiency virus and, like other phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives, it also inhibits hsv-1, tk- hsv-1 and hsv-2. we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of pmea in the hsv-1 and tk- hsv-1 experimental keratitis models using bvdu (bromovinyldeoxyuridine) as the reference comp ... | 1991 | 1650660 |
| the development of corneal edema in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected rabbits following termination of therapy for corneal stromal disease. | one complication of combined antiviral/corticosteroid therapy for herpetic stromal disease in patients is rebound of disease upon termination of therapy. to develop a model of steroid rebound, rabbits were injected intrastromally with 10(3) pfu of hsv-1 (re strain). therapy with 1% trifluorothymidine (f3tdr) alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents was initiated 7 days post-infection, at a time when epithelial disease had reached its peak and corneal thickness had begun to increase. ... | 1991 | 1650661 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus dna sequences in corneal transplant recipients by polymerase chain reaction assays. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were used to amplify herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase (tk) sequences in dna extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded corneas of patients undergoing corneal transplantation. pcr reamplification with an internal (nested) set of primers was required for detection in 10 of the 12 positive corneas indicating very low abundance of viral sequences. three of the positive corneal samples were from failed corneal grafts. overall, tk sequen ... | 1991 | 1650662 |
| emergence of cross-resistant herpes simplex virus following topical drug therapy in rabbit keratitis. | the acquisition of drug resistance in vivo was investigated by 7 serial passages (from p0 to p7) of herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) in rabbit cornea treated with either iudr (idoxuridine), idc (idoxycytidine), acv (acyclovir), tft (trifluridine), or ara a (adenine arabinoside). therapeutic failure was acquired gradually: at p3 for iudr, at p4 for acv and at p5 for tft. at p7, viral thymidine kinase (tk) activity was reduced to 5.6% of the parental strain for iudr, to 7.5% for acv and to 4.6% for tf ... | 1991 | 1650663 |
| protective effect of anti-glycoprotein d antibody on herpetic chorioretinitis in newborn rabbits. | subcutaneous injection of type 2 herpes simplex virus (hsv-2) (10(3) pfu) to newborn rabbits produced severe skin lesions and wide dissemination of the virus to various organs including the eye. ocular lesions were characterized by retinal folds and choroiditis. hsv could be isolated from mononuclear cells (mncs) of infected animal blood. newborn rabbits treated with monoclonal antibody (mab) against glycoprotein d (gd) of hsv on days 0, 2 and 4 postinfection had little or no skin lesions (0.0-2 ... | 1991 | 1650664 |
| ocular acyclovir delivery by collagen discs: a mouse model to screen anti-viral agents. | discs 1.6 mm in diameter trephined from corneal collagen shields were used to deliver acyclovir (acv) to the cornea of mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). in the first minute after application to the cornea, there was a 23% decrease of acv in the discs. after the first minute, acv clearance from the discs appeared to be exponential with a half-life of 21 minutes. treatment given 3 times a day reduced hsv-1 titer in tear film, corneal tissue, and trigeminal ganglia. this ani ... | 1991 | 1650665 |
| combined anti-herpes virus activity of nucleoside analogs and interferon. | addition of interferon (ifn) to nucleoside analog therapy for herpetic keratitis has been shown to significantly increase the efficacy of therapy compared to nucleoside alone. we have analysed several nucleoside analogs and recombinant ifn-alpha 2 to determine which combinations have increased anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) activity. synergistic anti-hsv activity between ifn-alpha 2 and the acyclic guanosine analogs, acyclovir (acv) and ganciclovir (dhpg), was demonstrated in cytopathic ... | 1991 | 1650669 |
| ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of herpes simplex virus (type 1) in trigeminal ganglion neurons. | four days after corneal inoculation of mice with herpes simplex (type 1) virus (hsv), infected trigeminal ganglion cells with and without calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) antigenicity were examined by electron microscopy in sections treated with colloidal gold labeled antibodies. cells that contain cgrp were identified by the dense gold labeling of small vesicles about 100 nm in diameter. adjacent thin sections were stained using an indirect colloidal gold immunocytochemical technique to r ... | 1991 | 1650670 |
| differences in the capacity of two herpes simplex virus isolates to spread from eye to brain map to 1610 base pairs of dna found in the gene for dna polymerase. | a intertypic recombinant, designated hsv-r(d1), had previously been generated from non-neuroinvasive hsv-2(186) and neuroinvasive hsv-1(17). although the recombinant contained less than 2% of the hsv-1 genome, it retained the neuroinvasive phenotype. the nucleotide sequences responsible for the neuroinvasiveness of hsv-r(d1) were previously mapped to a 3.0 kb segment of dna located within the dna polymerase gene (mu 0.414 to 0.430) via marker rescue experiments. we have now sequenced this region ... | 1991 | 1650671 |
| evidence endogenous interferon production contributed to the lack of ocular virulence of an hsv intertypic recombinant. | an intertypic recombinant isolated from rabbit kidney cells following co-transfection of hsv-1(17) and hsv-2(186) dna failed to induce overt ocular pathology when inoculated onto the murine sacrificed cornea at concentrations as high as 10(7) pfu per eye. in contrast, both parents induced corneal disease at a 1000-fold lower dose. the reason(s) for the failure of the intertypic recombinant, designated ro25x, to induce corneal pathology was investigated. it was found that the recombinant was 100- ... | 1991 | 1650672 |
| an analysis of the subpopulations in draining lymph node cells and mhc antigen induction in murine herpetic keratitis. | the protective role of t cell subsets in corneal herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection has been studied. however, the relative contribution of, and the role played by, each particular t cell subset still remain a controversial issue. we studied sequentially the appearance of major histocompatibility (mhc) and viral antigens in hsv-1 infected corneas of balb/c mice and related them to induction of t cell subsets in local lymph nodes and corneal lesions. immunohistochemical study has revea ... | 1991 | 1650673 |
| herpetic stromal keratitis in mice: less reversibility in the presence of langerhans cells in the central cornea. | infection on the snout with hsv-1 in mice with normal corneas produced a mild ocular disease, characterized by a zosteriform skin lesion around the eye, enlargement of the pupil, hyperemia of the iris and, sporadically, transient keratitis. by contrast, snout infection after prior cauterization of the cornea induced significantly more frequent and more severe corneal disease, in which keratitis was usually permanent. corneal cauterization also produced increased numbers of langerhans cells in th ... | 1991 | 1650675 |
| acaid requires early replication of hsv-1 in the injected eye. | after uniocular anterior chamber inoculation of the kos strain of hsv-1 in balb/c mice, acute retinal necrosis develops in the uninoculated eye. these mice exhibit suppression of virus-specific delayed hypersensitivity which is the hallmark of anterior chamber associated immune deviation (acaid). in contrast, inoculation of c57bl/6 mice with kos induces vigorous virus-specific dth, and there is no retinal necrosis in the uninoculated eye. we performed experiments using rh116, a mutant of kos and ... | 1991 | 1650676 |
| evidence that precursor cytotoxic t cells mediate acute necrosis in hsv-1-infected retinas. | following uniocular anterior chamber injection of hsv-1 (kos) in balb/c and a/j mice, it is paradoxical that (a) acute retinal necrosis (arn) develops only in the uninjected eyes, and (b) arn occurs only in mice that are immunocompetent, event though these mice invariably display anterior chamber associated immune deviation (acaid), wherein delayed hypersensitivity to hsv antigens is grossly impaired. previous studies have revealed that arn develops only if the titer of infectious virus in the c ... | 1991 | 1650677 |
| influence of the helper virus on expression of beta-galactosidase from a defective hsv-1 vector, phsvlac. | defective herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) vectors can deliver genes into both mitotic and postmitotic cells, including neurons and these vectors, therefore, have great potential use. phsvlac, the prototype hsv-1 vector, expresses the e. coli lac z gene from the hsv-1 immediate early 4/5 promoter. phsvlac can stably express beta-galactosidase in a range of mammalian cell lines and in neurons from throughout the nervous system, both in culture and in the adult rat brain. thus, hsv-1 vectors ma ... | 1991 | 1650784 |
| identification and mapping of the ul56 gene transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain hfem is apathogenic for tree shrews and mice by the intraperitoneal application route. this is due to a 4.1 kbp deletion [0.762 to 0.789 map units (mu)] within the bamhi dna fragment b of the viral genome. with exception of 71 bp the dna sequences of the deleted region are located within the repetitive dna sequences of the inverted repeat of the l segment of the hsv-1 genome (irl). a 1.5 kb rna hybridizing to the dna sequences of the hsv-1 genome at ... | 1991 | 1651032 |
| neurovirulent strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 are not necessarily competent for reactivatable latency. | ability of two neurovirulent strains (f and +gc (lpv) miyama) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) to establish and maintain reactivatable latency in trigeminal ganglia (tg) was compared after intranasal inoculation of mice. the +gc (lpv) miyama strain showed a very low rate of virus reactivation in explant cultures of tg, while the f strain showed a high rate of reactivation. these data indicate that neurovirulent strains of hsv-1 are not always competent for reactivatable latency, although m ... | 1991 | 1651044 |
| a mutation in the ectodomain of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b causes defective processing and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. | herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) is one of several envelope glycoproteins required for virion infectivity and is the only one known to oligomerize into homodimers. to study the conformational constraints for translocation of hsv-1 gb to the surface of eukaryotic cells, we analyzed the transport through the exocytic pathway of the wild-type glycoprotein and of mutant forms with insertions in the ectodomain and intracellular carboxy terminus. transient expression of the glycoprot ... | 1991 | 1651591 |
| transactivation by herpes simplex virus proteins icp4 and icp0 in vaccinia virus infected cells. | vaccinia virus recombinants containing the sequences from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encoding the immediate early (ie)(alpha) proteins icp4 and icp0, under the control of a mutated vaccinia virus 11k late promoter, were constructed. a cdna copy of the gene encoding icpo and an icp4-encoding genomic segment were each inserted into the vaccinia virus genome at the thymidine kinase (tk) locus by homologous recombination. steady-state analyses revealed that rnas homologous to the ie-0 and i ... | 1991 | 1651605 |
| surfactant protein a is opsonin in phagocytosis of herpes simplex virus type 1 by rat alveolar macrophages. | in the present study we used flow cytometry to investigate the phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled herpes simplex virus type 1 (fitc-hsv-1) by rat alveolar macrophages and the effects of surfactant protein a (sp-a) on this process. the phagocytosis of fitc-hsv-1 by alveolar macrophages, which was studied as a model for virus phagocytosis in general, was strongly enhanced in the presence of sp-a. the sp-a-mediated phagocytosis was time and concentration dependent, reaching a maxima ... | 1991 | 1651668 |
| fine mapping and characterization of the syn 6 locus in the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome. | the syncytial mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), hsv-1(13) s11, which carries three distinct syncytial mutations, syn 1, syn 5 and syn 6, was described previously. syn 1 maps to the bamhi l fragment, map units (m.u.) 0.707 to 0.745; syn 5 is located within the bamhi q fragment, m.u. 0.296 to 0.317; syn 6 lies in the junction fragment bamhi sp, m.u. 0.81 to 0.85. although syn 1 of hsv-1(13) s11 seems to be homologous to that of hsv-1(mp) and other syncytial mutants, and syn 5 has been ... | 1991 | 1651990 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 3-substituted derivatives of 3,9-dihydro-9-oxo-5h-imidazo[1,2-a]purines, tricyclic analogues of acyclovir and ganciclovir. | 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (acyclovir, 1a) and 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine (dhpg, ganciclovir, 1b) were transformed to their respective tricyclic derivatives, 3-substituted 3,9-dihydro-9-oxo-5h-imidazo[1,2-a]purines 2b, 3a, and 3b. the 6-methyl-substituted compound 2b was obtained following reaction of 1b with bromoacetone. a two-step approach via 1-(2,2-diethoxyethyl) intermediates 4a,b was the most effective for the preparation of the derivatives unsubstituted in the app ... | 1991 | 1652016 |
| 5-(5-bromothien-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-(5-chlorothien-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine are equipotent to (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine in the inhibition of herpes simplex virus type i replication. | 2'-deoxyuridines with a five-membered heterocyclic substituent in the 5-position were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine with the activated heteroaromatics. further modification of the compound with the 5-thien-2-yl substituent gave 5-(5-bromothien-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-(5-chlorothienyl-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine. both compounds show potent and selective activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus. | 1991 | 1652017 |
| synthesis and anticancer and antiviral activities of various 2'- and 3'-methylidene-substituted nucleoside analogues and crystal structure of 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine hydrochloride. | various 2'- and 3'-methylidene-substituted nucleoside analogues have been synthesized and evaluated as potential anticancer and/or antiviral agents. among these compounds, 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidene-5-fluorocytidine (22) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine (23) not only demonstrated potent anticancer activity in culture against murine l1210 and p388 leukemias, sarcoma 180, and human ccrf-cem lymphoblastic leukemia, producing ed50 values of 1.2 and 0.3 microm, 0.6 and 0.4 microm, 1.5 and 1.5 microm, ... | 1991 | 1652024 |
| a novel strategy for converting recombinant viral protein into high immunogenic antigen. | interleukin 2 (il-2) is a lymphokine promoting immune response and therefore has been investigated as an immunological adjuvant. in order to enhance the immunogenicity of recombinant viral protein, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein d (gd), we genetically created a fusion protein consisting of gd and human il-2. the fusion protein, without any other adjuvants, induced high antibody responses and cell-mediated immunity to hsv-1 in mice. mice immunized with the fusion protein were pr ... | 1991 | 1652468 |
| an outbreak of herpes gladiatorum at a high-school wrestling camp. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has been identified as a cause of cutaneous or ocular infection among athletes involved in contact sports; in this context it is known as herpes gladiatorum. in july 1989, we investigated an outbreak among 175 high-school wrestlers attending a four-week intensive-training camp. cases of infection were identified by review of medical records, interview and examination of the wrestlers, and culture of skin lesions. oropharyngeal swabs were obtained for hsv-1 cul ... | 1991 | 1652687 |
| inability of enzyme immunoassays to discriminate between infections with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | to determine the accuracy of three commercial enzyme immunoassays in detecting and subtyping antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. | 1991 | 1652909 |
| inhibition of dna synthesis in varicella-zoster virus-infected cells by bv-arau. | the inhibitory effect of bv-arau on dna synthesis in human embryonic lung cells infected with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) or herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was compared with that of acyclovir. cellular uptake of [3h]thymidine and its incorporation into dna was markedly stimulated by the infection with vzv or hsv-1, suggesting that the incorporation was mainly due to viral dna synthesis. dna synthesis in vzv-infected cells was dose-dependently suppressed by bv-arau and acyclovir, although c ... | 1991 | 1653394 |
| analysis of herpes simplex virus-induced mrna destabilizing activity using an in vitro mrna decay system. | most host mrnas are degraded soon after infection of cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). this early shutoff or early destabilization response is induced by a virion component, the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein. hsv-1 mutants, vhs1 and vhs-delta sma, which produce defective or inactive vhs protein, fail to induce early shutoff. we have used an in vitro mrna decay system to analyze the destabilization process. polysomes from uninfected human erythroleukemia cells, used as a source ... | 1991 | 1653415 |