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complete genome sequences of classical swine fever virus strains isolated from wild boars in south korea.classical swine fever is a disease that is devastating the pig industry worldwide. here, we report the complete genome sequences of two classical swine virus strains (yc11wb and pc11wb), isolated from korean wild boars in 2011. both strains belong to subgenotype 2.1b. the complete genome sequences of pc11wb and yc11wb are more similar to that of strain zj0801 (isolated in china) than to that of the sw03 strain isolated from domestic pigs in south korea.201323599291
prevalence of african swine fever virus in apparently healthy domestic pigs in uganda.african swine fever (asf) is a contagious viral disease which can cause up to 100% mortality among domestic pigs leading to serious socio-economic impact on people's livelihoods. asf is endemic in uganda and there is paucity of information on the epidemiology of the disease. the major aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and prevalence of african swine fever virus (asfv) in apparently healthy slaughter pigs at wambizi slaughterhouse in kampala city, uganda. we also estimated the ...201324369729
pathogenesis of highly virulent african swine fever virus in domestic pigs exposed via intraoropharyngeal, intranasopharyngeal, and intramuscular inoculation, and by direct contact with infected pigs.to investigate the pathogenesis of african swine fever virus (asfv), domestic pigs (n=18) were challenged with a range (10(2)-10(6) 50% hemadsorbing doses (had50)) of the highly virulent asfv-malawi strain by inoculation via the intraoropharyngeal (iop), intranasopharyngeal (inp), or intramuscular (im) routes. a subsequent contact challenge experiment was performed in which six iop-inoculated donor pigs were allowed to have direct contact (dc) with six naïve pigs for exposure times that varied f ...201324076499
comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of african swine fever virus: proposal for a new classification and molecular dating of the virus.african swine fever (asf) is a highly lethal disease of domestic pigs caused by the only known dna arbovirus. it was first described in kenya in 1921 and since then many isolates have been collected worldwide. however, although several phylogenetic studies have been carried out to understand the relationships between the isolates, no molecular dating analyses have been achieved so far. in this paper, comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions were made using newly generated, publicly available s ...201323936068
comparison of african swine fever virus prevalence and risk in two contrasting pig-farming systems in south-west and central kenya.we describe a horizontal survey of african swine fever virus (asfv) prevalence and risk factors associated with virus infection in domestic pigs in two contrasting production systems in kenya. a free range/tethering, low input production system in ndhiwa district of south-western kenya is compared with a medium input stall fed production system in kiambu district of central kenya. analysis of variance (anova) of data derived from cluster analysis showed that number of animals, number of breeding ...201323219357
cellular immunity in asfv responses.african swine fever virus (asfv) infection usually results in an acute haemorrhagic disease with a mortality rate approaching 100% in domestic pigs. however, pigs can survive infection with less-virulent isolates of asfv and may become chronically infected. surviving animals are resistant to challenge with homologous or, in some cases, closely related isolates of the virus indicating that pigs can develop protective immunity against asfv. during asymptomatic, non-virulent asfv infections natural ...201323201582
african swine fever virus controls the host transcription and cellular machinery of protein synthesis.throughout a viral infection, the infected cell reprograms the gene expression pattern in order to establish a satisfactory antiviral response. african swine fever virus (asfv), like other complex dna viruses, sets up a number of strategies to evade the host's defense systems, such as apoptosis, inflammation and immune responses. the capability of the virus to persist in its natural hosts and in domestic pigs, which recover from infection with less virulent isolates, suggests that the virus disp ...201323154157
african swine fever virus eradication in africa.african swine fever was reported in domestic pigs in 26 african countries during the period 2009-2011. the virus exists in an ancient sylvatic cycle between warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) and argasid ticks of the ornithodoros moubata complex in many of the countries reporting outbreaks and in two further countries in the region. eradication of the virus from the countries in eastern and southern africa where the classic sylvatic cycle occurs is clearly not an option. however, the virus has be ...201323142552
review of the sylvatic cycle of african swine fever in sub-saharan africa and the indian ocean.african swine fever (asf) is a major limiting factor for pig production in most of the countries in sub-saharan africa and the indian ocean. in the absence of vaccine, a good understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of the disease is fundamental to implement effective control measures. in selected countries of southern and east africa, the association between ornithodoros moubata ticks and warthogs has been described in detail in the literature. however, for many other countries in the regi ...201323142551
african swine fever virus serodiagnosis: a general review with a focus on the analyses of african serum samples.african swine fever (asf) is an infectious disease that causes heavy mortality in domestic pigs. at present there is no vaccine against asf, and eradication in countries where the disease is endemic is based only on competent diagnosis programs and the sacrifice of infected animals. due to the presence of natural attenuated strains, certain infection conditions may result in reduced mortality. in these situations, the disease can be diagnosed by detection of specific antibodies. the use of class ...201323131491
african swine fever virus infection in ornithodoros ticks.african swine fever virus (asfv) is an arbovirus which is vectored by soft ticks of the ornithodoros spp. and in the sylvatic cycle infects wart hogs and bush pigs. asfv infection of domestic swine causes a high mortality disease. on the other hand, asfv infection of the tick can result in a high-titered and persistent infection depending upon the asfv isolate and the tick combination. recently, morphological, classical virology (titration) and recombinant asfv have been used to study the cellul ...201323085123
development of a suspension microarray for the genotyping of african swine fever virus targeting the snps in the c-terminal end of the p72 gene region of the genome.african swine fever virus (asfv) causes one of the most dreaded transboundary animal diseases (tads) in suidae. african swine fever (asf) often causes high rates of morbidity and mortality, which can reach 100% in domestic swine. to date, serological diagnosis has the drawback of not being able to differentiate variants of this virus. previous studies have identified the 22 genotypes based on sequence variation in the c-terminal region of the p72 gene, which has become the standard for categoriz ...201322776009
two newly developed e(rns)-based elisas allow the differentiation of classical swine fever virus-infected from marker-vaccinated animals and the discrimination of pestivirus antibodies.new generations of classical swine fever virus (csfv) marker vaccines have recently been developed in order to make emergency vaccination in case of a csf outbreak more feasible. however, the application of a marker vaccine is dependent on the availability of an accompanying discriminatory test allowing differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva). cp7_e2alf, the most promising live marker vaccine candidate currently available, is a genetically modified bovine viral diarrhea virus ...201322902189
immunogenicity and safety of a natural rough mutant of brucella suis as a vaccine for swine.the objective of the current study was to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity and clearance of the natural rough mutant of brucella suis strain 353-1 (353-1) as a vaccine in domestic swine. in three studies encompassing 105 animals, pigs were inoculated with 353-1 by conjunctival (5 × 10(7) cfu) or im (1-2 × 10(10) cfu) routes. clearance, tissue distribution, and pathology of the vaccine strain were determined by periodic blood culture, collection of tissues at periodic necropsy times after vacc ...201323659743
too fresh is unattractive! the attraction of newly emerged nicrophorus vespilloides females to odour bouquets of large cadavers at various stages of decomposition.the necrophagous burying beetle nicrophorus vespilloides reproduces on small carcasses that are buried underground to serve as food for their offspring. cadavers that are too large to bury have previously been postulated to be important food sources for newly emerged beetles; however, the attractiveness of distinct successive stages of decomposition were not further specified. therefore, we investigated the potential preference of newly emerged n. vespilloides females for odour bouquets of pigle ...201323516497
carbon dioxide-contrasted computed tomography angiography: high pitch protocols and adapted injection parameters improve imaging quality.to systematically investigate the impact of image acquisition and contrast injection parameters for co2-enhanced ct angiography (cta) of the aorto-iliac and peripheral arteries in a pig model using commercially available equipment. the aim was to establish an imaging protocol that is ready for use in human subjects.201323196833
similar growth plate morphology in stapling and tension band plating hemiepiphysiodesis: a porcine experimental histomorphometric study.the tension band plating technique for hemiepiphysiodesis is new and advocated because it is believed to reduce the risk of premature closure of the growth plate compared to stapling. the benefit of the tension band plating technique has not yet been proven in experimental or randomized clinical studies. ten weeks old domestic pigs in two randomized, paired studies were used. right proximal tibia was randomized to medial epiphysiodesis by either stapling or tension band plating. left side receiv ...201323192490
pig domestication and human-mediated dispersal in western eurasia revealed through ancient dna and geometric morphometrics.zooarcheological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated in southwest asia ~8,500 bc. they then spread across the middle and near east and westward into europe alongside early agriculturalists. european pigs were either domesticated independently or more likely appeared so as a result of admixture between introduced pigs and european wild boar. as a result, european wild boar mtdna lineages replaced near eastern/anatolian mtdna signatures in europe and subsequently replaced indigenous dome ...201323180578
domestication does not narrow mhc diversity in sus scrofa.the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a multigene family of outstanding polymorphism. mhc molecules bind antigenic peptides in the peptide-binding region (pbr) that consists of five binding pockets (p). in this study, we compared the genetic diversity of domestic pigs to that of the modern representatives of their wild ancestors, the wild boar, in two mhc loci, the oligomorphic dqa and the polymorphic drb1. mhc nucleotide polymorphism was compared with the actual functional polymorphism ...201323239371
effect of rescue breathing during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on lung function after restoration of spontaneous circulation in a porcine model of prolonged cardiac arrest.the destruction of the pulmonary structure after cardiopulmonary resuscitation may lead to lung function breakdown. the aim of this study was to investigate lung function after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the influence of rescue breathing on lung function.201323269128
nano-crystalline diamond-coated titanium dental implants - a histomorphometric study in adult domestic pigs.promising biomaterial characteristics of diamond-coatings in biomedicine have been described in the literature. however, there is a lack of knowledge about implant osseointegration of this surface modification compared to the currently used sandblasted acid-etched ti-al6-v4 implants. the aim of this study was to investigate the osseointegration of microwave plasma-chemical-vapour deposition (mwp-cvd) diamond-coated ti-al6-v4 dental implants after healing periods of 2 and 5 months. twenty-four mw ...201323266005
septic shock non-thyroidal illness syndrome causes hypothyroidism and conditions for reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone.non-thyroidal illness syndrome (ntis) is part of the neuroendocrine response to stress, but the significance of this syndrome remains uncertain. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced ntis on thyroid hormone (th) levels and th molecular targets, as well as the relationship between septic shock nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells (nf-kb) activation and th receptor β (thrb) gene expression at a multi-tissue level in a pig ...201323296981
apoptotic transcriptional profile remains activated in late remodeled left ventricle after myocardial infarction in swine infarcted hearts with preserved ejection fraction.apoptosis is involved in both acute and chronic loss of cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction (mi). to date, the pathophysiological significance of an apoptotic transcriptional profile activated in the post-ischemic remodeled myocardium, in the absence of hemodynamic factors secondary to left ventricular (lv) dysfunction, still remains to be determined. the mrna expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors was determined in a swine model of non-reperfused mi with preserved lv ejection frac ...201323295943
the impact of early goal-directed fluid management on survival in an experimental model of severe acute pancreatitis.severe acute pancreatitis (sap) remains a life-threatening disease with classic etiology of systemic inflammatory response and mortality between 30 and 50 %. the aim of the present study is to compare two different treatment strategies of goal-directed hemodynamic management and evaluate their impact on survival, microcirculation, tissue oxygenation, and histopathologic damage in acute pancreatitis in a prospective animal study.201323287870
best practices for performing experimental surgery in swine.the authors have extensive experience in surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative care in both miniature and domestic swine in the research setting. this manuscript describes the techniques that have been developed over the last four decades while developing porcine surgical models and their use in translational research. swine are conditioned and socialized during a seven-day period prior to entering into a survival surgical protocol. housing is designed to be nonstressful and accommodate the nee ...201323281597
sem and stereomicroscopic analysis of cut marks in fresh and burned bone.this study documents the prevalence of cut mark characteristics in fresh and burned domestic pig ribs. stab wounds from single edge serrated and smooth-edged knives were inflicted in the vertebral and sternal regions of each fresh rib. each rack of ribs was then divided into vertebral and sternal units. vertebral units were defleshed and their associated cut marks were examined using a stereomicroscope. sternal units were burned in an outdoor fire pit and examined with the addition of a scanning ...201323278902
transdermal delivery of adipocyte-derived stem cells using a fractional ablative laser.chronic wound healing problems can pose a significant clinical challenge. transdermal delivery of adipose-derived stem cells (adsc) may be a possible solution to healing these recalcitrant, debilitating wounds. pretreatment of the skin with a fractionated laser has already been shown to assist transdermal drug delivery both in vitro and in vivo and may be an ideal approach to facilitating delivery of adsc to the target tissue.201323277622
epidemiological overview of african swine fever in uganda (2001-2012).african swine fever (asf) is a contagious viral disease, which can cause up to 100% mortality among domestic pigs. in uganda there is paucity of information on the epidemiology of the disease, hence a study was carried out to elucidate the patterns of asf outbreaks. spatial and temporal analyses were performed with data collected monthly by the district veterinary officers (dvos) and sent to the central administration at maaif from 2001 to 2012. additionally, risk factors and the associated char ...201326464916
computed tomography-based diagnosis of diffuse compensatory enlargement of coronary arteries using scaling power laws.glagov's positive remodelling in the early stages of coronary atherosclerosis often results in plaque rupture and acute events. because positive remodelling is generally diffused along the epicardial coronary arterial tree, it is difficult to diagnose non-invasively. hence, the objective of the study is to assess the use of scaling power law for the diagnosis of positive remodelling of coronary arteries based on computed tomography (ct) images. epicardial coronary arterial trees were reconstruct ...201323365197
fluid resuscitation guided by sublingual partial pressure of carbon dioxide during hemorrhagic shock in a porcine model.to avoid aggressive fluid resuscitation during hemorrhagic shock, fluid resuscitation is best guided by a specific measurement of tissue perfusion. we investigated whether fluid resuscitation guided by sublingual pco2 would reduce the amount of resuscitation fluid without compromising the outcomes of hemorrhagic shock. ten male domestic pigs weighing between 34 and 37 kg were used. forty-five percent of estimated blood volume was removed during an interval of 1 h. the animals were then randomize ...201323364438
a comparison of etanercept vs. infliximab for the treatment of post-arrest myocardial dysfunction in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation.to compare the effects of two tnf-α antagonists, etanercept and infliximab, on post-cardiac arrest hemodynamics and global left ventricular function (lv) in a swine model following ventricular fibrillation (vf).201323313857
focused ultrasound to expel calculi from the kidney: safety and efficacy of a clinical prototype device.focused ultrasound has the potential to expel small stones or residual stone fragments from the kidney, or move obstructing stones to a nonobstructing location. we evaluated the efficacy and safety of ultrasonic propulsion in a live porcine model.201323583535
antegrade side branch access in branched aortic arch endografts: a porcine feasibility study.to describe the deployment technique for a single side branch arch endograft in a porcine model and prove the concept of transseptal or transapical antegrade access for catheterization and introduction of the mating stent-graft.201323581770
feasibility of endoscopic transumbilical thoracic sympathectomy in a porcine model.thoracoscopic sympathectomy is an effective treatment for palmar hyperhidrosis. current methods are associated with risks of chronic neuropathic pain and a visible chest scar. we developed a novel surgical technique for the performance of sympathectomy by embryonic natural orifice transumbilical endoscopic surgery with a flexible endoscope in a porcine model.201323579034
effects of chest compressions on cardiorespiratory function in a non-arrested porcine model.the effects of chest compressions to hemodynamic and respiratory parameters during hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) in a non-arrested patient who suddenly collapses are confusing. in this research, we investigated the effects of chest compressions in a non-arrested porcine model.201323786952
squamous cell carcinoma in an aged german landrace sow (sus scrofa domestica).skin tumors are rarely observed in pigs, and, in particular, only a few cases of squamous cell carcinoma have been reported. the present case report describes the occurrence of a squamous cell carcinoma located in the skin at the center of the udder of a 14-year-old german landrace sow. the tumor was spherical and 17.0 cm in diameter. the tissue of the distal pole had a cauliflowerlike appearance, was black and ulcerated with a malodorous exudation. the sow did not show any signs of reduced gene ...201323758043
the effect of weather conditions on burnt bone fragmentation.this research assesses how weather conditions, such as temperature and rainfall, affect the fragmentation of burnt bone. the recovery of human remains from fatal fire scenes is often hampered by the fragmentary nature of the material, and through understanding how weather factors affect this fragmentation, it may be possible to adjust recovery timelines and protocols to maximise the quantity and quality of condition of the material recovered. these data are also valuable as a baseline for expect ...201323756520
working and reference memory of pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) in a holeboard spatial discrimination task: the influence of environmental enrichment.interest in cognitive research in pigs is increasing, but little is known about the impact of environmental conditions on pigs' cognitive capabilities. the present study investigated the effect of environmental enrichment on cognitive performance of pigs in a holeboard spatial task, in which they had to discriminate four baited buckets out of 16. pigs (n = 32) were either housed in stimulus-poor, barren pens, or in larger pens enriched with rooting substrates. pigs were subjected to 30 holeboard ...201323740471
digestive physiology of the pig symposium: intestinal bile acid sensing is linked to key endocrine and metabolic signaling pathways.bile acids have historically been considered to mainly function in cholesterol homeostasis and facilitate fat digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. recent discoveries show that bile acids also function as signaling molecules that exert diverse endocrine and metabolic actions by activating g protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (gpbar1/g-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 or tgr5), a membrane g protein-coupled receptor, and farnesoid x receptor (fxr), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor ...201323729782
occurrence of osteochondromatosis (multiple cartilaginous exostoses) in a domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus).osteochondromatosis is a condition in which multiple benign, cartilage-capped tumors arise from the surface of bones formed by endochondral ossification. the current report describes the presence of 4 prominent exophytic masses, measuring between 4 and 13 cm in diameter, arising from the surface of the ribs, and located within the thoracic cavity, in a 2-year-old female domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus). histological studies revealed that masses were well-differentiated, cartilage-capped prol ...201323847091
how immunogenetically different are domestic pigs from wild boars: a perspective from single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 19 immunity-related candidate genes.the coexistence of wild boars and domestic pigs across eurasia makes it feasible to conduct comparative genetic or genomic analyses for addressing how genetically different a domestic species is from its wild ancestor. to test whether there are differences in patterns of genetic variability between wild and domestic pigs at immunity-related genes and to detect outlier loci putatively under selection that may underlie differences in immune responses, here we analyzed 54 single-nucleotide polymorp ...201323846851
hepatitis e: a puzzling double-faced disease.viral hepatitis type e is highly endemic in many developing countries, where large water-borne epidemics caused by viral genotype 1 and - to a lesser degree - by genotype 2 cyclically occur, resulting in high morbidity and mortality, especially among pregnant women. in developed countries, the disease is usually diagnosed in travelers coming back from endemic countries, but an increasing number of sporadic locally acquired hepatitis cases caused by genotype 3 and 4 have recently been reported. t ...201323598800
the effect of soil texture on the degradation of textiles associated with buried bodies.there are many factors which affect the rate of decomposition in a grave site including; the depth of burial, climatic conditions, physical conditions of the soil (e.g. texture, ph, moisture), and method of burial (e.g. clothing, wrappings). clothing is often studied as a factor that can slow the rate of soft tissue decomposition. in contrast, the effect of soft tissue decomposition on the rate of textile degradation is usually reported as anecdotal evidence rather than being studied under contr ...201323890657
evaluation of experimental myocardial infarction models via electromechanical mapping and magnetic resonance imaging.the diagnostic characteristics of electromechanical mapping (emm) were evaluated in porcine myocardial infarction (mi) models with the parallel application of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cmri) from the aspect of different pathophysiology and localization. balloon occlusion in the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad balloon group) or coil deployment in the lad (lad coil group) or circumflex artery (cx coil group) was applied percutaneously in 16 domestic pigs. regional left vent ...201323888899
comparative radiographic and resonance frequency analyses of the peri-implant tissue after dental implants placement using flap and flapless techniques: an experimental study on domestic pigs.flapless implant surgery has become very important issue during recent years, mostly thanks to computerization of dentistry and software planning of dental implants placements. the aim of this study was to compare flap and flapless surgical techniques for implant placement through radiographic and radiofrequency analyses.201323885526
dynamics of ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen and ph in gravesoil during the extended postmortem interval.estimating the postmortem interval of skeletal remains is difficult, as few tools exist to do so. to address this problem, we conducted a field experiment to measure the chemistry of swine (sus scrofa domesticus linnaeus) gravesoil after 1 year and 3 years postmortem. carcasses were placed on the soil surface of a pasture during june in a cold (dfa) climate. significant (p < 0.05) increases in ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen, ph, total nitrogen, and nitrate in gravesoil were detected 1 year postmort ...201323879466
seasonal variation of carcass decomposition and gravesoil chemistry in a cold (dfa) climate.it is well known that temperature significantly affects corpse decomposition. yet relatively few taphonomy studies investigate the effects of seasonality on decomposition. here, we propose the use of the köppen-geiger climate classification system and describe the decomposition of swine (sus scrofa domesticus) carcasses during the summer and winter near lincoln, nebraska, usa. decomposition was scored, and gravesoil chemistry (total carbon, total nitrogen, ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen, ammonium, ...201323822087
histopathologic validation of optical coherence tomography findings of non-apposed side-branch struts in porcine arteries.the presence of uncovered struts overlying side branch is considered to be a potential risk of stent thrombosis. the accuracy in detection of neointimal strut coverage at branch point by optical coherence tomography (oct) has not been validated in comparison with histology.201323813068
high-dose erythropoietin during cardiac resuscitation lessens postresuscitation myocardial stunning in swine.we investigated the metabolic and functional myocardial effects of erythropoietin (epo) administered during resuscitation from cardiac arrest using an open-chest pig model of ventricular fibrillation and resuscitation by extracorporeal circulation, after having reported in rats a reversal of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction associated with activation of mitochondrial protective pathways. ventricular fibrillation was induced in 16 male domestic pigs and left untreated for 8 minutes, after ...201323806450
local hemodynamic disturbance accelerates early thrombosis of small-caliber expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts.small-caliber expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (eptfe) grafts cannot be used widely in the clinical situation because of early thrombosis and occlusion. this unsolved and under-recognized problem warrants further investigation.201323703290
classical swine fever.classical swine fever is a serious and economically important transboundary disease threatening pig production globally. the infection may occur in backyard pigs, feral pig populations and domestic pigs. whereas there are proven control strategies for the latter pig population, control in backyard pigs with poor biosecurity settings or in wild boar populations of high density still poses a problem in some parts of the world. laboratory diagnostic methods, efficacious vaccines and contingency pla ...201323689894
disposition and excretion of 14c-ahtn (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) and 14c-hhcb (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyran) after intravenous administration to sprague-dawley rats and domestic pigs.7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ahtn ) and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyran (hhcb) are polycyclic musks widely used as fragrance ingredients in consumer products. because their metabolic fate following systemic exposure is not fully characterized, disposition and excretion of (14)c-ahtn- and (14)c-hhcb-derived radioactivity were studied in sprague-dawley rats and domestic pigs following a single intravenous dose. rats admini ...201323685777
a novel non-vascular system to treat resistant hypertension.to evaluate in a preclinical model the utility of a monopolar electrode catheter delivering radiofrequency (rf) energy placed into the renal pelvis in order to treat resistant hypertension (rh).201323685301
effects of cognitive enrichment on behavioural and physiological reactions of pigs.cognitive enrichment, a special form of environmental enrichment, addresses the cognitive abilities of animals in captivity. through cognitive interaction with the environment, the animals regain a certain control over their environment, and essential resources, such as food or water, act as a reward for successful coping. it is assumed that this process has important implications for animal welfare, especially in the intensive housing systems of farm animals. this study investigates the effects ...201323680428
us-guided application of nd:yag laser in porcine pancreatic tissue: an ex vivo study and numerical simulation.laser ablation (la) with a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (nd:yag) laser is a minimally invasive approach able to achieve a high rate of complete tissue necrosis. in a previous study we described the feasibility of eus-guided nd:yag pancreas la performed in vivo in a porcine model.201323680175
crushed rephased orthogonal slice selection (cross) for simultaneous acquisition of two orthogonal proton resonance frequency temperature maps.to evaluate a novel imaging sequence termed crushed rephased orthogonal slice selection (cross) that uses the available time in long echo time (te) gradient echo (gre) imaging-as employed for proton resonance frequency (prf) shift thermometry-to simultaneously acquire two orthogonal magnetic resonance imaging (mri) temperature maps around the target region.201323677906
cloning changes the response to obesity of innate immune factors in blood, liver, and adipose tissues in domestic pigs.the objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of cloned pigs as porcine obesity models reflecting obesity-associated changes in innate immune factor gene expression profiles. liver and adipose tissue expression of 43 innate immune genes as well as serum concentrations of six immune factors were analyzed in lean and diet-induced obese cloned domestic pigs and compared to normal domestic pigs (obese and lean). the number of genes affected by obesity was lower in cloned animals than in ...201323668862
administration of amiodarone during resuscitation is associated with higher tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the early postarrest period in the swine model of ischemic ventricular fibrillation.to compare the early postarrest inflammatory cytokine response between animals administered amiodarone (amio) and lidocaine (lido) intra-arrest during resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation (vf). domestic swine (n=32) were placed under general anesthesia and instrumented before spontaneous vf was induced by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. after 7 min of vf, standard acls resuscitation was performed and animals were randomized to either bolus amio (5 mg/kg, ...201323659671
[effect of ulinastatin on improving inflammatory response and myocardial and lung tissue injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs].to evaluate the effects of ulinastatin (uti) on improving inflammatory response and myocardial and lung tissue injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) in porcine model.201323648163
serological and molecular investigation of the prevalence of aujeszky's disease in feral swine (sus scrofa) in the subregions of the pantanal wetland, brazil.the feral swine (fs) originated from the domestic pig and is present throughout the brazilian wetland plain (the pantanal). aujeszky's disease (ad) was first serologically confirmed in the state of mato grosso do sul (ms) in 2001; however, there was no viral confirmation. the aim of this study was to investigate antibodies against-suhv-1 in the sera of feral swine in the studied areas, detect suhv-1 through pcr and classify the viral genome. among the 218 animals sampled, 186 were analyzed by el ...201323639473
primary proteasome inhibition results in cardiac dysfunction.the proteasome prevents the intracellular accumulation of proteins and its impairment can lead to structural and functional alterations, as noted for the coronary vasculature in a previous study. utilizing the same model, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that chronic proteasome inhibition (psi) also leads to structural and functional changes of the heart.201323616520
angiotensin receptor blockade has protective effects on the poststenotic porcine kidney.angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs) may induce an acute decrease of glomerular filtration rate (gfr) in the stenotic kidney in renal artery stenosis, but most patients tolerate these drugs well. we hypothesized that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/arbs stabilize stenotic kidney function during prolonged treatment by conferring protective effects. we tested this in control domestic pigs and pigs with renal artery stenosis untreated or treated ...201323615504
cranial nerve threshold for thermal injury induced by mri-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (mrghifu): preliminary results on an optic nerve model.future clinical applications of magnetic resonance imaging-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (mrghifu) are moving toward the management of different intracranial pathologies. we sought to validate the production, safety, and efficacy of thermal injury to cranial nerves generated by mrghifu. in this study, five female domestic pigs underwent a standard bifrontal craniectomy under general anesthesia. treatment was then given using an mrghifu system to induce hyperthermic ablative sonication ...201323549530
successive and conditional discrimination learning in pigs.we studied the ability of pigs to discriminate tone cues using successive and conditional discrimination tasks. pigs (n = 8) were trained in a successive discrimination go/no-go task (experiment 1) to associate a go-cue with a reward at the end of a runway and a no-go-cue with the absence of reward. latency to reach the goal-box was recorded for each cue-type. learning of a conditional discrimination task was compared between low-birthweight (lbw, n = 5) and normal-birthweight (nbw, n = 6) pigs ...201323525688
pig lumbar spine anatomy and imaging-guided lateral lumbar puncture: a new large animal model for intrathecal drug delivery.intrathecal (it) administration is an important route of drug delivery, and its modelling in a large animal species is of critical value. although domestic swine is the preferred species for preclinical pharmacology, no minimally invasive method has been established to deliver agents into the it space. while a "blind" lumbar puncture (lp) can sample cerebrospinal fluid (csf), it is unreliable for drug delivery in pigs. using computed tomography (ct), we determined the underlying anatomical reaso ...201323518340
effects of pretreatment hypothermia during resuscitated porcine hemorrhagic shock.accidental hypothermia increases mortality and morbidity after hemorrhage, but controversial data are available on the effects of therapeutic hypothermia. therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether moderate pretreatment hypothermia would beneficially influence organ dysfunction during long-term, porcine hemorrhage and resuscitation.201323507715
meat from wild boar (sus scrofa l.): a review.wild boar is a species that is utilised for food and sport hunting throughout the world. recent increases in natural populations and the potential of farming wild boars have stimulated interest in this species as a meat producer. compared to domestic pigs, wild boars present a higher degree of carcass fatness and larger loin areas, more slow-twitch oxidative (i) and fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (iia) and less fast-twitch glycolytic (iib) muscle fibres, and darker, less tender and leaner meat ...201323501250
determination of coenzyme q10 tissue status via high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in swine tissues (sus scrofa domestica).swine tissues were used as surrogates for human tissues with coenzyme q10 (coq10) as the primary endogenous quinoid to establish a reliable method for the analysis of total coq10 concentration and redox status using the reduced and oxidized forms of coq9 as internal standards. specimens of frozen swine tissues were disrupted by bead milling using 2-propanol as the homogenization medium supplemented with the internal standards. after hexane extraction, coq10 was analyzed via high-performance liqu ...201323467099
evaluation of the risk of classical swine fever (csf) spread from backyard pigs to other domestic pigs by using the spatial stochastic disease spread model be-fast: the example of bulgaria.the study presented here is one of the very first aimed at exploring the potential spread of classical swine fever (csf) from backyard pigs to other domestic pigs. specifically, we used a spatial stochastic spread model, called be-fast, to evaluate the potential spread of csf virus (csfv) in bulgaria, which holds a large number of backyards (96% of the total number of pig farms) and is one of the very few countries for which backyard pigs and farm counts are available. the model revealed that, d ...201323465838
in vivo and in situ evaluation of a wireless magnetoelastic sensor array for plastic biliary stent monitoring.this paper presents the in vivo and in situ evaluation of a system that wirelessly monitors the accumulation of biliary sludge in a plastic biliary stent. the sensing element, located within the stent, is a passive array of magnetoelastic resonators that is queried by a wireless electromagnetic signal. the in vivo and in situ testing uses commercially-available plastic biliary stents, each enhanced with an array of ribbon sensors (formed from metglas™ 2826 mb). the sensor array is approximately ...201323460136
compressive rib fracture: peri-mortem and post-mortem trauma patterns in a pig model.despite numerous studies on high impact fractures of ribs, little is known about compressive rib injuries. we studied rib fractures from a biomechanical and morphological perspective using 15, 5th ribs of domestic pigs sus scrofa, divided into two groups, desiccated (representing post-mortem trauma) and fresh ribs with intact periosteum (representing peri-mortem trauma). ribs were axially compressed and subjected to four-point bending in an instron 3339 fitted with custom jigs. morphoscopic anal ...201323453778
initial in vivo experience with a novel type of mr-safe pushable coils for mr-guided embolizations.conventional detachable embolization coils are made from platinum or stainless steel and may thus be a magnetic resonance (mr) safety hazard because of resonant device heating. the objective of this experimental study was to assess the feasibility of mr-guided embolization procedures with a novel type of nonmetallic and, therefore, intrinsically mr-safe pushable coil.201323442773
bone response to biomimetic implants delivering bmp-2 and vegf: an immunohistochemical study.this animal study evaluated bone healing around titanium implant surfaces biomimetically coated with bone morphogenic protein-2 (bmp-2) and/or vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) by examining bone matrix proteins and mineralisation. five different implant surfaces were established: acid-etched surface (ae), biomimetic calcium phosphate surface (cap), bmp-2 loaded cap surface, vegf loaded cap surface and dual bmp-2 + vegf loaded cap surface. the implants were inserted into calvariae of adul ...201323434516
shen-fu injection reduces impaired myocardial β-adrenergic receptor signaling after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction has been implicated as a major cause of fatal outcome in patients who survive initially successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr). in our previous study, we found that impaired myocardial β-adrenergic receptor (ar) signaling is a key mechanism in post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and shen-fu injection (sfi) can attenuate post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. however, whether sfi can prevent impaired post-resuscitation myocardial β-ar si ...201323422192
hepatic and splenic stiffness augmentation assessed with mr elastography in an in vivo porcine portal hypertension model.to investigate the influence of portal pressure on the shear stiffness of the liver and spleen in a well-controlled in vivo porcine model with magnetic resonance elastography (mre). a significant correlation between portal pressure and tissue stiffness could be used to noninvasively assess increased portal venous pressure (portal hypertension), which is a frequent clinical condition caused by cirrhosis of the liver and is responsible for the development of many lethal complications.201323418135
the foetal pig pineal gland is richly innervated by nerve fibres containing catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, neuropeptide y (npy) and c-terminal flanking peptide of npy, but it does not secrete melatonin.innervation of the mammalian pineal gland during prenatal development is poorly recognized. therefore, immunofluorescence studies of the pineals of 70- and 90-day-old foetuses of the domestic pig were performed using antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (th), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (dβh), neuropeptide y (npy) and c-terminal flanking peptide of npy (cpon). the investigated glands were supplied by numerous nerve fibres containing th and dβh. the density of these fibres was higher in the distal ...201323408385
early detection of acute mesenteric ischemia using diffusion-weighted 3.0-t magnetic resonance imaging in a porcine model.the aim of this study was to investigate if 3.0-t diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (mri) can be used for early detection of acute occlusive and nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia.201323385397
determination of organ-specific anemia tolerance.utilization of anemia tolerance reduces the need for and risks of perioperative transfusion. recent publications indicate that the critical limit for oxygen supply might not be the same for each organ system. therefore, we investigated the effects of acute dilutional anemia on heart, brain, kidneys, liver, small intestine, and skeletal muscle to quantify organ-specific tolerance of different levels of acute anemic hypoxia. we hypothesized that, in some organs, tissue hypoxia occurs before the cr ...201323385097
ischemic post-conditioning and vasodilator therapy during standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation to reduce cardiac and brain injury after prolonged untreated ventricular fibrillation.we investigated the effects of ischemic postconditioning (ipc) with and without cardioprotective vasodilatory therapy (cvt) at the initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) on cardio-cerebral function and 48-h survival.201323376583
the limit of anemia tolerance during hyperoxic ventilation with pure oxygen in anesthetized domestic pigs.during acellular replacement of an acute blood loss, hyperoxic ventilation (hv) increases the amount of o2 physically dissolved in the plasma and thereby improves o2 supply to the tissues. while this effect could be demonstrated for hv with inspiratory o2 fraction (fio2) 0.6, it was unclear whether hv with pure oxygen (fio2 1.0) would have an additional effect on the physiological limit of acute normovolemic anemia.201324401552
[influence of the depth of retained denatured dermis on the survival rate of grafted skin in burn swine with deep partial-thickness burn].to explore the influence of the thickness of retained denatured dermis on the survival rate of grafted skin in swine with deep partial-thickness burn.201324351536
infrared skin damage thresholds from 1319-nm continuous-wave laser exposures.a series of experiments were conducted in vivo using yucatan miniature pigs (sus scrofa domestica) to determine thermal damage thresholds to the skin from 1319-nm continuous-wave nd:yag laser irradiation. experiments employed exposure durations of 0.25, 1.0, 2.5, and 10 s and beam diameters of ∼0.6 and 1 cm. thermal imagery data provided a time-dependent surface temperature response from the laser. a damage endpoint of fifty percent probability of a minimally visible effect was used to determine ...201324343435
transumbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy in a porcine model.natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (notes) is a new technique. this study describes our initial experience of notes and investigates the feasibility of transumbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy (tuec).201324316742
synthesis of α-collagen fragments and research of their influence on the degree of hydration of a model of epidermis.in recent years the interest into areas of science, such as cosmetology, dermatology, pharmacology or aesthetic medicine has increased significantly. scientists are more frequently looking for ingredients that affect the skin's condition and slow down the aging process. practically every year, the scientists discover a number of new chemical substances (both natural and synthetic) that can be potentially used to manufacture cosmetics.201324278040
porcine hokovirus in domestic pigs, cameroon. 201324274159
post-burning fragmentation of calcined bone: implications for remains recovery from fatal fire scenes.this research assesses how short term delays in time-until-recovery can affect the quality and quantity of burnt bone recovered from a fatal fire scene. knowledge of trends in post-burning remains fragmentation will enable investigators to prioritise remains recovery and implement recovery protocols appropriately. by comparing calcined bone fragments recovered 0, 24, 56 and 168 h (1 week) after experimental burns, this research describes remains fragmentation over time. sus scrofa (domestic pig) ...201324237832
iridescence in meat caused by surface gratings.the photonic structure of cut muscle tissues reveals that the well-ordered gratings diffract light, producing iridescent colours. cut fibrils protruding from the muscle surface create a two-dimensional periodic array, which diffract light at specific wavelengths upon illumination. however, this photonic effect misleads consumers in a negative way to relate the optical phenomenon with the quality of the product. here we discuss the fundamentals of this optical phenomenon and demonstrate a methodo ...201328239133
the expression of mitochondrial, cytoplasmic and extracellular superoxide dismutase in the colonic wall of pigs suffering from swine dysenteria.the expression of 3 types of peroxide dismutase (sod1, sod2 and sod3) was studied with real-time pcr in the colonic wall of domestic pig suffering from swine dysentery. the expression of enzymes was studied separately in the mucosa and the muscular membrane. it was found that in the mucosa the expression of sod1 (cytoplasmic) did not change, while the levels of expression of mitochondrial sod2 and extracellular sod3 were raised in inflamed colon. more dramatic changes were seen in the muscular m ...201324195279
beta radiation for renal nerve denervation: initial feasibility and safety.in small clinical trials, sympathetic renal denervation using radiofrequency (rf) energy shows promise in treating resistant hypertension. however, the rf procedure is lengthy and is associated with pain during ablation. vascular brachytherapy, a proven treatment for in-stent restenosis, has the potential to cause nerve fibrosis. the purpose of the present study was to assess the safety and feasibility of renal artery brachytherapy for sympathetic renal denervation.201324169134
genomic analyses identify distinct patterns of selection in domesticated pigs and tibetan wild boars.we report the sequencing at 131× coverage, de novo assembly and analyses of the genome of a female tibetan wild boar. we also resequenced the whole genomes of 30 tibetan wild boars from six major distributed locations and 18 geographically related pigs in china. we characterized genetic diversity, population structure and patterns of evolution. we searched for genomic regions under selection, which includes genes that are involved in hypoxia, olfaction, energy metabolism and drug response. compa ...201324162736
tissue discrimination by uncorrected autofluorescence spectra: a proof-of-principle study for tissue-specific laser surgery.laser surgery provides a number of advantages over conventional surgery. however, it implies large risks for sensitive tissue structures due to its characteristic non-tissue-specific ablation. the present study investigates the discrimination of nine different ex vivo tissue types by using uncorrected (raw) autofluorescence spectra for the development of a remote feedback control system for tissue-selective laser surgery. autofluorescence spectra (excitation wavelength 377 ± 50 nm) were measured ...201324152930
utility of 64-msct in assessing acute non-reperfused myocardial infarct size.to evaluate the utility of multi-slice computed tomography (msct) in assessing acute non-reperfused myocardial infarct size.201324133512
cerebral blood flow quantification in swine using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling.to develop quantitative cerebral blood flow (cbf) imaging using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pcasl) in swine, accounting for their cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology.201324105693
modeling of the renal kinetics of the at1 receptor specific pet radioligand [11c]kr31173.the radioligand [(11)c]kr31173 has been introduced for pet imaging of the angiotensin ii subtype 1 receptor (at1r). the purpose of the present project was to employ and validate a compartmental model for quantification of the kinetics of this radioligand in a porcine model of renal ischemia followed by reperfusion (ir).201324083243
immediate graft histological assay, post pig's liver transplantation.to describe the vascular and tissue histopathological changes in seven sequential experimental liver transplantations in pigs.201324000062
characterization of microthermal zones induced by fractional radiofrequency using reflectance confocal microscopy: a preliminary study.the microthermal zone (mtz) produced by fractional device have been mostly evaluated through histopathologic analysis. study of ablative type mtz created by fractional device and skin thermal interaction using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (rcm) has been rarely reported.201323996648
growing cava vein anastomosis: comparison of cross-clamping and suture times using vcs metallic clips, interrupted nonabsorbable, or continuous absorbable suturing techniques.the latest generation in titanium clip application systems, the anastoclip vessel closure system (vcs; lemaitre vascular, burlington, ma), allows surgeons to perform vascular anastomosis more easily and faster than conventional sutures. this system may become the option of choice for vascular reconstruction in pediatric surgery where, as in the case transplant surgery, decreasing vascular occlusion times may influence outcome. the aim of this study was to determine whether vcs metallic clips wou ...201323993110
archaeology. european hunter-gatherers dined on domestic pigs. 201323990538
comparative histology and immunohistochemistry of porcine versus human skin.porcine skin is increasingly being employed as a model of human skin in various research fields, including pharmacology, toxicology and immunology, with particular interest in percutaneous permeation and organ transplantation. porcine skin shows several anatomical and physiological similarities, but also some differences, with human skin, but few in depth comparative studies are so far available.201324047577
prediction of volume-responsiveness during one-lung ventilation: a comparison of static, volumetric, and dynamic parameters of cardiac preload.the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of static, volumetric, and dynamic parameters of cardiac preload to predict volume responsiveness during one-lung ventilation (olv).201323972740
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