Publications

hepcidin-induced hypoferremia is a critical host defense mechanism against the siderophilic bacterium vibrio vulnificus.	hereditary hemochromatosis, an iron overload disease caused by a deficiency in the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, is associated with lethal infections by siderophilic bacteria. to elucidate the mechanisms of this susceptibility, we infected wild-type and hepcidin-deficient mice with the siderophilic bacterium vibrio vulnificus and found that hepcidin deficiency results in increased bacteremia and decreased survival of infected mice, which can be partially ameliorated by dietary iron depletion ...	2015	25590758
cyclo(phe-pro) produced by the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus inhibits host innate immune responses through the nf-κb pathway.	cyclo(phe-pro) (cfp) is a secondary metabolite produced by certain bacteria and fungi. although recent studies highlight the role of cfp in cell-to-cell communication by bacteria, its role in the context of the host immune response is poorly understood. in this study, we investigated the role of cfp produced by the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus in the modulation of innate immune responses toward the pathogen. cfp suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and reacti ...	2015	25561711
danger on a half shell: vibrio vulnificus septicemia.		2015	25555549
to notify or not to notify: decision aid for policy makers on whether to make an infectious disease mandatorily notifiable.	mandatory notification can be a useful tool to support infectious disease prevention and control. guidelines are needed to help policymakers decide whether mandatory notification of an infectious disease is appropriate. we developed a decision aid, based on a range of criteria previously used in the netherlands or in other regions to help decide whether to make a disease notifiable. criteria were categorised as being effective, feasible and necessary with regard to the relevance of mandatory not ...	2015	26530302
all three tonb systems are required for vibrio vulnificus cmcp6 tissue invasiveness by controlling flagellum expression.	tonb systems actively transport iron-bound substrates across the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria. vibrio vulnificus cmcp6, which causes fatal septicemia and necrotizing wound infections, possesses three active tonb systems. it is not known why v. vulnificus cmcp6 has maintained three tonb systems throughout its evolution. the tonb1 and tonb2 systems are relatively well characterized, while the pathophysiological function of the tonb3 system is still elusive. a reverse transcription-pcr ...	2015	26527216
vibrio vulnificus necrotizing fasciitis associated with acupuncture.	necrotizing fasciitis is a severe life-threatening infection of the deep subcutaneous tissues and fascia. infection with vibrio vulnificus, a halophilic gram-negative bacillus found worldwide in warm coastal waters, can lead to severe complications, particularly among patients with chronic liver diseases. we herein present an unusual case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by v. vulnificus triggered by acupuncture needle insertion. the patient, who suffered from diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic f ...	2015	26500738
correction: the cababc operon essential for biofilm and rugose colony development in vibrio vulnificus.	[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005192.].	2015	26496079
antibacterial activity of neem nanoemulsion and its toxicity assessment on human lymphocytes in vitro.	neem (azadirachta indica) is recognized as a medicinal plant well known for its antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. neem nanoemulsion (ne) (o/w) is formulated using neem oil, tween 20, and water by high-energy ultrasonication. the formulated neem ne showed antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogen vibrio vulnificus by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane. despite the use of neem ne in various biomedical applications, the toxicity stud ...	2015	26491309
draft genome sequence of the pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus v252 biotype 1, isolated in israel.	we report the genome sequence of the pathogenic vibrio vulnificus biotype 1 clade b, which is suggested to have a common ancestor with biotype 3. this draft genome of the clinical strain v252, isolated in israel, represents the clonal clade b group that contains both clinical and environmental strains.	2015	26472833
severe septicemia, necrotizing fasciitis, and peritonitis due to vibrio vulnificus in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a case report.	chronic kidney disease, including end-stage renal disease, has been identified as a possible risk factor for primary septicemia and wound infection by vibrio vulnificus. however, cases of severe septicemia, necrotizing fasciitis, and peritonitis caused by v. vulnificus in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) have not been described. we report a case of severe septicemia, necrotizing fasciitis, and peritonitis due to v. vulnificus in a patient undergoing capd after ...	2015	26467000
erratum to: identification of the vibrio vulnificus htpg gene and its influence on cold shock recovery.		2015	26428926
presence of nitric oxide-sensing systems in the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus.	vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic estuarine bacterium, but this species causes fatal septicemia in humans. v. vulnificus may encounter many kinds of stresses either in the natural environment or in the human body. one of the striking stresses is the exposure to the reactive oxygen species including nitric oxide (no). the present study revealed that no could participate in the regulation of the v. vulnificus community behavior. when the bacterium was cultivated in the presence of sub-lethal doses ...	2015	26412700
safety and vaccine efficacy of an attenuated vibrio vulnificus strain with deletions in major cytotoxin genes.	vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen causing a rapidly progressing fatal septicemia. we have previously reported that a v. vulnificus large toxin rtxa1 causes programmed necrotic cell death through calcium-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. here we developed a live attenuated vaccine strain (cmm781) having deletions in three genes encoding major virulence factors: rtx cytotoxin (rtxa1), hemolysin/cytolysin (vvha) and metalloprotease (vvpe) of a clinical isolate strain cmcp6. the cmm781 strain ...	2015	26381905
clinical and environmental genotypes of vibrio vulnificus display distinct, quorum-sensing-mediated, chitin detachment dynamics.	the ability for bacteria to attach to and detach from various substrata is important for colonization, survival and transitioning to new environments. an opportunistic human pathogen, vibrio vulnificus, can cause potentially fatal septicemia after ingestion of undercooked seafood. based on genetic polymorphisms, strains of this species are subtyped into clinical (c) and environmental (e) genotypes. vibrio vulnificus readily associates with chitin, thus we investigated chitin detachment dynamics ...	2015	26377182
correlations between clinical features and mortality in patients with vibrio vulnificus infection.	vibrio vulnificus is a common gram-negative bacterium, which might cause morbidity and mortality in patients following consumption of seafood or exposure to seawater in southeast china. we retrospectively analyzed clinical data of patients with laboratory confirmed v. vulnificus infection. twenty one patients were divided into a survival group and a non-surviving (or death) group according to their clinical outcome. clinical data and measurements were statistically analyzed. four patients (19.05 ...	2015	26274504
expression, purification, crystallization and x-ray crystallographic analysis of the periplasmic binding protein vatd from vibrio vulnificus m2799.	vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic marine microorganism which causes gastroenteritis and primary septicaemia in humans. an important factor that determines the survival of v. vulnificus in the human body is its ability to acquire iron. vatd is a periplasmic siderophore-binding protein from v. vulnificus m2799. the current study reports the expression, purification and crystallization of vatd. crystals of both apo vatd and a vatd-desferrioxamine b-fe(3+) (vatd-fob) complex were obtained. the cryst ...	2015	26249703
vibrio vulnificus vvpe stimulates il-1β production by the hypomethylation of the il-1β promoter and nf-κb activation via lipid raft-dependent anxa2 recruitment and reactive oxygen species signaling in intestinal epithelial cells.	an inflammatory response is a hallmark of necrosis evoked by bacterial pathogens. vibrio vulnificus, vvpe, is an elastase that is responsible for tissue necrosis and inflammation; however, the molecular mechanism by which it regulates host cell death has not been characterized. in the present study, we investigate the cellular mechanism of vvpe with regard to host cell death and the inflammatory response of human intestinal epithelial (int-407) cells. the recombinant protein (r)vvpe (50 pg/ml) c ...	2015	26223656
an enriched european eel transcriptome sheds light upon host-pathogen interactions with vibrio vulnificus.	infectious diseases are one of the principal bottlenecks for the european eel recovery. the aim of this study was to develop a new molecular tool to be used in host-pathogen interaction experiments in the eel. to this end, we first stimulated adult eels with different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), extracted rna from the immune-related tissues and sequenced the transcriptome. we obtained more than 2 x 10(6) reads that were assembled and annotated into 45,067 new descriptions wit ...	2015	26207370
draft genome sequence of environmental bacterium vibrio vulnificus cladea-yb158.	we report the genome sequence of the environmental vibrio vulnificus biotype 1_cladea. this draft genome of the cladea-yb158 strain, isolated in israel, represents this newly emerged clonal group that contains both clinical and environmental strains.	2015	26205875
the biology of vibrio vulnificus.	vibrio vulnificus, carrying a 50% fatality rate, is the most deadly of the foodborne pathogens. it occurs in estuarine and coastal waters and it is found in especially high numbers in oysters and other molluscan shellfish. the biology of v. vulnificus, including its ecology, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics, has been described in numerous reviews. this article provides a brief summary of some of the key aspects of this important human pathogen, including information on biotypes and genotypes ...	2015	26185084
the fish pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2: epidemiology, phylogeny, and virulence factors involved in warm-water vibriosis.	vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is the etiological agent of warm-water vibriosis, a disease that affects eels and other teleosts, especially in fish farms. biotype 2 is polyphyletic and probably emerged from aquatic bacteria by acquisition of a transferable virulence plasmid that encodes resistance to innate immunity of eels and other teleosts. interestingly, biotype 2 comprises a zoonotic clonal complex designated as serovar e that has extended worldwide. one of the most interesting virulence facto ...	2015	26185080
development and characterization of a catalytically inactive cysteine protease domain of rtxa1/martxvv as a potential vaccine for vibrio vulnificus.	recent studies have defined several virulence factors as vaccine candidates against vibrio vulnificus. however, most of these factors have the potential to cause pathogenic effects in the vaccinees or induce incomplete protection. to overcome these drawbacks, a catalytically inactive form, cpdvv (c3725s), of the well-conserved cysteine protease domain (cpd) of v. vulnificus multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martxvv /rtxa1) was recombinantly generated and characterized. notably, ac ...	2015	26177798
functional analyses of resurrected and contemporary enzymes illuminate an evolutionary path for the emergence of exolysis in polysaccharide lyase family 2.	family 2 polysaccharide lyases (pl2s) preferentially catalyze the β-elimination of homogalacturonan using transition metals as catalytic cofactors. pl2 is divided into two subfamilies that have been generally associated with secretion, mg(2+) dependence, and endolysis (subfamily 1) and with intracellular localization, mn(2+) dependence, and exolysis (subfamily 2). when present within a genome, pl2 genes are typically found as tandem copies, which suggests that they provide complementary activiti ...	2015	26160170
manganese is an additional cation that enhances colonial phase variation of vibrio vulnificus.	vibrio vulnificus, an inhabitant of marine and estuarine environments around the world, is the leading cause of reported seafood-related deaths in the united states. disease is caused by opaque colony-forming strains that produce capsular polysaccharide, loss of which results in an unencapsulated translucent phenotype with diminished virulence potential. rugose is a third phenotypic variant of v. vulnificus, and produces a separate exopolysaccharide that results in a dry, wrinkled appearance and ...	2015	26147440
evaluation of recombinant leukocidin domain of vvha exotoxin of vibrio vulnificus as an effective toxoid in mouse model.	vibrio vulnificus hemolysin a (vvha) is a pore forming toxin and plays an important role in the pathogenesis. the hemolytic and cytotytic property of vvha toxin is associated with n-terminal leukocidin domain which triggers apoptotic signaling cascade in epithelial cells. the present study was undertaken to assess the protective efficacy of recombinant vvha leukocidin domain (rl/vvha) against vvha toxin challenge using in vitro and in vivo assays. the rl/vvha protein was found to be non-toxic wi ...	2015	26141623
molecular and physical factors that influence attachment of vibrio vulnificus to chitin.	the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood-related deaths in the united states. strains are genotyped on the basis of alleles that correlate with isolation source, with clinical (c)-genotype strains being more often implicated in disease and environmental (e)-genotype strains being more frequently isolated from oysters and estuarine waters. previously, we have shown that the ecologically distinct c- and e-genotype strains of v. vulnificus display different degrees of ch ...	2015	26116670
vibrio vulnificus vvpe inhibits mucin 2 expression by hypermethylation via lipid raft-mediated ros signaling in intestinal epithelial cells.	mucin is an important physical barrier against enteric pathogens. vvpe is an elastase encoded by gram-negative bacterium vibrio vulnificus; however, the functional role of vvpe in intestinal mucin (muc) production is yet to be elucidated. the recombinant protein (r) vvpe significantly reduced the level of muc2 in human mucus-secreting ht29-mtx cells. the repression of muc2 induced by rvvpe was highly susceptible to the knockdown of intelectin-1b (itln) and sequestration of cholesterol by methyl- ...	2015	26086960
site-specific processing of ras and rap1 switch i by a martx toxin effector domain.	ras (rat sarcoma) protein is a central regulator of cell growth and proliferation. mutations in the ras gene are known to occur in human cancers and have been shown to contribute to carcinogenesis. in this study, we show that the multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martx) toxin-effector domain duf5(vv) from vibrio vulnificus to be a site-specific endopeptidase that cleaves within the switch 1 region of ras and rap1. duf5(vv) processing of ras, which occurs both biochemically and in ...	2015	26051945
kissing loop interaction in adenine riboswitch: insights from umbrella sampling simulations.	riboswitches are cis-acting regulatory rna elements prevalently located in the leader sequences of bacterial mrna. an adenine sensing riboswitch cis-regulates adeninosine deaminase gene (add) in vibrio vulnificus. the structural mechanism regulating its conformational changes upon ligand binding mostly remains to be elucidated. in this open framework it has been suggested that the ligand stabilizes the interaction of the distal "kissing loop" complex. using accurate full-atom molecular dynamics ...	2015	26051557
analysis of vibrio vulnificus infection risk when consuming depurated raw oysters.	a beta poisson dose-response model for vibrio vulnificus food poisoning cases leading to septicemia was used to evaluate the effect of depuration at 15 °c on the estimated health risk associated with raw oyster consumption. statistical variability sources included v. vulnificus level at harvest, time and temperature during harvest and transportation to processing plants, decimal reductions (sv) observed during experimental circulation depuration treatments, refrigerated storage time before consu ...	2015	26038900
model for end-stage liver disease (meld) score as a predictor and monitor of mortality in patients with vibrio vulnificus necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections.	vibrio vulnificus necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (vnsstis) usually predispose patients with or without preexisting liver disease to septic shock, and then evolve to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (mods), thus resulting in high mortality in humans. however, clinicians do not have a valid prediction model to provide a reliable estimate of case-fatality rate when caring for these acutely and/or critically ill patients.	2015	25923115
vibrio vulnificus rtxa1 modulated calcium flux contributes reduced internalization in phagocytes.	vibrio vulnificusis an opportunistic pathogen that causes primary septicemia and wound infection with high mortality rate. this pathogen produces an rtx toxin (rtxa1) which can cause host cell rounding, cell death and interference with internalization by host phagocytes. however, the mechanism of rtxa1-induced phagocyte paralysis is not clear.	2015	25916802
stationary-phase induction of vvps expression by three transcription factors: repression by leuo and activation by smcr and crp.	an exoprotease of vibrio vulnificus, vvps, exhibits an autolytic function during the stationary phase. to understand how vvps expression is controlled, the regulators involved in vvps transcription and their regulatory mechanisms were investigated. leuo was isolated in a ligand-fishing experiment, and experiments using a leuo-deletion mutant revealed that leuo represses vvps transcription. leuo bound the extended region including leuo-binding site (lbs)-i and lbs-ii. further screening of additio ...	2015	25869813
host-pathogen interactions in vibrio vulnificus: responses of monocytes and vascular endothelial cells to live bacteria.	to demonstrate that vibrio vulnificus, a sepsis-related aquatic pathogen, can provoke a strong pro-inflammatory reaction in blood-associated target cells.	2015	25865188
identification of novel inflammatory cytokines and contribution of keratinocyte-derived chemokine to inflammation in response to vibrio vulnificus infection in mice.	currently, only tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) and interleukin family cytokines have been found to be elicited in vibrio vulnificus (v. vulnificus)-infected animal models and humans. however, multiple other cytokines are also involved in the immune and inflammatory responses to foreign microorganism infection. antibody array technology, unlike traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), is able to detect multiple cytokines at one time. therefore, in this study, we examined the pr ...	2015	25862020
molecular analysis of promoter and intergenic region attenuator of the vibrio vulnificus prx1ahpf operon.	prx1, an ahpf-dependent 2-cys peroxiredoxin (prx), was previously identified in vibrio vulnificus, a facultative aerobic pathogen. in the present study, transcription of the v. vulnificus prx1ahpf genes, which are adjacently located on the chromosome, was evaluated by analyzing the promoter and intergenic region of the two genes. northern blot analyses revealed that transcription of prx1ahpf results in two transcripts, the prx1 and prx1ahpf transcripts. primer extension analysis and a point muta ...	2015	25824432
vibrio vulnificus detected in the spleen leads to fatal outcome in a mouse oral infection model.	vibrio vulnificus causes rapid disseminating septicemia by oral infection in infected individuals who have an underlying disease, especially chronic liver diseases. although the elucidation of specific risk factors for v. vulnificus infection in patients with liver diseases is of urgent importance, no appropriate experimental animal model that mimics the liver diseases in this bacterial infection has been available so far. to discover these risk factors, we generated a liver disordered mouse by ...	2015	25790509
signature-tagged mutagenesis of vibrio vulnificus.	vibrio vulnificus is the causative agent of primary septicemia, wound infection and gastroenteritis in immunocompromised people. in this study, signature-tagged mutagenesis (stm) was applied to identify the virulence genes of v. vulnificus. using stm, 6,480 mutants in total were constructed and divided into 81 sets (input pools); each mutant in a set was assigned a different tag. each input pool was intraperitoneally injected into iron-overloaded mice, and in vivo surviving mutants were collecte ...	2015	25755021
evaluation of the bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system for identification of blood isolates of vibrio species.	among 56 blood isolates of vibrio species identified by sequencing analysis of 16s rrna and rpob genes, the bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) system correctly identified all isolates of vibrio vulnificus (n = 20), v. parahaemolyticus (n = 2), and v. fluvialis (n = 1) but none of the isolates of serogroup non-o1/o139 (non-serogroup o1, non-o139) v. cholerae (n = 33) to the species level. all of these serogroup non-o1/o139 v ...	2015	25740773
vibrio vulnificus vvha induces nf-κb-dependent mitochondrial cell death via lipid raft-mediated ros production in intestinal epithelial cells.	the gram-negative bacterium vibrio vulnificus produces hemolysin (vvha), which induces cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. however, our understanding of the cytotoxic mechanism and the modes of action of vvha are still fragmentary and incomplete. the recombinant protein (r) vvha (50 pg/ml) significantly induces necrotic cell death and apoptosis in human intestinal epithelial (int-407) cells. the apoptotic cell death induced by rvvha is highly susceptible to the sequestration of cholesterol by methy ...	2015	25695598
genetic characterization of vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from oyster samples in mexico.	vibrio vulnificus strains were isolated from oysters that were collected at the main seafood market in mexico city. strains were characterized with regard to vvha, vcg genotype, pfge, multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and rtxa1. analyses included a comparison with rtxa1 reference sequences. environmental (vcge) and clinical (vcgc) genotypes were isolated at nearly equal percentages. pfge had high heterogeneity, but the strains clustered by vcge or vcgc genotype. select housekeeping genes for ml ...	2015	25651067
vvpm induces human cell death via multifarious modes including necroptosis and autophagy.	vvpm, one of the extracellular metalloproteases produced by vibrio vulnificus, induces apoptotic cell death via a pathway consisting of erk activation, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspases-9 and -3. vvpm-treated cells also showed necrotic cell death as stained by propidium iodide (pi). the percentage of pi-stained cells was decreased by pretreatment with necrostatin-1, indicating that vvpm-mediated cell death occurs through necroptosis. the appearance of autophagic vesicles and lipid ...	2015	25649984
tetanus toxin fragment c fused to flagellin makes a potent mucosal vaccine.	recombinant subunit vaccines provide safe and targeted protection against microbial infections. however, the protective efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines tends to be less potent than the whole cell vaccines, especially when they are administered through mucosal routes. we have reported that a bacterial flagellin has strong mucosal adjuvant activity to induce protective immune responses. in this study, we tested whether flab could be used as a fusion partner of subunit vaccine for tetanus.	2015	25649002
prevalence and characterisation of non-cholerae vibrio spp. in final effluents of wastewater treatment facilities in two districts of the eastern cape province of south africa: implications for public health.	vibrios and other enteric pathogens can be found in wastewater effluents of a healthy population. we assessed the prevalence of three non-cholerae vibrios in wastewater effluents of 14 wastewater treatment plants (wwtp) in chris hani and amathole district municipalities in the eastern cape province of south africa for a period of 12 months. with the exception of wwtp10 where presumptive vibrios were not detected in summer and spring, presumptive vibrios were detected in all seasons in other wwtp ...	2015	25167817
assessing the function of stas domain protein sypa in vibrio fischeri using a comparative analysis.	colonization of the squid euprymna scolopes by vibrio fischeri requires biofilm formation dependent on the 18-gene symbiosis polysaccharide locus, syp. one key regulator, sypa, controls biofilm formation by an as-yet unknown mechanism; however, it is known that sypa itself is regulated by sype. biofilm-proficient strains form wrinkled colonies on solid media, while sypa mutants form biofilm-defective smooth colonies. to begin to understand the function of sypa, we used comparative analyses and m ...	2015	26284045
effects of dry storage and resubmersion of oysters on total vibrio vulnificus and total and pathogenic (tdh+/trh+) vibrio parahaemolyticus levels.	vibrio vulnificus (vv) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) are the two leading causes of bacterial illnesses associated with raw shellfish consumption. levels of these pathogens in oysters can increase during routine antifouling aquaculture practices involving dry storage in ambient air conditions. after storage, common practice is to resubmerge these stored oysters to reduce elevated vv and vp levels, but evidence proving the effectiveness of this practice is lacking. this study examined the chang ...	2015	26219373
suspension of oysters reduces the populations of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus.	vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) and vibrio vulnificus (vv) are associated with the consumption of raw oysters and cause illnesses ranging from simple gastroenteritis to life-threatening septicaemia. these halophilic bacteria are frequently found in marine and estuarine systems, accumulating within the tissues of a number of aquatic organisms and passing on to humans after consumption, through contaminated water, or via open wounds. as benthic organisms capable of filtering 40 gallons of water per h ...	2015	26031606
recreational swimmers' exposure to vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in the chesapeake bay, maryland, usa.	vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus are ubiquitous in the marine-estuarine environment, but the magnitude of human non-ingestion exposure to these waterborne pathogens is largely unknown. we evaluated the magnitude of dermal exposure to v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus among swimmers recreating in vibrio-populated waters by conducting swim studies at four swimming locations in the chesapeake bay in 2009 and 2011. volunteers (n=31) swam for set time periods, and surface water (n=25 ...	2015	25454225
development of a matrix tool for the prediction of vibrio species in oysters harvested from north carolina.	the united states has federal regulations in place to reduce the risk of seafood-related infection caused by the estuarine bacteria vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus. however, data to support the development of regulations have been generated in a very few specific regions of the nation. more regionally specific data are needed to further understand the dynamics of human infection relating to shellfish-harvesting conditions in other areas. in this study, oysters and water were collec ...	2015	25452288
temperature effect on high salinity depuration of vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus from the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica).	vibrio vulnificus (vv) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) are opportunistic human pathogens naturally associated with the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica. the abundances of both pathogens in oysters are positively correlated with temperature, thus ingestion of raw oysters during the warm summer months is a risk factor for contracting illness from these bacteria. current post-harvest processing (php) methods for elimination of these pathogens are expensive and kill the oyster, changing their o ...	2015	25310264
vibrio vulnificus infection in southern brazil -- case report.	the genus vibrio is a member of the family vibrionaceae, and among their disease-causing species, vibrio vulnificus, a lactose-positive gram-negative bacillus, is one of the most virulent pathogen of the noncholerae vibrios. we describe the case of a 39-year-old male patient, who was using immunosuppressive therapy, admitted to the hospital for liver transplantation. twelve hours later, the patient presented high fever, myalgia, anuria and erythematous plaques on lower limbs, of rapid growth and ...	2015	23793212
deoxy oligonucleotide synthesis via the triester method.		2015	4687708
[a method of determining dissolved gases during cultivation of methane oxidizing microorganisms].		2015	4598404
[newly designed ultraviolet light monochromator].		2015	4542243
chromosomal abnormalities in spleens of new zealand black mice, a strain characterized by autoimmunity and malignancy.	mosaicism of normal and chromosomally aberrant cells was detected in 14 of 20 spleens from adult new zealand black (nzb) mice reared under conventional conditions, a strain that spontaneously develops autoimmunity and lymphoreticular malignancy. no abnormalities were found in marrows from these same animals or in spleens from nzb mice younger than 3 months. the prevalence of chromosomal aberrations was significantly higher in spleens from nzb mice than in spleens from the two other strains studi ...	2015	4515606
steroid therapy in tonsillectomy.		2015	5014392
a study of stress and coronary heart disease in an urban population.		2015	4513127
transanal technique in low rectal anastomosis.		2015	4565861
[anatomical contributions of schaffhausen medical school of the 17th century].		2015	4569048
case finding of heart disease in homeless men.		2015	4513122
[clinical evaluation of non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent, metiazinic acid (16091 r.p.) in oral regions (author's transl)].		2015	4524130
[resistance of different tissues to autolytic processes].		2015	4658092
[current therapeutic data concerning mastodynia and benign mastopathies].		2015	4650527
[immunoglobulin level in blood serum of newborns and healthy infants up to 3 years old (author's transl)].		2015	4409781
[4 cases of calcifying pancreatitis in hemochromatosis].		2015	4314829
isotope cisternography and ventriculography in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus.		2015	4448311
the five-two program: an integrated approach to treating severely disturbed children.		2015	4704625
early photography, goitre, and james inglis.		2015	4573307
dark recovery of erp in isolated octopus retina.		2015	4648395
a symposium on prostatic carcinoma from the institute of urology.		2015	4498274
proceedings: 'bonneau report raises question of health research in quebec'.		2015	4415217
behavioral studies of noise-induced hearing loss in primates: loudness recruitment.		2015	4351038
host-like carbohydrates promote bloodstream survival of vibrio vulnificus in vivo.	sialic acids are found on all vertebrate cell surfaces and are part of a larger class of molecules known as nonulosonic acids. many bacterial pathogens synthesize related nine-carbon backbone sugars; however, the role(s) of these non-sialic acid molecules in host-pathogen interactions is poorly understood. vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood-related death in the united states due to its ability to quickly access the host bloodstream, which it can accomplish through gastrointestinal ...	2015	26015477
vibrio vulnificus secretes an insulin-degrading enzyme that promotes bacterial proliferation in vivo.	we describe a novel insulin-degrading enzyme, sidc, that contributes to the proliferation of the human bacterial pathogen vibrio vulnificus in a mouse model. sidc is phylogenetically distinct from other known insulin-degrading enzymes and is expressed and secreted specifically during host infection. purified sidc causes a significant decrease in serum insulin levels and an increase in blood glucose levels in mice. a comparison of mice infected with wild type v. vulnificus or an isogenic sidc-del ...	2015	26041774
[late results after therapy of temporomandibular joint luxation using the so called bridle operation].		2015	4508534
[tests for infectious mononucleosis and malignant lymphoreticulopathies].		2015	4801113
the treatment of obesity.		2015	4573726
[functional disorders of the biliary tracts].		2015	4553777
ventricular parasystole and re-entry: clinical-electrophysiological correlations.		2015	4406989
optometry college admission test.		2015	4473899
conformational changes in erythrocyte membranes by prostaglandins as measured by circular dichroism.		2015	4477702
effectiveness and efficiency in therapy.		2015	4690387
[echographic findings in proliferative retinopathy].		2015	4647518
[calcified foci in school pupils as an index of prevalence of tuberculosis].		2015	4643908
the immunological response of cba mice to trypanosoma musculi. i. initial control of the infection and the effect of t-cell deprivation.		2015	4619878
[postoperative development of function in patients with bronchial carcinoma following lung resection: long term prognosis].		2015	4641501
perspectives in neuro-ophthalmology.		2015	4606901
[caucasian period of the activity of v. s. bobrovskiĭ (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)].		2015	4592872
[proceedings: earlier diagnosis of endometrium carcinoma].		2015	4801456
[proceedings: earlier diagnosis of endometrium carcinoma].		2015	4801456
[studies on the determination and evaluation of metamorphopsias. iv. metamorphopsias in correlation to coloured patterns of testcards].		2015	4537211
[surgical treatment of chronic nonspecific lung diseases].		2015	4662451
[methods of osteosynthesis in the jaw region].		2015	4513145
temporal lobe epilepsy due to drug withdrawal.		2015	4509764
the modulation transfer function as a performance specification for ophthalmic lens and protective devices.		2015	4502357
complex odontoma in the maxillary sinus.		2015	4518028
[bleeding in oral surgery].		2015	4542263
[role of the sanitary-epidemiological station in the elaboration and introduction of physiologically based recommendations in industrial enterprises].		2015	4464220
[comparison of therapeutic results in inflammations of the adnexa obtained with trypsin, adnexbacterin, floristen and betalactin (author's transl)].		2015	4800989
loudness discomfort level: selected methods and stimuli.		2015	4414517