Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| Detection of Citrobacter koseri carrying beta-lactamase KPC-2 in a hospitalised patient, Greece, July 2011. | This report describes the detection of Citrobacter koseri carrying K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC-2) isolated in July 2011 from a Greek patient, who was also colonised by a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain coproducing KPC-2 and Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM)-1. | 2011 | 22008199 |
| non-canonical inflammasome activation targets caspase-11. | caspase-1 activation by inflammasome scaffolds comprised of intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptors (nlrs) and the adaptor asc is believed to be essential for production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (il)-1β and il-18 during the innate immune response. here we show, with c57bl/6 casp11 gene-targeted mice, that caspase-11 (also known as caspase-4) is critical for caspase-1 activation and il-1β production in macrophages infected with escherichia ... | 2011 | 22002608 |
| late-onset citrobacter koseri endophthalmitis with suture exposure after secondary intraocular lens implantation. | a 54-year-old male patient was seen in clinic for ocular pain and decreased vision in the right eye with duration of two days. he underwent a cataract operation for his right eye 12 years ago, then a sclera-fixated secondary intraocular implantation and pars plana vitrectomy three years ago due to intraocular lens dislocation. at the initial visit, his visual acuity was restricted to the perception of hand motion. an edematous cornea, cells, flare with hypopyon, and exposed suture material at we ... | 2011 | 21860579 |
| bugs on film: the presence of bacterial rods (citrobacter koseri) on a routine blood film in a septic immunocompromised patient with a femoral vein line. | 2011 | 22234128 | |
| genetic features of blandm-1-positive enterobacteriaceae. | genetic features associated with the bla(ndm-1) gene were investigated in 6 escherichia coli, 7 klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 citrobacter freundii, 1 proteus mirabilis, and 1 providencia stuartii isolate of worldwide origin. clonal diversity was observed for both e. coli and k. pneumoniae. the bla(ndm-1) gene was carried by different plasmid types (inca/c, incf, incl/m, or untypeable) and was likely chromosome borne in two isolates. the bla(ndm-1) plasmids coharbored a variety of resistance determina ... | 2011 | 21859933 |
| the microbial flora associated with oral carcinomas. | changes in the microbial flora on the oral mucosa after cancerous alteration may lead to both local and systemic infections. in this study, we assessed the microbial flora associated with the surfaces of oral squamous cell carcinoma. a comparative evaluation of these microbial contents was made with that of the contralateral healthy mucosa and control (healthy) mucosa. we also assessed the microbial flora from the saliva culture in subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls. | 2011 | 21909494 |
| the rising problem of antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care unit. | abstract: mainly due to its extremely vulnerable population of critically ill patients, and the high use of (invasive) procedures, the intensive care unit (icu) is the epicenter of infections. these infections are associated with an important rise in morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. the additional problem of multidrug-resistant pathogens boosts the adverse impact of infections in icus. several factors influence the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens in the icu, e.g., new mu ... | 2011 | 22112929 |
| bacterial chemotaxis modulates host cell apoptosis to establish a t-helper cell, type 17 (th17)-dominant immune response in helicobacter pylori infection. | the host inflammatory response to chronic bacterial infections often dictates the disease outcome. in the case of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori, host inflammatory responses result in outcomes that range from moderate and asymptomatic to more severe with concomitant ulcer or cancers. it was found recently that h. pylori chemotaxis mutants (che(-)), which lack directed motility but colonize to nearly wild-type levels, trigger less host inflammation. we used these mutants to observe host ... | 2011 | 22106256 |
| New exoelectrogen Citrobacter sp. SX-1 isolated from a microbial fuel cell. | Isolation, identification and characterization of a new exoelectrogenic bacterium from a microbial fuel cell (MFC). | 2011 | 21854512 |
| perc and grla independently regulate ler expression in enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | ler, encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) of attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens, induces the expression of lee genes by counteracting the silencing exerted by h-ns. ler expression is modulated by several global regulators, and is activated by grla, which is also lee-encoded. typical enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) strains contain the eaf plasmid, which carries the perabc locus encoding perc. the precise role of perc in epec virulence gene regulation has remained uncle ... | 2011 | 21895790 |
| results of urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to the voiding method over 10 years in patients with spinal cord injury. | we studied the results of urine cultures and antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to the voiding method used by spinal cord injury (sci) patients over a recent 10-year period. | 2011 | 21687395 |
| Intestinal epithelial cells modulate CD4 T cell responses via the thymus leukemia antigen. | The intestinal epithelium is comprised of a monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), which provide, among other functions, a physical barrier between the high Ag content of the intestinal lumen and the sterile environment beyond the epithelium. IEC express a nonclassical MHC class I molecule known as the thymus leukemia (TL) Ag. TL is known to interact with CD8aa-expressing cells, which are abundant in the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment. In this report, we provide evide ... | 2011 | 21900182 |
| effects of the val211gly substitution on molecular dynamics of the cmy-2 cephalosporinase: implications on hydrolysis of expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. | cmy-30, a naturally occurring class c β-lactamase differing from the citrobacter freundii-derived cmy-2 by a val211gly substitution in the ω-loop, exhibits increased hydrolytic efficiency against ceftazidime and cefotaxime. kinetic constants of cmy-2 and cmy-30 against the latter substrates suggested that the improved efficiency of the gly211 variant was due to an increase in k(cat). the structural basis of the increased turn-over rates of oxyimino-cephalosporins caused by val211gly was studied ... | 2011 | 21989938 |
| high prevalence of qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr genes in both water-borne environmental bacteria and clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii in china. | we investigated the prevalence of qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr genes in water-borne environmental bacteria and in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, as well as the subtypes of qnr. environmental bacteria were isolated from surface water samples obtained from 10 different locations in hangzhou city, and clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii were isolated from several hospitals in four cities in china. qnra, qnrb, qnrs, and aac(6')-ib-cr genes were screened using pcr, and the genotypes were ana ... | 2011 | 22167061 |
| non-therapeutic administration of a model antimicrobial growth promoter modulates intestinal immune responses. | abstract: | 2011 | 21943280 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and its association with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacteriaceae. | we investigated the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and its association with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacteriaceae. | 2011 | 22016679 |
| Antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants against multiple antibiotic resistant uropathogens: a study from Kolli Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. | The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens necessitates medicinal plants as an alternate therapy in restricting the resistant infectious organisms. In this primitive study, the antibiotic resistance of organisms isolated from urinary tract infected patients was evaluated using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) method and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index values, and the MAR values was also calculated for plant extracts. The ... | 2011 | 21986363 |
| Altering host resistance to infections through microbial transplantation. | Host resistance to bacterial infections is thought to be dictated by host genetic factors. Infections by the natural murine enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (used as a model of human enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli infections) vary between mice strains, from mild self-resolving colonization in NIH Swiss mice to lethality in C3H/HeJ mice. However, no clear genetic component had been shown to be responsible for the differences observed with C. rodentium infections. Because th ... | 2011 | 22046427 |
| impact of healthcare-associated acquisition on community-onset gram-negative bloodstream infection: a population-based study : healthcare-associated gram-negative bsi. | we performed a population-based study to examine the influence of healthcare-associated acquisition on pathogen distribution, antimicrobial resistance, short- and long-term mortality of community-onset gram-negative bloodstream infections (bsi). we identified 733 unique patients with community-onset gram-negative bsi (306 healthcare-associated and 427 community-acquired) among olmsted county, minnesota, residents from 1 january 1998 to 31 december 2007. multivariate logistic regression was used ... | 2011 | 21983895 |
| specifics of the renal abscess in nephrology: observations of a clinic from a county hospital in western romania. | during the last years renal abscesses are being diagnosed with increasing frequency in nephrology departments. progresses achieved in imaging procedures permit a timely diagnosis of renal abscesses. at the same time modern antibiotic therapies permit the treatment of this disease in nephrology departments. in the current paper we present some specifics of renal abscess management encountered in a nephrology department in western romania. we performed a retrospective analysis of 2793 patients wit ... | 2011 | 22026254 |
| direct and indirect control of lrp on lee pathogenicity genes of citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium is a mouse pathogen that, because of its similarities with human enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) strains of escherichia coli is widely used as a model system for in vivo and in vitro studies. similarly to epec and ehec, c. rodentium carries the lee (locus of enterocyte effacement) pathogenicity island, encoding virulence factors essential for causing transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice by attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions. expression of the gen ... | 2011 | 22092863 |
| diversity of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae on hospital admission. | abstract extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae have become prevalent in both the hospital and the community. we describe the epidemiology of esbl-producing isolates and patient characteristics at hospital admission. data on clinical properties, medical history, previous hospitalizations, and previous antibiotic treatments were collected. esbl genes (bla(ctx-m), bla(tem), and bla(shv)) were identified by polymerase chain reaction. one hundred and sixteen patients car ... | 2011 | 22066775 |
| brain-gut interactions increase peripheral nociceptive signaling in mice with postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. | to investigate the peripheral sensory effects of repeated stress in patients with postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), we tested whether stress following self-limiting bacterial colitis increases colonic dorsal root ganglia (drg) nociceptive signaling. | 2011 | 21856270 |
| the aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates gut immunity through modulation of innate lymphoid cells. | innate lymphoid cells (ilcs) expressing the nuclear receptor rorγt are essential for gut immunity presumably through production of interleukin-22 (il-22). the molecular mechanism underlying the development of rorγt(+) ilcs is poorly understood. here, we have shown that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) plays an essential role in rorγt(+) ilc maintenance and function. expression of ahr in the hematopoietic compartment was important for accumulation of adult but not fetal intestinal rorγt(+) ilc ... | 2011 | 22177117 |
| the wxxxe effector espt triggers expression of immune mediators in an erk/jnk and nf-κb-dependent manner. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and citrobacter rodentium colonize their respective hosts while forming attaching and effacing lesions. their infection strategy relies on translocation of a battery of type iii secretion system effectors, including map, espm and espt, which belong to the wxxxe/sope family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors. using the c. rodentium mouse model we found that espt triggers expression of kc and tnfα in vivo. indeed, a gr ... | 2011 | 21848814 |
| Production of a conjugate vaccine for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from Citrobacter Vi. | A conjugate vaccine for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was produced by chemically linking Vi, purified from Citrobacter, to the non-toxic mutant diphtheria toxin CRM(197) via an adipic dihydrazide spacer using N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide coupling chemistry. The polysaccharide purification process was developed based on Vi precipitation from culture supernatant with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), solubilization of the CTA-polysaccharide salt with ethanol followed by ... | 2011 | 22172503 |
| Citrobacter freundii septicemia in a stranded newborn Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris). | Citrobacter freundii, a gram-negative enterobacterium, may cause fatal septicemia in humans and animals. Its potential pathogenic role in cetaceans (bottlenose dolphins and beluga whales) has been hypothesized. Here we describe fatal C. freundii septicemia in a stranded newborn Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris). | 2011 | 22102682 |
| bromate removal by anaerobic bacterial community: mechanism and phylogenetic characterization. | a highly bromate resistant bacterial community and with ability for bromate removal was obtained from a sulphate-reducing bacteria enrichment consortium. this community was able to remove 96% of bromate and 99% of sulphate from an aqueous solution containing 40 μm bromate and 10 mm sulphate. moreover, 93% of bromate was removed in the absence of sulphate. under this condition bromate was reduced stoichiometrically to bromide. however, in the presence of sulphate only 88% of bromate was reduced t ... | 2011 | 21982540 |
| abscess caused by citrobacter koseri infection: three case reports and a literature review. | in this report, we present 3 cases of abscess caused by citrobacter koseri. all infected patients recovered after initial empirical antibiotic treatment and percutaneous drainage of the abscess. we reviewed the literature and found 9 adult cases of c. koseri abscess. most of these patients recovered after timely antibiotic treatment and drainage. | 2011 | 21673472 |
| citrobacter peritonitis: two cases and review of the literature. | one of the uncommon gram negative organisms causing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients is citrobacter. because of this organism's resistant nature, treatment for citrobacter peritonitis may be difficult, and removal of the catheter may be necessary in refractory cases. here we present 2 cases of peritonitis caused by this organism and fully treated with antibiotics. the literature contains only a limited number of reports on citrobacter peritonitis, mostly case reports or portions of ge ... | 2011 | 21799055 |
| Effective cohorting and "superisolation" in a single intensive care unit in response to an outbreak of diverse multi-drug-resistant organisms. | Cohorting patients in dedicated hospital wards or wings during infection outbreaks reduces transmission of organisms, yet frequently, this may not be feasible because of inadequate capacity, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). We hypothesized that cohorting isolation patients in one geographic location in a single ICU and using enhanced isolation procedures ("superisolation") can prevent the further spread of highly multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDRO). | 2011 | 21936667 |
| Decolorizing activity of malachite green and its mechanisms involved in dye biodegradation by Achromobacter xylosoxidans MG1. | An Achromobacter xylosoxidans MG1 strainisolated from the effluent treatment plant of a textile and dyeing factory from Yunnan Province in China was found capable of decolorizing the malachite green dye at a high efficacy. Strain MG1 reduced 86% malachite green at the concentration of 2,000 mg/l within 1 h, representing a greater ability for decolorizing and a higher tolerance of this compound than all previously reported bacteria. Color removal was optimal at pH 6 and 38°C. Further experimental ... | 2011 | 21865764 |
| natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands control organogenesis of intestinal lymphoid follicles. | innate lymphoid cells (ilc) expressing the transcription factor rorγt induce the postnatal formation of intestinal lymphoid follicles and regulate intestinal homeostasis. rorγt(+) ilc express the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr), a highly conserved, ligand-inducible transcription factor believed to control adaptation of multicellular organisms to environmental challenges. we show that ahr is required for the postnatal expansion of intestinal rorγt(+) ilc and the formation of intestinal lymphoid f ... | 2011 | 22033518 |
| clinical predictors of pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia among gram-negative bacterial infections in non-neutropenic patients with solid tumor. | objectives: this study was performed to identify risk factors in pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia among gram-negative bacterial infections in non-neutropenic patients with solid tumor. methods: a case-control study was performed to identify clinical predictors for p. aeruginosa bacteremia among non-neutropenic patients with gram-negative bacteremia. each case of p. aeruginosa bacteremia was matched to one or two controls with escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter or citrobacter species in ... | 2011 | 21777616 |
| crystal structures of bacterial peptidoglycan amidase ampd and an unprecedented activation mechanism. | ampd is a cytoplasmic peptidoglycan (pg) amidase involved in bacterial cell-wall recycling and in induction of ß-lactamase, a key enzyme of ß-lactam antibiotic resistance. ampd belongs to the amidase_2 family that includes zinc-dependent amidases and the peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (pgrps), highly conserved pattern-recognition molecules of the immune system. crystal structures of citrobacter freundii ampd were solved in this study for the apoenzyme, for the holoenzyme at two different ph ... | 2011 | 21775432 |
| lymphotoxin controls the il-22 protection pathway in gut innate lymphoid cells during mucosal pathogen challenge. | innate lymphoid cells (ilcs) have emerged as important players, regulating the balance between protective immunity and immunopathology at mucosal surfaces. however, mechanisms that regulate ilcs' effector functions during mucosal pathogenic challenge are poorly defined. using mice infected with the natural mouse enteric pathogen citrobacter rodentium, we demonstrate that lymphotoxin (lt) is essential for il-22 production by intestinal ilcs. blocking of ltßr signaling dramatically reduced intesti ... | 2011 | 21767811 |
| the attaching/effacing bacterial effector nlec suppresses epithelial inflammatory responses by inhibiting nf-{kappa}b and p38-map kinase activation. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli are non-invasive attaching/effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens that cause intestinal inflammation and severe diarrheal disease. these pathogens utilize a type iii secretion system to deliver effector proteins into host epithelial cells, modulating diverse cellular functions, including the release of the chemokine interleukin (il)-8. while studies have implicated the effectors nlee and nleh1 in suppressing il-8 release, by prev ... | 2011 | 21746856 |
| comparison of a classical th1 bacteria versus a th17 bacteria as adjuvant in the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | the relative contribution of myelin-specific th1 and th17 cells in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (ms) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), is controversial. il-12, the key cytokine necessary for the differentiation of th1 cells, has been found to be dispensable for eae induction; while the related cytokine associated with th17 cells, il-23, is a critical factor for inducing eae. since eae is induced by immunization with myelin proteins in cfa which contain ... | 2011 | 21715026 |
| long-term selenium deficiency increases the pathogenicity of a citrobacter rodentium infection in mice. | citrobacter rodentium is a mouse pathogen that causes infectious colitis and shares characteristics with human enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli, including the ability to cause attaching and effacing lesions in the colon and serves as a useful model to study the pathogenicity of these bacteria. in this study, mice were fed a selenium-deficient diet for 5 or 20 weeks and then infected with c. rodentium. colonization of the colon by c. rodentium was similar in m ... | 2011 | 21584659 |
| [beta-lactamases of clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae family]. | among 62 clinical strains of enterobacteria, isolated from intestinal tract, representatives of genus escherichia made--67.4%, klebsiella--4.84%, citrobacter--4.84%, enterobacter--8.06%, proteus--6.45%, morganella of 8.06%. preparations of fluorquinolone group--gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, the number of steady strains being from 0.0% to 33.3%, were the most effective in respect of enterobacteria the investigated strains of enterobacteria showed considerable resistance to beta-lactam antibiotic ... | 2011 | 21598655 |
| quantification and analysis of airborne bacterial characteristics in a nursing care institution. | indoor air quality has become a critical issue because people spend most of their time in the indoor environment. the factors that influence indoor air quality are very important to environmental sanitation and air quality improvement. this study focuses on monitoring air quality, colony counts, and bacteria species of the indoor air of a nursing care institution. the regular colony counts in two different wards range from 55 to 600 cfu m(-3) regression analysis results indicate that the bacteri ... | 2011 | 21850827 |
| production of methionine γ- lyase in recombinant citrobacter freundii bearing the hemoglobin gene. | the production of antileukemic enzyme methionine γ-lyase (mgl) in distinctly related bacteria, citrobacter freundii and in their recombinants expressing the vitresocilla hemoglobin (vhb) has been studied. this study concerns the potential of citrobacter freundii expressing the vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb) for the methionine γ- liyase production. methionine γ- liyase production by citrobacter freundii and its vgb(-) and vgb(+) bearing recombinant strain was studied in shake-flasks under 200 ... | 2011 | 21944252 |
| In vitro analysis of the bactericidal activity of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 against pediatric uropathogens. | The usefulness of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in children was recently questioned. Some groups have attempted to use probiotics, most commonly lactobacillus, to prevent recurrent infections by altering the intestinal bacterial reservoir with variable results. Mutaflor® is a possible alternative probiotic in which the active agent is Nissle 1917. Nissle 1917 is a commensal Escherichia coli strain that eradicates pathogenic bacteria from the gastrointesti ... | 2011 | 21855931 |
| analysis of the dna region mediating increased thermotolerance at 58°c in cronobacter sp. and other enterobacterial strains. | cronobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens associated with serious infections in neonates. the increased stress tolerance, including thermoresistance, of some cronobacter strains can promote their survival in production facilities and thus raise the possibility of contamination of dried infant milk formula, which has been identified as a potential source of infection. in this study, we characterized a dna region which is present in some cronobacter strains and which contributes to their prolon ... | 2011 | 21567153 |
| [fatal course of neonatal citrobacter infection and its legal evaluation]. | the article describes fatal course of citrobacter central nervous system infection in the neonates and the subsequent legal responsibility of the medical facility. | 2011 | 21657005 |
| biocatalysed halogenation of nucleobase analogues. | the synthesis of halogenated nucleosides and nucleobases is of interest due to their chemical and pharmacological applications. herein, the enzymatic halogenation of nucleobases and analogues catalysed by microorganisms and by chloroperoxidase from caldariomyces fumago has been studied. this latter enzyme catalysed the chlorination and bromination of indoline and uracil. pseudomonas, citrobacter, aeromonas, streptomyces, xanthomonas, and bacillus genera catalysed the chlorination and/or brominat ... | 2011 | 21660577 |
| identification of an innate t helper type 17 response to intestinal bacterial pathogens. | interleukin 17 (il-17) is a central cytokine implicated in inflammation and antimicrobial defense. after infection, both innate and adaptive il-17 responses have been reported, but the type of cells involved in innate il-17 induction, as well as their contribution to in vivo responses, are poorly understood. here we found that citrobacter and salmonella infection triggered early il-17 production, which was crucial for host defense and was mediated by cd4(+) t helper cells. enteric innate t helpe ... | 2011 | 21666695 |
| the cri1 locus is the common genetic cause of susceptibility to citrobacter rodentium infection in c3h and fvb mouse strains. | citrobacter rodentium is a natural pathogen of mice that causes intestinal hyperplasia and colitis. resistant strains such as c57bl/6j (b6) experience a self-limiting disease that peaks between one and two weeks post infection, followed by a clearing of the infection and complete recovery. however, the inbred mouse strains c3h/hej (c3), c3h/heouj (c3ou) and fvb/n (fvb) are highly susceptible to c. rodentium infection and develop more severe symptoms of disease leading to high rates of mortality ... | 2011 | 21804358 |
| population dynamics of bacteria associated with different strains of the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus after inoculation in maritime pine (pinus pinaster). | for a long time it was thought that bursaphelenchus xylophilus was the only agent of the pine wilt disease. recently, it was discovered that there are bacteria associated with the nematodes that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease, mainly through the release of toxins that promote the death of the pines. among the species most commonly found, are bacteria belonging to the bacillus, pantoea, pseudomonas and xanthomonas genera. the main objective of this work was to study the effect of ... | 2011 | 21570967 |
| crystallographic snapshots of tyrosine phenol-lyase show that substrate strain plays a role in c-c bond cleavage. | the key step in the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) is reversible cleavage of the cβ-cγ bond of l-tyrosine. here, we present x-ray structures for two enzymatic states that form just before and after the cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond. as for most other pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes, the first state, a quinonoid intermediate, is central for the catalysis. we captured this relatively unstable intermediate in the crystalline state by introducing substituti ... | 2011 | 21899319 |
| a comparative study of solvent-assisted pretreatment of biodiesel derived crude glycerol on growth and 1,3-propanediol production from citrobacter freundii. | the rapidly growing biodiesel industry has created a scenario, where it is both important and challenging to deal with the enormous amount of crude glycerol generated as an inherent by-product. with every 100 gallons of biodiesel produced, 5-10 gallons of the crude glycerol is left behind containing several impurities which makes its disposal difficult. the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the impact of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol upon microbial growth and production o ... | 2011 | 21689798 |
| rectal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli in community settings in madagascar. | extended-spectrum +ƒ-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (esbl-pe) emerged at the end of the 1980s, causing nosocomial outbreaks and/or hyperendemic situations in hospitals and long-term care facilities. in recent years, community-acquired infections due to esbl-pe have spread worldwide, especially across developing countries including madagascar. | 2011 | 21829498 |
| immunization of mice with lactobacillus casei expressing a beta-intimin fragment reduces intestinal colonization by citrobacter rodentium. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is a common cause of diarrhea in children from developing countries. intimate adhesion of the bacteria to intestinal cells occurs via binding of the adhesin intimin to the tir receptor exposed on cell surfaces. here, lactobacillus casei expressing a fragment of β-intimin (l. casei-int(cv)) was tested as mucosal vaccines in mice against intestinal colonization with the murine pathogen citrobacter rodentium. oral or sublingual immunization of c57bl/6 mice w ... | 2011 | 21900533 |
| detection and spread of carbapenem-resistant citrobacter freundii in a teaching hospital in china. | background: we examined the detection and spread of carbapenem-resistant citrobacter freundii in huashan hospital, shanghai, china between 2005 and 2008. methods: twenty-three isolates of carbapenem-resistant c freundii collected in our hospital underwent resistant gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction, followed by minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) analysis. molecular epidemiologic analyses included pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and case study. results: analysis of mics with am ... | 2011 | 21705111 |
| genotypic characterization and in vitro activities of tigecycline and polymyxin b for enterobacteriaceae with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems. | carbapenam-resistant enterobacteriaceae is increasing. in order to evaluate the effects of tigecycline and polymyxin b against the carbapenam-non-susceptible pathogens, 89 representative clinical isolates of carbapenem-non-susceptible enterobacteriaceae were recovered from 7 hospitals of 4 cities in china during 2006 to 2009, including 30 serratia marcescens, 35 klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 enterobacter cloacae, 6 enterobacter aerogenes, 5 escherichia coli, 4 citrobacter freundii, and 2 klebsiella o ... | 2011 | 21835972 |
| IL-17RE is the functional receptor for IL-17C and mediates mucosal immunity to infection with intestinal pathogens. | Interleukin 17 receptor E (IL-17RE) is an orphan receptor of the IL-17 receptor family. Here we show that IL-17RE is a receptor specific to IL-17C and has an essential role in host mucosal defense against infection. IL-17C activated downstream signaling through IL-17RE-IL-17RA complex for the induction of genes encoding antibacterial peptides as well as proinflammatory molecules. IL-17C was upregulated in colon epithelial cells during infection with Citrobacter rodentium and acted in synergy wit ... | 2011 | 21993849 |
| Quality assessment of roof-harvested rainwater in the West Bank, Palestinian Authority. | Rain harvesting is becoming more common in the Palestinian Territories as a result of drinking water scarcity. Although it might pose serious human health risk, this water is being consumed without treatment in many areas of the West Bank. The present study evaluates the physicochemical and microbial quality of harvested rainwater that is used as potable water in the West Bank. Samples from roof-harvested rainwater storage tanks (n = 42) were collected in summer (SS) 2006/winter (WS) 2007. Physi ... | 2011 | 21976199 |
| distinct compartmentalization of nf-κb activity in crypt and crypt-denuded lamina propria precedes and accompanies hyperplasia and/or colitis following bacterial infection. | citrobacter rodentium induces transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) and variable degrees of inflammation and necrosis depending upon the genetic background. utilizing c. rodentium-induced tmch in c3h/henhsd inbred mice, we observed significant crypt hyperplasia on days 3 and 7 preceding active colitis. nf-κb activity in the crypt-denuded lamina propria (clp) increased within 24 h postinfection, followed by its activation in the crypts at day 3, which peaked by day 7. increases in inter ... | 2011 | 22144489 |
| Bacillus subtilis-mediated Protection from Citrobacter rodentium-associated enteric disease requires espH and functional flagella. | Commensals limit disease caused by invading pathogens; however, the mechanisms and genes utilized by beneficial microbes to inhibit pathogenesis are poorly understood. The attaching and effacing mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium associates intimately with the intestinal epithelium and infections result in acute colitis. C. rodentium is used to model the human pathogens, enterohemorrhagic E. coli and enteropathogenic E. coli. To confirm that B. subtilis, a spore-forming bacterium found in the ... | 2011 | 22144475 |
| characterization of bacterial community diversity in chronic rhinosinusitis infections using novel culture-independent techniques. | chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) with or without polyps is a common chronic upper airway condition of multifactorial origin. fundamental to effective treatment of any infection is the ability to accurately characterize the underlying cause. many studies have shown that only a small fraction of the total range of bacterial species present in crs is detected through conventional culture-dependent techniques. consequently, culture data are often unrepresentative of the true diversity of the microbial c ... | 2011 | 21819748 |
| Epidemiology and molecular characterisation of metallo-ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a university hospital Intensive Care Unit in Greece. | The molecular epidemiology of VIM-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated at the beginning of an epidemic in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Athens, Greece, was studied. All Gram-negative organisms isolated from March 2004 to November 2005 positive for metallo-ß-lactamase (MBL) production were submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, to repetitive sequence-based PCR (Rep-PCR) for molecular typing, and to S1 nuclease digestion for plasmid DNA characteri ... | 2011 | 21873034 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase orthopedic wound infections in nigeria. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing gram-negative bacteria are emerging and impacting significantly on the management of patients and hospital costs. besides, they are not being routinely sought after in diagnostic laboratories thus contributing to treatment failure. | 2011 | 21887050 |
| the effect of recurrent episodes of clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and other organisms on mortality and culling in holstein dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of recurrent episodes of different types of clinical mastitis (cm) caused by gram-positive (streptococcus spp., staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus spp.) and gram-negative (escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter, enterobacter, pseudomonas) bacteria, and other organisms (arcanobacterium pyogenes, mycoplasma, corynebacterium bovis, yeast, miscellaneous) on the probability of mortality and culling in holstein dairy cows. data from 30,233 ... | 2011 | 21943738 |
| citrobacter spp. as a source of qnrb alleles. | qnrb is the most common of the five qnr families and has the greatest number of allelic variants. almost two thirds of the qnrb alleles have been reported in citrobacter spp., and several were shown to be located on the chromosome. in this study pcr was used to investigate the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in 71 clinical isolates belonging to the citrobacter freundii complex. thirty-seven percent contained qnrb alleles, including 7 (qnrb32 to qnrb38) that were novel a ... | 2011 | 21844311 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in citrobacter freundii isolates from anhui, china. | this study was conducted to detect and analyse the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants [qnr, aac(6')-ib-cr and qepa] among clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii strains isolated from patients in anhui, china. during 2009-2010, 31 citrobacter freundii strains were collected from various hospital units and patient specimens. pcr was used to detect pmqr genes. the genotypes of the positive strains were compared by analysis of banding patterns generated by pfge ... | 2011 | 21816943 |
| three-dimensional structures of noncovalent complexes of citrobacter freundii methionine γ-lyase with substrates. | crystal structures of citrobacter freundii methionine γ-lyase complexes with the substrates of γ- (l-1-amino-3-methylthiopropylphosphinic acid) and β- (s-ethyl-l-cysteine) elimination reactions and the competitive inhibitor l-norleucine have been determined at 1.45, 1.8, and 1.63 å resolution, respectively. all three amino acids occupy the active site of the enzyme but do not form a covalent bond with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. hydrophobic interactions between the active site residues and the side ... | 2011 | 21639836 |
| il-22 bridges the lymphotoxin pathway with the maintenance of colonic lymphoid structures during infection with citrobacter rodentium. | colonic patches (clps) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ilfs) are two main lymphoid structures in the colon. lymphoid tissue-inducer cells (lti cells) are indispensable for the development of ilfs. lti cells also produce interleukin 17 (il-17) and il-22, signature cytokines secreted by il-17-producing helper t cells. here we report that il-22 acted downstream of the lymphotoxin pathway and regulated the organization and maintenance of mature clps and ilfs in the colon during infection with citro ... | 2011 | 21874025 |
| high prevalence of extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamases and qnr determinants in citrobacter species from japan: dissemination of ctx-m-2. | objectives extended-spectrum +¦-lactamases (esbls) have become a problem among ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae and the emergence of concomitant quinolone resistance in +¦-lactamase-producing isolates poses a global threat. in this study we investigated the prevalence and regional variation of esbls in japanese clinical isolates of citrobacter spp. and analysed plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants in esbl-producing citrobacter spp. methods a total of 348 clinical isolates o ... | 2011 | 21733965 |
| isolation and characterization of an arsenate-reducing bacterium and its application for arsenic extraction from contaminated soil. | a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, citrobacter sp. nc-1, was isolated from soil contaminated with arsenic at levels as high as 5,000-ámg-áas-ákg(-1). strain nc-1 completely reduced 20-ámm arsenate within 24-áh and exhibited arsenate-reducing activity at concentrations as high as 60-ámm. these results indicate that strain nc-1 is superior to other dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacteria with respect to arsenate reduction, particularly at high concentrations. strain nc-1 was also able to effect ... | 2011 | 21681485 |
| molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis in egypt. | the aim of this study was to characterize the genetic basis of multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis cases in egypt. multidrug resistance phenotypes were found in 34 of 112 (30.4%) gram-negative bacterial isolates, which harbored at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. the most prevalent multidrug-resistant (mdr) species were enterobacter cloacae (8 isolates, 7.1%), klebsiella pneumoniae (7 isolates, 6.3%), klebsiella oxytoca (7 isolates, 6.3%), escheri ... | 2011 | 21338385 |
| diversity of aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase gene in citrobacter. | genetic and functional diversity of citrobacter spp. for their abilities to degrade aromatic compounds was evaluated to develop mixed cultures or a consortium for bioremediation technology. thirty citrobacter strains isolated from various effluent treatment plants were found to degrade a range of aromatic compounds: phenol, benzoate, hydroxy benzoic acid and biotransform mono-chlorophenols and di-chlorophenol within 24 to 48 h of incubation at 30 °c. sequence similarity and phylogeny of the arhd ... | 2011 | 21295975 |
| absence of pmrab-mediated phosphoethanolamine modifications of citrobacter rodentium lipopolysaccharide affects outer membrane integrity. | the pmrab two-component system of enterobacteria regulates a number of genes whose protein products modify lipopolysaccharide (lps). the lps is modified during transport to the bacterial outer membrane (om). a subset of pmrab-mediated lps modifications consists of the addition of phosphoethanolamine (petn) to lipid a by pmrc and to the core by cpta. in salmonella enterica, petn modifications have been associated with resistance to polymyxin b and to excess iron. to investigate putative functions ... | 2011 | 21378194 |
| [effect of heavy metal salts on the growth and pathogenicity factors of opportunistic bacteria]. | the paper presents experimental data on the effect of different concentrations of the salts of cadmium, copper, and zinc on the adaptive potentialities of the most common opportunistic microflora in the volga-caspian region. the findings suggest that natural microorganisms (aeromonas and citrobacter) show a high metal resistance that seems to be associated with steadily increased background levels of these metals in the waters of the volga-caspian basin. | 2011 | 21510046 |
| genetic regulation of the rama locus and its expression in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. | tigecycline resistance has been attributed to rama overexpression and subsequent acra upregulation. the rama locus, originally identified in klebsiella pneumoniae, has homologues in enterobacter and salmonella spp. in this study, we identify in silico that the ramr binding site is also present in citrobacter spp. and that enterobacter, citrobacter and klebsiella spp. share key regulatory elements in the control of the roma-rama locus. race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) mapping indicated tha ... | 2011 | 21514798 |
| is selective digestive decontamination useful in controlling aerobic gram-negative bacilli producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases? | to identify outbreak episodes of either carriage or infection due to extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing aerobic gram-negative bacilli (agnb-esbl); to establish whether agnb-esbl, sensitive to tobramycin, become resistant over time; and to evaluate the impact of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (sdd) on abnormal carriage of agnb-esbl. | 2011 | 21268690 |
| autogenous transcriptional regulation of the rega gene, encoding an arac-like, essential virulence regulator in citrobacter rodentium. | we identified several promoters responsible for the expression of rega, which encodes a global virulence regulator in citrobacter rodentium. expression of some of the promoters was strongly autoactivated by rega in conjunction with bicarbonate. biochemical and mutational analyses were used to determine the consensus sequence of the rega-binding sites. | 2011 | 21278290 |
| dissemination of blakpc-2 by the spread of cc258-klebsiella pneumoniae clones (st258, st11, st437) and plasmids (incfii, incn, incl/m) among enterobacteriaceae species in brazil. | this study reports the spread of bla(kpc-2) in são paulo and rio de janeiro states facilitated by globally spread cc258-k. pneumoniae clones (st258, st11, st437) and a diversity of plasmids (incfii, incn, incl/m, two untypeable plasmids carrying tn4401a or tn4401b) successfully disseminated among enterobacteriaceae species (enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and citrobacter freundii). it also constitutes the first description of st258 in brazil which was associated with a nosocomial hospi ... | 2011 | 21576442 |
| difluoromethylornithine is a novel inhibitor of helicobacter pylori growth, caga translocation, and interleukin-8 induction. | helicobacter pylori infects half the world's population, and carriage is lifelong without antibiotic therapy. current regimens prescribed to prevent infection-associated diseases such as gastroduodenal ulcers and gastric cancer can be thwarted by antibiotic resistance. we reported that administration of 1% d,l-+¦-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) to mice infected with h. pylori reduces gastritis and colonization, which we attributed to enhanced host immune response due to inhibition of macrophage o ... | 2011 | 21386987 |
| palladium nanoparticles produced by fermentatively cultivated bacteria as catalyst for diatrizoate removal with biogenic hydrogen. | a new biological inspired method to produce nanopalladium is the precipitation of pd on a bacterium, i.e., bio-pd. this bio-pd can be applied as catalyst in dehalogenation reactions. however, large amounts of hydrogen are required as electron donor in these reactions resulting in considerable costs. this study demonstrates how bacteria, cultivated under fermentative conditions, can be used to reductively precipitate bio-pd catalysts and generate the electron donor hydrogen. in this way, one coul ... | 2011 | 21590286 |
| evolution and spread of a multidrug-resistant proteus mirabilis clone with chromosomal ampc-type cephalosporinases in europe. | proteus mirabilis isolates obtained in 1999 to 2008 from three european countries were analyzed; all carried chromosomal ampc-type cephalosporinase bla(cmy) genes from a citrobacter freundii origin (bla(cmy-2)-like genes). isolates from poland harbored several bla(cmy) genes (bla(cmy-4), bla(cmy-12), bla(cmy-14), bla(cmy-15), and bla(cmy-38) and the new gene bla(cmy-45)), while isolates from italy and greece harbored bla(cmy-16) only. earlier isolates with bla(cmy-4) or bla(cmy-12), recovered in ... | 2011 | 21402851 |
| pyrosequencing-based molecular monitoring of the intestinal bacterial colonization in preterm infants. | objectives:: to investigate the previously unexplored diversity of neonatal intestinal microbiota and monitor early intestinal colonization patterns in korean preterm infants using high-throughput pyrosequencing technology combined with 16s rdna- based molecular methods methods:: a total of 46,369 partial 16s rdna sequences obtained from 30 fecal samples serially taken from 10 very low birth weight preterm infants were analyzed. results:: a significant proportion of the molecular species (21.9%) ... | 2011 | 21734604 |
| mechanistic evaluation of mela α-galactosidase from citrobacter freundii: a family 4 glycosyl hydrolase in which oxidation is rate-limiting. | the mela gene from citrobacter freundii, which encodes a glycosyl hydrolase family 4 (gh4) α-galactosidase, has been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of phenyl α-galactosides via a redox elimination-addition mechanism involving oxidation of the hydroxyl group at c-3 and elimination of phenol across the c-1-c-2 bond to give an enzyme-bound glycal intermediate. for optimal activity, the mela enzyme requires two cofactors, nad(+) and mn(2+), ... | 2011 | 21495656 |
| the influence of environmental bacteria in freshwater stingray wound-healing. | invasion by bacteria can influence the course of healing of wounds acquired in aquatic environment. in this study, the bacteria present in potamotrygonmotoro stingray mucus and in the alto paraná river water were identified, and their ability to induce tissue injury and resist antibiotics was determined. biochemical identification analysis showed that 97% of all bacterial isolates were gram negative, aeromonas spp., enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii being the species most prevalent. ... | 2011 | 21635911 |
| selective role for tumor necrosis factor-α, but not interleukin-1 or kupffer cells, in down-regulation of cyp3a11 and cyp3a25 in livers of mice infected with a noninvasive intestinal pathogen. | hepatic cytochrome p450 (p450) gene and protein expression are modulated during inflammation and infection. oral infection of c57bl/6 mice with citrobacter rodentium produces mild clinical symptoms while selectively regulating hepatic p450 expression and elevating levels of proinflammatory cytokines. here, we explored the role of cytokines in the regulation of hepatic p450 expression by orally infecting tumor necrosis factor-α (tnfα) receptor 1 null mice (tnfr1-/-), interleukin-1 (il1) receptor ... | 2011 | 21570957 |
| isolation, selection and biodegradation profile of phenol degrading bacteria from oil contaminated soil. | in the present study, an aerobic bacterial strains ocs-a and ocs- b were isolated from an oil contaminated soil. the strains were identified to be citrobacter freundi and proteus mirabilis according to morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. the strains were able to degrade about 90% of 100 mg/l phenol within 80 h as sole carbon and energy source. the lag phase increased with increase in phenol concentration. determination of metabolic intermediate 2-hms, was done which ind ... | 2011 | 21643832 |
| ctx-m-14 beta-lactamase-producing citrobacter freundii isolated in venezuela. | abstract: a clinical isolate of c. freundii with reduced susceptibility to extended-spectrum beta-lactams from a woman with cystocele associated with recurrent urinary tract infection was analyzed. susceptibility tests, double disk synergy tests (ddst) and enzymatic activity by the agar iodometric method suggested the presence of esbls. conjugation experiments revealed the presence of a large conjugative plasmid (plm07/20) with an exclusive frepb replicon type (incf/fib). pcr analysis and sequen ... | 2011 | 21627834 |
| fecal carriage of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in swine and cattle at slaughter in switzerland. | during the past decade, extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae have become a matter of great concern in human medicine. esbl-producing strains are found in the community, not just in hospital-associated patients, which raises a question about possible reservoirs. recent studies describe the occurrence of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae in meat, fish, and raw milk; therefore, the impact of food animals as reservoirs for and disseminators of such strains into the food ... | 2011 | 21375882 |
| comparison of the diversity of the bacterial communities in the intestinal tract of adult bactrocera dorsalis from three different populations. | to (i) identify the bacterial communities in the gut of oriental fruit fly (bactrocera dorsalis) adult and (ii) determine whether the different surroundings and diets influence the bacteria composition. | 2011 | 21395953 |
| colonic microbiota alters host susceptibility to infectious colitis by modulating inflammation, redox status, and ion transporter gene expression. | individuals vary in their resistance to enteric infections. the role of the intestinal microbiota in altering susceptibility to enteric infection is relatively unknown. previous studies have identified that c3h/heouj mice suffer 100% mortality during citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis, whereas c57bl/6 mice recover from infection. the basis for their differences in susceptibility is unclear and has been mainly attributed to differences in host genetics. this study investigated the role of the ... | 2011 | 21454446 |
| in vitro activity of ceftobiprole against frequently encountered aerobic and facultative gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens: results of the canward 2007-2009 study. | the in vitro activity of ceftobiprole was evaluated against 15 011 clinical isolates obtained from patients in canadian hospitals between 2007 and 2009. all staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to ceftobiprole (mic(90)'s for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus of = 1 µg/ml and 2 µg/ml, respectively). ceftobiprole was active against penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae (mic(90), = 0.06 µg/ml), penicillin-resistant streptococcu ... | 2011 | 21353964 |
| citrobacter rodentium is an unstable pathogen showing evidence of significant genomic flux. | citrobacter rodentium is a natural mouse pathogen that causes attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions. it shares a common virulence strategy with the clinically significant human a/e pathogens enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) and enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and is widely used to model this route of pathogenesis. we previously reported the complete genome sequence of c. rodentium icc168, where we found that the genome displayed many characteristics of a newly evolved pathogen. in this study, th ... | 2011 | 21490962 |
| modulation of connexin signaling by bacterial pathogens and their toxins. | inherent to their pivotal tasks in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, gap junctions, connexin hemichannels, and pannexin hemichannels are frequently involved in the dysregulation of this critical balance. the present paper specifically focuses on their roles in bacterial infection and disease. in particular, the reported biological outcome of clinically important bacteria including escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, yersinia enterocolitica, helicobacter pylori, bordetella pertussis, aggr ... | 2011 | 21656255 |
| myd88 is pivotal for immune recognition of citrobacter koseri and astrocyte activation during cns infection†. | abstract: citrobacter koseri (c. koseri) is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause a highly aggressive form of neonatal meningitis, which often progresses to establish multi-focal brain abscesses. the roles of toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) and its signaling adaptor myd88 during cns c. koseri infection have not yet been examined, which is important since recent evidence indicates that innate immune responses are tailored towards specific pathogen classes. here tlr4 wt (c3h/fej) and tlr4 mutant (c ... | 2011 | 21496301 |
| identification of bacteria isolated from nasal polyps and their ability to produce superantigens and biofilms in lebanese patients. | staphylococcus aureus superantigens and bacterial biofilms have been implicated in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. we conducted a study of 32 lebanese patients-21 males and 11 females, aged 15 to 71 years (mean: 39)-to identify bacteria isolated from nasal polyps and to determine if these bacteria produced superantigens and biofilms. polyps were surgically removed, homogenized, and subjected to bacteriologic studies. the presence or absence of s aureus enterotoxin a, ... | 2011 | 21500161 |
| antimicrobial activities of indole alkaloids from tabernaemontana catharinensis. | tabernaemontana catharinensis root bark ethanol extract, eb2 fraction and the mmv alkaloid (12-methoxy-4-methylvoachalotine) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. t. catharinensis ethanol extract was effective against both strains of the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum at concentrations of 2.5 mg/ml (wild strain) and 1.25 mg/ml (mutant strain), while the eb2 fraction and mmv alkaloid showed a strong antifungal activity against wild and mutant strains with mic values of <0.02 and 0. ... | 2011 | 21425672 |
| toxicological studies on a novel phytase expressed from synthetic genes in aspergillus oryzae. | phytases are widely used as feed additives for monogastric animals, which cannot easily utilise the phosphorus bound in phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate). the current study presents a safety evaluation of a 6-phytase produced by an aspergillus oryzae strain expressing two synthetic genes, both mimicking a phytase gene from a citrobacter braakii strain. oral administration of the phytase preparation to rats at a dose level of 0.86 g total organic solids/kg body weight/day for 13 weeks did n ... | 2011 | 21672596 |
| sitafloxacin: in bacterial infections. | sitafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial with in vitro activity against a broad range of gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including anaerobic bacteria, as well as against atypical pathogens. it is approved in japan for use in a number of bacterial infections caused by sitafloxacin-susceptible strains of staphylococcus spp., streptococcus pneumoniae, other streptococcus spp., enterococcus spp., moraxella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., klebsiella spp., enterobacter sp ... | 2011 | 21504249 |
| a vegan or vegetarian diet substantially alters the human colonic faecal microbiota. | background/objectives:consisting of ~10(14) microbial cells, the intestinal microbiota represents the largest and the most complex microbial community inhabiting the human body. however, the influence of regular diets on the microbiota is widely unknown.subjects/methods:we examined faecal samples of vegetarians (n=144), vegans (n=105) and an equal number of control subjects consuming ordinary omnivorous diet who were matched for age and gender. we used classical bacteriological isolation, identi ... | 2011 | 21811294 |
| structural analysis of a novel class of r-m controller proteins: c.csp231i from citrobacter sp. rfl231. | controller proteins play a key role in the temporal regulation of gene expression in bacterial restriction-modification (r-m) systems and are important mediators of horizontal gene transfer. they form the basis of a highly cooperative, concentration-dependent genetic switch involved in both activation and repression of r-m genes. here we present biophysical, biochemical, and high-resolution structural analysis of a novel class of controller proteins, exemplified by c.csp231i. in contrast to all ... | 2011 | 21440553 |
| lymphotoxin-ß receptor-independent development of intestinal il-22-producing nkp46+ innate lymphoid cells. | the natural cytotoxicity receptor nkp46 is an activating receptor expressed by several distinct innate lymphoid cell (ilc) subsets, including nk cells, some ?d t cells and intestinal ror?t(+) il-22(+) cells (ncr22 cells, il-22-producing nkp46(+) cell). ncr22 cells may play a role in mucosal barrier function through il-22-mediated production of anti-bacterial peptides from intestinal epithelial cells. previous studies identified a predominant proportion of ncr22 cells in gut cryptopatches (cp), l ... | 2011 | 21341264 |