Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| yield and forage quality of glandular-haired alfalfa under alfalfa weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) and potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) pest pressure in virginia. | cultivars of glandular-haired alfalfa, medicago sativa l., such as '54h69', are currently available and marketed as being resistant to potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris) (hemiptera: cicadellidae). 54h69 and a standard, nonglandular-haired alfalfa 'choice' were evaluated at two locations in virginia over a 3-yr period. dry matter yields and concentrations of crude protein and acid detergent fiber were compared at the first, second, and third harvests. overall, the two cultivars produced s ... | 2006 | 16937677 |
| cloning, expression, and mapping of gdp-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase cdna from tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). | gdp-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase (gmp, ec 2.7.7.22) catalyzes the synthesis of gdp-d-mannose and represents the first committed step in plant ascorbic acid biosynthesis. using potato gmp cdna sequence as a querying probe, 65 highly homologous tomato ests were obtained from dbest of genbank and the putative cdna sequence of tomato gmp was assembled. the full-length gmp cdna of tomato was cloned by race-pcr with primers designed according to the assembled cdna sequence. the full-length cdna sequenc ... | 2006 | 16939010 |
| effect of thyme essential oils (thymus hyemalis and thymus zygis) and monensin on in vitro ruminal degradation and volatile fatty acid production. | the effect of the essential oils of thyme on the in vitro ruminal degradability of a barley seed/alfalfa hay substrate was studied. two essential oils were used, one from thymus hyemalis (th), rich in carvacrol, and the other from thymus zygis (tz), rich in thymol. four experimental treatments of in vitro degradability, using the daisy ii(200/220) incubator, were conducted including a negative control (co), a positive control at 7.5 microg/ml of monensin (mo), and two treatments with essential o ... | 2006 | 16939315 |
| metabolite profiles of nodulated alfalfa plants indicate that distinct stages of nodule organogenesis are accompanied by global physiological adaptations. | an effective symbiosis between sinorhizobium meliloti and its host plant medicago sativa is dependent on a balanced physiological interaction enabling the microsymbiont to fix atmospheric nitrogen. maintenance of the symbiotic interaction is regulated by still poorly understood control mechanisms. a first step toward a better understanding of nodule metabolism was the determination of characteristic metabolites for alfalfa root nodules. furthermore, nodules arrested at different developmental st ... | 2006 | 16941904 |
| effect of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage to corn silage on production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. | twenty-eight (8 ruminally cannulated) lactating, multiparous holstein cows were blocked by dim and randomly assigned to 7 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares (28-d periods) to investigate the effects of different dietary ratios of alfalfa silage (as) to corn silage (cs) on production, n utilization, apparent digestibility, and ruminal metabolism. the 4 diets contained (dry matter basis): a) 51% as, 43% rolled high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), and 3% solvent soybean meal (ssbm); b) 37% as, 13% cs, 39 ... | 2006 | 16960068 |
| effect of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage to corn silage on omasal flow and microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows. | eight ruminally cannulated multiparous holstein cows that were part of a larger production trial were used to study the effects of varying dietary ratios of alfalfa silage (as) to corn silage (cs) on omasal flow of nutrients and microbial protein. cows were blocked by dim and randomly assigned to 2 replicated 4 x 4 latin squares (28-d periods). diets fed contained (dry matter basis): a) 51% as, 43% rolled high-moisture shelled corn (hmsc), and 3% solvent soybean meal (ssbm); b) 37% as, 13% cs, 3 ... | 2006 | 16960069 |
| effects of alfalfa extract, anise, capsicum, and a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in beef heifers fed a high-concentrate diet. | four holstein heifers (360 +/- 22 and 450 +/- 28 kg of bw in exp. 1 and 2, respectively) fitted with ruminal trocars were used in 4 x 4 latin square designs to evaluate the effects on ruminal microbial fermentation of the following: exp. 1, no additive, alfalfa extract (30 g/d, aex), a mixture of cinnamaldehyde (0.18 g/d) and eugenol (0.09 g/d; cie1), and aex and cie1 in combination; and exp. 2, no additive, anise oil (2 g/d), capsicum oil (1 g/d), and a mixture of cinnamaldehyde (0.6 g/d) and e ... | 2006 | 16971582 |
| effects of cyanobacterial toxins and cyanobacterial cell-free crude extract on germination of alfalfa (medicago sativa) and induction of oxidative stress. | cyanobacterial toxins have adverse effects on both terrestrial and aquatic plants. microcystins are cyclic heptapeptides and an important group of cyanotoxins. when lake water contaminated with cyanobacterial blooms is used for spray irrigation, these toxins can come in contact with agricultural plants. during the exposure to these toxins, reactive oxygen species can form. these reactive oxygen species have a strong reactivity and are able to interact with other cellular compounds (lipids, prote ... | 2006 | 16986793 |
| alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). | a protocol for rapid, highly efficient transformation of alfalfa is described. leaf explants from growth chamber-grown plants of a highly regenerable genotype are surface-sterilized, the margins are removed, and explants are inoculated with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 carrying the t-dna vector of interest. the explants and bacteria are cocultured for 7 to 8 d. bacteria are removed by rinsing explants in sterile distilled water and by culture on regeneration medium containing the ant ... | 2006 | 16988354 |
| rhizosphere microbial activity during phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil. | to know microbial activity and diesel-removal efficiency influencing through plant roots, we examined the effect of the rhizosphere on phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils by alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). pots were treated with and without diesel and allowed to stabilize for 7 weeks, at which time four experimental/control groups were prepared: (1) planted diesel-contaminated soil, (2) unplanted diesel-contaminated soil, (3) planted uncontaminated soil, and (4) unplanted uncontaminated ... | 2006 | 17000542 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti nifa mutant induces different gene expression profile from wild type in alfalfa nodules. | several studies have demonstrated that the rhizobium nifa gene is an activator of nitrogen fixation acting in nodule bacteria. to understand the effects of the sinorhizobium meliloti nifa gene on alfalfa, the cdna-aflp technique was employed to study the changes in gene expression in nifa mutant nodules. among the approximately 3,000 transcript-derived fragments, 37 had differential expression levels. these expression levels were subsequently confirmed by reverse northern blot and rt-polymerase ... | 2006 | 17001343 |
| antidermatophyte activity of medicago extracts and contained saponins and their structure-activity relationships. | saponin-rich extracts of medicago sativa l. have been shown to display antifungal activity against a range of common fungibut only a few individual saponins have been tested against dermatophytes. total saponins were separately obtained from roots and aerial parts of medicago sativa, m. murex, m. arabica and m. hybrida. nineteen saponins and three parent triterpenoids, were tested against three dermatophytic fungi microsporum gypseum, trichophyton interdigitale and t. tonsurans using mircowell p ... | 2006 | 17006971 |
| [community structure and its dynamics of predatory arthropod in jujube orchards intercropped with different herbage species]. | by using community structural characteristic indices and principal component analysis, this paper studied the community structure and its dynamics of predatory arthropod in the jujube orchards intercropped with astrugalus complanatus, trifolium repen, lotus comiculotus, and medicago sativa. the results showed that in all test jujube orchards, spider and predatory insects were the predominant components of the predatory arthropod community, and their relative abundances were 48.3% - 52.7% and 38. ... | 2006 | 17269332 |
| [composition diversity of lactic acid bacteria (lab) community al2 used for alfalfa silage]. | alfalfa is the most important forage grass that is difficult to ensile for good quality. using silage inoculants are the important way for preservation of alfalfa silage. through continuous restricted subcultivation, a lactic acid bacteria (lab) community al2 was selected from well-fermented alfalfa silage. plate isolation and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), construction of 16s rdna clone library were used to identify the composition diversity of al2 community, with 7 strains det ... | 2006 | 17172026 |
| burden and causes of foodborne disease in australia: annual report of the ozfoodnet network, 2005. | in 2005, ozfoodnet sites recorded 25,779 notifications of seven potentially foodborne diseases, which was 12.5 per cent higher than the mean for the previous five years. diseases with significant increases in 2005, when compared to historical reports include: shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, shigellosis, haemolytic uraemic syndrome, salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis. the most significant increases were those due to salmonella (13.1%) and campylobacter (5.1%) because of the frequency of ... | 2006 | 17120483 |
| potential for phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-(pcb-)contaminated soil. | weathered soils contaminated with commercial-grade aroclor 1260 from three sites in canada were used to investigate the polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) phytoextraction potential of nine plant species (festuca arundinacea, glycine max, medicago sativa, phalaris arundinacea, lolium multiflorum, carex normalis, and three varieties of cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo) under controlled greenhouse conditions. the soils used varied in pcb concentration (90-4200 microg/g) and total organic content (0.06-2.02%). ... | 2006 | 17120525 |
| [diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic and transpiration rates of alfalfa under dry farming and their relationships with environmental factors]. | in this paper, the diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic rate (pn) and transpiration rate ( tr) of four years planted alfalfa under dry farming, as well as those of photosynthetic active radiation (par) , co2 concentration in field ( ca ) , relative humidity (rh) and air temperature ( ta) were measured, and the relationships between the diurnal dynamics of pn, tr and climatic factors were analyzed by correlation coefficient, path coefficient, and decision coefficient analyses. the results showed th ... | 2006 | 17209375 |
| cbra is a stationary-phase regulator of cell surface physiology and legume symbiosis in sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti produces an exopolysaccharide called succinoglycan that plays a critical role in promoting symbiosis with its host legume, alfalfa (medicago sativa). we performed a transposon mutagenesis and screened for mutants with altered succinoglycan production and a defect in symbiosis. in this way, we identified a putative two-component histidine kinase associated with a pas sensory domain, now designated cbra (calcofluor-bright regulator a). the cbra::tn5 mutation causes overprodu ... | 2006 | 16740957 |
| postprandial changes in plasma concentrations of growth hormone and ghrelin around weaning in the goat. | we measured and compared plasma levels of gh and ghrelin in response to feeding in 4-week-old (milk replacer-fed) and 13-week-old (alfalfa hay cube-fed) goats, in order to elucidate whether or not the postprandial regulation of these hormone levels changes around weaning. furthermore, we examined the effects of suckling from the dam or intravenous glucose administration on both hormone and insulin levels in kids. in 4-week-old goats, feeding of a milk replacer diet significantly increased plasma ... | 2006 | 16750532 |
| [modeling of lactic acid fermentation of leguminous plant juices]. | lactic acid fermentation of leguminous plant juices was modeled to provide a comparative efficiency assessment of the previously selected strains of lactic acid bacteria as potential components of starter cultures. juices of the legumes fodder galega, red clover, and alfalfa were subjected to lactic acid fermentation in 27 variants of experiment. local strains (lactobacillus sp. rs 2, lactobacillus sp. rs 3, and lactobacillus sp. rs 4) and the collection strain lactobacillus plantarum bs 933 app ... | 2006 | 16761580 |
| resource availability and quality influence patterns of diet mixing by sheep. | in grazing systems, forage availability is a function of herbivore density, which can influence an animal's ability to be selective. in turn, the influence of food availability on selectivity has the potential to influence plant biodiversity. we hypothesized that the ability of herbivores to mix toxin-containing foods in their diets is a function of the availability of nontoxic foods and the nutritional characteristics of the toxin-containing foods. we evaluated this hypothesis in two trials sim ... | 2006 | 16770717 |
| effect of scraping frequency in a freestall barn on volatile nitrogen loss from dairy manure. | the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of scraping frequency (2x vs. 6x daily) on n volatilization from manure on the floor of a dairy free-stall barn. three trials (crossover design) were conducted in the summers of 2001 and 2002, and in the winter of 2003. nitrogen volatilization was estimated from the change in the n:p ratio in excreta at the time of excretion to the time when manure was scraped from the barn. total n loss was considered a maximum estimate of nh3-n los ... | 2006 | 16772577 |
| effect of selenium supplementation and source on the selenium status of horses. | this study was conducted to determine the effect of se supplementation and source on the se status of horses. eighteen 18-mo-old nonexercised horses were randomly assigned within sex to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) control (ctrl, no supplemental se, 0.15 mg of se/kg of total diet dm); 2) inorganic se (inorg, ctrl + 0.45 mg of se/kg of total diet dm from naseo3); or organic se [org, ctrl + 0.45 mg of se/kg of total diet dm from zinc-l-selenomethionine (availa se, zinpro, corp., eden prairie, mn)]. horse ... | 2006 | 16775058 |
| dissipation of phosalone and diazinon in fresh and dried alfalfa. | the objectives of this study were to determine the persistence of phosalone (s-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxobenzoxazol-3-ylmethyl o, o-diethyl phosphorodithioate) and diazinon (o,o-diethyl o-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate) residues in fresh and baled alfalfa under field conditions. plots of alfalfa were sprayed with each insecticide. fresh alfalfa was sampled up to 20 days after treatment, and dried alfalfa was sampled up to 25 weeks after baling. samples were analyzed for resi ... | 2006 | 16785169 |
| circulating fluidized bed combustion product addition to acid soil: alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) composition and environmental quality. | to reduce s emissions, petroleum coke with a high concentration of s was combusted with limestone in a circulating fluidized bed (cfb) boiler. the combustion process creates a bed product that has potential for agricultural uses. this cfb product is often alkaline and enriched in s and other essential plant nutrients, but also contains high concentrations of ni and v. agricultural land application of cfb product is encouraged, but little information is available related to plant responses and en ... | 2006 | 16787025 |
| fixj: a major regulator of the oxygen limitation response and late symbiotic functions of sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti exists either in a free-living state in the soil or in symbiosis within legume nodules, where the bacteria differentiate into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. expression of genes involved in nitrogen fixation and associated respiration is governed by two intermediate regulators, nifa and fixk, respectively, which are controlled by a two-component regulatory system fixlj in response to low-oxygen conditions. in order to identify the fixlj regulon, gene expression profiles were d ... | 2006 | 16788198 |
| mesorhizobium loti produces nodpq-dependent sulfated cell surface polysaccharides. | leguminous plants and bacteria from the family rhizobiaceae form a symbiotic relationship, which culminates in novel plant structures called root nodules. the indeterminate symbiosis that forms between sinorhizobium meliloti and alfalfa requires biosynthesis of nod factor, a beta-1,4-linked lipochitooligosaccharide that contains an essential 6-o-sulfate modification. s. meliloti also produces sulfated cell surface polysaccharides, such as lipopolysaccharide (lps). the physiological function of s ... | 2006 | 17028279 |
| slow-release urea and highly fermentable sugars in diets fed to lactating dairy cows. | this experiment was designed to test the inclusion of highly fermentable sugars (fs) in dairy rations and their interactions with a slow-release urea (su) product. the fs are a blend of liquid coproducts from the corn milling and cheese industries, and the su is calcium chloride urea. eight multiparous and 4 primiparous brown swiss cows (117 +/- 46 d in milk) were blocked by parity and utilized in a multiple latin square design. basal diets were formulated for 16.6% crude protein and 1.55 mcal/k ... | 2006 | 17033027 |
| hydroperoxide lyases (cyp74c and cyp74b) catalyze the homolytic isomerization of fatty acid hydroperoxides into hemiacetals. | the conversion of linoleic acid 9-hydroperoxide (9-hpod) by recombinant melon (cucumis melo l.) hydroperoxide lyase (hpl, cyp74c subfamily) was studied. short (5 s-1 min) incubations at 0 degrees c followed by rapid extraction and trimethylsilylation made it possible to trap a new unstable (t(1/2) <30 s) product, i.e. the hemiacetal (1'e,3'z)-9-hydroxy-9-(1',3'-nonadienyloxy)-nonanoic acid. identification was performed by gc-ms analysis and substantiated by the formation of trimethylsilyl 9-trim ... | 2006 | 17049304 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti genes involved in tolerance to the antimicrobial peptide protamine. | the innate resistance of plants and animals to microbial infection is mediated in part by small cationic peptides with antimicrobial activity. we assessed the susceptibility of the alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti to the model antimicrobial peptide protamine. twenty-one tn5-induced mutants showing increased sensitivity to protamine were isolated, and nine were further characterized in detail. these nine mutants carried distinct transposon insertions that affected a total of seven differen ... | 2006 | 17064369 |
| multiple gene genealogical analyses reveal both common and distinct population genetic patterns among replicons in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a gram-negative alpha-proteobacterium that can form symbiotic relationships with alfalfa and fix atmospheric nitrogen. the complete genome of a laboratory strain, rm1021, was published in 2001, and the genome of this strain is arranged in three replicons: a chromosome of 3.65 million base pairs (mb), and two megaplasmids, psyma (1.35 mb) and psymb (1.68 mb). however, the potential difference in genetic variation among the three replicons in natural strains remains poorl ... | 2006 | 17074896 |
| rhizobium lusitanum sp. nov. a bacterium that nodulates phaseolus vulgaris. | the species phaseolus vulgaris is a promiscuous legume nodulated by several species of the family rhizobiaceae. during a study of rhizobia nodulating this legume in portugal, we isolated several strains that nodulate p. vulgaris effectively and also macroptilium atropurpureum and leucaena leucocephala, but they form ineffective nodules in medicago sativa. according to phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence, the strains from this study belong to the genus rhizobium, with rhizobium rh ... | 2006 | 17082403 |
| tissue distribution, elimination, and metabolism of sodium [36cl]perchlorate in lactating goats. | perchlorate has contaminated water sources throughout the united states but particularly in the arid southwest, an area containing large numbers of people and few water sources. recent studies have demonstrated that perchlorate is present in alfalfa and that perchlorate is secreted into the milk of cows. studies in lactating cows have indicated that only a small portion of a perchlorate dose could be accounted for by elimination in milk, feces, or urine. it was hypothesized that the remainder of ... | 2006 | 17090130 |
| effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. | two experiments were conducted on alfalfa to investigate the effects of the addition of commercial chestnut hydrolyzable tannin at ensiling on 1) silage fermentation quality in lab-scale silos and protein degradation in the rumen, and 2) silage fermentation quality and proteolysis in bale silages. wilted alfalfa was prepared with 4 tannin levels (0, 2, 4, and 6% on a dry matter (dm) basis; t0, t1, t2, t3, respectively) and ensiled in lab-scale silos. silages (33% dm) were analyzed for fermentati ... | 2006 | 17106105 |
| effects of rumen acid load from feed and forage particle size on ruminal ph and dry matter intake in the lactating dairy cow. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of level of concentrate acidogenic value (av) and forage particle size on ruminal ph and feed intake in lactating dairy cows. two isoenergetic (net energy for lactation = 1.5 +/- 0.01 mcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (crude protein = 17.4 +/- 0.1% dry matter) concentrates with either a low av or high av were formulated and fed in a total mixed ration with either coarsely or finely chopped corn silage and alfalfa haylage ad libitum. four rumen-fi ... | 2006 | 17106107 |
| mycotoxin producing fusarium species associated with plant disease on potato, wheat, corn and animal diseases in northwest iran. | there were some plant diseases on potato, wheat, corn, bean and animal diseases such as feed refusal, weight loss, death of cattle and sheep as well as chicken mortality in northwest iran. infected plants were collected and cultured in pda as common medium and peptone pcnb agar (ppa) as selective medium for fusarium species after surface sterilization with sodium hypochlorite. several fusarium species were isolated from samples counting potato tubers, wheat, corn, plant residues and animal feeds ... | 2006 | 17390876 |
| occurrence of viruses infecting pea in iran. | a survey was conducted to determine the incidence of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), broad bean wilt virus-1 (bbwv), pea leafroll virus (plrv), pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), pea seed borne mosaic virus (psbmv), potato virus x(pvx), tomato mosaic virus (tomv), tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) on pea (pisum sativum) in iran. a total of 1276 random and 684 symptomatic pea samples were collected during the spring and summer of 2002-2004 in tehran province of iran, whe ... | 2006 | 17390891 |
| strategies to obtain stable transgenic plants from non-embryogenic lines: complementation of the nn1 mutation of the nork gene in medicago sativa mn1008. | strategies to introduce genes into non-embryogenic plants for complementation of a mutation are described and tested on tetraploid alfalfa (medicago sativa). genes conditioning embryogenic potential, a mutant phenotype, and a gene to complement the mutation can be combined using several different crossing and selection steps. in the successful strategy used here, the m. sativa genotype mnnc-1008(nn) carrying the recessive non-nodulating mutant allele nn ( 1 ) was crossed with the highly embryoge ... | 2006 | 16534599 |
| identification and introduction of some iran pollinator bees of colletidae, halictidae, and megachilidae (hym: apoidea). | insufficient pollination results in less yield and low quality of crops. many vegetables depend on the cross pollination to produce valuable seeds or fruits. most flowering plants, fruit and seed formation are highly dependent on the activity of pollinator bees and in some crop such as alfalfa no seeds will form in the absence of bees. the most important crops of iran from stone fruits (peach, almond, plum, cherry and apricot), pome fruits (apple, pear and quince), alfalfa, clover, sunflower, et ... | 2006 | 17385532 |
| development of lucerne (medicago sativa l.) treated with mineral fertilizer and manure at optimal and water deficit conditions. | a study on the effect of different rates of mineral fertilizer and manure on yield parameters of lucerne under optimal and water deficit conditions was carried out. leached chernozem soil and lucerne cultivar victoria were used. the soil was treated with ammonium nitrate and fully matured cattle manure. the plants were grown under optimum moisture content of 80% and 40% of field capacity. the water deficit stress decreased top and root biomass by 11-75% and 3-29% at mineral and organic fertiliza ... | 2006 | 17612346 |
| cdc42 is required for proper growth and development in the fungal pathogen colletotrichum trifolii. | cdc42 is a highly conserved small gtp-binding protein that is involved in regulating morphogenesis in eukaryotes. in this study, we isolated and characterized a highly conserved cdc42 gene from colletotrichum trifolii (ctcdc42), a fungal pathogen of alfalfa. ctcdc42 is, at least in part, functionally equivalent to saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc42p, since it restores the temperature-sensitive phenotype of a yeast cdc42p mutant. inhibition of ctcdc42 by expression of an antisense ctcdc42 or a domina ... | 2006 | 16400178 |
| sinorhizobium fredii hh103 mutants affected in capsular polysaccharide (kps) are impaired for nodulation with soybean and cajanus cajan. | the sinorhizobium fredii hh103 rkp-1 region, which is involved in capsular polysaccharides (kps) production, was isolated and sequenced. the organization of the s. fredii genes identified, rkpuaghij and kpsf3, was identical to that described for s. meliloti 1021 but different from that of s. meliloti ak631. the long rkpa gene (7.5 kb) of s. fredii hh103 and s. meliloti 1021 appears as a fusion of six clustered ak631 genes, rkpabcdef. s. fredii hh103-rif(r) mutants affected in rkph or rkpg were c ... | 2006 | 16404952 |
| regulation and properties of pstscab, a high-affinity, high-velocity phosphate transport system of sinorhizobium meliloti. | the properties and regulation of the pstscab-encoded pi uptake system from the alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti are reported. we present evidence that the pstscab genes and the regulatory phoub genes are transcribed from a single promoter that contains two phob binding sites and that transcription requires phob. s. meliloti strain 1021 (rm1021) and its derivatives were found to carry a c deletion frameshift mutation in the pstc gene (designated pstc1021) that severely impairs activity of ... | 2006 | 16428413 |
| effect of safflower oil, flaxseed oil, monensin, and vitamin e on concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk fat. | conjugated linoleic acid (cla) refers to a mixture of conjugated octadecadienoic acids of predominantly ruminant origin. the main isomer in bovine milk fat is the cis-9, trans-11 cla. interest in cla increased after the discovery of its health-promoting properties, including potent anticarcinogenic activity. two experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary strategies aimed at increasing the concentration of cla in bovine milk fat. both experiments were organized as a randomized complete block ... | 2006 | 16428641 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti chromosomal origin of replication. | the predicted chromosomal origin of replication (oric) from the alfalfa symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti is shown to allow autonomous replication of a normally non-replicating plasmid within s. meliloti cells. this is the first chromosomal replication origin to be experimentally localized in the rhizobiaceae and its location, adjacent to heme, is the same as for oric in caulobacter crescentus, the only experimentally characterized alphaproteobacterial oric. using an electrophoretic mobility shift ... | 2006 | 16436432 |
| base-pairing potential identified by in vitro selection predicts the kinked rna backbone observed in the crystal structure of the alfalfa mosaic virus rna-coat protein complex. | the three-dimensional structure of the 3' terminus of alfalfa mosaic virus rna in complex with an amino-terminal coat protein peptide revealed an unusual rna fold with inter-augc basepairing stabilized by key arginine residues (guogas, et al., 2004). to probe viral rna interactions with the full-length coat protein, we have used in vitro genetic selection to characterize potential folding patterns among rnas isolated from a complex randomized pool. nitrocellulose filter retention, electrophoreti ... | 2006 | 16312015 |
| cell-to-cell movement of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of ilar-, bromo-, cucumo-, tobamo- and comoviruses and does not require virion formation. | rna 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) encodes the movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp). chimeric rna 3 with the amv mp gene replaced by the corresponding mp gene of prunus necrotic ringspot virus, brome mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus or cowpea mosaic virus efficiently moved from cell-to-cell only when the expressed mp was extended at its c-terminus with the c-terminal 44 amino acids of amv mp. mp of tobacco mosaic virus supported the movement of the chimeric rna 3 whether or not the mp ... | 2006 | 16316673 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti blub is necessary for production of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, the lower ligand of b12. | an insight into a previously unknown step in b(12) biosynthesis was unexpectedly obtained through our analysis of a mutant of the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti. this mutant was identified based on its unusually bright fluorescence on plates containing the succinoglycan binding dye calcofluor. the mutant contains a tn5 insertion in a gene that has not been characterized previously in s. meliloti. the closest known homolog is the blub gene of rhodobacter capsulatus, wh ... | 2006 | 16537439 |
| the 3' untranslated region of a soybean cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1) affects transcript stability and protein accumulation in transgenic alfalfa. | higher plants assimilate nitrogen in the form of ammonia through the concerted activity of glutamine synthetase (gs) and glutamate synthase (gogat). the gs enzyme is either located in the cytoplasm (gs1) or in the chloroplast (gs2). glutamine synthetase 1 is regulated in different plants at the transcriptional level and there are some reports of regulation at the level of protein stability. here we present data that clearly establish that gs1 in plants is also regulated at the level of transcrip ... | 2006 | 16460515 |
| alfalfa mob1-like proteins are involved in cell proliferation and are localized in the cell division plane during cytokinesis. | mps-one-binder (mob) proteins play a crucial role in yeast cytokinesis. after cloning two mob1-like genes, msmob1-a and msmob1-b from alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) we show that, although they are constitutively expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and pods, their transcripts and proteins are mostly produced in actively proliferating tissues. a polyclonal antibody specifically raised against msmob1 proteins was used for immunolocalization studies in synchronized root tip cells. the subcellul ... | 2006 | 16460730 |
| estimation of undegradable intake protein in forages using neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen at a single in situ incubation time point. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (ndin) at a single in situ incubation time point to estimate the undegradable intake protein (uip) in forages as well as to compare rates of ndin degradation. forage samples in exp. 1 comprised diet samples collected from range and meadow pastures monthly from may through september. in exp. 2, clipped samples of alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, kura clover, and smooth bromegrass, and diet samples of the mixed l ... | 2006 | 16478957 |
| ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of nitrogen and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen from common crabgrass forages sampled on seven dates in northern arkansas. | southern crabgrass (digitaria ciliaris [retz.] koel.) is often an undesirable species in field and forage crops, but visual observations suggest that livestock prefer it to many other summer forages. the objectives of this study were to assess the nutritive value of crabgrass sampled weekly between july 11 and august 22, 2001 and then to determine ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of n and neutral detergent insoluble n (ndin) for these forages. a secondary objective was to compare these kin ... | 2006 | 16478959 |
| rhizobial exopolysaccharides: genetic control and symbiotic functions. | specific complex interactions between soil bacteria belonging to rhizobium, sinorhizobium, mesorhizobium, phylorhizobium, bradyrhizobium and azorhizobium commonly known as rhizobia, and their host leguminous plants result in development of root nodules. nodules are new organs that consist mainly of plant cells infected with bacteroids that provide the host plant with fixed nitrogen. proper nodule development requires the synthesis and perception of signal molecules such as lipochitooligosacchari ... | 2006 | 16483356 |
| expression of avian reovirus sigmac protein in transgenic plants. | avian reovirus (arv) structural protein, sigmac encoded by s1 genome segment, is the prime candidate to become a vaccine against arv infection. two plant nuclear expression vectors with expression of sigmac-encoding gene driven by camv 35s promoter and rice actin promoter were constructed, respectively. agrobacterium containing the s1 expression constructs were used to transform alfalfa, and transformants were selected using hygromysin. the integration of s1 transgene in alfalfa chromosome was c ... | 2006 | 16488486 |
| effects of codon modification on human bmp2 gene expression in tobacco plants. | bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) has great potential in therapeutic applications. we are working on generating transgenic plants as a bioreactor to produce bmp2. we have studied the effects of codon optimization on the expression of human bmp2 (hbmp2) in tobacco plants. three modified hbmp2 genes were transformed into tobacco under the control of either cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv35s) promoter or double-camv35s promoter plus alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) enhancer. the fused beta-glucuroni ... | 2006 | 16491379 |
| effects of alfalfa and fructooligosaccharide on molting parameters and bone qualities using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and conventional bone assays. | the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of alfalfa and fructooligosaccharides (fos) on molting performance and bone parameters compared with the conventional feed withdrawal molting procedure. a total of 36 single comb white leghorn hens (84 wk of age) were used for this experiment. the hens were divided into 6 treatment groups with 6 birds per treatment: pre-trial control (pc), full fed (ff), feed withdrawal (fw), 100% alfalfa (a100), a100 + 0.375% fos (a100l), and a100 + 0.75% fos (a100h ... | 2006 | 16493940 |
| rhizosphere selection of highly motile phenotypic variants of pseudomonas fluorescens with enhanced competitive colonization ability. | phenotypic variants of pseudomonas fluorescens f113 showing a translucent and diffuse colony morphology show enhanced colonization of the alfalfa rhizosphere. we have previously shown that in the biocontrol agent p. fluorescens f113, phenotypic variation is mediated by the activity of two site-specific recombinases, sss and xerd. by overexpressing the genes encoding either of the recombinases, we have now generated a large number of variants (mutants) after selection either by prolonged laborato ... | 2006 | 16672487 |
| a method for estimating the relative degree of saponification of xanthophyll sources and feedstuffs. | saponification of xanthophyll esters in various feed sources has been shown to improve pigmentation efficiency in broiler skin and egg yolks. three trials were conducted to evaluate a rapid liquid chromatography procedure for estimating the relative degree of xanthophyll saponification using samples of yellow corn, corn gluten meal, alfalfa, and 6 commercially available marigold meal concentrates. in each trial, samples were extracted using a modification of the 1984 association of official anal ... | 2006 | 16673764 |
| dietary forage and nonfiber carbohydrate contents influence b-vitamin intake, duodenal flow, and apparent ruminal synthesis in lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this experiment was to quantify intakes, duodenal flows, and ruminal apparent synthesis (as) of b-vitamins in lactating dairy cows fed diets varying in forage and nonfiber carbohydrate (nfc) contents. eight (4 primiparous and 4 multiparous) ruminally and duodenally cannulated holstein cows were assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a replicated 21-d period, 4 x 4 latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement. diets, fed as tmr, contained (dm basis) 2 levels of f ... | 2006 | 16357281 |
| milk from forage as affected by carbohydrate source and degradability with alfalfa silage-based diets. | milk from forage (mf) is an estimation of the milk produced solely from forage intake. it is calculated by subtracting milk production theoretically allowed by concentrates from total milk production, assuming that maintenance requirements are covered by the forage portion of the diet. eight multiparous holstein cows in early lactation were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design to evaluate the impact on mf of different sources of carbohydrate with forage that was high in rdp. diets were ... | 2006 | 16357292 |
| f4 (k88) fimbrial adhesin faeg expressed in alfalfa reduces f4+ enterotoxigenic escherichia coli excretion in weaned piglets. | transgenic plants are attractive bioreactors to large-scale production of recombinant proteins because of their relatively low cost. this study reports for the first time the use of transgenic plants to reduce enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) excretion in its natural host species. the dna sequence encoding the major subunit and adhesin faeg of f4+ etec was transformed into edible alfalfa plants. targeting of faeg production to chloroplasts led to faeg levels of up to 1% of the total solub ... | 2006 | 16378664 |
| use of real time pcr to determine population profiles of individual species of lactic acid bacteria in alfalfa silage and stored corn stover. | real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to quantify seven species of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in alfalfa silage prepared in the presence or absence of four commercial inoculants and in uninoculated corn stover harvested and stored under a variety of field conditions. species-specific pcr primers were designed based on reca gene sequences. commercial inoculants improved the quality of alfalfa silage, but species corresponding to those in the inoculants displayed variations in pers ... | 2006 | 16205920 |
| nitrogen reserves, spring regrowth and winter survival of field-grown alfalfa (medicago sativa) defoliated in the autumn. | the objective of the study was to characterize variations in proline, arginine, histidine, vegetative storage proteins, and cold-inducible gene expression in overwintering roots of field-grown alfalfa, in response to autumn defoliation, and in relation to spring regrowth and winter survival. | 2006 | 16260440 |
| identification of members of mycobacterium avium species by accu-probes, serotyping, and single is900, is901, is1245 and is901-flanking region pcr with internal standards. | from mycobacterium avium species mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n=961), mycobacterium a. avium (n=677), mycobacterium a. silvaticum (n=5), and mycobacterium a. hominissuis (n=1566) were examined, and from mycobacterium tuberculosis complex m. tuberculosis (n=2), mycobacterium bovis (n=13), m. bovis bcg (n=4), and mycobacterium caprae (n=10) were examined. from other mycobacterial species mycobacterium intracellulare (n=60) and atypical mycobacteria (n=256) including mycobacterium f ... | 2006 | 16061296 |
| evolutionary relationships among members of the bromoviridae deduced from whole proteome analysis. | many molecular phylogenies of viruses build upon the analysis of single genes. the study of whole-genomes, however, might yield more reliable information to infer tree topologies and a better approach for drawing the evolutionary history of virus families. in this study, we apply a novel comparative proteomic approach to seek whether incorporating information from the entire proteome would support the actual taxonomy of the family bromoviridae. our results suggest that the current taxonomic clas ... | 2006 | 16172839 |
| hierarchical analysis of diversity, selfing, and genetic differentiation in populations of the oomycete aphanomyces euteiches. | abstract relatively little is known about the population biology of the legume pathogen aphanomyces euteiches. a. euteiches is a soilborne pathogen causing aphanomyces root rot of several legumes, including alfalfa, bean, lentil, and pea. our objectives were to assess the degree of diversity, selfing, and population differentiation in a. euteiches. we contrasted populations within and among two geographically separated fields with a history of pea production. molecular genotyping relied on ampli ... | 2006 | 18943502 |
| host crop affects rhizosphere colonization and competitiveness of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing pseudomonas fluorescens. | abstract strains of pseudomonas fluorescens producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-dapg) are biocontrol agents which play a key role in the suppressiveness of some soils against soilborne pathogens. we evaluated the effect of the host plant genotype on rhizosphere colonization by both indigenous and introduced 2,4-dapg-producing p. fluorescens. first, population densities of indigenous 2,4-dapg producers in the rhizospheres of alfalfa, barley, bean, flax, lentil, lupine, oat, p ... | 2006 | 18943149 |
| identification, characterization, and molecular detection of alfalfa mosaic virus in potato. | abstract alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) was detected in potato fields in several provinces in canada and characterized by bioassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the identity of eight canadian potato amv isolates was confirmed by sequence analysis of their coat protein (cp) gene. sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these eight amv potato isolates fell into one strain group, whereas a slight difference between ca175 and ... | 2006 | 18943961 |
| effect of rotation crops on heterodera glycines population density in a greenhouse screening study. | crop rotation is a common means of reducing pathogen populations in soil. several rotation crops have been shown to reduce soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines) populations, but a comprehensive study of the optimal crops is needed. a greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effect of growth and decomposition of 46 crops on population density of h. glycines. crops were sown in soil infested with h. glycines. plants were maintained until 75 days after planting, when the soil was mixed ... | 2006 | 19259545 |
| [nucleotide sequence of internal transcribed spacers and 5.8s rdna for the ribosomal operon from alfalfa medicago sativa and cotton gossypium hirsutum l]. | the 708- and 769-bp fragments from alfalfa and cotton containing the 3'-end of the 18s gene, the internal transcribed spacer. 1 (its1) the 5.8s gene, its2, and the 5'-end of the 28s gene were obtained using primers to the 18s and 28s ends of rdna from tomato by a polymerase chain reaction. these sequences were cloned into ptz19r. the 5.8s rdna, its1 and its2 nucleotide sequences of alfalfa and cotton were determined. comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences of alfalfa and cotton showed large ... | 2006 | 8145750 |
| identification of two types of iranian alfalfa gene pool-based on agro-morphological traits. | there are two types of alfalfa landraces in iran. the first is temperate landraces such as hamedani, gharah younjeh and the second is sub-tropical landraces such as bami, nikshahri and yazdi. do they have different gene pools and could they be identified using agro-morphological traits. a total of 332 landraces which had been collected from different parts of iran were planted in the experimental field. during 1998-2002, agro-morphological traits were evaluated according to ipgri descriptors. on ... | 2007 | 19090146 |
| effects of supplemental dietary biotin on performance of holstein dairy cows. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of biotin on productive performance of holstein dairy cow. in this experiment a change-over design with twelve multiparous cows, three rations and three periods was employed. ingredients of the basal diet were alfalfa hay (24%) corn silage (16%) and concentrate (60%) on dry matter basis. the experimental diets 1 to 3 contained 0, 10 and 20 mg of biotin per day, respectively. the rations were fed to cows as total mixed rations ... | 2007 | 19090208 |
| effects of live yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae on fermentation parameters and microbial populations of rumen, total tract digestibility of diet nutrients and on the in situ degradability of alfalfa hay in iranian chall sheep. | the effects of live yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (lysc, strain sc 47) on rumen fermentation and microbial populations, digestibility of nutrients, degradability of alfalfa hay and on the performances of sheep were investigated in two experiments. in both experiments, animals in treatment groups were received 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g of lysc per sheep per day and were defined as control, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g lysc treatment groups, respectively. in the first experiment, four fistulated chall sheep (49 ... | 2007 | 19069540 |
| application of multi-way data analysis on excitation-emission spectra for plant identification. | the ability to distinguish among diets fed to damascus goats using excitation-emission luminescence spectra was investigated. these diets consisted of medicago sativa l. (alfalfa), trifolium spp. (clover), pistacia lentiscus, phyllirea latifolia and pinus brutia. the three-dimensional luminescence response surface from phosphate buffered saline (pbs) extracts of each material was analyzed using muti-way analysis chemometric tools (mpca) and parallel factor analysis (parafac). using three princip ... | 2007 | 19071673 |
| acacia nilotica and medicago sativa, suitable plants for agro-forestry in southern coasts of iran. | habitats of the multipurpose tree, acacia nilotica, were identified along the coastline of the persian gulf and oman sea, south of iran. four sites were randomly chosen and in each one, vegetation as well as climatic and soil characteristics were studied. likewise, biometry of acacia trees was conducted and compared in the sites. the fodder values in leaf and fruit of acacia were determined and compared with those of in foliage of medicago sativa being managed under an agro-forestry system. by a ... | 2007 | 19086523 |
| development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantifying verticillium albo-atrum dna in resistant and susceptible alfalfa. | abstract a precise real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for quantifying verticillium albo-atrum dna. the assay was used in a repeated experiment to examine the relationship between the quantity of pathogen dna detected in infected leaves and shoots and the severity of verticillium wilt symptoms in several alfalfa cultivars expressing a range of disease symptoms. plants were visually inspected for symptoms and rated using a disease severity index ranging from 1 to 5, and ... | 2007 | 18943523 |
| comparison of colletotrichum orbiculare and several allied colletotrichum spp. for mtdna rflps, intron rflp and sequence variation, vegetative compatibility, and host specificity. | abstract based on spore morphology, appressorium development, sequence similarities of the rdna, and similarities in amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (aflp), it has been proposed that colletotrichum orbiculare, c. trifolii, c. lindemuthianum, and c. malvarum represent a single phylogenetic species, c. orbiculare. in the current study, the phylogenetic relationship among isolates in the c. orbiculare species complex was reassessed. in all, 72 isolates of c. orbiculare from culti ... | 2007 | 18943689 |
| fungal control of pathogenic fungi isolated from wild plants in taif governorate, saudia arabia. | twenty two plants were collected from taif governorate and identified as: euphorbia glomerifera, juniperus procera, launaea mucronata, capparis dcidua, punica granatum, opuntia ficus, prunus persica, eucalyptus globulus, medicago sativa, artemisia monosperma, trichodesma calathiforme, artemisia judaica, foeniculum vulgare, phagnalon sinaicum, rumex dentatus, asphodelus aestives, pulicaria crispa, launae sonchoides, forsskaolea tenacissima, arnebia hispidissima, avena spp and aerva lanata. pathog ... | 2007 | 18928069 |
| ntp toxicity report of reproductive dose range-finding study of genistein (cas no. 446-72-0) administered in feed to sprague-dawley rats. | genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone that interacts with estrogen receptors and multiple other molecular targets. human exposure to genistein is predominantly through consumption of soy products, including soy-based infant formula and dietary supplements. a series of short-term studies with genistein was conducted with two goals: 1) to obtain data necessary to establish dose levels for subsequent multigeneration reproductive and chronic toxicity studies and 2) to evaluate the effects of ... | 2007 | 18685712 |
| metabolic fate of nicotinamide in higher plants. | metabolism of [carbonyl-14c]nicotinamide was surveyed in various plant materials including the model plants, arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa and lotus japonicus. in all plants studied, nicotinamide was used for the pyridine (nicotinamide adenine) nucleotide synthesis, probably after conversion to nicotinic acid. radioactivity from [carbonyl-14c]nicotinamide was incorporated into trigonelline (1-n-methylnicotinic acid) and/or into nicotinic acid 1n-glucoside (na-glc). trigonelline is formed ma ... | 2007 | 18251891 |
| application of thermotolerant microorganisms for biofertilizer preparation. | intensive agriculture is practised in taiwan, and compost application is very popular as a means of improving the soil physical properties and supplying plant nutrition. we tested the potential of inoculation with thermotolerant microorganisms to shorten the maturity and improve the quality of biofertilizer prepared by composting. | 2007 | 18087625 |
| [effects of lactational exposure to soy isoflavones on steroid receptor expression in neonate rat ovaries]. | to study the effects of lactational exposure to soy isoflavones (sif) on ovary development in neonate rats. | 2007 | 18095567 |
| lead toxicity in alfalfa plants exposed to phytohormones and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid monitored by peroxidase, catalase, and amylase activities. | this manuscript describes the toxicity of lead in alfalfa plants treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and the phytohormones indole-3-acetic-acid (iaa), gibberellic acid (ga), and kinetin (kn), on catalase (cat), ascorbate peroxidase (apox), and total amylase activity (taa). in all cases pb was used at 40 mg/l; edta at 0.2 mm (equimolar to pb); and iaa, ga, and kn at 1, 10, and 100 microm, respectively. an experiment containing pb at 40 mg/l, 0.2 mm edta, and iaa and kn at 100 micr ... | 2007 | 18020698 |
| mathematical modeling and assessment of microbial migration during the sprouting of alfalfa in trays in a nonuniformly contaminated seed batch using enterobacter aerogenes as a surrogate for salmonella stanley. | raw seed sprouts have been implicated in several food poisoning outbreaks in the past 10 years. the u.s. food and drug administration recommends that sprout growers use interventions (such as testing of spent irrigation water) to control the presence of pathogens in the finished product. during the sprouting process, initially low concentrations of pathogen may increase, and contamination may spread within a batch of sprouting seeds. a model of pathogen growth as a function of time and distance ... | 2007 | 18044441 |
| outbreak of salmonella weltevreden infections in norway, denmark and finland associated with alfalfa sprouts, july-october 2007. | 2007 | 18053569 | |
| suggesting the use of integrated methods for vole population management in alfalfa fields. | human-made agro-ecosystems lack negative feedback controls, which may result in rodent population explosions, causing considerable economic loss and thus increasing human-wildlife conflicts. the traditional solution is the extensive use of rodenticides, which have a negative impact on the environment. in beit-sheaan valley, israel, which is located on a major route for migrating birds, poisoning of voles may result in the death of birds that prey on the dead voles (e.g. storks and herons). in th ... | 2007 | 21396034 |
| enod40 gene expression and cytokinin responses in the nonnodulating, nonmycorrhizal (nodmyc) mutant, masym3, of melilotus alba desr. | several nonnodulating, nonmycorrhizal (nod(-)myc(-)) mutants of melilotus alba desr. (white sweetclover) have been described. however, the details of their responses to sinorhizobium meliloti have not been fully elucidated. we investigated rhizobial entry and colonization using confocal scanning laser microscopy on the masym1-5 mutants and isolated an early nodulin (enod40) gene from wild-type m. alba. we focused on masym3, the least responsive of the mutants to s. meliloti and va-fungi, to dete ... | 2007 | 19516966 |
| root rot disease of legumes caused by aphanomyces euteiches. | the oomycete genus aphanomyces houses plant and animal pathogens found in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. aphanomyces euteiches drechs. causes seedling damping off and root rot diseases on many legumes. it is the most devastating pea (pisum sativum) disease in several countries, causing up to 80% losses each year. this strictly soil-borne pathogen may survive many years in soil and no efficient chemical control is currently available. the only way to control the disease is to avoid cultiv ... | 2007 | 20507520 |
| [the effect of combined and separate inoculation of alfalfa plants with azospirillum lipoferum and sinorhizobium meliloti on denitrification and nitrogen-fixing activities]. | the effects of associative nitrogen fixer azospirillum lipoferum strain 137 and root nodule bacteria sinorhizobium meliloti after combined and separate inoculation of alfalfa seedlings on the background of mineral nitrogen applied at various times were studied. it was demonstrated that exudates of the alfalfa seedlings with the first pair of cotyledonary leaves already provide a high activity of these bacteria in the rhizosphere. to 74.6% of the introduced nitrate was transformed into n2o when t ... | 2007 | 17619579 |
| molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. i. salmonella enteritidis colonization and virulence gene hila response. | the objectives of this study were to enumerate salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in fecal, cecal, and internal organs, and to compare the level of virulence gene expression (hila) of experimentally challenged laying hens fed different dietary molt-induction regimens. twelve salmonella-free single comb leghorn hens (>50 wk old) hens were randomly assigned to each of 6 treatment groups designated based on diet in 2 trials: 1) feed withdrawal salmonella enteritidis-positive (fw+) ... | 2007 | 17626806 |
| how rhizobial symbionts invade plants: the sinorhizobium-medicago model. | nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria and leguminous plants have evolved complex signal exchange mechanisms that allow a specific bacterial species to induce its host plant to form invasion structures through which the bacteria can enter the plant root. once the bacteria have been endocytosed within a host-membrane-bound compartment by root cells, the bacteria differentiate into a new form that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. bacterial differentiation and nitrogen fixation are depend ... | 2007 | 17632573 |
| evaluating the conjugated linoleic acid and trans 18:1 isomers in milk fat of dairy cows fed increasing amounts of sunflower oil and a constant level of fish oil. | the objective was to evaluate different levels of sun-flower oil (sfo) in dairy rations to increase vaccenic (trans-11-18:1) and rumenic acids (cis-9,trans-11-18:2) in milk fat, and assess the content and composition of other trans-octadecenoic (trans-18:1) and conjugated linoleic acids (cla) isomers. eighty lactating holstein cows were fed control diets for 4 wk and then placed on 4 diets for 38 d; milk fat was analyzed after 10 and 38 d. the treatments were: control, 1.5% sfo plus 0.5% fish oi ... | 2007 | 17638990 |
| depression in feed intake by a highly fermentable diet is related to plasma insulin concentration and insulin response to glucose infusion. | the effects of dietary starch fermentability on feed intake and nutrient digestibility were evaluated in a crossover study, which was also designed to find factors that predict individual variation in feed intake response to starch fermentability. thirty-two multiparous holstein cows (121 +/- 48 d in milk, 44 +/- 7 kg/d of milk yield; mean +/- sd) were randomly assigned to treatment sequence and were fed a diet intermediate to the treatments during a preliminary 28-d period. treatments were dry ... | 2007 | 17638994 |
| the expr/sin quorum-sensing system controls succinoglycan production in sinorhizobium meliloti. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a gram-negative soil bacterium capable of forming a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing relationship with its plant host, medicago sativa. various bacterially produced factors are essential for successful nodulation. for example, at least one of two exopolysaccharides produced by s. meliloti (succinoglycan or eps ii) is required for nodule invasion. both of these polymers are produced in high- and low-molecular-weight (hmw and lmw, respectively) fractions; however, only the lmw f ... | 2007 | 17644606 |
| population genetic structure based on ssr markers in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) from various regions contiguous to the centres of origin of the species. | 2007 | 17656850 | |
| 'candidatus phytoplasma lycopersici', a phytoplasma associated with 'hoja de perejil' disease in bolivia. | new diseases known locally as 'hoja de perejil' of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill) and 'brotes grandes' of potato (solanum tuberosum l.) were first recognized in surveys of production fields in bolivia during 2000-2003. alfalfa (medicago sativa) witches' broom and little leaf diseases of native weeds morrenia variegata and mora-mora (serjania perulacea) were also identified near to production fields. phytoplasma aetiology was attributed to each of these diseases following detection and ini ... | 2007 | 17684241 |
| thermal inactivation of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 on alfalfa seeds. | alfalfa seeds inoculated with five strains of salmonella or escherichia coli o157:h7 were subjected to dry heat at 55 degrees c for up to 8 days. five-log reductions in salmonella or e. coli o157:h7 on seeds were observed. no pathogens were detected on the sprouted seeds, which were initially inoculated with ca. 2 log cfu/g of salmonella or more than 8 log cfu/g of e. coli o157:h7. the percentages of germination of the alfalfa seeds did not significantly decrease after 6 days of heating at 55 de ... | 2007 | 17685345 |
| prediction of mhc binding peptides and epitopes from alfalfa mosaic virus. | peptide fragments from alfalfa mosaic virus involved multiple antigenic components directing and empowering the immune system to protect the host from infection. mhc molecules are cell surface proteins, which take active part in host immune reactions and involvement of mhc class-i & ii in response to almost all antigens. coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus contains 221 aa residues. analysis found five mhc ligands in coat protein as 64-lssfnglgv-72; 86- rileedliy-94; 96-mvfsitpsy-104; 100- itpsy ... | 2007 | 17691913 |
| short communication: effect of increasing levels of corn bran on milk yield and composition. | thirty-nine lactating holstein cows (23 multiparous and 16 primiparous) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a crossover design. dietary treatments differed by the proportion of corn bran [10, 17.5, and 25% dry matter (dm); designated as low, medium, and high] replacing corn silage and alfalfa. the corn bran coproduct contained 8.2% moisture and 12.9% crude protein, 30.4% neutral detergent fiber (ndf), and 45.0% nonfiber carbohydrate, 9.9% ether extract, and 0.70% p (dm basis). ... | 2007 | 17699051 |
| manure nutrient excretion by lactating cows fed exogenous phytase and cellulase. | the effect of an exogenous phytase and cellulase-containing enzyme formulation on nutrient digestibility and excretion was evaluated in 24 holstein cows. cows were fed corn silage- and alfalfa silage-based diets with or without a cellulase-phytase blend for 31 d in a continuous random design. treatment groups were balanced for parity, days in milk, and mature-equivalent projected milk yield. diets contained 37% forage, 18.3% crude protein, 35.4% neutral detergent fiber, 18% acid detergent fiber, ... | 2007 | 17699056 |