Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| healthcare-associated infections: the hallmark of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus with review of the literature. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is capable of causing acute respiratory illness. laboratory-confirmed mers-cov cases may be asymptomatic, have mild disease, or have a life-threatening infection with a high case fatality rate. there are three patterns of transmission: sporadic community cases from presumed non-human exposure, family clusters arising from contact with an infected family index case, and healthcare-acquired infections among patients and from patients to healt ... | 2019 | 29864486 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from saudi arabia. | infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012 as an important respiratory disease with high fatality rates of 40%-60%. despite the increased number of cases over subsequent years, the number of pediatric cases remained low. a review of studies conducted from june 2012 to april 19, 2016 reported 31 pediatric mers-cov cases. in this paper, we present the clinical and laboratory features of seven patients with pediatric mers. five patients had no underlying ... | 2019 | 29623560 |
| skp2 attenuates autophagy through beclin1-ubiquitination and its inhibition reduces mers-coronavirus infection. | autophagy is an essential cellular process affecting virus infections and other diseases and beclin1 (becn1) is one of its key regulators. here, we identified s-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (skp2) as e3 ligase that executes lysine-48-linked poly-ubiquitination of becn1, thus promoting its proteasomal degradation. skp2 activity is regulated by phosphorylation in a hetero-complex involving fkbp51, phlpp, akt1, and becn1. genetic or pharmacological inhibition of skp2 decreases becn1 ubiquitina ... | 2019 | 31852899 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus seropositivity in camel handlers and their families, pakistan. | a high percentage of camel handlers in saudi arabia are seropositive for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. we found that 12/100 camel handlers and their family members in pakistan, a country with extensive camel mers-cov infection, were seropositive, indicating that mers-cov infection of these populations extends beyond the arabian peninsula. | 2019 | 31742530 |
| the global burden of premature mortality due to the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) using standard expected years of life lost, 2012 to 2019. | it has been 8 years since the first case of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was reported in saudi arabia and the disease is still being reported in 27 countries; however, there is no international study to estimate the overall burden related of this emerging infectious disease. the present study was conducted to assess the burden of premature mortality due to middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) worldwide. | 2019 | 31727042 |
| rapid multiplex microfiber-based immunoassay for anti-mers-cov antibody detection. | on-site multiplex biosensors for innate immunity antibodies are ideal tools for monitoring health status of individuals against various diseases. this study introduces a novel antibody immunoassay testing platform incorporating microfiber-based arrays of antigens to capture specific antibodies. the fabrication and setup of the device revolved around electrospun polystyrene (esps) microfibers that act as three-dimensional membrane filters, capable of rapid and multifold analyte capture. in partic ... | 2019 | 32289017 |
| vaccine against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | 2019 | 31559955 | |
| vaccine against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | 2019 | 31559953 | |
| structural definition of a neutralization-sensitive epitope on the mers-cov s1-ntd. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged into the human population in 2012 and has caused substantial morbidity and mortality. potently neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (rbd) on mers-cov spike (s) protein have been characterized, but much less is known about antibodies targeting non-rbd epitopes. here, we report the structural and functional characterization of g2, a neutralizing antibody targeting the mers-cov s1 n-terminal domain (s1-ntd). st ... | 2019 | 31553909 |
| comorbid diabetes results in immune dysregulation and enhanced disease severity following mers-cov infection. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012 in saudi arabia and has caused over 2400 cases and more than 800 deaths. epidemiological studies identified diabetes as the primary comorbidity associated with severe or lethal mers-cov infection. understanding how diabetes affects mers is important because of the global burden of diabetes and pandemic potential of mers-cov. we used a model in which mice were made susceptible to mers-cov by expressing human dpp4, and type 2 ... | 2019 | 31550243 |
| selection and characterization of monoclonal antibodies targeting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus through a human synthetic fab phage display library panning. | since its first report in the middle east in 2012, the middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) has become a global concern due to the high morbidity and mortality of individuals infected with the virus. although the majority of mers-cov cases have been reported in saudi arabia, the overall risk in areas outside the middle east remains significant as inside saudi arabia. additional pandemics of mers-cov are expected, and thus novel tools and reagents for therapy and diagnosis are ... | 2019 | 31544848 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus-encoded orf8b strongly antagonizes ifn-β promoter activation: its implication for vaccine design. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a causative agent of severe-to-fatal pneumonia especially in patients with pre-existing conditions, such as smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). mers-cov transmission continues to be reported in the saudi arabian peninsula since its discovery in 2012. however, it has rarely been epidemic outside the area except one large outbreak in south korea in may 2015. the genome of the epidemic mers-cov isolated from a korean p ... | 2019 | 31452044 |
| characteristics of flavonoids as potent mers-cov 3c-like protease inhibitors. | middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) is a zoonotic virus transmitted between animals and human beings. it causes mers with high mortality rate. however, no vaccine or specific treatment is currently available. since antiviral activity of some flavonoids is known, we applied a flavonoid library to probe inhibitory compounds against mers-cov 3c-like protease (3clpro). herbacetin, isobavachalcone, quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside and helichrysetin were found to block the enzymatic activ ... | 2019 | 31436895 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, saudi arabia, 2017-2018. | we characterized exposures and demographics of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus cases reported to the saudi arabia ministry of health during july 1-october 31, 2017, and june 1-september 16, 2018. molecular characterization of available specimens showed that circulating viruses during these periods continued to cluster within lineage 5. | 2019 | 31430248 |
| recent advances in the vaccine development against middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a deadly viral respiratory disease caused by mers-coronavirus (mers-cov) infection. to date, there is no specific treatment proven effective against this viral disease. in addition, no vaccine has been licensed to prevent mers-cov infection thus far. therefore, our current review focuses on the most recent studies in search of an effective mers vaccine. overall, vaccine candidates against mers-cov are mainly based upon the viral spike (s) protein, due t ... | 2019 | 31428074 |
| transmissibility of mers-cov infection in closed setting, riyadh, saudi arabia, 2015. | to investigate a cluster of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) cases in a women-only dormitory in riyadh, saudi arabia, in october 2015, we collected epidemiologic information, nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab samples, and blood samples from 828 residents during november 2015 and december 2015-january 2016. we found confirmed infection for 19 (8 by reverse transcription pcr and 11 by serologic testing). infection attack rates varied (2.7%-32.3%) by dormitory building. no deaths occurred. i ... | 2019 | 31423971 |
| dose-response and transmission: the nexus between reservoir hosts, environment and recipient hosts. | dose is the nexus between exposure and all upstream processes that determine pathogen pressure, and is thereby an important element underlying disease dynamics. understanding the relationship between dose and disease is particularly important in the context of spillover, where nonlinearities in the dose-response could determine the likelihood of transmission. there is a need to explore dose-response models for directly transmitted and zoonotic pathogens, and how these interactions integrate with ... | 2019 | 31401955 |
| the c-terminal domain of the mers coronavirus m protein contains a trans-golgi network localization signal. | coronavirus m proteins represent the major protein component of the viral envelope. they play an essential role during viral assembly by interacting with all of the other structural proteins. coronaviruses bud into the endoplasmic reticulum (er)-golgi intermediate compartment (ergic), but the mechanisms by which m proteins are transported from their site of synthesis, the er, to the budding site remain poorly understood. here, we investigated the intracellular trafficking of the middle east resp ... | 2019 | 31399512 |
| ifn-i response timing relative to virus replication determines mers coronavirus infection outcomes. | type 1 ifns (ifn-i) generally protect mammalian hosts from virus infections, but in some cases, ifn-i is pathogenic. because ifn-i is protective, it is commonly used to treat virus infections for which no specific approved drug or vaccine is available. the middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) is such an infection, yet little is known about the role of ifn-i in this setting. here, we show that ifn-i signaling is protective during mers-cov infection. blocking ifn-i signaling res ... | 2019 | 31355779 |
| peptide-protein interaction studies of antimicrobial peptides targeting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein: an in silico approach. | there is no effective therapeutic or vaccine for middle east respiratory syndrome and this study attempts to find therapy using peptide by establishing a basis for the peptide-protein interactions through in silico docking studies for the spike protein of mers-cov. the antimicrobial peptides (amps) were retrieved from the antimicrobial peptide database (apd3) and shortlisted based on certain important physicochemical properties. the binding mode of the shortlisted peptides was measured based on ... | 2019 | 31354813 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an anti-middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus dna vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus causes a highly fatal lower-respiratory tract infection. there are as yet no licensed mers vaccines or therapeutics. this study (wrair-2274) assessed the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the gls-5300 mers coronavirus dna vaccine in healthy adults. | 2019 | 31351922 |
| a conserved region of nonstructural protein 1 from alphacoronaviruses inhibits host gene expression and is critical for viral virulence. | coronaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded rna viruses that are distributed worldwide. they include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and the human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), many of which seriously endanger human health and well-being. only alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses harbor nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1), which performs multip ... | 2019 | 31350335 |
| effectiveness of an education health programme about middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus tested during travel consultations. | we aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) among hajj pilgrims before and after an education health programme during international vaccine consultations in france. | 2019 | 31252151 |
| detection of multiple viral sequences in the respiratory tract samples of suspected middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients in jakarta, indonesia 2015-2016. | the identification and analysis of viral etiological agents from suspected middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) cases admitted to prof. dr. sulianti saroso infectious disease hospital (idh) using molecular assays. | 2019 | 31238156 |
| human coronavirus: host-pathogen interaction. | human coronavirus (hcov) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. in the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic hcovs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). replication of hcov is regulated by a diversity of host factors and induces drastic alterations in cellular structure and physiology. activation of critical signaling pathways during hcov infec ... | 2019 | 31226023 |
| preventive behavioral responses to the 2015 middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in korea. | this study examined the public's preventive behavioral responses during the 2015 middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in korea and the influencing factors. two cross-sectional telephone surveys were conducted by gallup korea using random digit dialing in june 2015 (n = 2004). the main outcome variables were nonpharmaceutical preventive measures (survey (1): measures for reducing transmission (handwashing, face masks); and survey (2): measures for avoiding contact with ... | 2019 | 31216779 |
| correction: case characteristics among middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in saudi arabia from 2012 to 2015. | 2019 | 31175202 | |
| antibodies and vaccines against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has spread through 27 countries and infected more than 2,200 people since its first outbreak in saudi arabia in 2012. the high fatality rate (35.4%) of this novel coronavirus and its persistent wide spread infectiousness in animal reservoirs have generated tremendous global public health concern. however, no licensed therapeutic agents or vaccines against mers-cov are currently available and only a limited few have entered clinical tria ... | 2019 | 31169078 |
| generation of full-length infectious cdna clones of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was first identified in saudi arabia in 2012 and related infection cases have been reported in over 20 countries. roughly 10,000 human cases have so far been reported in total with fatality rates at up to 40%. the majority of cases have occurred in saudi arabia with mostly sporadic outbreaks outside the country except for the one in south korea in 2015. the korean mers-cov strain was isolated from the second korean patient and its genome wa ... | 2019 | 31154749 |
| a yeast suppressor screen used to identify mammalian sirt1 as a proviral factor for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication. | viral proteins must intimately interact with the host cell machinery during virus replication. here, we used the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae as a system to identify novel functional interactions between viral proteins and eukaryotic cells. our work demonstrates that when the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) orf4a accessory gene is expressed in yeast it causes a slow-growth phenotype. orf4a has been characterized as an interferon antagonist in mammalian cells, and yet ye ... | 2019 | 31142674 |
| bacterial outer membrane vesicles (omvs)-based dual vaccine for influenza a h1n1 virus and mers-cov. | vaccination is the most functional medical intervention to prophylactically control severe diseases caused by human-to-human or animal-to-human transmissible viral pathogens. annually, seasonal influenza epidemics attack human populations leading to 290-650 thousand deaths/year worldwide. recently, a novel middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus emerged. together, those two viruses present a significant public health burden in areas where they circulate. herein, we generated a bacterial out ... | 2019 | 31141982 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the last two years: health care workers still at risk. | an important emerging respiratory virus is the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). mers-cov had been associated with a high case fatality rate especially among severe cases. | 2019 | 31128983 |
| human β-defensin 2 is involved in ccr2-mediated nod2 signal transduction, leading to activation of the innate immune response in macrophages. | beta-defensins contribute to host innate defense against various pathogens, including viruses, although the details of their roles in innate immune cells are unclear. we previously reported that human β-defensin 2 (hbd 2) activates primary innate immunity against viral infection and suggested that it plays a role in the induction of the adaptive immune response. we analyzed the mechanisms by which hbd 2 primes innate antiviral immunity and polarized activation of macrophage-like thp-1 cells usin ... | 2019 | 31126693 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in oman: current situation and going forward. | 2019 | 31110623 | |
| novel gold nanorod-based hr1 peptide inhibitor for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome-like illness with high pathogenicity and mortality due to the lack of effective therapeutics. currently, only few antiviral agents are available for the treatment of mers, but their effects have been greatly impaired by low antiviral activity, poor metabolic stability, and serious adverse effects. therefore, the development of effective treatment for mers is urgently needed. in this study, a series ... | 2019 | 31099550 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov): infection, immunological response, and vaccine development. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) first emerged in late 2012. since its emergence, a total of 2279 patients from 27 countries have been infected across the globe according to a world health organization (who) report (feb. 12th, 2019). approximately 806 patients have died. the virus uses its spike proteins as adhesive factors that are proinflammatory for host entry through a specific receptor called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dpp4). this receptor is considered a key factor in t ... | 2019 | 31089478 |
| comparative analysis of eleven healthcare-associated outbreaks of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) from 2015 to 2017. | since its emergence in 2012, 2,260 cases and 803 deaths due to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) have been reported to the world health organization. most cases were due to transmission in healthcare settings, sometimes causing large outbreaks. we analyzed epidemiologic and clinical data of laboratory-confirmed mers-cov cases from eleven healthcare-associated outbreaks in the kingdom of saudi arabia and the republic of korea between 2015-2017. we quantified key epidemiologi ... | 2019 | 31089148 |
| development of label-free colorimetric assay for mers-cov using gold nanoparticles. | worldwide outbreaks of infectious diseases necessitate the development of rapid and accurate diagnostic methods. colorimetric assays are a representative tool to simply identify the target molecules in specimens through color changes of an indicator (e.g., nanosized metallic particle, and dye molecules). the detection method is used to confirm the presence of biomarkers visually and measure absorbance of the colored compounds at a specific wavelength. in this study, we propose a colorimetric ass ... | 2019 | 31062580 |
| epitope-based peptide vaccine design and target site depiction against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: an immune-informatics study. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is the main cause of lung and kidney infections in developing countries such as saudi arabia and south korea. this infectious single-stranded, positive (+) sense rna virus enters the host by binding to dipeptidyl-peptide receptors. since no vaccine is yet available for mers-cov, rapid case identification, isolation, and infection prevention strategies must be used to combat the spreading of mers-cov infection. additionally, there is a despe ... | 2019 | 31703698 |
| amotosalen and ultraviolet a light efficiently inactivate mers-coronavirus in human platelet concentrates. | this study aimed to assess the efficacy of the intercept™ blood system [amotosalen/ultraviolet a (uva) light] to reduce the risk of middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) transmission by human platelet concentrates. | 2019 | 31696565 |
| epidemiological status of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2019: an update from january 1 to march 31, 2019. | this study represents the current epidemiological status of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) worldwide in the first three months of 2019. | 2019 | 31692574 |
| engineering a novel antibody-peptide bispecific fusion protein against mers-cov. | in recent years, tremendous efforts have been made in the engineering of bispecific or multi-specific antibody-based therapeutics by combining two or more functional antigen-recognizing elements into a single construct. however, to the best of our knowledge there has been no reported cases of effective antiviral antibody-peptide bispecific fusion proteins. we previously developed potent fully human monoclonal antibodies and inhibitory peptides against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus ... | 2019 | 31690009 |
| risk of transmission via medical employees and importance of routine infection-prevention policy in a nosocomial outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers): a descriptive analysis from a tertiary care hospital in south korea. | in 2015, south korea experienced an outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and our hospital experienced a nosocomial mers infection. we performed a comprehensive analysis to identify the mers transmission route and the ability of our routine infection-prevention policy to control this outbreak. | 2019 | 31666061 |
| clinical outcomes among hospital patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection. | mortality is high among patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection. we aimed to determine hospital mortality and the factors associated with it in a cohort of mers-cov patients. | 2019 | 31640578 |
| generation of a nebulizable cdr-modified mers-cov neutralizing human antibody. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) induces severe aggravating respiratory failure in infected patients, frequently resulting in mechanical ventilation. as limited therapeutic antibody is accumulated in lung tissue following systemic administration, inhalation is newly recognized as an alternative, possibly better, route of therapeutic antibody for pulmonary diseases. the nebulization process, however, generates diverse physiological stresses, and thus, the therapeutic antibo ... | 2019 | 31614869 |
| nosocomial transmission of emerging viruses via aerosol-generating medical procedures. | recent nosocomial transmission events of emerging and re-emerging viruses, including ebola virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, nipah virus, and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus, have highlighted the risk of nosocomial transmission of emerging viruses in health-care settings. in particular, concerns and precautions have increased regarding the use of aerosol-generating medical procedures when treating patients with such viral infections. in spite of increasing asso ... | 2019 | 31614743 |
| preparation of virus-like particle mimetic nanovesicles displaying the s protein of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus using insect cells. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) first emerged in 2012, and over 2000 infections and 800 deaths have been confirmed in 27 countries. however, to date, no commercial vaccine is available. in this study, structural proteins of mers-cov were expressed in silkworm larvae and bm5 cells for the development of vaccine candidates against mers-cov and diagnostic methods. the spike (s) protein of mers-cov lacking its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains (sδtm) was secreted into the ... | 2019 | 31614169 |
| development of a recombinant replication-deficient rabies virus-based bivalent-vaccine against mers-cov and rabies virus and its humoral immunogenicity in mice. | middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging virus that causes severe disease with fatal outcomes; however, there are currently no approved vaccines or specific treatments against mers-cov. here, we developed a novel bivalent vaccine against mers-cov and rabies virus (rv) using the replication-incompetent p-gene-deficient rv (rvδp), which has been previously established as a promising and safe viral vector. mers-cov spike glycoprotein comprises s1 and s2 subunits, with ... | 2019 | 31589656 |
| evaluating the potential impact of targeted vaccination strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreaks in the healthcare setting. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) are two coronaviruses with demonstrated potential to generate significant nosocomial outbreaks. in particular, mers continues to pose a significant threat in the middle east since 2012. currently, no licensed vaccine or drug treatment is available to treat patients infected with either coronavirus. however, there are some mers vaccines in the preclinical stage of development. we sought to evaluate the potential ... | 2019 | 31587665 |
| superior immune responses induced by intranasal immunization with recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine expressing full-length spike protein of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes an acute and severe lower respiratory illness as well as vomiting, diarrhea, and renal failure. because no licensed mers-cov vaccines are currently available, preventive and therapeutic measures are urgently needed. the surface spike (s) glycoprotein of mers-cov, which binds to the cellular receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4), is considered as a major target for mers-cov vaccine development. here, we designed recombinant replicati ... | 2019 | 31329652 |
| spatiotemporal clustering of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) incidence in saudi arabia, 2012-2019. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a great public health concern globally. although 83% of the globally confirmed cases have emerged in saudi arabia, the spatiotemporal clustering of mers-cov incidence has not been investigated. this study analysed the spatiotemporal patterns and clusters of laboratory-confirmed mers-cov cases reported in saudi arabia between june 2012 and march 2019. temporal, seasonal, spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses were performed using kul ... | 2019 | 31311073 |
| structural definition of a neutralization epitope on the n-terminal domain of mers-cov spike glycoprotein. | most neutralizing antibodies against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) target the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the spike glycoprotein and block its binding to the cellular receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4). the epitopes and mechanisms of mabs targeting non-rbd regions have not been well characterized yet. here we report the monoclonal antibody 7d10 that binds to the n-terminal domain (ntd) of the spike glycoprotein and inhibits the cell entry of mers-cov with high ... | 2019 | 31296843 |
| knowledge and practices of dentists regarding mers-cov. a cross-sectional survey in saudi arabia. | to assess virus knowledge among dentists in saudi arabia and to identify factors associated with recommended management practices of patients. method: a structured questionnaire was distributed to dentists in major saudi cities between september 2016 and december 2017. the questionnaire investigated participants' knowledge about middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) transmission, consequences, patient identification and history taking practices. data was collected using paper-b ... | 2019 | 31287133 |
| verification and diagnostic evaluation of the realstar® middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (n gene) reverse transcription-pcr kit 1.0. | aim: we report the diagnostic evaluation of a confirmatory reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) kit targeting the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) n gene. material & methods: 33 patient samples from two collections sites in riyadh, saudi arabia, which were pre-characterized via real-time rt-pcr targeting mers-cov orf1a and upe, and were tested using the mers-cov n gene, as a confirmatory assay. this diagnostic procedure follows a two-step diagnostics scheme, recommended by t ... | 2019 | 31271059 |
| controversy around airborne versus droplet transmission of respiratory viruses: implication for infection prevention. | health agencies recommend transmission-based precautions, including contact, droplet and airborne precautions, to mitigate transmission of respiratory viruses in healthcare settings. there is particular controversy over the importance of aerosol transmission and whether airborne precautions should be recommended for some respiratory viruses. here, we review the current recommendations of transmission-based precautions and the latest evidence on the aerosol transmission of respiratory viruses. | 2019 | 31259864 |
| estimation of direct medical costs of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center retrospective chart review study. | among the countries affected by middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), saudi arabia was impacted the most, with 2,058 cases reported as of june 2019. however, the impact of the mers epidemic on the saudi economy is unknown. | 2019 | 31819541 |
| influenza virus rna recovered from droplets and droplet nuclei emitted by adults in an acute care setting. | transmission in hospital settings of seasonal influenza viruses and novel agents such as the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is well-described but poorly understood. the characterization of potentially infectious bio-aerosols in the healthcare setting remains an important yet ill-defined factor in the transmission of respiratory viruses. empiric data describing the distribution of bio-aerosols enable discernment of potential exposure risk to respiratory viruses. we sought ... | 2019 | 31050610 |
| current epidemiological status of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the world from 1.1.2017 to 17.1.2018: a cross-sectional study. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is considered to be responsible for a new viral epidemic and an emergent threat to global health security. this study describes the current epidemiological status of mers-cov in the world. | 2019 | 31029095 |
| discovery and characterization of novel bat coronavirus lineages from kazakhstan. | coronaviruses are positive-stranded rna viruses that infect a variety of hosts, resulting in a range of symptoms from gastrointestinal illness to respiratory distress. bats are reservoirs for a high diversity of coronaviruses, and focused surveillance detected several strains genetically similar to mers-coronavirus, sars-coronavirus, and the human coronaviruses 229e and nl63. the bat fauna of central asia, which link china to eastern europe, are relatively less studied than other regions of the ... | 2019 | 30999711 |
| enhanced surveillance for severe pneumonia, thailand 2010-2015. | the etiology of severe pneumonia is frequently not identified by routine disease surveillance in thailand. since 2010, the thailand ministry of public health (moph) and us cdc have conducted surveillance to detect known and new etiologies of severe pneumonia. | 2019 | 32326941 |
| successes and challenges of the one health approach in kenya over the last decade. | more than 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in origin and a transdisciplinary, multi-sectoral one health approach is a key strategy for their effective prevention and control. in 2004, us centers for disease control and prevention office in kenya (cdc kenya) established the global disease detection division of which one core component was to support, with other partners, the one health approach to public health science. after catalytic events such as the global expansion of highly ... | 2019 | 32326940 |
| viromimetic sting agonist-loaded hollow polymeric nanoparticles for safe and effective vaccination against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | the continued threat of emerging, highly lethal infectious pathogens such as middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) calls for the development of novel vaccine technology that offers safe and effective prophylactic measures. here, a novel nanoparticle vaccine is developed to deliver subunit viral antigens and sting agonists in a virus-like fashion. sting agonists are first encapsulated into capsid-like hollow polymeric nanoparticles, which show multiple favorable attributes, incl ... | 2019 | 32313544 |
| a rapid scoping review of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in animal hosts. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen discovered in 2012. the purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the empirical evidence for mers-cov in animals in order to map knowledge gaps and to extract data for modelling disease transmission in dromedary camels. a review protocol was developed a priori, and a systematic search, data extraction and summary were conducted using the arksey and o'malley framework. ninety-nine publications were iden ... | 2019 | 30421581 |
| knowledge and practices regarding middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus among camel handlers in a slaughterhouse, kenya, 2015. | dromedary camels are implicated as reservoirs for the zoonotic transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) with the respiratory route thought to be the main mode of transmission. knowledge and practices regarding mers among herders, traders and slaughterhouse workers were assessed at athi-river slaughterhouse, kenya. questionnaires were administered, and a check list was used to collect information on hygiene practices among slaughterhouse workers. of 22 persons, all ... | 2019 | 30238634 |
| global status of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: a systematic review. | dromedary camels have been shown to be the main reservoir for human middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) infections. this systematic review aims to compile and analyse all published data on mers-coronavirus (cov) in the global camel population to provide an overview of current knowledge on the distribution, spread and risk factors of infections in dromedary camels. we included original research articles containing laboratory evidence of mers-cov infections in dromedary camels in the field fro ... | 2019 | 30869000 |
| bactrian camels shed large quantities of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) after experimental infection. | in 2012, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged. to date, more than 2300 cases have been reported, with an approximate case fatality rate of 35%. epidemiological investigations identified dromedary camels as the source of mers-cov zoonotic transmission and evidence of mers-cov circulation has been observed throughout the original range of distribution. other new-world camelids, alpacas and llamas, are also susceptible to mers-cov infection. currently, it is unknown wheth ... | 2019 | 31119984 |
| insilico alpha-helical structural recognition of temporin antimicrobial peptides and its interactions with middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. | many antimicrobial peptides (amps) have multiple antimicrobial immunity effects. one such class of peptides is temporins. temporins are the smallest (amps) found in nature and are highly active against gram-positive bacteria. nowadays, there was a rapid increase in the availability of the 3d structure of proteins in pdb (protein data bank). the conserved residues and 3d structural conformations of temporins (amps) were still unknown. the present study explores the sequence analysis, alpha-helica ... | 2019 | 32206049 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome: pathogenesis and therapeutic developments. | the first case of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was identified in the year 2012, which spread rapidly and increased to more than 2200 in 2018. this highly pathogenic virus with high mortality rate is among one of the major public health concerns. saudi arabia remains to be the most affected region with the majority of mers-cov cases, and currently, no effective drugs and vaccines are available for prevention and treatment. a large amount of information is now available ... | 2019 | 32201499 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus epidemic impact on healthcare workers' risk perceptions, work and personal lives. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) continues to cause frequent outbreaks in hospitals in saudi arabia. since healthcare workers (hcws) have a higher risk of acquiring and spreading mers-cov, we aimed to evaluate the perceived risk and anxiety level of hcws in saudi arabia regarding mers. | 2019 | 32084023 |
| phylogenetic diversity and dna barcoding of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae) of the eastern region of saudi arabia. | hard ticks are causative agents of physical illness and vectors of important diseases of human and livestock. the hard tick hyalomma dromedarii koch, 1844 is a major ectoparasite of livestock in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa), of which, the onehumped dromedaries camelus dromedarius is the most economically and culturally important and a potential reservoir of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (merscov) disease. here we report on the molecular phylogenetic diversity of h. dromedarii ... | 2019 | 33597400 |
| covid-19, your pet and other animals: are you at risk? | despite fast-tracked research, the precise origin, transmission and evolution of covid-19 are still unknown. while the bat genus rhinolophus is likely the primary source of the zoonotic-origin pathogen sars-cov-2 that causes covid-19, its transmission route into the human population is still being studied.[1,2] coronaviruses (cov) affect humans and various animal species. bats were the original hosts of the cov that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory ... | 2020 | 33295324 |
| camelid inoculation with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: experimental models of reservoir host infection. | within the past two decades, three zoonotic betacoronaviruses have been associated with outbreaks causing severe respiratory disease in humans. of these, middle east respiratory s yndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is the only zoonotic coronavirus that is known to consistently result in frequent zoonotic spillover events from the proximate reservoir host-the dromedary camel. a comprehensive understanding of infection in dromedaries is critical to informing public health recommendations and implement ... | 2020 | 33266124 |
| risk factors for serological evidence of mers-cov in camels, kenya, 2016-2017. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging viral disease and dromedary camels are known to be the source of human spill over events. a cross-sectional epidemiological surveillance study was carried out in kenya in 2017 to, 1) estimate mers-cov antibody seropositivity in the camel-dense counties of turkana, marsabit, isiolo, laikipia and nakuru to identify, and 2) determine the risk factors associated with seropositivity in camels. blood samples were collected from a t ... | 2020 | 33186881 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus seropositive bactrian camels, mongolia. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a zoonotic disease that was first identified in humans in 2012 in saudi arabia. mers-cov causes acute and severe respiratory disease in humans. the mortality rate of mers in humans is ∼35% and >800 deaths have been reported globally as of august 2020. dromedary camels are a natural host of the virus and the source of zoonotic human infection. in experimental studies, bactrian camels are susceptible to mers-cov infection similar to dromed ... | 2020 | 33197370 |
| the effects of social media use on preventive behaviors during infectious disease outbreaks: the mediating role of self-relevant emotions and public risk perception. | while there has been increasing attention to the role of social media during infectious disease outbreaks, relatively little is known about the underlying mechanisms by which social media use affects risk perception and preventive behaviors during such outbreaks. using data collected during the 2015 middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in south korea, this study explores the relationships among social media use, risk perception, and preventive behaviors by examining t ... | 2020 | 32064932 |
| a realistic two-strain model for mers-cov infection uncovers the high risk for epidemic propagation. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes severe acute respiratory illness with a case fatality rate (cfr) of 35,5%. the highest number of mers-cov cases are from saudi-arabia, the major worldwide hotspot for this disease. in the absence of neither effective treatment nor a ready-to-use vaccine and with yet an incomplete understanding of its epidemiological cycle, prevention and containment measures can be derived from mathematical models of disease epidemiology. we construc ... | 2020 | 32059047 |
| overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses sars-cov, mers-cov, and 2019-ncov. | first reported from wuhan, the people's republic of china, on 31 december 2019, the ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) causes great global concerns. based on the advice of the international health regulations emergency committee and the fact that to date 24 other countries also reported cases, the who director-general declared that the outbreak of 2019-ncov constitutes a public health emergency of international concern on 30 january 2020. together with the other two highly patho ... | 2020 | 32056249 |
| does sars-cov-2 has a longer incubation period than sars and mers? | the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2) since december 2019 in wuhan, the major transportation hub in central china, became an emergency of major international concern. while several etiological studies have begun to reveal the specific biological features of this virus, the epidemic characteristics need to be elucidated. notably, a long incubation time was reported to be associated with sars-cov-2 infection, leading to adjustments in screening and control policies. to avoid the risk of ... | 2020 | 32056235 |
| α-ketoamides as broad-spectrum inhibitors of coronavirus and enterovirus replication: structure-based design, synthesis, and activity assessment. | the main protease of coronaviruses and the 3c protease of enteroviruses share a similar active-site architecture and a unique requirement for glutamine in the p1 position of the substrate. because of their unique specificity and essential role in viral polyprotein processing, these proteases are suitable targets for the development of antiviral drugs. in order to obtain near-equipotent, broad-spectrum antivirals against alphacoronaviruses, betacoronaviruses, and enteroviruses, we pursued a struc ... | 2020 | 32045235 |
| identifying factors and target preventive therapies for middle east respiratory syndrome sucsibtable patients. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus that was identified in 2012 in saudi arabia. it is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. we identified factors associated with the middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) infection among suspected cases presented with sign and symptoms of upper respiratory infection or exposure to the virus. we also looked at the impact of medication history on virus transmission. | 2020 | 32042254 |
| [potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus]. | the recent outbreak of respiratory illness in wuhan, china is caused by a novel coronavirus, named 2019-ncov, which is genetically close to a bat-derived coronavirus. 2019-ncov is categorized as beta genus coronavirus, same as the two other strains - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). antiviral drugs commonly used in clinical practice, including neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, paramivir, zanamivir, etc.), g ... | 2020 | 32023685 |
| the novel coronavirus: a bird's eye view. | the novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) outbreak, which initially began in china, has spread to many countries around the globe, with the number of confirmed cases increasing every day. with a death toll exceeding that of the sars-cov outbreak back in 2002 and 2003 in china, 2019-ncov has led to a public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations on high alert. herein, we present on an overview of the currently available information on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, c ... | 2020 | 32020915 |
| effect of isolation practice on the transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus among hemodialysis patients: a 2-year prospective cohort study. | hemodialysis (hd) patients had a high rate of infection transmission and mortality during the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) outbreak in saudi arabia. a standardized guideline on isolation technique for exposed hd patients is not available. thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different isolation strategies on the prevention of secondary viral transmission and clinical outcomes among exposed hd patients.during the 2015 mers-cov outbreak in korea, 116 patients ... | 2020 | 32011472 |
| finding equipoise: cepi revises its equitable access policy. | launched at davos in january 2017 with funding from sovereign investors and philanthropic institutions, the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations (cepi) is an innovative partnership between public, private, philanthropic, and civil organisations whose mission is to stimulate, finance and co-ordinate vaccine development against diseases with epidemic potential in cases where market incentives fail. as of december 2019, cepi has committed to investing up to $706 million in vaccine develo ... | 2020 | 32005536 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) - surveillance and testing in north england from 2012 to 2019. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in saudi arabia in 2012 and caused an epidemic in the middle east. public health england (phe) manchester is one of the two phe centres in the uk that perform testing for mers-cov. the results of the phe manchester mers surveillance from 2012 to 2019 are presented in this report. | 2020 | 32004690 |
| the risk factors associated with mers-cov patient fatality: a global survey. | risk factors associated with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection outcome were established by analyses of who data from september 23, 2012 to 18 june 2018. of the 2220 reported cases, 1408 cases, including 451 mers-cov deaths, were analyzed. the case fatality rate was 32% (95% ci: 29.4-34.5). compared to mers patients ≤30 years old, those with >30 years had the adjusted odds ratio estimate for death of 2.38 [95% ci: 1.75-3.22]. this index was 1.43 [95% ci: 1.06-1.92] ... | 2020 | 31959375 |
| design, synthesis and molecular docking of novel triazole derivatives as potential cov helicase inhibitors. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) had emerged and spread because of the worldwide travel and inefficient healthcare provided for the infected patients in several countries. herein we investigated the anti-mers-cov activity of newly synthesized sixteen halogenated triazole compounds through the inhibition of helicase activity using the fret assay. all new compounds underwent justification for their target structures via microanalytical and spectral data. sar studies were per ... | 2020 | 31955138 |
| characterization of novel monoclonal antibodies against mers-coronavirus spike protein. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes severe pulmonary infection, with ∼35 % mortality. spike glycoprotein (s) of mers-cov is a key target for vaccines and therapeutics because s mediates viral entry and membrane-fusion to host cells. here, four different s subunit proteins, receptor-binding domain (rbd; 358-606 aa), s1 (1-751 aa), s2 (752-1296 aa), and sδtm (1-1296 aa), were generated using the baculoviral system and immunized in mice to develop neutralizing antibodies. ... | 2020 | 31945421 |
| common co-morbidities are challenging in the diagnosis of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers-cov) in saudi arabia. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a relatively recent human disease reported initially in saudi arabia in september, 2012. morbidities investigation includes a process of excluding other possible options until certain suspected cases are confirmed. | 2020 | 31944070 |
| effect of information disclosure policy on control of infectious disease: mers-cov outbreak in south korea. | this study examined the effect of disclosing a list of hospitals with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) patients on the number of laboratory-confirmed mers-cov cases in south korea. mers-cov data from 20 may 2015 to 5 july 2015 were from the korean ministry of health & welfare website and analyzed using segmented linear autoregressive error models for interrupted time series. this study showed that the number of laboratory-confirmed cases was increased by 9.632 on 5 june (p ... | 2020 | 31906369 |
| metabolite, protein, and lipid extraction (mplex): a method that simultaneously inactivates middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and allows analysis of multiple host cell components following infection. | mass spectrometry (ms)-based, integrated proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics (collectively, multi-omics) studies provide a very detailed snapshot of virus-induced changes to the host following infection and can lead to the identification of novel prophylactic and therapeutic targets for preventing or lessening disease severity. multi-omics studies with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) are challenging as the requirements of biosafety level 3 containment limit the numbe ... | 2020 | 31883096 |
| development of a mouse-adapted mers coronavirus. | first identified in 2012, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel virus that can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), multiorgan failure, and death, with a case fatality rate of ~35%. an animal model that supports mers-cov infection and causes severe lung disease is useful to study pathogenesis and evaluate therapies and vaccines. the murine dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4) protein is not a functional receptor for mers-cov; thus, mice are resistant to mers-co ... | 2020 | 31883095 |
| genetically engineering a susceptible mouse model for mers-cov-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. | since 2012, monthly cases of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) continue to cause severe respiratory disease that is fatal in ~35% of diagnosed individuals. the ongoing threat to global public health and the need for novel therapeutic countermeasures have driven the development of animal models that can reproducibly replicate the pathology associated with mers-cov in human infections. the inability of mers-cov to replicate in the respiratory tracts of mice, hamsters, and fer ... | 2020 | 31883094 |
| evaluation of mers-cov neutralizing antibodies in sera using live virus microneutralization assay. | the microneutralization (mn) assay is a standard and important technique in virology, immunology, and epidemiology. it is a highly specific and sensitive assay for evaluating virus-specific neutralizing antibodies (nabs) in human and animal sera. it provides the most precise answer to whether or not an individual or animal has antibodies that can neutralize or inhibit the infectivity of a specific virus strain. however, using live virus-based mn assay might require working under high containment ... | 2020 | 31883091 |
| deducing the crystal structure of mers-cov helicase. | rna virus encodes a helicase essential for viral rna transcription and replication when the genome size is larger than 7 kb. coronavirus (cov) has an exceptionally large rna genome (~30 kb) and it encodes an essential replicase, the nonstructural protein 13 (nsp13), a member of superfamily 1 helicases. nsp13 is among the evolutionary most conserved proteins not only in covs but also in nidovirales. thus, it is considered as an important drug target. however, the high-resolution structure of cov ... | 2020 | 31883088 |
| biochemical characterization of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein proteolytic processing. | the coronavirus spike envelope glycoprotein is an essential viral component that mediates virus entry events. biochemical assessment of the spike protein is critical for understanding structure-function relationships and the roles of the protein in the viral life cycle. coronavirus spike proteins are typically proteolytically processed and activated by host cell enzymes such as trypsin-like proteases, cathepsins, or proprotein-convertases. analysis of coronavirus spike proteins by western blot a ... | 2020 | 31883085 |
| evaluating mers-cov entry pathways. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range. the extent of mers-cov in nature can be traced to its adaptable cell entry steps. the virus can bind host-cell carbohydrates as well as proteinaceous receptors. following receptor interaction, the virus can utilize diverse host proteases for cleavage activation of virus-host cell membrane fusion and subsequent genome delivery. the fusion and genome delivery steps can be completed at ... | 2020 | 31883084 |
| studying evolutionary adaptation of mers-cov. | forced viral adaptation is a powerful technique employed to study the ways viruses may overcome various selective pressures that reduce viral replication. here, we describe methods for in vitro serial passaging of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) to select for mutations which increase replication on semi-permissive cell lines as described in letko et al., cell rep 24, 1730-1737, 2018. | 2020 | 31883083 |
| ultra-rapid real-time rt-pcr method for detecting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus using a mobile pcr device, pcr1100. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus (mers-cov) is usually diagnosed through highly sensitive and specific genetic tests such as real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). currently, two real-time rt-pcr assays targeting the upe and orf1a regions of the mers-cov genome are widely used, and these are the standard assays recommended by the world health organization (who). the mers outbreaks to date suggest that rapid diagnosis and subsequent isolation of inf ... | 2020 | 31875608 |
| diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and death among 32 patients with mers-cov infection, saudi arabia. | diabetes mellitus and hypertension are recognized risk factors for severe clinical outcomes, including death, associated with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. among 32 virus-infected patients in saudi arabia, severity of illness and frequency of death corresponded closely with presence of multiple and more severe underlying conditions. | 2020 | 31855530 |