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contribution of pbp3 substitutions and tem-1, tem-15, and rob-1 beta-lactamases to cefotaxime resistance in haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae.to investigate the relative contributions of naturally occurring penicillin-binding protein 3 (pbp3) substitutions, and tem-1, tem-15, and rob-1 beta-lactamases on resistance to a third-generation cephalosporin in haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae.201626683319
a small volume technique to examine and compare alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and non typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi).a defective ability of alveolar macrophages to phagocytose both apoptotic airway epithelial cells and bacteria in chronic lung diseases potentially associated with inflammation and bacterial colonisation of the lower airways, often with non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), has been shown. we routinely assess phagocytosis in the airway of children: however, the small volume of bal obtained usually precludes the investigation of phagocytosis of both (potentially equally relevant) apoptotic ...201626678160
correction: detection of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type b by real-time pcr from dried blood spot samples among children with pneumonia: a useful approach for developing countries. 201626785260
copd is characterized by increased detection of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and a deficiency of bacillus species.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and inflammation. airway bacterial colonization is increased in copd; however, the role of potentially pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in the pathogenesis of disease is unclear. this study characterized the presence of bacteria in a well-characterized cohort of adults with copd and healthy controls.201626781464
dna aptamers for the detection of haemophilus influenzae type b by cell selex.haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) causes acute bacterial meningitis (abm) in children, with a mortality rate of about 3-6 % of the affected patients. abm can lead to death during a period of hours to several days and, hence, rapid and early detection of the infection is crucial. aptamers, the short single-stranded dna or rna with high affinity to target molecules, are selected by a high-flux screening technique known as in vitro screening and systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enri ...201626768582
laboratory characterization of invasive haemophilus influenzae isolates from nunavut, canada, 2000-2012.with invasive haemophilus influenzae serotype b (hib) disease controlled by vaccination with conjugate hib vaccines, there is concern that invasive disease due to non-serotype b strains may emerge.201626765260
process development of a new haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine and the use of mathematical modeling to identify process optimization possibilities.vaccination is one of the most successful public health interventions being a cost-effective tool in preventing deaths among young children. the earliest vaccines were developed following empirical methods, creating vaccines by trial and error. new process development tools, for example mathematical modeling, as well as new regulatory initiatives requiring better understanding of both the product and the process are being applied to well-characterized biopharmaceuticals (for example recombinant ...201626821825
molecular epidemiology of ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae causing acute otitis media in japanese infants and young children.nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a particularly important cause of acute otitis media (aom). there is a high prevalence of β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant (blnar) strains in japanese children, which is associated with recurrent aom and prolonged treatment. the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile, mechanisms of ampicillin resistance and molecular epidemiology of ampicillin resistance in h. influenzae strains causing aom in japanese chil ...201626808724
response to wu et al. - cost-effectiveness analysis of infant pneumococcal vaccination in malaysia and hong kong.a recently published paper that assessed the comparative cost-effectiveness of the 2 pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs) in malaysia and hong kong reported that the 13-valent pcv vaccine (pcv13) is a better choice compared to the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv or pcv10) from both a payer and societal perspective as well as under various scenarios. however, the analysis relied on a large number of assumptions that were either err ...201627459265
in vitro activity of delafloxacin tested against isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis.delafloxacin, an investigational anionic fluoroquinolone, is active against a broad range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. in this study, 200 streptococcus pneumoniae (plus 30 levofloxacin-resistant isolates), 200 haemophilus influenzae, and 100 moraxella catarrhalis isolates selected primarily from the united states (2014) were tested against delafloxacin and comparator agents. delafloxacin was the most potent agent tested. mic50 and mic90 values against all s. pneumoniae isolates w ...201627458220
synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of novel 4″-glycyl linked quinolyl-azithromycins with potent activity against macrolide-resistant pathogens.a new azithromycin-based series of antibacterial macrolones is reported, which features the use of a 4″-ester linked glycin for tethering the quinolone side chain to the macrolide scaffold. among the analogs prepared, compounds 9e and 22f with a quinolon-6-yl moiety were found to have potent and well-balanced activity against clinically important respiratory tract pathogens, including erythromycin-susceptible and mlsb resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and hae ...201626860929
supersilac quantitative proteome profiling of murine middle ear epithelial cell remodeling with nthi.chronic otitis media with effusion (come) develops after sustained inflammation and is characterized by secretory middle ear epithelial metaplasia and effusion, most frequently mucoid. non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), the most common acute otitis media (om) pathogen, is postulated to promote middle ear epithelial remodeling in the progression of om from acute to chronic. the goals of this study were to examine histopathological and quantitative proteomic epithelial effects of nthi cha ...201626859300
intercellular adhesion molecule 1 serves as a primary cognate receptor for the type iv pilus of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae.nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) utilizes the type iv pilus (tfp) to adhere to respiratory tract epithelial cells thus colonizing its human host; however, the host cell receptor to which this adhesive protein binds is unknown. from a panel of receptors engaged by tfp expressed by other bacterial species, we showed that the majority subunit of nthi tfp, pila, bound to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam1) and that this interaction was both specific and of high affinity. further, tfp- ...201626857242
the impact of exogenous factors on respiratory pathogen-induced innate alveolar macrophage responses in copd.alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) have fundamentally impaired innate immune responses to toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). however, whether dysfunctional inflammatory responses in copd extend to macrophage interactions with intact respiratory pathogens beyond nthi has not been explored. furthermore, the influences of exogenous factors, including active smoking and medications, on pathogen-induced innate immune respon ...201626853802
effect of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination without a booster dose on invasive h influenzae type b disease, nasopharyngeal carriage, and population immunity in kilifi, kenya: a 15-year regional surveillance study.haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine, delivered as a three-dose series without a booster, was introduced into the childhood vaccination programme in kenya in 2001. the duration of protection and need for a booster dose are unknown. we aimed to assess vaccine effectiveness, the impact of the vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage, and population immunity after introduction of conjugate hib vaccine in infancy without a booster dose in kenya.201626853149
streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus species colonization in health care workers: the launch of invasive infections?streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are important human pathogens. the risk of airborne and droplet-transmitted respiratory tract infections in healthcare workers (hcw) is substantial. the aim of this study was to determine the extent of oropharyngeal colonization with s. pneumoniae and haemophilus spp. their antibiogram and risk factors of colonization in hcw at a tertiary care center, western nepal.201626847639
invasive haemophilus influenzae serotype f case reports in mazovia province, poland.after successful introduction of anti-haemophilus influenzae (hi) serotype b vaccination program in poland, invasive non-b or nontypeable h. influenzae infections have been reported more frequently alike in other countries all over the world. in this paper, we report 2 cases of h. influenzae serotype f (hif) meningitis with severe clinical presentations which are rarely seen in previously healthy children.the first case is a 6-year-old girl who was admitted to pediatric ward with signs of mening ...201626844500
resolvin d1 dampens pulmonary inflammation and promotes clearance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae.nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that frequently causes ear infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, and exacerbations in patients with underlying inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. in mice, nthi is rapidly cleared, but a strong inflammatory response persists, underscoring the concept that nthi induces dysregulation of normal inflammatory responses and causes a failure to resolve. lipid-derived specialized proresolv ...201626843331
non-typeable haemophilus influenzae purulent pericarditis in a child with cystic fibrosis.early airway colonization and infection with haemophilus influenzae in children with cystic fibrosis (cf) is common. although the pathogenicity of non-typeable h. influenzae (nthi) in patients with cf is controversial, this organism can cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. extra-pulmonary disease, however, is rare. purulent pericarditis is a suppurative complication of bacterial infection of the pericardial space that can arise as a result of direct extension from an adjacent ...201626842501
a discrete role for fnr in the transcriptional response to moderate changes in oxygen by haemophilus influenzae rd kw20.the survival by pathogenic bacteria within the specific conditions of an anatomical niche is critical for their persistence. these conditions include the combination of toxic chemicals, such as reactive oxygen (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns), with factors relevant to cell growth, such as oxygen. haemophilus influenzae senses oxygen levels largely through the redox state of the intracellular fumarate-nitrate global regulator (fnr). h. influenzae certainly encounters oxygen levels that f ...201626499095
haemophilus influenzae licb contributes to lung damage in an aged mice co-infection model.phosphorylcholine (chop) decoration of lipopolysaccharides is an important virulence strategy adopted by haemophilus influenzae to establish a niche on the mucosal surface and to promote adherence to the host cells. the incorporation of chop on the lps surface involves the lic1 operon, which consists of the lica, licb, licc, and licd genes. among which, licb is a choline transporter gene required for acquisition of choline from environmental sources. in this study, we investigated the pathogenes ...201626521136
haemophilus influenzae: a potent perinatal pathogen disproportionately isolated from indigenous women and their neonates.nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) bacteraemia in pregnant women is strongly associated with pregnancy loss and preterm delivery. however, the clinical significance of isolation of nthi from nonsterile sites is unknown.201626503452
haemophilus influenzae triggers autophagy in hep-2 cells.the map-lc3 system regulates the intracellular formation of autophagy-associated vacuoles. these vacuoles contain the lc3 protein; thus it has been utilized as a marker to identify autophagosomes. the aim of our study was to investigate whether haemophilus influenzae strains and their supernatants could activate autophagy in human larynx carcinoma cell line (hep-2). we demonstrate that higher expression of the lc3b-ii protein was induced, particularly by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) ...201626537814
persistence of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae in the pharynx of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy after treatment with azithromycin.this study was performed in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy to evaluate the effect of azithromycin (azt) on the presence of nthi in monocyte/macrophages (cd14(+) cells) of adenoids/tonsils and the persistence of nthi after adenotonsillectomy. a total of 36 pediatric patients participated in the study: 20 children were treated with azt before adenotonsillectomy, and 16 children did not receive the antibiotic prior to surgery. nthi were identified by culture and pcr in swabs and tissue sa ...201626546328
seasonal variation in the incidence of late-onset bleb-related infection after filtering surgery in japan: the japan glaucoma society survey of bleb-related infection report 3.to investigate seasonal variations in the incidence of late-onset bleb-related infection after filtering surgery in japan and the relationship between season and other factors.201626550963
pediatric bacterial meningitis in french guiana.controlling vaccine-preventable infectious diseases is a public health priority in french guiana but there is currently no epidemiological data on pediatric bacterial meningitis in this overseas department. our aim was to describe data related to pediatric bacterial meningitis in french guiana and compare it with that of metropolitan france.201626607229
impact of meteorological factors on lower respiratory tract infections in children.to evaluate retrospectively the relationship between meteorological factors in shenmu county, yulin city, shaanxi province, china and the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in children.201626658270
airway dysbiosis: haemophilus influenzae and tropheryma in poorly controlled asthma.asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways where bacteria may act as protagonists of chronic inflammation. little is known about the relation of airway inflammation to the presence of specific bacterial taxa. we sought to describe the sputum microbiome in adults with poorly controlled asthma.dna was extracted from induced sputum and microbial communities were profiled using 16s rrna pyrosequencing. bacterial species were characterised, and the relationship between microbial populat ...201626647445
protracted bacterial bronchitis: the last decade and the road ahead.cough is the single most common reason for primary care physician visits and, when chronic, a frequent indication for specialist referrals. in children, a chronic cough (>4 weeks) is associated with increased morbidity and reduced quality of life. one common cause of childhood chronic cough is protracted bacterial bronchitis (pbb), especially in children aged <6 years. pbb is characterized by a chronic wet or productive cough without signs of an alternative cause and responds to 2 weeks of appro ...201626636654
clinical and molecular epidemiology of childhood invasive nontypeable haemophilus influenzae disease in england and wales.in countries with established haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) immunization programs, nontypeable h. influenzae (nthi) is now responsible for nearly all invasive h. influenzae cases across all age groups.201626569188
changes in airway inflammation during pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia.lung disease in patients with both primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd) or cystic fibrosis (cf) is associated with impaired mucociliary clearance; however, clinical outcomes are typically worse in cf patients. we assessed whether cf and pcd patients differ in inflammatory response in the airways during pulmonary exacerbation.we first studied clinically stable pcd patients with a spectrum of bacterial pathogens to assess inflammatory response to different pathogens. subsequently, pcd and cf patients ...201626585432
the short-term impact of each primary dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.early onset of persistent otitis media is a priority issue for australian indigenous populations. the objective is to determine the direct and short-term impact of one, two and three doses of any pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) formulation on nasopharyngeal (np) carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) and non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), the otopathogens targeted by current pcvs.201626742947
effect of fluoroquinolones and macrolides on eradication and resistance of haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.little is known about the effect of antibiotics on eradication of carriage and development of resistance in haemophilus influenzae in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). our goals were to assess antibiotic susceptibilities, prevalence of resistance genes, and development of resistance in h. influenzae and to evaluate the effect of macrolide and fluoroquinolone administration on h. influenzae eradication. data were from a 15-year longitudinal study of copd. genome seque ...201627139476
mechanism and potential inhibitors of glmu: a novel target for antimicrobial drug discovery.multidrug resistant (mdr) gram negative pathogens pose a persistent threat to the health care and require investigation of new targets and molecules for the development of antibiotics to treat infections caused by mdr bacterial pathogens. n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate-uridyltransferase/glucosamine-1-phosphate-acetyltransferase (glmu) is one such target which is involved in the synthesis of both peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide in gram negative and gram positive bacteria making glmu an attr ...201627138757
post-gavi sustainability of the haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine program: the potential role of economic evaluation.haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) can cause severe invasive diseases which are, however, preventable by vaccination. to increase access to hib vaccine, gavi - the vaccine alliance - has provided financial support for 73 lower income countries worldwide. at the same time, gavi has been implementing its co-financing policy, requiring recipient countries to pay a portion of vaccine costs and to increase this amount over time. starting in 2016, 5 countries will stop receiving gavi funding and proc ...201627135964
phase i, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled studies to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an investigational non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) protein vaccine in adults.non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a major cause of various respiratory diseases. the development of an effective vaccine against nthi mandates new approaches beyond conjugated vaccines as this opportunistic bacterium is non-encapsulated. here we report on the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a multi-component investigational vaccine based on three conserved surface proteins from nthi (proteins d [pd], e [pe] and pilin a [pila]) in two observer-blind phase i studies.201627133877
prevalence of neisseria meningitidis carriage: a small-scale survey in istanbul, turkey.the human nasopharynx is the main reservoir of neisseria meningitidis, and asymptomatic carriage is common. n. meningitidis one of the common causes of bacterial meningitis in turkey, especially after the implementation of the national immunization program that includes conjugated pneumococcal and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of meningococcal carriage and determine the leading serogroup, which may help authorities to adapt appro ...201627131006
what's on the outside matters: the role of the extracellular polymeric substance of gram-negative biofilms in evading host immunity and as a target for therapeutic intervention.biofilms are organized multicellular communities encased in an extracellular polymeric substance (eps). biofilm-resident bacteria resist immunity and antimicrobials. the eps provides structural stability and presents a barrier; however, a complete understanding of how eps structure relates to biological function is lacking. this review focuses on the eps of three gram-negative pathogens: pseudomonas aeruginosa, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, and salmonella enterica serovar typhi/typhimurium ...201627129225
food and drug administration approval for use of hiberix as a 3-dose primary haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccination series.on january 14, 2016, glaxosmithkline biologicals (research triangle park, north carolina) received approval from the food and drug administration (fda) to expand use of hiberix (haemophilus b conjugate vaccine [tetanus toxoid conjugate]) for a 3-dose infant primary vaccination series at ages 2, 4, and 6 months. hiberix was first licensed in the united states in august 2009 for use as a booster dose in children aged 15 months through 4 years under the accelerated approval regulations, in response ...201627124887
transformed recombinant enrichment profiling rapidly identifies hmw1 as an intracellular invasion locus in haemophilus influenza.many bacterial species actively take up and recombine homologous dna into their genomes, called natural competence, a trait that offers a means to identify the genetic basis of naturally occurring phenotypic variation. here, we describe "transformed recombinant enrichment profiling" (trep), in which natural transformation is used to generate complex pools of recombinants, phenotypic selection is used to enrich for specific recombinants, and deep sequencing is used to survey for the genetic varia ...201627124727
synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 11-[3-[(arylcarbamoyl)oxy]propylamino]-11-deoxy-6-o-methyl-3-oxoerythromycin a 11-n,12-o-cyclic carbamate derivatives.a series of novel 11-[3-[(arylcarbamoyl)oxy]propylamino]-11-deoxy-6-o-methyl-3-oxoerythromycin a 11-n,12-o-cyclic carbamate derivatives (6a-h) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities in vitro. most of these compounds had significant antibacterial activity against two groups of pathogens of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mic50=0.031-2 μg ml(-1)) except 6g and methicillin-sensitive s. epidermidis (mic50=0.031-0.5 μg ml(-1)). mic90 of 6d against met ...201627118243
steroid-induced deficiency of mucosal-associated invariant t cells in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lung. implications for nontypeable haemophilus influenzae infection.mucosal-associated invariant t (mait) cells are a recently described abundant, proinflammatory t-cell subset with unknown roles in pulmonary immunity. nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is the leading bacterial pathogen during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbations and is a plausible target for mait cells.201627115408
impact of the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the brazilian routine childhood national immunization program.brazil introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv, synflorix™, gsk vaccines) in the routine childhood immunization program in 2010 with a 3+1 schedule (with catch-up for children <2 years-old). this review represents the first analysis of the overall impact of a second-generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage and all the major pneumococcal disease manifestations in a single, pneumococcal conjugate vac ...201627113162
cigarette smoke-induced lung disease predisposes to more severe infection with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae: protective effects of andrographolide.cigarette smoke (cs) is associated with many maladies, one of which is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). as the disease progresses, patients are more prone to develop copd exacerbation episodes by bacterial infection, particularly to nontypeable haemophilus influenza (nthi) infection. the present study aimed to develop a cs-exposed mouse model that increases inflammation induced by nthi challenge and investigate the protective effects of andrographolide, a bioactive molecule with ant ...201627104764
3d reconstruction of the human airway mucosa in vitro as an experimental model to study nthi infections.we have established an in vitro 3d system which recapitulates the human tracheo-bronchial mucosa comprehensive of the pseudostratified epithelium and the underlying stromal tissue. in particular, we reported that the mature model, entirely constituted of primary cells of human origin, develops key markers proper of the native tissue such as the mucociliary differentiation of the epithelial sheet and the formation of the basement membrane. the infection of the pseudo-tissue with a strain of nonty ...201627101006
vaccinations in asplenic adults.the recommended immunizations for adult asplenic patients are reviewed.201627099328
immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable h. influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine coadministered with dtpa-ipv-hib in dutch children: a randomized controlled trial.immune responses and safety profiles may be affected when vaccines are coadministered. we evaluated the immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d-conjugate (phid-cv; synflorix gsk vaccines) and dtpa-ipv-hib (pediacel sanofi pasteur msd) when coadministered.201627097348
bacterial tracheitis caused by haemophilus influenzae after influenza. 201627086830
microbiology of chronic rhinosinusitis.most sinus infections are viral and only a small percentage develop bacterial infection. rhino-, influenza, and para-influenza viruses are the most frequent viral causes of sinusitis. the most common bacterial isolates from children and adult patients with community-acquired acute bacterial sinusitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pyogenes. staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic organisms (prevotella and porphyromonas, fusobacterium, a ...201627086363
altered expression of the ccn genes in the lungs of mice in response to cigarette smoke exposure and viral and bacterial infections.the ccn proteins are key signaling and regulatory molecules involved in many biological functions and contribute to malignant and non-malignant lung diseases. despite the high morbidity and mortality of the lung respiratory infectious diseases, there is very little data related to the expression of the ccns during infection. we investigated in mice the pulmonary mrna expression levels of five ccns (1 to 5) in response to influenza a virus (iav) and bacterial agents (nontypeable haemophilus influ ...201627080955
streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type b carriage in chinese children aged 12-18 months in shanghai, china: a cross-sectional study.the bacteria streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) are leading causes of childhood pneumonia and meningitis and are major contributors to worldwide mortality in children younger than 5 years of age. asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus and hib was determined for healthy children in shanghai in 2009.201627080523
erratum for baddal et al., dual rna-seq of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and host cell transcriptomes reveals novel insights into host-pathogen cross talk. 201627073092
listeria monocytogenes merr-like regulator nmlrlm: its transcriptome and role in stress response.nmlr, a negative transcription regulator in the merr family, is involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress response in neisseria gonorrhoeae and haemophilus influenzae. in this study, the objective was to characterize the role and the regulon of nmlr in the foodborne listeria monocytogenes. an l. monocytogenes nmlr null mutant strain was constructed. transcriptomes of strain 10403s wild type (wt) and δnmlrlm strains grown to the stationary phase were determined by mrna sequencing. differential ...201627058117
estimating the public health importance of the cyd-tetravalent dengue vaccine: vaccine preventable disease incidence and numbers needed to vaccinate.to evaluate the potential public health impact of the live attenuated tetravalent sanofi pasteur dengue vaccine (cyd-tdv) we analyzed data from the reported clinical trials to calculate vaccine preventable disease incidence (vpdi) and number needed to vaccinate (nnv) based on the licensure indication for persons age 9 years and above.201627055020
delayed bcg immunization does not alter antibody responses to epi vaccines in hiv-exposed and -unexposed south african infants.bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) is routinely given at birth in tuberculosis-endemic settings due to its protective effect against disseminated tuberculosis in infants. bcg is however contraindicated in hiv-infected infants. we investigated whether delaying bcg vaccination to 14 weeks of age affected vaccine-induced antibody responses to haemophilus influenzae type b (hib)-conjugate, pertussis, tetanus and hepatitis b (hbv) vaccines, in hiv-exposed uninfected (heu) and -unexposed uninfected (huu) i ...201627055019
ct-abnormalities, bacteriology and symptoms of sinonasal disease in children with cystic fibrosis.sinonasal pathology in adults with cystic fibrosis (cf) is common but the extent of ct-abnormalities and symptoms of sinonasal disease in children with cf and the age of onset are less frequently studied.201627049043
results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2009-11 in vietnam.to investigate the susceptibility of respiratory tract infection pathogens collected between 2009 and 2011 from the soar study in vietnam.201627048586
results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2002-09 in turkey.to investigate changes in antibiotic susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) in community-acquired respiratory tract infections (ca-rtis) between 2002 and 2009 in turkey.201627048585
results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2011-13 in turkey.data are presented from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) for respiratory tract infection pathogens collected in 2011-13 from turkey.201627048584
results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2011-13 in ukraine.to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae collected in 2011-13 from ukraine.201627048583
results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2011-13 in the gulf states.to provide surveillance data on the susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory tract isolates from four gulf and near east countries from 2011 to 2013.201627048582
results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2009-11 and 2013-14 in china.to compare antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory bacteria in china during 2009-11 and 2013-14.201627048581
results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2012-14 in thailand, india, south korea and singapore.to provide susceptibility data for community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis collected in 2012-14 from four asian countries.201627048580
results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2011-14 in the democratic republic of congo, ivory coast, republic of senegal and kenya.to assess antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory tract isolates from ivory coast, kenya, democratic republic of congo (drc) and senegal in 2011-14.201627048579
antibiotic susceptibility in streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pyogenes in pakistan: a review of results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2002-15.to investigate changes in the antibiotic susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pyogenes from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) in community-acquired respiratory tract infections (ca-rtis) between 2002 and 2015 in pakistan.201627048578
type iv pilus expression is upregulated in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae biofilms formed at the temperature of the human nasopharynx.nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), a commensal of the human nasopharynx (hnp), is a common cause of biofilm-associated diseases of the respiratory tract. however, nthi biofilm biology at the average hnp temperature, i.e., 34°c, has not been well studied. here we grew nthi biofilms at 34°c and 37°c, to evaluate relative biofilm growth, expression, and function of the type iv pilus (tfp), a critical adhesin important for nthi biofilm formation. the kinetics and regulation of tfp expression ...201627044626
prevention of early episodes of otitis media by pneumococcal vaccines might reduce progression to complex disease.otitis media is a common childhood infection of the middle ear and a major cause of morbidity. this multifactorial disease manifests as a spectrum of clinical syndromes from uncomplicated acute otitis media to more complex recurrent and chronic cases (frequently polymicrobial), with the major pathogens involved being streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs) target only a few serotypes that cause otitis media; however, results from s ...201627036355
multi-site placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial to assess protection following oral immunisation with inactivated non-typeable haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.previous studies identified factors that modify response to an oral non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) vaccine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd): severe copd, moderate-severe exacerbations as end-point and a threshold prevalence of nthi in the study population. more data are needed to confirm parameters that influence clinical outcomes.201627009822
clinical and microbiologic characteristics of vulvovaginitis in korean prepubertal girls, 2009-2014: a single center experience.to update information on the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of pediatric vulvovaginitis in korean prepubertal girls.201627004204
immunogenicity and safety of two doses of catch-up immunization with haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in indian children living with hiv.children living with hiv are at increased risk of disease from haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). data are limited on the immunogenicity of a two-dose, catch-up schedule for hib conjugate vaccine (hibcv) among hiv-infected children accessing antiretroviral therapy (art) late.201626988256
assessing vaccine data recording in brazil.vaccines represent an important advancement for improving the general health of a population. the effective recording of vaccine data is a factor for the definition of its supply chain. this study investigated vaccine data recording relatively to data collected from vaccination rooms and data obtained from a government-developed internet platform.201626982292
detection of respiratory pathogens in pediatric acute otitis media by pcr and comparison of findings in the middle ear and nasopharynx.we conducted a series of polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) in order to detect bacteria (7 species) and viruses (17 species) in middle ear fluid (mef) and nasopharynx (nph) of children with acute otitis media (aom; n=179). bacterial and viral nucleic acids were detected in mef of 78.8% and 14.5% patients, respectively. the prevalence was as follows: streptococcus pneumoniae, 70.4%; haemophilus influenzae, 17.9%; staphylococcus aureus, 16.8%; streptococcus pyogenes, 12.3%; moraxella catarrhalis, 9 ...201626971180
serum cytokine biomarkers accurately predict presence of acute otitis media infection and recovery caused by haemophilus influenzae.we sought to develop an optimal model using a combination of serum biomarker pro-inflammatory and dampening inflammatory cytokine proteins to predict the presence of acute otitis media (aom) infection and recovery caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi).201626968077
intra-tracheal administration of haemophilus influenzae in mouse models to study airway inflammation.here, we describe a detailed procedure to efficiently and directly deliver haemophilus influenzae into the lower respiratory tracts of mice. we demonstrate the procedure for preparing h. influenzae inoculum, intra-tracheal instillation of h. influenzae into the lung, collection of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (balf), analysis of immune cells in the balf, and rna isolation for differential gene expression analysis. this procedure can be used to study the lung inflammatory response to any bacteri ...201626967704
pediatric invasive disease due to haemophilus influenzae serogroup a in riyadh, saudi arabia: case series.we describe the first two cases of invasive disease caused by haemophilus influenzae serotype a in saudi arabia. this is the first known reported invasive haemophilus influenzae serotype a from saudi arabia.201627249530
antibiotic resistance in pathogens causing acute otitis media in finnish children.microbiology and susceptibility of middle ear pathogens in children change over time and antibiotic resistance is increasing globally. for the clinicians it is important to be up to date about the resistance situation when considering antibiotic treatment in acute otitis media (aom). in this study we analysed the resistance profile of aom pathogens in out-patient children in finland.201627240503
impact of widespread introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal and nonpneumococcal otitis media.pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (pcvs) impact on complex otitis media (om; including recurrent, nonresponsive, and chronic om with effusion) was greater than that on simple, acute om in previous studies. since complex om is often a polymicrobial disease, we speculated that reduction of complex om by pcvs would be associated with reduction of non-pneumococcal om.201627225239
correction: transformed recombinant enrichment profiling rapidly identifies hmw1 as an intracellular invasion locus in haemophilus influenzae.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005576.].201627223887
what timing of vaccination is potentially dangerous for children younger than 2 years?vaccine-preventable diseases still occur although measured coverage rates at 2 y of age are high. the occurrence of these diseases may be explained in part by untimely, that is, late vaccination. our objective was to identify potentially dangerous vaccination delays for each dose of each vaccine in children younger than 2 y. a 3-round delphi process was conducted by e-mail. we recruited 37 french experts in vaccines for children: 16 from the infovac-france group and 21 from the french study grou ...201627215704
seasonal dynamics of bacterial meningitis: a time-series analysis.bacterial meningitis, which is caused mainly by neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pneumoniae, inflicts a substantial burden of disease worldwide. yet, the temporal dynamics of this disease are poorly characterised and many questions remain about the ecology of the disease. we aimed to comprehensively assess seasonal trends in bacterial meningitis on a global scale.201627198841
structural basis for haem piracy from host haemopexin by haemophilus influenzae.haemophilus influenzae is an obligate human commensal/pathogen that requires haem for survival and can acquire it from several host haemoproteins, including haemopexin. the haem transport system from haem-haemopexin consists of hxuc, a haem receptor, and the two-partner-secretion system hxub/hxua. hxua, which is exposed at the cell surface, is strictly required for haem acquisition from haemopexin. hxua forms complexes with haem-haemopexin, leading to haem release and its capture by hxuc. the ke ...201627188378
ige anti-haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) antibodies detected in serum of hib vaccinated asthmatic and non-asthmatic pediatric patients.haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) bacterium causes severe illness in infants and children, but has largely been eliminated by introducing a universal hib conjugate vaccine. while effects of certain vaccinations on atopic disease have been studied, little is known about the relationship between hib vaccination and diseases of altered ige regulation (asthma or atopy). as such, it is necessary to provide more evidence concerning hib vaccination as a possible risk factor for atopic disease.201627187042
ten-year study of acute otitis media in rochester, ny.this review summarizes a prospective, longitudinal 10-year study in rochester, ny, involving 760 children where virtually all clinically diagnosed acute otitis media (aom) was confirmed by bacterial culture of middle ear fluid. this review describes detection of otopathogens in middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal (np) otopathogen colonization patterns, aom risk factor analysis, biomarkers of aom and antibody responses to np colonization by otopathogens. after licensure of pcv13, there was an immedi ...201627182898
antimicrobial resistance in cystic fibrosis isolates of haemophilus influenzae. 201627181174
combined bacteria microarray and quartz crystal microbalance approach for exploring glycosignatures of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and recognition by host lectins.recognition of bacterial surface epitopes by host receptors plays an important role in the infectious process and is intimately associated with bacterial virulence. delineation of bacteria-host interactions commonly relies on the detection of binding events between purified bacteria- and host-target molecules. in this work, we describe a combined microarray and quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) approach for the analysis of carbohydrate-mediated interactions directly on the bacterial surface, thu ...201627176788
why we need a vaccine for non-typeable haemophilus influenzae.nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is increasingly recognized as emerging pathogen. the routine immunization of infants with conjugated vaccines against h. influenzae type b (hib) has greatly reduced the incidence of invasive hib disease; however a marked change in the predominant invasive serotype from hib to nthi has occurred. localized infections where the role of h. influenzae is important, such as otitis media in children and acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disea ...201627171854
a case of good's syndrome presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis.adult onset immunodeficiency associated with thymoma is a rare condition. the combination of hypogammaglobulinemia, reduced number of peripheral b and cd4+ t cells, along with thymoma constitutes good's syndrome (gs). this immunodeficiency condition is often complicated with opportunistic infection with organisms, like bacteria (haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumonia etc), viruses (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex etc), fungi and protozoa. we present an unusual case of good's syndrome wi ...201627164735
brief report: immunization of hiv-infected adults in the uk with haemophilus influenzae b/meningococcal c glycoconjugate and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines.u.k. guidelines for vaccinating hiv-infected adults against bacteria are based on limited data. we compared antibody responses between 211 hiv-infected and 73 hiv-uninfected adults vaccinated with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (ppv) and haemophilus influenzae b/meningococcal c polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid glycoconjugate vaccine (hib/menc-tt). igg responses to hib/menc-tt were not significantly different. ppv induced median iggs >1.3 μg/ml for 10/12 serotypes among hiv-uninfected participa ...201627163175
evaluation of potentially achievable vaccination coverage with simultaneous administration of vaccines among children in the united states.routine administration of all age-appropriate doses of vaccines during the same visit is recommended for children by the national vaccine advisory committee (nvac) and the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip).201627160040
non-type b haemophilus influenzae septic arthritis in children.invasive disease caused by non-type b haemophilus influenzae serotypes has been increasingly reported. although to date it has been a rarely described cause of septic arthritis, we present 10 cases of non-type b h influenzae septic arthritis in children seen in a tertiary care center that serves a large native american population.201627150112
effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the natural antibodies and antibody responses against protein antigens from streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in children with community-acquired pneumonia.streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are common causative agents of respiratory infections. pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been introduced recently, but their effect on the natural immunity against protein antigens from these pathogens has not been elucidated.201626954601
crystal structure of a complex of surfactant protein d (sp-d) and haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide reveals shielding of core structures in sp-d-resistant strains.the carbohydrate recognition domains (crds) of lung collectin surfactant protein d (sp-d) recognize sugar patterns on the surface of lung pathogens and promote phagocytosis. using haemophilus influenzae eagan strains expressing well-characterized lipopolysaccharide (lps) surface structures of various levels of complexity, we show that bacterial recognition and binding by sp-d is inversely related to lps chain extent and complexity. the crystal structure of a biologically active recombinant trime ...201626953329
clarithromycin resistance mechanisms of epidemic β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae strains in japan.the aim of this study was to clarify the clarithromycin resistance mechanisms of β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae strains. in all clarithromycin-resistant strains, the transcript level of acrb was significantly elevated, and these strains had a frameshift mutation in acrr introduction of the acrr mutation into h. influenzae rd generated a clarithromycin-resistant transformant with the same mic as the donor strain. our results indicate that the acrr mutation co ...201626953210
haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation in chronic otitis media with effusion.otitis media with effusion (ome) is a highly prevalent disease in children, but the exact pathogenesis and role of bacteria are still not well understood. this study aimed to investigate the presence of otopathogenic bacteria in the middle ear effusion (mee) and adenoid of children with chronic ome (come), and to investigate in vivo whether these bacteria, especially haemophilus influenzae, are organized as a biofilm in the middle ear fluid. mee and adenoid samples were collected from 21 patient ...201626946303
community-acquired haemophilus influenzae pneumonia--new insights from the capnetz study.we aimed to identify clinical characteristics and to assess effectiveness of different initial antibiotic regimens in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) caused by haemophilus influenzae.201626940505
the muc1 mucin specifically inhibits activation of the nlrp3 inflammasome.muc1 is a cell membrane-associated mucin, expressed ubiquitously on the mucosal epithelia as well as by immune cells, that limits the inflammatory response to multiple pathogens. we have recently shown that muc1 controls inflammation resulting from helicobacter pylori infection by suppressing interleukin-1β (il-1β) produced via the nlrp3 inflammasome. here, we demonstrate that muc1 also regulates il-1β secretion induced by the nlrp3-activating bacteria haemophilus influenzae but not bacteria tha ...201626938663
immunization coverage surveys and linked biomarker serosurveys in three regions in ethiopia.demographic and health surveys, immunization coverage surveys and administrative data often divergently estimate vaccination coverage, which hinders pinpointing districts where immunization services require strengthening. we assayed vaccination coverage in three regions in ethiopia by coverage surveys and linked serosurveys.201626934372
[vaccination for international travelers].traveler's vaccination is one of the key strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases during international travel. the risk of acquiring an infectious disease is determined in each case by the characteristics of the traveler and the travel, so the pre-departure medical advice of the traveler must be individualized. the world health organization classifies travelerś vaccines into three groups. - vaccines for routine use in national immunization programs: haemophilus influenzae type b, hep ...201626920587
sex-dependent immune responses to infant vaccination: an individual participant data meta-analysis of antibody and memory b cells.biological sex can be an important source of variation in infection and immunity and sex-dependent differences in immune response to vaccination have been reported in some studies.201626920472
prevalence, codetection and seasonal distribution of upper airway viruses and bacteria in children with acute respiratory illnesses with cough as a symptom.most studies exploring the role of upper airway viruses and bacteria in paediatric acute respiratory infections (ari) focus on specific clinical diagnoses and/or do not account for virus-bacteria interactions. we aimed to describe the frequency and predictors of virus and bacteria codetection in children with ari and cough, irrespective of clinical diagnosis. bilateral nasal swabs, demographic, clinical and risk factor data were collected at enrollment in children aged <15 years presenting to an ...201626916343
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