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mycoplasma genitalium detected by transcription-mediated amplification is associated with chlamydia trachomatis in adolescent women.the clinical significance of mycoplasma genitalium (mg) infection in adolescent women is poorly understood. we compared the prevalence of mg with that of other sexually transmitted organisms such as chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) and assessed the associations of mg with sexual behaviors, genitourinary symptoms, physical and laboratory findings.200818490867
trichomonas vaginalis-induced neutrophil apoptosis causes anti-inflammatory cytokine production by human monocyte-derived macrophages.neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in the vaginal discharge of patients with a trichomonas vaginalis infection. neutrophils have a shorter life span than other leucocytes. our previous study indicated that live t. vaginalis alters mcl-1 expression and caspase-3 activation, thereby inducing apoptosis of human neutrophils. however, it was previously unknown that the apoptotic neutrophils brought about by t. vaginalis can influence vaginal inflammation. thus, human monocyte-de ...200818492033
comparative genomics supports a deep evolutionary origin for the large, four-module transcriptional mediator complex.the multisubunit mediator (med) complex bridges dna-bound transcriptional regulators to the rna polymerase ii (polii) initiation machinery. in yeast, the 25 med subunits are distributed within three core subcomplexes and a separable kinase module composed of med12, med13 and the cdk8-cycc pair thought to control the reversible interaction between med and polii by phosphorylating repeated heptapeptides within the rpb1 carboxyl-terminal domain (ctd). here, med conservation has been investigated ac ...200818515835
exposure to alcohol problems and its association with sexual behaviour and biologically confirmed trichomonas vaginalis among women living with hiv.only a small number of studies have examined the association between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour among women living with hiv, particularly african-american women. the present study examined the association between alcohol problems, sexual behaviour and biologically confirmed sexually transmitted infections (sti) among a sample of predominantly african-american women living with hiv.200818524841
differential soluble protein expression between trichomonas vaginalis isolates exhibiting low and high virulence phenotypes.a comparative analysis of proteomic maps of long-term grown and fresh clinical trichomonas vaginalis isolates exhibiting low and high virulence phenotypes, respectively, was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. of 29 protein spots differentially expressed between the isolates, 19 were over-expressed in the isolate exhibiting high virulence phenotype: proteins associated with cytoskeletal dynamics, such as coronin and several isoforms of actin, as well as pro ...200818541479
anti-trichomonas activity of sapindus saponins, a candidate for development as microbicidal contraceptive.trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease and is caused by the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. in view of increased resistance of the parasite to classical drugs of the metronidazole family, the need for new unrelated agents is increasing. this study evaluates anti-trichomonas activity of sapindus saponins, a component of a herbal local contraceptive consap recently marketed in india.200818544604
trichomonas vaginalis: in vitro survival in swimming pool water samples.in this work it is shown that trichomonas vaginalis remains viable and infective in swimming pool water samples for several hours. after survival, trichomonad cytotoxicity was tested on primary cultures of epithelial cells. it demonstrates that the some trichomonad strains are able to survive in water pools and survival time is dependent on the degree of strain infectivity and also if it is a long term cultured or fresh isolate.200817949719
comparative genomics of transcription factors and chromatin proteins in parasitic protists and other eukaryotes.comparative genomics of parasitic protists and their free-living relatives are profoundly impacting our understanding of the regulatory systems involved in transcription and chromatin dynamics. while some parts of these systems are highly conserved, other parts are rapidly evolving, thereby providing the molecular basis for the variety in the regulatory adaptations of eukaryotes. the gross number of specific transcription factors and chromatin proteins are positively correlated with proteome siz ...200817949725
counteraction during movement of spermatozoa by trichomonas vaginalis observed by visual image analysis: a possible cause of female infertility.to use new medical imaging technology to predict the motility pattern of trichomonas vaginalis within the vagina.200817953953
reproductive tract infections including sexually transmitted infections: a population-based study of women of reproductive age in a rural district of vietnam.to investigate the prevalences of reproductive tract infections (rti)/sexually transmitted infections (sti) among married women in a rural district of vietnam, and analyse the influence of socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and other determinants possibly related to rti/sti.200818003708
induction of human host cell apoptosis by trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteases is modulated by parasite exposure to iron.trichomonas vaginalis is an understudied parasitic organism whose mechanisms of pathogenesis remain unclear. the adherence to host cells, the induction of host cell cytotoxicity and protease activity are all, however, thought to be contributing factors towards the development of the disease. t. vaginalis cp30 is an extracellular fraction containing four cysteine proteases, cp2, cp3, cp4 and cpt that induce apoptosis in primary human vaginal epithelial cells (hvecs) [sommer u, costello ce, hayes ...200818024074
acetate:succinate coa-transferase in the hydrogenosomes of trichomonas vaginalis: identification and characterization.acetate:succinate coa-transferases (asct) are acetate-producing enzymes in hydrogenosomes, anaerobically functioning mitochondria and in the aerobically functioning mitochondria of trypanosomatids. although acetate is produced in the hydrogenosomes of a number of anaerobic microbial eukaryotes such as trichomonas vaginalis, no acetate producing enzyme has ever been identified in these organelles. acetate production is the last unidentified enzymatic reaction of hydrogenosomal carbohydrate metabo ...200818024431
comparative study of epitopes recognized by two monoclonal antibodies that protects mice against trichomonas vaginalis challenge.trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan which infects the urogenital tract of humans. previous studies have demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against a 62 kda proteinase (4d8 and 1a8) decreased cytoadherence of the parasite to epithelial cells in vitro and passive inoculation of mice with two mabs 24 h before the intraperitoneal challenge resulted in different grade of protections to t. vaginalis infection. in the present paper we describe the characterization of the epitop ...200818031741
trichomonas vaginalis harboring mycoplasma hominis increases cytopathogenicity in vitro.the parasite trichomonas vaginalis causes one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infections in humans. mycoplasmas are frequently found with trichomonads but the consequences of this association are not yet known. in the present study, the effects of t. vaginalis harboring m. hominis on human vaginal epithelial cells and on mdck cells are described. the results were analyzed by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as using cell viability assays. there was ...200818040730
trichomonas adhere and phagocytose sperm cells: adhesion seems to be a prominent stage during interaction.tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis are extracellular parasites of the urogenital tract of cattle and humans, respectively. they cause infertility and abortion, but there is no documented information on the susceptibility of bovine sperm cells to this cattle parasite. the aim of this present work was to study the effects provoked by t. foetus and t. vaginalis when in interaction with bovine and human sperm cells. the bovine and human spermatozoa were obtained from uninfected bulls an ...200818043945
a universal combination treatment for vaginitis.we compared a novel vaginal tablet consisting of 100 mg of clotrimazole and 100 mg of metronidazole ('clo-met') to a 100-mg clotrimazole tablet in the treatment of vaginitis.200818057912
the presence of mycoplasma hominis in isolates of trichomonas vaginalis impacts significantly on dna fingerprinting results.the genetic characterization of trichomonas vaginalis (protista: trichomonadidae), the causative agent of trichomoniasis in humans, is central to understanding the epidemiology, treatment, drug resistance, and virulence as well as the diagnosis and control of this parasite. various molecular approaches, including dna fingerprinting, have been employed for this purpose, and random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) continues to be utilized. however, little attention has been paid to the fact ...200818058131
carbodithioic acid esters of fluoxetine, a novel class of dual-function spermicides.carbodithioic acid esters of fluoxetine have been prepared by replacing the methylamino function in aminopropane chain with carbodithioic acid ester group and by adding various s-2-hydroxypropyl ester of dialkyl carbodithioic acid at 3-methylamino group. some of these compounds showed spermicidal, antifungal and anti-trichomonas activities. the study revealed that incorporation of carbodithioic acid residue directly into fluoxetine structure leads to compounds with better antifungal and anti-tri ...200818061311
immunogenic and plasminogen-binding surface-associated alpha-enolase of trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis is a protist that causes the most common human sexually transmitted infection. a t. vaginalis cdna expression library was screened with pooled sera from patients with trichomoniasis. a highly reactive cdna clone of 1,428 bp encoded a trichomonad protein of 472 amino acids with sequence identity to alpha-enolase (tv-eno1). the sequence alignment confirmed the highly conserved nature of the enzyme with 65% to 84% identity among organisms. the expression of tv-eno1 was up-regu ...200818070902
prevalence and predictors of sexually transmitted infection among newly incarcerated females.to examine demographic and behavioral characteristics in incarcerated women to determine which characteristics are associated with prevalent sexually transmitted infections (stis).200818090178
significance of a diagnosis of microorganisms on pap smear.the pap smear has been in use for more than half a century as the primary screening test for preinvasive and invasive lesions of the uterine cervix. although not the primary use and an imperfect test, it can be extremely useful in the diagnosis of some microorganisms. this review focuses on the use of the pap smear in the diagnosis of several microorganisms including actinomyces, chlamydia trachomatis, candida, trichomonas vaginalis, leptothrix vaginalis, herpes simplex virus, the causative agen ...200818162813
a molecular analysis of prokaryotic and viral dna sequences in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer indicates the presence of multiple and diverse microorganisms.inflammation, both acute and chronic, is a common feature of prostate histology. while inflammation has been proposed to play an important role in both benign and malignant growth of the prostate, the stimuli for this inflammation remain poorly characterized. infectious pathogens are potential stimuli for prostatic inflammation.200818163428
prevalence, correlates, and efficacy of selective avoidance as a sexually transmitted disease prevention strategy among african american adolescent females.to identify the prevalence and correlates of selective avoidance (sa) of sexual intercourse among african american adolescent females at risk for sexually transmitted disease (std) acquisition and transmission.200818180414
trichomonas vaginalis in vanuatu.to assess the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in two island populations of vanuatu using the pap smear as the screening technique.200818186718
neonatal respiratory tract involvement by trichomonas vaginalis: a case report and review of the literature.only occasional cases of trichomonas spp. infection have been reported in neonates, and these usually represent vaginal infections with trichomonas vaginalis acquired during passage down the birth canal. we report the case of a 2-week-old girl who was brought by her mother to the children's emergency clinic at our institution for symptoms of lethargy and poor appetite. the neonate was subsequently diagnosed with herpetic encephalitis and developed increasing respiratory difficulty, requiring int ...200818187779
the detection of urethritis pathogens among patients with the male urethritis syndrome, genital ulcer syndrome and hiv voluntary counselling and testing clients: should south africa's syndromic management approach be revised?to determine the prevalence of urethritis pathogens amongst male symptomatic urethritis (mus) patients, genital ulcer (gus) patients without urethritis symptoms and men requesting hiv testing at a voluntary counselling and testing (vct) clinic.200818192290
global epidemiology and control of trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis is the most common curable sexually transmitted infection. despite a number of serious health consequences including facilitation of hiv transmission, pelvic inflammatory disease and adverse outcomes of pregnancy it remains an under-recognized condition. this review aims to update the reader on the global epidemiology and control of t. vaginalis.200818192787
recalcitrant trichomonas vaginalis infections successfully treated with vaginal acidification.recalcitrant vaginal trichomoniasis is extremely distressing for patients and frustrating for physicians because there are no current guidelines for treatment. numerous studies have shown that an increase in vaginal ph creates a better environment for the growth of trichomonas vaginalis. we describe two patients with recalcitrant trichomoniasis who were successfully treated using vaginal acidification.200818198069
kinetic characterization of methionine gamma-lyases from the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica against physiological substrates and trifluoromethionine, a promising lead compound against amoebiasis.methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) (ec 4.4.1.11), which is present in certain lineages of bacteria, plants, and protozoa but missing in mammals, catalyzes the single-step degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids (saas) to alpha-keto acids, ammonia, and thiol compounds. in contrast to other organisms possessing mgl, anaerobic parasitic protists, namely entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis, harbor a pair of mgl isozymes. the enteric protozoon en. histolytica shows various unique aspects i ...200818199285
[microbiological diagnosis of sexually-transmitted infection (2007)].sexually transmitted infections (stis) constitute an important world-wide public health problem. the use of sensitive and specific laboratory methods for diagnosing this condition is crucial to reduce the transmission and sequelae of sti. the present review describes current microbiological methods for the diagnosis of stis. neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis are the pathogens most frequently involved in urethral and cervical infection. culture continues to be the gold standard for ...200818208764
management of trichomonas vaginalis in women with suspected metronidazole hypersensitivity.standard treatment for trichomonas vaginalis is metronidazole or tinidazole. hypersensitivity to these drugs has been documented but is poorly understood. desensitization is an option described in limited reports of women with hypersensitivity to nitroimidazoles. the purpose of this analysis is to improve documentation of management for trichomonas infections among women with metronidazole hypersensitivity.200818221927
the polymicrobial hypothesis of bacterial vaginosis causation: a reassessment.the cause of bacterial vaginosis remains controversial. the two leading hypotheses are that gardnerella vaginalis is the specific aetiologic agent versus the polymicrobial hypothesis that g. vaginalis acts in concert with other bacteria, principally anaerobes, to produce the disease. here we reassess the prevailing polymicrobial hypothesis, finding it conceptually problematical. no host initiating factors as postulated have been identified, nor is there conclusive evidence that g. vaginalis lack ...200818397551
laboratory diagnostics for non-viral sexually transmitted infections in st. petersburg, russia: current situation and hallmarks for improvements.the numbers and performance characteristics of laboratories providing sexually transmitted infection (sti) diagnostic services, as well as the rates of morbidity due to stis in st. petersburg, russia, remain largely unknown.200818410333
trichomonas vaginalis infection: risk indicators among women attending for routine gynecologic examination.trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common agents of sexually transmitted disease, but trichomoniasis is still considered as an infection of minor importance. the aim of this study was to investigate the risk indicators for trichomoniasis in women attending for routine gynecologic examination.200818412787
aza-peptidyl michael acceptors. a new class of potent and selective inhibitors of asparaginyl endopeptidases (legumains) from evolutionarily diverse pathogens.aza-peptide michael acceptors with the general structure of cbz-ala-ala-aasn- trans-ch=chcor are a new class of inhibitors specific for the asparaginyl endopeptidases (ae) (legumains). structure-activity relationships (sars) were characterized for a set of 31 aza-peptide michael acceptors with aes derived from three medically important parasites: the protist trichomonas vaginalis, the hard tick ixodes ricinus, and the flatworm schistosoma mansoni. despite arising from phylogenetically disparate ...200818416543
antenatal lower genital tract infection screening and treatment programs for preventing preterm delivery.preterm birth is birth before 37 weeks' gestation. genital tract infection is one of the causes of preterm birth. infection screening during pregnancy has been used to reduce preterm birth. however, infection screening may have some adverse effects, e.g. increased antibiotic drug resistance, increased costs of treatment.200818425940
ancestral roles of eukaryotic frataxin: mitochondrial frataxin function and heterologous expression of hydrogenosomal trichomonas homologues in trypanosomes.frataxin is a small conserved mitochondrial protein; in humans, mutations affecting frataxin expression or function result in friedreich's ataxia. much of the current understanding of frataxin function comes from informative studies with yeast models, but considerable debates remain with regard to the primary functions of this ubiquitous protein. we exploit the tractable reverse genetics of trypanosoma brucei in order to specifically consider the importance of frataxin in an early branching line ...200818433447
prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among sexually active jordanian females.to determine the prevalence of the most important sexually transmitted infections among women of child bearing age in jordan.200818434942
antitrichomonas igg, igm, iga, and igg subclass responses in human intravaginal trichomoniasis.trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis, is a major nonviral sexually transmitted disease. clinical spectrum varies from an asymptomatic state to mild, moderate, or severe symptoms. however, the exact factors leading to the variations in symptoms have not been well elucidated. host's immune response to the parasite may be playing a role in varied symptomatology. the present study reports antitrichomonas igm, iga, igg and its subclasses in doubling dilutions of seru ...200818437425
early repeated infections with trichomonas vaginalis among hiv-positive and hiv-negative women.the purpose of the study was to examine whether early repeated infections due to trichomonas vaginalis among human immunuodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative women are reinfections, new infections, or cases of treatment failure.200818444815
moving upstream: ecosocial and psychosocial correlates of sexually transmitted infections among young adults in the united states.we determined the associations of ecosocial factors and psychosocial factors with having a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (sti), recent sti diagnoses, and sexual risk behaviors.200818445794
prevalence and correlates of bacterial vaginosis among young women of reproductive age in mysore, india.bacterial vaginosis (bv) is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge among women of childbearing age and is associated with sti/hiv and adverse birth outcomes. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of bv among young women of reproductive age in mysore, india.200818445948
identification of weak points prone for mutation in ferredoxin of trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent for human trichomoniasis, is a problematic sexually transmitted disease mainly in women. at present, metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis is an infrequent but challenging problem with no universally successful treatment. genetic mutation is believed to be an important factor leading to increasing drug resistance. understanding the mutation status will help to design accurate strategies of therapy against mutant strains of t. vaginalis. the author perf ...200818445954
frequency of infectious agents for vaginitis in patients with a cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance.to evaluate the presence of infectious agents for vaginitis in patients with ascus.200818459549
nongonococcal urethritis: new views through the prism of modern molecular microbiology.the rapidly advancing technology of modern molecular microbiology has greatly improved our understanding of the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections and the etiology and pathogenesis of the diseases they cause. it is now clear that mycoplasma genitalium accounts for a significant proportion of nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) cases. dna sequencing of ureaplasma spp has revealed a new species, ureaplasma parvum. this organism may account for much of the colonization observe ...200818462587
perinatal transmission of trichomonas vaginalis: a case report.trichomonas vaginalis infection is associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcome. perinatal transmission of t vaginalis from an infected, untreated, pregnant woman to her female neonate can occur.200818251366
trichomonas vaginalis infection: can we afford to do nothing? 200818275270
factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of trichomonas vaginalis infection among african american women in new york city who use drugs.trichomoniasis vaginalis, the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection, is associated with negative reproductive outcomes and increased hiv transmission and may be overrepresented among african americans.200818275272
trichomonas vaginalis infection and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in african women.trichomoniasis vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection (sti) worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence in regions of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) endemicity. however, its impact as a cofactor for hiv acquisition is poorly understood.200818275275
methyl jasmonate induces cell cycle block and cell death in the amitochondriate parasite trichomonas vaginalis.jasmonates are a group of small lipids produced in plants and function as stress hormones. they are selectively cytotoxic against cancer cells. methyl jasmonate (mj), one of the naturally occurring jasmonates, has direct mitochondriotoxic effects, strongly suggesting that mitochondria are target organelles of jasmonates. we have previously shown that jasmonates are cytotoxic to two human parasites -schistosoma mansoni and plasmodium falciparum. both the cancer cells and the parasites mentioned a ...200818294640
placental histological inflammation and reproductive tract infections in a low risk pregnant population in latvia.to investigate the correlation of reproductive tract infections (rti) and endogenous vaginal flora at first antenatal consultation with placental histological inflammation.200818307078
the prevalence of cervical hpv and cytological abnormalities in association with reproductive factors of rural nigerian women.to estimate the prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) and cytological abnormalities while addressing demographic and reproductive variables in a sample of rural nigerian patients.200818321179
syndromic approach to sexually transmitted infections in tunisian women: bacteriological validation.the world health organization emphasizes an integrated primary care approach using syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections. the objective of our study was to evaluate the quality of care of the syndromic management of sexually transmitted disease in women in rabta hospital in tunisia. algorithms have been developed for: cervicitis due to neisseria gonorrhoeae or chlamydia (algorithm 3a), vaginitis due to trichomonas vaginalis or chlamydia trachomatis (algorithm 3b) and vaginitis ...200818334064
sexually transmitted infections: impact on male fertility.the impact of sexually transmitted diseases (std) on male fertility is strongly dependent on the local prevalence of the stds. in western countries std-infections are of minor relevance. in other regions, i.e. africa or south east asia, the situation appears to be different. acute urethritis could not be associated with male infertility. chronic infections (gonorrhoea) can cause urethral strictures and epididymo-orchitis. chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoea can be transmitted to the f ...200818336453
stability of trichomonas vaginalis dna in urine specimens.trichomonas vaginalis is an important pathogen in both men and women. culture is considered the diagnostic gold standard, although studies have shown that pcr is more sensitive than either culture or wet mount for the diagnosis of t. vaginalis infections. we sought to identify a simple method for stabilizing t. vaginalis dna in urine samples that could be easily applied to molecular testing. the stability of t. vaginalis dna in 40 urine samples was assessed by storage for various times at either ...200818337391
temporal associations with declining trichomonas vaginalis diagnosis rates among women in the state of victoria, australia, 1947 to 2005.to investigate the temporal associations between trichomonas vaginalis (tv) diagnoses in women at a large urban sexual health clinic and a major papanicolaou (pap) smear screening laboratory in victoria, australia with pap smear screening rates and the introduction of nitroimidazole treatments.200818354342
hiv and stis in clients and female sex workers in mining regions of gejiu city, china.to investigate hiv/sexually transmitted infections (stis) among female sex workers (fsws) and clients in a mining region of china.200818354344
genital ulcers and concomitant complaints in men attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic: implications for sexually transmitted infections management.although genital herpes has emerged as the most common cause of genital ulcers in southern africa, treatment for herpes is not available routinely in the region. this study was performed to determine the etiology of genital ulcers in men in durban and assess other sexually transmitted infections-related symptoms, presentation, and treatment patterns in this group.200818356769
risk factors for prevalent and incident trichomonas vaginalis among women attending three sexually transmitted disease clinics.trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection in the united states and may be associated with adverse birth outcomes and may also increase susceptibility to or transmissibility of human immunodeficiency virus. the purpose of this analysis is to describe the epidemiology of t. vaginalis in sexually transmitted disease clinics and characterize the risk factors associated with prevalent and incident t. vaginalis within the same population.200818360314
sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers: an international review with an emphasis on hard-to-access populations.women who work commercially in sex work (female sex workers [fsw]) are considered a high-risk group for sexually transmissible infections (sti), yet the level of reported pathogens varies in studies around the world. this study reviewed sti rates reported in 42 studies of fsw around the world published between 1995 and 2006 and analysed the trends and types of populations surveyed, emphasising difficult to access fsw populations.200818361849
[the frequency of some infections in patients with coronary artery disease].the paper is dedicated to associations between infective agents and coronary artery disease (cad). the study design included examination of a random sample of non-organized population (389 adults aged 25 to 64 years). using immune-enzyme assay, igm and igg antibodies to seven infective and parasite agents (chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum, trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans, opisthorchis felineus, and giardia lamblia), as well as the level of ige were measur ...200818368789
in vitro haemolytic and cytotoxic activity of soluble extract antigen of t. vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women.human trichomonas vaginalis infection ranges from asymptomatic to mild, moderate or severe clinical manifestations. the reasons for diverse symptomatology have been found to vary in several attributes and both parasite and host factors appear to play a role in the pathogenesis. the present study reports the in vitro haemolytic and cytotoxic activity of crude soluble extract (cse) antigen of t. vaginalis isolates from 15 symptomatic and 15 asymptomatic women. the haemolytic activity following the ...200818369662
a retrospective analysis of isolates from patients with vaginitis in a private greek obstetric/gynecological hospital (2003-2006).vaginitis is a common cause of complaints in women in various parts of the world. through our literature search, we identified noteworthy differences in the etiology of vaginitis based on the geographic location. this study was conducted to describe microbial etiology in a population of symptomatic women with vaginitis in greece.200818376352
trichomonas vaginalis: reactive oxygen species mediates caspase-3 dependent apoptosis of human neutrophils.there are many neutrophils in the vaginal discharge from women infected with trichomonas vaginalis. the aim of our study was to determine whether human neutrophil apoptosis may be regulated by reactive oxygen species (ros) in response to trichomonads infection. incubation of human neutrophils with live trichomonads caused marked receptor shedding of cd16, decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (mmp) and caspase-3 activation in human neutrophils. these proapoptotic effects of t. vaginalis o ...200817709105
entry and intracellular location of mycoplasma hominis in trichomonas vaginalis.the parasite trichomonas vaginalis causes one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infections in humans. the coexistence of different sexually transmitted diseases in the same individual is very common, such as vaginal infections by t. vaginalis in association with mycoplasma fermentans or mycoplasma hominis. however, the consequences and behavior of mycoplasma during trichomonad infections are virtually unknown. this study was undertaken to elucidate whether mycoplasmas enter and l ...200817710384
among pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis, the hydrolytic enzymes sialidase and prolidase are positively associated with interleukin-1beta.the objective of the study was to explore the mechanisms of local innate immunity induction and modulation in pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis (bv).200817714681
first molecular characterisation of hydrogenosomes in the protozoan parasite histomonas meleagridis.histomonas meleagridis is a trichomonad species that undergoes a flagellate-to-amoeba transformation during tissue invasion and causes a serious disease in gallinaceous birds (blackhead disease or histomoniasis). living in the avian cecum, the flagellated form can be grown in vitro in the presence of an ill-defined bacterial flora. its cytoplasm harbours numerous spherical bodies which structurally resemble hydrogenosomes. to test whether these organelles may be involved in anaerobic metabolism, ...200817697679
structural details and composition of trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan in relevance to the epithelial immune function.trichomonas vaginalis causes the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection linked to increased risk of premature birth, cervical cancer and hiv. this study defines molecular domains of the parasite surface glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan (lpg) with distinct functions in the host immunoinflammatory response. the ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core (cpi-gc) released by mild acid had mr of approximately 8,700 da determined by maldi-tof ms. rha, glcn, gal and xyl and small amounts of g ...200918604640
lowering of 5-nitroimidazole's mutagenicity: towards optimal antiparasitic pharmacophore.to improve the antiparasitic pharmacophore, 20 5-nitroimidazoles bearing an arylsulfonylmethyl group were prepared from commercial imidazoles. the antiparasitic activity of these molecules was assessed against trichomonas vaginalis, the in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated on human monocytes and the mutagenicity was determined by the salmonella mutagenicity assay. all ic(50) on t. vaginalis were below the one of metronidazole. the determination of the specificity indexes (sis), defined as the rat ...200918590939
a 25-bp ancient spliceosomal intron in the tvrab1a gene of trichomonas vaginalis.spliceosomal introns play a key role in eukaryotic genome evolution and protein diversity. a large rab gtpase family has been identified in a unicellular eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis. however, the characteristics of introns in rab genes of t. vaginalis have not been investigated previously. in this study, we identified a 25-bp spliceosomal intron in the t. vaginalis rab1a (tvrab1a) gene, the smallest intron in t. vaginalis to be characterized to date. this intron contains a canonical splice s ...200918926921
giardiadb and trichdb: integrated genomic resources for the eukaryotic protist pathogens giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis.giardiadb (http://giardiadb.org) and trichdb (http://trichdb.org) house the genome databases for giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis, respectively, and represent the latest additions to the eupathdb (http://eupathdb.org) family of functional genomic databases. giardiadb and trichdb employ the same framework as other eupathdb sites (cryptodb, plasmodb and toxodb), supporting fully integrated and searchable databases. genomic-scale data available via these resources may be queried based on b ...200918824479
in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomatid activity of 5-nitroindazoles.previously, we have identified a series of 5-nitroindazoles with good antiprotozoal activities, against trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and trichomonas vaginalis. most of them have shown very low unspecific toxicity on macrophage cell lines. in the present work, we assayed these compounds on t. cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes and leishmania promastigotes (leishmania amazonensis, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania infantum). derivatives 1, 2, 7 and 8 displayed remarkable trypanocidal activi ...200918706738
the burden and determinants of hiv and sexually transmitted infections in a population-based sample of female sex workers in goa, india.interventions targeting sex workers are central to the national aids control programme of india's third 5-year plan. understanding the way in which societal and individual factors interact to shape sex workers' vulnerability would better inform interventions.200918684856
does douching increase risk for sexually transmitted infections? a prospective study in high-risk adolescents.the objective of the study was to examine the association between douching and 4 sexually transmitted infections (stis).200918667177
comparison of clinical symptoms scored according to the national institutes of health chronic prostatitis symptoms index and assessment of antimicrobial treatment in patients with chronic prostatitis syndrome.we examined a total of 194 patients over 18 years of age with chronic prostatitis syndrome and no evidence of structural or functional lower genitourinary tract abnormalities. the following data were obtained for each patient: clinical history--the severity of chronic prostatitis symptoms scored by a croatian translation of the nih cpsi questionnaire, clinical status including digitorectal examination, urethral swab specimens, and selective samples of urine and expressed prostatic secretion, acc ...200919423471
disentangling contributions of reproductive tract infections to hiv acquisition in african women.: to estimate the effects of reproductive tract infections (rtis) on hiv acquisition among zimbabwean and ugandan women.200919434010
identification of microrna in the protist trichomonas vaginalis.micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small noncoding rnas that have important regulatory roles in multicellular organisms. however, mirna has never been identified experimentally in protist. direct cloning of 438 expressed mirna tags by microrna serial analysis of gene expression from the parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis identified nine candidate mirnas. bioinformatics analysis of the corresponding genomic region revealed that these mirna candidates contain a classical stem-loop-stem structu ...200919442639
examination for double-stranded rna viruses in trichomonas gallinae and identification of a novel sequence of a trichomonas vaginalis virus.to determine if double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses exist and are potential virulence factors in trichomonas gallinae, virus purification via ultracentrifugation was attempted for 12 t. gallinae isolates recovered from wild birds. following purification, virus-like particles were not observed by transmission electron microscopy, nor were dsrna segments visualized in agarose gels after electrophoresis of extracted rna from any of the 12 t. gallinae isolates. however, virus particles and dsrna seg ...200919452169
anal sex is a behavioural marker for laboratory-confirmed vaginal sexually transmissible infections and hiv-associated risk among african-american female adolescents.african-american females are disproportionately affected by hiv and sexually transmissible infections (stis). the prevalence of anal sex and its association with other sexual risk behaviours is understudied in this population.200919457289
in vitro activities of three synthetic peptides derived from epinecidin-1 and an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor against propionibacterium acnes, candida albicans, and trichomonas vaginalis.the synthetic epinecidin-1(22-42) peptide was derived from positions 22-42 of epinephelus coioides epinecidin-1. the synthetic salf(55-76) cyclic peptide (cssalf(55-76)) and salf(55-76) linear peptide (lssalf(55-76)) contained sequences from positions 55 to 76 of the penaeus monodon anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (alf), respectively. we studied the in vitro activities of epinecidin-1(22-42), cssalf(55-76), and lssalf(55-76) against propionibacterium acnes, candida albicans, and trichomonas vagin ...200919463737
bacterial vaginosis in female facility workers in north-western tanzania: prevalence and risk factors.to determine prevalence of, and risk factors for, bacterial vaginosis (bv) among herpes simplex virus (hsv) 2 seropositive tanzanian women at enrollment into a randomised, placebo-controlled trial of hsv suppressive treatment.200919473997
trichomoniasis in teens: an update.trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoa trichomonas vaginalis, is one of the oldest sexually transmitted infections. since the advent of more accurate diagnostic tests, the epidemiology and consequences of infection with t. vaginalis can be described more precisely. this review will highlight new diagnostic methods, the epidemiology of trichomoniasis, and discuss the merits of improved screening for this pathogen in adolescent women.200919491679
a study comparing sexually transmitted infections and hiv among ex-red-light district and non-red-light district sex workers after the demolition of baina red-light district.in june 2004, the red-light area of goa was demolished. we compare hiv and sexually transmitted infections (stis) between sex workers who had been based in baina red-light district (ex-rld-sws) with sex workers who had never worked in baina (non-rld-sws).200919525855
[leucoplakia vesicae in females: diagnosis and treatment].sixty patients suffering from leucoplakia vesicae (lv) were examined using cystoscopy with biopsy of the urinary bladder wall, blood enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies to agents of sexually transmitted infections (sti), uroflowmetry, culture analysis of cervical canal and mucosa samples for sti. as shown by a pathomorphological examination of the vesical mucosa biopsy specimens, long-term persistence of pathogenic (chlamydia, trichomonades) and opportunistic (mycoplasma, ureaplasma, ...200919526870
polymerase chain reaction versus conventional methods in the diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis.a total of 200 females of whom 120 had manifestations of vaginal trichomoniasis and 80 asymptomatic ones were studied. in 54/120 symptomatic female (45%) and in 28/80 asymptomatic ones (35%), t. vaginalis was diagnosed by wet mount of bedside vaginal swab samples. of 120 samples from symptomatic females, t. vaginalis was detected in 93 (77.5%) when cultured onto inpouch & 95 (79.16%) in modified thioglycolate media. culturing 80 samples of asymptomatic females showed t. vaginalis in 35 (43.75%) ...200919530606
efficacy of two plant extracts against vaginal trichomoniasis.trichomoniasis vaginalis is now an important worldwide health problem. metronidazole has so far been used in treatment, but the metronidazole-resistant strains and unpleasant adverse effects have been developed. treatment of patients with metronidazole refractory vaginal trichomoniasis constitutes a major therapeutic challenge and treatment options are extremely limited. in the present study, 33 metronidazole-resistant t. vaginalis females were treated with a combined course of metronidazole and ...200919530609
responsiveness of trichomonas vaginalis to iron concentrations: evidence for a post-transcriptional iron regulation by an ire/irp-like system.trichomonas vaginalis has high iron-dependency, favoring its growth and multiplication in culture. iron also regulates some of the trichomonal virulence properties by yet unknown mechanisms. iron is an essential but potentially toxic metal for the majority of organisms. thus, its concentration must be tightly regulated within the cell. in mammals, the iron homeostasis is mainly regulated at the post-transcriptional level by a well known mechanism mediated by the binding of iron regulatory protei ...200919539055
[tinidazole: a classical anaerobical drug with multiple potential uses nowadays].tinidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole active in vitro against a wide variety of anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. tinidazole is an effective treatment against anaerobic microorganisms based on its pharmacokinetic characteristics (c(max) 51 microg/ml, t(1/2) 12.5 h) and its excellent in vitro activity. its long half-life allows once a day regimens. tinidazole is as effective as metronidazole in the treatment of infections caused by t. vaginalis, giardiasis and amebiasis and bacterial vaginosis, malaria ...200919544102
adult male circumcision does not reduce the risk of incident neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, or trichomonas vaginalis infection: results from a randomized, controlled trial in kenya.we examined the effect of male circumcision on the acquisition of 3 nonulcerative sexually transmitted infections (stis).200919545209
redox properties of the oxygen-detoxifying flavodiiron protein from the human parasite giardia intestinalis.flavodiiron proteins (fdps) are enzymes identified in prokaryotes and a few pathogenic protozoa, which protect microorganisms by reducing o(2) to h(2)o and/or no to n(2)o. unlike most prokaryotic fdps, the protozoan enzymes from the human pathogens giardia intestinalis and trichomonas vaginalis are selective towards o(2). uv/vis and epr spectroscopy showed that, differently from the no-consuming bacterial fdps, the giardia fdp contains an fmn with reduction potentials for the formation of the si ...200919545535
the association between oral contraceptives, depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, and trichomoniasis.hormonal contraception use by women may increase the risk of acquiring certain sexually transmitted infections. we explored the effect of hormonal contraceptive use, specifically oral contraception (oc), and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa) on trichomonas vaginalis infections in women.200919556926
vaginal and endocervical microorganisms in symptomatic and asymptomatic non-pregnant females: risk factors and rates of occurrence.physiological or non-physiological factors may affect the vaginal flora. the occurrence of genital microorganisms in non-pregnant females of all ages was studied, as were the risk factors associated with each microorganism. a retrospective analysis of vaginal and endocervical cultures and wet smears from 27,172 non-pregnant women, between 1996 to 2005, was performed taking into consideration clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. no microorganisms were observed in 55.7% of the individua ...200919558525
epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in suspected child victims of sexual assault.the objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, treponema pallidum, hiv, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection diagnosed by culture or by serologic or microscopic tests and by nucleic acid amplification tests in children who are evaluated for sexual victimization.200919564286
diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis in female children and adolescents evaluated for possible sexual abuse: a comparison of the inpouch tv culture method and wet mount microscopy.to compare the performance of wet mount microscopy and the inpouch tv culture method in diagnosing trichomonas vaginalis in a cohort of female children and adolescents evaluated for possible sexual abuse.200919576816
depression, sexually transmitted infection, and sexual risk behavior among young adults in the united states.to measure associations among depression, sexual risk behaviors, and sexually transmitted infection (sti) among white and black youth in the united states.200919581548
trichomonas vaginalis infection and associated risk factors in a socially-marginalized female population in coastal peru.the epidemiology of trichomonas vaginalis infection among sexually active socially-marginalized women in three urban, coastal peruvian cities was examined in order to quantify the prevalence of trichomonas infection and identify associated risk factors.200919584943
a quantitative resazurin assay to determinate the viability of trichomonas vaginalis and the cytotoxicity of organic solvents and surfactant agents.trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomonosis, the most common, non-viral sexually transmitted disease. to test anti-trichomonas agents, usually many with low water solubility, organic solvents and surfactant agents should be used. therefore, the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dmso, tween 20, tween 80, and triton x-100 was determined against t. vaginalis isolates using the quantitative resazurin method. our results showed that solvents and surfact ...200919619538
the protist trichomonas vaginalis harbors multiple lineages of transcriptionally active mutator-like elements.for three decades the mutator system was thought to be exclusive of plants, until the first homolog representatives were characterized in fungi and in early-diverging amoebas earlier in this decade.200919622157
physical health consequences of sexual assault victims.to describe health consequences of sexual assault victims attending police general hospital, thailand.200919626805
correlates of sexually transmitted infection histories in a cohort of american male health professionals.several epidemiologic studies have investigated sexually transmitted infections (stis) and later risk of genitourinary conditions with suggestive positive results. while these results may reflect causal associations, other possible explanations include confounding by factors possibly related to both sti acquisition and genitourinary condition risk such as recognized sti-risk factors/correlates, and other factors not typically considered in relation to stis (e.g., general health-related behaviors ...200919655261
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