Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| pseudorabies virus immediate-early gene overlaps with an oppositely oriented open reading frame: characterization of their promoter and enhancer regions. | the immediate-early (ie) gene of pseudorabies virus (prv) has recently been sequenced for two virus strains. to investigate ie gene regulation and to examine the genome segment reported to encode latency-related transcripts in opposite polarity to the ie gene, sequence analysis has been extended by 5 kb from each end of the ie gene. the ie promoter (p1) was found to be more complex than previously recognized: it consisted of nine imperfect repeats, each containing five to six different consensus ... | 1990 | 2171211 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the equine herpesvirus 4 gc gene homologue. | the genomic position of an equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4) gene homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) gc gene was determined by southern analysis and dna sequencing. the gene lies within a 2-kbp bg/ii-ecori fragment mapping between 0.15 and 0.17 within the long unique component of the ehv-4 genome and is transcribed from right to left. putative promoter elements were identified upstream of the 1455-bp open reading frame which encodes a 485-amino-acid protein of unglycosylated molecular we ... | 1990 | 2171212 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 mutants for the origin-binding protein induce dna amplification in the absence of viral replication. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) induces dna amplification within the host cell genome, which is mediated by a set of six of seven hsv replication genes. the origin-binding protein (ul9) is dispensible. by the use of hsv mutants for the ul9 gene we show here that hsv can induce dna amplification in the absence of lytic viral growth in contrast to replication-negative mutants for either the ul8 or ul52 gene used as control. the amplification-inducing potential of hsv may be relevant for the pathogenici ... | 1990 | 2171219 |
| different effects of ifn gamma and ifn alpha/beta on "immediate early" gene expression of hsv-1. | the effects of interferon gamma (ifn gamma) on early steps of herpes simplex virus (type 1; hsv-1) replication in primary cultures of splenic mouse macrophages were analyzed and compared to ifn alpha/beta. pretreatment of macrophages with recombinant murine ifn gamma led to a dose-dependent reduction in the yield of progeny virus. inhibition of protein synthesis was observed for hsv-1 alpha, beta and gamma-proteins. expression of the "immediate early" (ie) gene ie3 (icp4) was investigated in det ... | 1990 | 2171221 |
| [in vitro sensitivity to antiviral agents of herpes simplex viruses isolated from patients with herpetic keratitis]. | thirty-five clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) from 34 patients (35 eyes) with herpetic keratitis were examined in vitro for 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (idu) and acyclovir (acv) sensitivity. in addition, the effect of clinical treatment with these two drugs in herpetic keratitis was also investigated. the viral effective dose50 (ed50) was defined as the concentration that inhibited the plaque count by 50% compared to the count of the no drug controls. the viral ed50 of idu rang ... | 1990 | 2171305 |
| suppression of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation from latency by (+-)-9-([(z)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl) guanine (l-653,180) in vitro. | latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection was induced in human embryonic lung cells in vitro by using a combination of viral replication inhibitors and elevated temperature. under reactivating conditions (superinfection by human cytomegalovirus or temperature manipulation), a nonantiviral thymidine kinase inhibitor (l-653,180) was found to suppress or delay reactivation of hsv-1 from latently infected human embryonic lung cells. l-653,180 alone or in combination with interferon was in ... | 1990 | 2171423 |
| importance of the hpai-p sequence for herpes simplex virus-1 replication in the adrenal glands. | the ability of several strains and recombinants of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) to proliferate in the adrenal glands and to invade the spinal cord was studied. after intraperitoneal infection, pathogenic hsv-1 strains replicated in the adrenal glands, penetrated the spinal cord and migrated to the brain. the nonpathogenic strain hfem could not replicate in the adrenal glands, but the recombinant virus mlc1 was able to do so after rescue by reinsertion of the hpai-p sequence into the bamhi frag ... | 1990 | 2171454 |
| characterization of glycoprotein c-negative mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 isolated from a patient with keratitis. | recently three strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), which did not react with micro trak herpes (syva co.), were isolated by us from a patient with recurrent herpetic keratitis. in this study we characterized these strains of hsv-1 and found them to be hsv-1 gc- mutants which are very rare isolates from humans. the properties of the hsv-1 strains regarding plaque morphology on vero cells and chick embryo fibroblasts and viral dna analysis were the same as those of the usual hsv-1 strai ... | 1990 | 2171456 |
| phosphorylation of the carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine in cells infected with herpes viruses. | the carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine [(+-)-2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(1 alpha,3 beta,4 alpha)-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]-6h-purine-6-one] (2'-cdg) is highly active in cell culture against strains s148 and e377 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), both of which code for thymidine kinase, and much less active against strain bw10168 which is deficient in this enzyme activity. antiviral activity is associated primarily with the d-enantiomer; the l-enantiomer has much lower but si ... | 1990 | 2171531 |
| herpes simplex virus genes controlling reactivation from latency in rabbit eye model. | using the rabbit eye model of latency, herpes simplex virus type 1 strain mckrae invariably reactivated after epinephrine iontophoresis, whereas type 2(hsv-2) virus strain hg 52 failed to reactivate. both strains established a latent infection with the same frequency. to identify the viral genes involved in this reactivation difference, intertypic recombinants were selected following cotransfection of intact mckrae dna and xba i or hpa i cleaved hg52 dna. eleven separately obtained recombinants ... | 1990 | 2172160 |
| use of polymerase chain reaction for successful identification of asymptomatic genital infection with herpes simplex virus in pregnant women at delivery. | the polymerase chain reaction was adapted to the amplification of a herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna sequence, common to hsv types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2). the amplified product was detectable by ethidium-bromide staining or southern hybridization of gels and by dot hybridization. the hsv polymerase chain reaction detected hsv dna in samples obtained from eight patients with genital lesions from which hsv-2 was isolated in tissue culture and from four patients with labial lesions from which hsv-1 w ... | 1990 | 2172392 |
| sequential enrichment and immunocytochemical visualization of human interferon-alpha-producing cells. | human hla-dr+ peripheral mononuclear cells (pbmc) produce interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or hsv-1-infected fibroblasts (hsv-fs). we have developed a protocol, based partly on a technique known to enrich for dendritic cells, that allows for a greater than 125-fold enrichment of these ifn-alpha-producing cells. nylon wood nonadherent pbmc (nwna) were fractionated on a 48% percoll gradient into low-density (ld) and high-density (hd) populations. the ... | 1990 | 2172409 |
| evolutionary relationships of virion glycoprotein genes in the s regions of alphaherpesvirus genomes. | the short region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a contiguous array of five genes (us4, us5, us6, us7 and us8) which encode known or proposed virion-surface glycoprotein species. counterparts for certain of these have been described in the genomes of other alphaherpesviruses, namely herpes simplex virus type 2, pseudorabies virus and varicella-zoster virus. within each of the us4-, us6- and us7-related sets, the amino acid sequences are most conserved in a region containing ... | 1990 | 2172448 |
| a single amino acid substitution in the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase which prevents subunit association. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant ts1207 does not induce detectable levels of ribonucleotide reductase activity at the non-permissive temperature (npt, 39.5 degrees c). the ts lesion prevents the association of the enzyme's large (rr1) and small (rr2) subunits to give an active holoenzyme and maps within the gene specifying rr1. here, it is shown that the ts mutant phenotype is due to the substitution of an asparagine for the wild-type (wt) serine at rr1 position ... | 1990 | 2172449 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 ul28 gene product is important for the formation of mature capsids. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 temperature-sensitive (ts) dna-positive mutant ts1203 has been characterized. the ts lesion in ts1203 was located by marker rescue within the coding region of gene ul28. nuclei of cells infected with ts1203 at the non-permissive temperature (npt) contained large numbers of capsids with a uniform morphology. these capsids lacked dna but had a defined internal structure. no full capsids were detected at the npt, suggesting that ts1203 was unable to package viral dna ... | 1990 | 2172450 |
| murine cytotoxic t lymphocytes specific for herpes simplex virus type 1 recognize the immediate early protein icp4 but not icp0. | vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genes encoding icp0 or icp4 were used to identify the precise target antigen(s) of murine anti-viral cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) specific for the non-structural immediate early proteins. these studies revealed that hsv-1-specific ctl, restricted to class i major histocompatibility complex genes of the h-2k haplotype but not the h-2d or h-2b haplotypes, would lyse autologous cells expressing icp4. hsv-1-specific ctl ... | 1990 | 2172452 |
| the structure of the pseudorabies virus genome at the end of the inverted repeat sequences proximal to the junction with the short unique region. | the complete nucleotide sequence is presented of the 2 x 67 kbp bamhi-ecorv portion of the bamhi 10 fragment of the pseudorabies virus (prv) genome (strain ka) containing sequences upstream of the previously reported protein kinase gene, and completing the sequence of this 4008 bp fragment. it is predicted to contain a gene designated rsp40, homologous to gene us1 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), with the potential to encode a protein of 364 amino acids. analysis of prv mrna synthesized i ... | 1990 | 2172457 |
| antibodies to viral antigens, xenoantigens, and autoantigens in alzheimer's disease. | sera from 19 patients with alzheimer's disease (ad) and 21 control subjects were studied by immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassay for antibody activity against various viruses and 12 self- and non-self-antigens. total igg mean level was significantly higher in the ad group; the igg level was above 15 g/l in 52.8% of ad patients versus 14.3% of control subjects. antiviral antibody titers showed no significant differences except for antibodies to herpes simplex virus-1, which were increased in ... | 1990 | 2172499 |
| survival of herpes simplex virus type 1 on some frequently touched objects in the home and public buildings. | the survival of herpes simplex virus type 1 in tissue culture fluid on doorknobs and washbasin tap handles over a 2 h period was investigated. the doorknobs were made of plastic and the taps had a chrome-plated surface. the stock virus suspension had a titre of 10(7.5) tcid50/0.1 ml, and a 0.01 ml droplet was placed on the objects. the droplets dried out after 35-40 min at room temperature (23-27 degrees c). the titre of infectious virus recovered by elution from the objects was determined at 0, ... | 1990 | 2172749 |
| adeno-associated virus dna replication is induced by genes that are essential for hsv-1 dna synthesis. | adeno-associated virus (aav) dna replication is not detectable unless cells are coinfected with a helper adenovirus (ad) or herpesvirus or unless aav infection is carried out in certain established cell lines that have been treated with various metabolic inhibitors or uv irradiation. in helper-dependent infections, it has been shown that aav dna synthesis depends on one or more early ad genes, whereas little is known concerning any herpesvirus gene that promotes aav dna synthesis. in this study ... | 1990 | 2173256 |
| comparative study of herpes simplex virus receptor expression on human lymphoid cells. | lymphocytes represent key cells of the immune system and play an important role against viral infections. however, the expression and quantification of virus receptors on lymphoid cells have, in most cases, not been studied. we report here a study of the expression of herpes simplex virus (hsv) receptors by different human lymphoid cell types. using flow cytometry and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated hsv1 (f-hsv1) we analyzed virus binding to fresh and mitogen-stimulated b and t lymphocytes ... | 1990 | 2173267 |
| [an immunoperoxidase study of early phase experimental retinitis induced by herpes simplex virus]. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was intravitreally inoculated in domesticated rabbits, and retinitis was observed with the abc-method using peroxidase-conjugated antibody. trypsin digestion was used for antigen visualization. three days after inoculation, although cell degeneration was not found in the retina, dab was deposited on the inner limiting membrane and the nerve fiber layer, which corresponded to the basal side of müller cells. these findings indicated that viral antigen was alread ... | 1990 | 2173379 |
| [herpes simplex virus latency in the cornea]. | we tried to identify herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency in the cornea obtained at the time of penetrating keratoplasty from patients with herpetic stromal keratitis in the non-active (subsided) stage. the subject consisted of 8 patients (3 males and 5 females; average age 42.3 years) who were diagnosed as having herpetic stromal keratitis and underwent penetrating keratoplasty during a period without active lesions (subsided stage) between august, 1984 and july, 1988. no infective virus ... | 1990 | 2173380 |
| reactivity of human sera with overlapping synthetic peptides of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d. | thirty eight human sera, seropositive for herpes simplex virus (hsv) and 56 human sera, seronegative for hsv by immunofluorescence and by elisa, were investigated for reactivity with a series of overlapping synthetic peptides of hsv type 1 glycoprotein d (gd-1). thirty four out of the 38 human sera positive for hsv reacted with peptides located between residues 300 and 369; the hsv-negative sera reacted with six of the gd-1 peptides, but with none of the peptides within residues 300 to 369. | 1990 | 2173527 |
| purification of the structural proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. | herpes simplex virus type-1 structural proteins were solubilized in formic acid and purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. purified proteins have been used to prepare monospecific polyclonal antibodies which neutralized virus infectivity in vitro. | 1990 | 2173528 |
| mixed infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 generates recombinants with increased ocular and neurovirulence. | the authors used the method of mixed ocular infection and subsequent in vivo selection to isolate herpes simplex virus type 1 intratypic recombinants with increased ocular virulence and neurovirulence. four recombinants were studied in some detail (drg1a3, drg2a2, drg3a3, and drg4a1). the recombinants had lethal doses in 50% of animals tested (ld50) at least 2-3 log units lower than either parent virus (od4 and cj394) and caused significantly more severe stromal keratitis, vascularization of the ... | 1990 | 2173682 |
| viral isolation and systemic immune responses after intracameral inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in igh-1-disparate congenic murine strains. | igh-1-disparate congenic murine strains differ in their susceptibility to develop contralateral chorioretinitis after intracameral (ac) inoculation with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1): 75% of balb/cbyj (igh-1a) and 5% of c.b-17 (igh-1b) develop necrotizing chorioretinitis. to determine the mechanism of influence of host genetics on development of contralateral chorioretinitis, the authors did viral isolation studies in contralateral eyes, determined in vivo and in vitro t-cell responses, an ... | 1990 | 2173686 |
| mechanisms of inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 2 growth by 28-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxycytidine. | the 28-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxycytidine (s-(dc)28) has been reported previously to be a strong inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) dna polymerase and hsv-2 growth in cell culture. in this study, the mechanism of action of s-(dc)28 was studied. s-(dc)28 was found to interfere with the adsorption of hsv-1 and hsv-2 to hela cells. hsv-2 infection, but not hsv-1, was found to potentiate the uptake of s-(dc)28 into hela cells. the enhanced uptake reached a plateau at 6-9 h postinf ... | 1990 | 2173699 |
| adenovirus infection in patients with kawasaki disease. | two outbreaks of kawasaki disease at different times and areas (kyoto in 1982 and sapporo in 1985) of japan were studied retrospectively for the presence of antibodies to adenoviruses and herpesviruses. only 2 of 12 (16.7%) consecutive acute phase sera of patients from the outbreak in 1982 and 1 of 10 (10.0%) sera from 1985 showed positive antibodies for the common adenovirus antigen by a complement fixation (cf) test, whereas 10 of 16 (62.5%) age- and sex-matched controls during the outbreak of ... | 1990 | 2173738 |
| herpes simplex virus particles are unable to traverse the secretory pathway in the mouse l-cell mutant gro29. | the mouse l-cell mutant gro29 was selected for its ability to survive infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and is defective in the propagation of hsv-1 and vesicular stomatitis virus (f. tufaro, m. d. snider, and s. l. mcknight, j. cell biol. 105:647-657, 1987). in this report, we show that gro29 cells harbor a lesion that inhibits the egress of hsv-1 virions during infection. we also found that hsv-1 glycoprotein d was slow to traverse the secretory pathway en route to the plasma me ... | 1990 | 2173764 |
| localization of the herpes simplex virus type 1 65-kilodalton dna-binding protein and dna polymerase in the presence and absence of viral dna synthesis. | using indirect immunofluorescence, well-characterized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1, we demonstrated that the 65-kilodalton dna-binding protein (65kdbp), the major dna-binding protein (infected cell polypeptide 8 [icp8]), and the viral dna polymerase (pol) colocalize to replication compartments in the nuclei of infected cells under conditions which permit viral dna synthesis. when viral dna synthesis was blocked by inc ... | 1990 | 2173766 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul42 gene product: a subunit of dna polymerase that functions to increase processivity. | genetic experiments have shown that the products of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna polymerase (ul30) and ul42 genes are both required for viral dna replication, and a number of studies have suggested that these two proteins specifically interact. we have confirmed and extended these findings. the viral dna polymerase from hsv-1-infected cells has been purified as a complex containing equimolar quantities of the ul30 (pol, the catalytic subunit) and ul42 polypeptides. sedimentation a ... | 1990 | 2173776 |
| glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus encodes a domain which precludes penetration of cells expressing the glycoprotein by superinfecting herpes simplex virus. | earlier studies have shown that herpes simplex viruses adsorb to but do not penetrate permissive baby hamster kidney clonal cell lines designated the bj series and constitutively expressing the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein d (gd). to investigate the mechanism of the restriction, the following steps were done. first, wild-type hsv-1 strain f [hsv-1(f)] virus was passaged blindly serially on clonal line bj-1 and mutant viruses [hsv-1(f)u] capable of penetration were selected. the dn ... | 1990 | 2173780 |
| identification and characterization of the herpes simplex virus type 1 protein encoded by the ul37 open reading frame. | the ul37 open reading frame of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna genome is located between map units 0.527 and 0.552. we have identified and characterized the ul37 protein product in hsv-1-infected cells. the presence of the ul37 protein was detected by using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum directed against an in vitro-translated product derived from an in vitro-transcribed ul37 mrna. the ul37 open reading frame encodes for a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 120 kda in hsv-1-in ... | 1990 | 2173782 |
| mapping of herpes simplex virus-1 neurovirulence to gamma 134.5, a gene nonessential for growth in culture. | the gene designated gamma 134.5 maps in the inverted repeats flanking the long unique sequence of herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) dna, and therefore it is present in two copies per genome. this gene is not essential for viral growth in cell culture. four recombinant viruses were genetically engineered to test the function of this gene. these were (i) a virus from which both copies of the gene were deleted, (ii) a virus containing a stop codon in both copies of the gene, (iii) a virus containing a ... | 1990 | 2173860 |
| an efficient deletion mutant packaging system for defective herpes simplex virus vectors: potential applications to human gene therapy and neuronal physiology. | we have previously described a defective herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) vector system that permits the introduction of virtually any gene into nonmitotic cells. phsvlac, the prototype vector, stably expresses escherichia coli beta-galactosidase from a constitutive promoter in many human cell lines, in cultured rat neurons from throughout the nervous system, and in cells in the adult rat brain. hsv-1 vectors expressing other genes may prove useful for studying neuronal physiology or performing huma ... | 1990 | 2174168 |
| mediation of virion penetration into vascular cells by association of basic fibroblast growth factor with herpes simplex virus type 1. | herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) is a ubiquitous pathogen that is associated with considerable morbidity in the general population. although it is known that the virion uses a basic fibroblast growth factor (fgf) receptor to penetrate vascular cells, it is not known how the viral particle recognizes and binds to this cell surface protein. here we report that an immunoreactive basic fgf-like protein is associated with the viral particle and that this association appears responsible for viral u ... | 1990 | 2174511 |
| amplification by host cell factors of a sequence contained within the herpes simplex virus 1 genome. | we report that a cloned 1620-base-pair (bp) dna fragment mapping in the bamhi o fragment of herpes simplex virus 1 dna is amplified after transfection into uninfected cells. the dna fragment maps entirely within a portion of the open reading frame encoding the large subunit of the viral ribonucleotide reductase and does not contain any of the known lytic origins of viral dna synthesis. amplification of this sequence in transfected cells results in accumulation of full-sized dpn i-resistant plasm ... | 1990 | 2174562 |
| herpes simplex virus type-1 immediate-early gene expression and shut off of host protein synthesis are inhibited in neomycin-treated human epidermoid carcinoma 2 cells. | infection of human epidermoid carcinoma-2 (hep-2) cells by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) leads to significant activation of inositol phospholipid turnover after 15 min. the effect of neomycin, an inhibitor of inositol phospholipid turnover, has been investigated for its effect on hsv-1 multiplication in hep-2 cells. hsv-1 multiplication is inhibited by neomycin. this inhibition is not due to a block of virus adsorption or penetration. neomycin inhibits the expression of virus immediate-ear ... | 1990 | 2174777 |
| herpes simplex virus type-1-induced stimulation of ribosomal protein s6 phosphorylation is inhibited in neomycin-treated human epidermoid carcinoma 2 cells and in ras-transformed cells. | neomycin, an inhibitor of inositol phospholipid turnover, prevents herpes-simplex-virus-type-1 (hsv-1)-induced stimulation of ribosomal protein s6 phosphorylation, but does not impair the s6 phosphorylation induced by serum. long-term treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which down-regulates protein kinase c activity, does not inhibit virus-induced s6 phosphorylation. in ras-transformed cells, s6 phosphorylation is not stimulated after hsv-1 infection. these results suggest that activ ... | 1990 | 2174778 |
| a herpes simplex virus type 1 recombinant with both copies of the vmw175 coding sequences replaced by the homologous varicella-zoster virus open reading frame. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gene 62 encodes a protein with a predicted mr of 140,000 (vzv 140k) that shares considerable amino acid homology with the immediate early (ie) regulatory protein vmw175 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and is believed to be its functional equivalent. we have tested this hypothesis by insertion of vzv gene 62 (expressed from the hsv-1 ie3 promoter) into both ie3 gene loci in the short region repeats of the hsv-1 genome. the parent virus used for this manipulatio ... | 1990 | 2174959 |
| role of coexpression of il-2 and herpes simplex virus proteins in recombinant vaccinia virus vectors on levels of induced immunity. | vaccinia virus recombinants co-expressing the genes for il-2 and hsv-1 gc or gd were used to study the potential adjuvant effects of il-2 on immunity to hsv-1. in addition, constructs were produced which, while expressing il-2, encoded for reduced levels of hsv-1 gc. studies with mice revealed that gc and gd could stimulate hsv-1 immunity as measured by neutralizing antibody (na), lymphoproliferation and viral clearance. il-2 enhancement of na and lymphoproliferation was observed only in those g ... | 1990 | 2175194 |
| transneuronal spread of intraperitoneally administered herpes simplex virus type 1 from the abdomen via the vagus nerve to the brains of mice. | the macintyre strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 was inoculated intraperitoneally into young male mice. immunohistochemical detection of the virus antigen demonstrated the passage of virus from the gastro-intestinal myenteric plexus towards the brain and its distribution within the areas of brain related to the principal nuclei of the vagus nerve. selective trapping of the virus in the autonomic nerves and subsequent localization of antigen behind the blood-brain barrier may prevent therapeut ... | 1990 | 2175319 |
| arabinofuranosylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potential agents for human cytomegalovirus infections. | protection of the 3'- and 5'-hydroxyl groups of the nucleoside antibiotic toyocamycin (1) with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane was followed by (trifluoromethyl)sulfonylation of the 2'-hydroxyl group. a displacement of the resulting triflate ester moiety with lithium chloride, lithium bromide, sodium iodide, and lithium azide in hexamethylphosphoramide was followed by a removal of the disilyl moiety with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride to afford the appropriate (2'-deoxy-2'-substitut ... | 1990 | 2175356 |
| neurovirulence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 isolates in diseases of the central nervous system. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) isolates derived from the central nervous system of ten patients with hsv-1-induced encephalitis, one patient with multiple sclerosis, and 14 patients with hsv-2-induced meningitis were investigated for neurovirulence by assaying the ld50 after nose and intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of mice. hsv-1 encephalitis strains were significantly more virulent after nose inoculation (i.e. neuroinvasive) when compared with hsv-1 isolates from patients with oral lesions only, w ... | 1990 | 2175706 |
| sero-epidemiological and -sociological patterns of herpes simplex virus infection in the world. | a newly developed herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and type 2 enzyme immunoassay has been applied to over 40,000 sera from different populations in the us and 17 other countries on all 5 continents. the hsv-1 antibody patterns found permit the current and past socioeconomic status, as well as the extent of oral-genital sexual contact, to be deduced for various populations. the hsv-2 antibody results provide an objective measure of various aspects of sexual behavior: extent of polypartnerism in ... | 1990 | 2175939 |
| use of the pbs2 uracil-dna glycosylase inhibitor to differentiate the uracil-dna glycosylase activities encoded by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | the bacteriophage pbs2 encoded uracil-dna glycosylase (ung) inhibitor was examined for its effect upon the nuclear ung activities of kb, hela, and vero cells infected with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 or 2 and mock-infected cells. ung activity from hsv-1 infected cells exhibited the greatest sensitivity to inhibition by the inhibitor, while ung activity from cells infected with hsv-2 exhibited the greatest resistance. this differential effect was dependent upon the virus, cell line, and buf ... | 1990 | 2176221 |
| reduction of hsv-1 binding to bhk cells after treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | baby-hamster kidney cells were treated with unspecific and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) prior to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. subsequent to pi-plc treatment, a 30% reduction of infectivity and receptor binding was observed for type 1 virus, while type 2 was unaffected. treating the cells with unspecific phospholipase c did not affect subsequent infection with either virus. treatment of the virus particles with the unspecific phospholipase reduced its ... | 1990 | 2176619 |
| interleukin-3 protects mice from acute herpes simplex virus infection. | evidence presented here from kinetic studies of interleukin-3 (il-3) production by spleen cells from adult mice infected subcutaneously with hsv-1 and stimulated with virus antigen in vitro shows that high levels of il-3 were produced at the onset of the animal's recovery from the disease state. injections of anti-il-3 antibody into hsv-1-infected mice resulted in exacerbation of the disease. primary mouse embryonic head cells grown in the presence of murine il-3, when infected with hsv-1, showe ... | 1990 | 2176641 |
| insertion of dna sequences at a unique restriction enzyme site engineered for vector purposes into the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. | we describe the construction of a novel herpes simplex virus (hsv) vector containing a unique xbai restriction enzyme cloning site in an intergenic position in the short unique genome region. sequences can be inserted at this site with high efficiency by ligation with xbai-digested vector dna. a series of plasmids has been designed for use with this vector. these allow protein coding sequences to be placed under the control of various transcriptional regulation signals and then isolated as xbai ... | 1990 | 2177085 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 alkaline nuclease is not essential for viral dna synthesis: isolation and characterization of a lacz insertion mutant. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes a novel enzyme activity, the alkaline nuclease, whose precise role in the viral replication cycle remains obscure. the alkaline nuclease gene corresponds to the ul12 open reading frame, which is predicted to encode a protein of 626 amino acid residues. we describe the isolation and characterization of a null mutant of the gene for the viral alkaline nuclease in which 917 bp from the n-terminal half of the gene (corresponding to residues 70 to 375) were ... | 1990 | 2177086 |
| identification and characterization of the virion protein products of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene ul47. | we have identified two encoded proteins with an antiserum raised against a synthetic oligopeptide corresponding to amino acids 671 to 684 of the predicted protein product of gene ul47 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). they have apparent mrs of 82,000 and 81,000 and are both major virion components located in the tegument. the 82/81k proteins were first detected in infected cells in minor amounts 6 h after infection at 37 degrees c but were later (from 10 h until 24 h after infection) prese ... | 1990 | 2177087 |
| inactivation of the shutoff gene (ul41) of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | gene ul41 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and the corresponding gene of hsv-2, which control the virion-mediated early suppression of cellular protein synthesis, have been inactivated by inserting a beta-galactosidase expression cassette into their coding regions. the resulting recombinants grew well in tissue culture, although with the type 2 recombinant viral protein synthesis was slightly delayed. as a result of inactivation of ul41 host protein synthesis was not suppressed in the pres ... | 1990 | 2177088 |
| equine herpesvirus type 1 unique short fragment encodes glycoproteins with homology to herpes simplex virus type 1 gd, gi and ge. | the nucleotide sequence of a 6.4 kbp portion of the 10.6 kbp bamhi fragment d contained in the unique short region of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) genome has been determined. analysis of this sequence revealed five open reading frames (orfs), four complete and one incomplete, which were encoded by the same sense strand. comparison of the ehv-1 dna sequence with that encoding glycoproteins of other alphaherpesviruses has revealed no significant homologies. comparison at the amino acid le ... | 1990 | 2177089 |
| the product of varicella-zoster virus gene 62 autoregulates its own promoter. | varicella-zoster (vzv) gene 62 encodes a protein with a predicted mr of 140,000 (140k) which has considerable amino acid identity with the major immediate early (ie) protein vmw175 (icp4) of herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1). vmw175 is an essential virus polypeptide with a pivotal role in the activation of early and late viral gene expression and also in the repression of ie gene expression. the vzv 140k protein has been shown to function as a strong transcriptional activator in transfection a ... | 1990 | 2177091 |
| regulation of herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene promoters in mouse neuroblastoma cells. | the non-permissivity of c1300 mouse neuroblastoma cells for herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is due to a failure of such cells to transcribe the immediate-early (ie) genes following viral infection. we have transfected both c1300 cells and permissive cells with constructs in which each of the 5 ie promoters drives expression of the readily assayable chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene. these experiments show that the lack of ie gene transcription in c1300 cells is due to the weak a ... | 1990 | 2177173 |
| properties of a 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea)-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 virus mutant. | after repeated passages of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) kos virus in the presence of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) a mutant denoted pmear hsv-1 was isolated which grew well in the presence of 50-100 micrograms.ml-1 of the drug. pmear hsv-1 was still sensitive to the related phosphonate analogue (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (hpmpa). in fact, it was more susceptible to the action of hpmpa than the original virus. pmear hsv-1 also retained sensitivity to 5-bromo- ... | 1990 | 2177316 |
| antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of hoe 602, an acyclic nucleoside, in animal models. | the acyclic nucleoside derivative hoe 602 (2-amino-9-[1,3-bis(isopropoxy)-2-propoxymethyl]purine) was evaluated for its antiviral activity in cell culture and for its therapeutic efficacy in mice infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) or with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). hoe 602 was inactive in vitro against a variety of dna- and rna-viruses. however it prevented symptoms and mortality in mice systemically infected with hsv-1, hsv-2 or mcmv when administered intra ... | 1990 | 2177317 |
| tromantadine inhibits a late step in herpes simplex virus type 1 replication and syncytium formation. | addition of tromantadine after virus penetration inhibited hsv-1 induced syncytium formation and virus production in hep-2 and vero cells and acted additively with neutralizing antibody in blocking virus spread and cytopathology. inhibition of syncytium formation in vero cells infected with 0.01 pfu/cell of hsv-1 gc+ was observed at a concentration greater than 25 micrograms/ml. the extent of inhibition was dependent upon the multiplicity of infection and cell type. tromantadine inhibited a late ... | 1990 | 2177318 |
| comparison of antiviral efficacies of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-e-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (brovavir) and acyclovir against herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in mice. | 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-e-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (brovavir) and acyclovir were compared for their antiviral effects against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) model infections in mice. both drugs were not toxic to mice when they were administered orally by the same schedule used for therapeutic experiments. brovavir was less toxic than acyclovir when injected by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. marked efficacies of brovavir by either oral or i.p. administration were demonstrated in both expe ... | 1990 | 2177319 |
| pathogenesis of corneal oedema associated with herpetic eye disease. | corneal oedema and stromal disease, induced in rabbits by intrastromal injection of herpes simplex virus, type 1, strain re (hsv-1, re), reached a peak of 12-15 days after infection. corneal oedema as measured by ultrasonic pachymetry, and stromal disease as measured by a subjective scoring system, were closely related for 30 days after infection. morphometric analysis of wide field specular micrographs showed that no immediate endothelial cell damage occurred in either control or hsv-1 infected ... | 1990 | 2177353 |
| vanadate promotes reactivation and iontophoresis-induced ocular shedding of latent hsv-1 w in different host animals. | vanadate is a potent inhibitor of calcium stimulated atpase, na, k-atpase, and may have adrenergic activity. using the iontophoresis method, we compared vanadate to a bss control and the standard iontophoresis model (6-hydroxydopamine/epinephrine) by measuring induced ocular shedding of latent hsv-1 in different host animals. latent trigeminal ganglionic infections were established in balb/c mice and new zealand rabbits following corneal inoculation with hsv-1 [w] strain, and later confirmed by ... | 1990 | 2177389 |
| [encephalo-myelo-radiculitis with high hsv-1 antibody index of csf]. | a rare case of encephalo-myelo- radiculitis with high herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) antibody index of csf was reported. the case was a 43-year-old male. double vision, cerebellar ataxia, th4-12 truncal segmental total sensory disturbance and urinary retention were found, but those symptoms disappeared after 3 weeks of administration of acyclovir and prednisolone. because the hsv-1 antibody index of the csf increased significantly, the patient's disease was summarised to have been due to hs ... | 1990 | 2177692 |
| experimental keratitis in rabbits by human hsv-1 variants: prevention and treatment. | the efficacy of different therapies and vaccine preparations was assessed for treating or preventing herpetic ocular keratitis induced by experimental inoculation in rabbits with two hsv-1 variants that display different pathogenetic potential. early administration of acyclovir (acv) promoted fast healing and prevented neurologic involvements: alpha-interferon (alpha-ifn) was less efficient than acv; combined therapy with both drugs increased the antiviral effects. in an attempt to prevent the d ... | 1990 | 2177779 |
| transfer and expression of the lacz gene in rat brain neurons mediated by herpes simplex virus mutants. | three mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were used to deliver and express the escherichia coli lacz gene in cells of the rat central nervous system. because the lacz gene was inserted in place of the genes encoding one of the immediate-early viral proteins icp0 or icp4 or the early viral protein thymidine kinase, these mutants were compromised or defective in their ability to replicate. all mutant vectors exhibited reduced pathogenesis in animals as compared to the wild type hsv-1 st ... | 1990 | 2178004 |
| double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein vaccine in persons at high risk for genital herpes infection. | to determine the efficacy of a herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein subunit vaccine, vaccine (50 micrograms) or placebo was administered intramuscularly at weeks 0, 4, and 22 to 161 persons who lacked hsv-2 antibodies and were sex partners of persons with recurrent genital herpes. the annual rate of acquisition of hsv infection was similar among vaccine and placebo recipients (10.7% and 8%, respectively) but was higher in initially seronegative subjects (15.5%) than in those with hsv ... | 1990 | 2181031 |
| proinflammatory and procoagulant effects of herpes simplex infection on human endothelium. | atherosclerotic lesions have been reported to contain herpes simplex virus (hsv) genomic material. this and other evidence suggests that latent viral infection may be an atherogenic trigger. moreover, active hsv lesions manifest histologically marked fibrin deposition in microvessels. our laboratory tested in vitro whether hsv infection would cause human umbilical vein endothelial cells to become procoagulant and attract inflammatory cells. early infection of human endothelial cells with hsv-1 a ... | 1990 | 2190648 |
| functional interaction between the herpes simplex-1 dna polymerase and ul42 protein. | the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) ul42 protein, one of seven herpes-encoded polypeptides that are required for the replication of the hsv-1 genome, is found in a 1:1 complex with the hsv-1 dna polymerase (crute, j. j., and lehman, i. r. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 19266-19270). to obtain herpes dna polymerase free of ul42 protein, we have cloned and overexpressed the pol gene in a recombinant baculovirus vector and purified the recombinant dna polymerase to near homogeneity. replication of singl ... | 1990 | 2193033 |
| transient expression of virus-specific promoters in murine resident peritoneal macrophages. | monocyte-macrophages (mo), being non-permissive for most viruses, play an important role in resistance to virus infection. in order to establish the mechanism of abortive infection of murine resident peritoneal mo (respmo) by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), it is desirable to transfect these cells with viral promoters linked to an assayable gene, for example, the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene. this will facilitate studies designed to measure levels of promoter acti ... | 1990 | 2202771 |
| anterior chamber associated immune deviation: the privilege of immunity in the eye. | immune privilege in the anterior chamber of the eye, no longer considered a laboratory curiosity, results from an active, if deviant, systemic immune response. the specific features of this response, termed anterior chamber associated immune deviation (acaid) include (a) suppressed delayed hypersensitivity, (b) preserved humoral immunity, and (c) primed cytotoxic t cell responses. induction of acaid by intraocular antigens depends upon unique characteristics of the anterior segment of the eye an ... | 1990 | 2204129 |
| [recurrent herpetic encephalitis]. | a 64 year-old woman experienced, at 6 weeks' interval, two episodes of encephalitis with left hemiparesis, coma and signs of meningitis. paraclinical examinations showed lymphocytic meningitis, right temporal hypodensity at ct and high titers for herpes simplex at blood serology. the spontaneous course was favourable with almost complete recovery. a third recurrence took place 2 months later with left hemiplegia, confusion and meningism. a tentative diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis was c ... | 1990 | 2204990 |
| stable expression of mouse cyp1a1 and human cyp1a2 cdnas transfected into mouse hepatoma cells lacking detectable p450 enzyme activity. | using the mouse hepatoma hepa-1c1c7 c37 mutant cell line that exhibits negligible benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (cyp1a1) and acetanilide 4-hydroxylase (cyp1a2) enzyme activities, we developed stable transfectants of plasmids containing the murine cyp1a1 (cytochrome p(1)450) and the human cyp1a2 (p(3)450) cdnas. we show that the assay measuring metabolism of ethoxyfluorescein ethyl ester (efee) was invaluable in screening large numbers of individual cell lines for high cyp1a1 enzyme activity. nine d ... | 1990 | 2206399 |
| [optic nerve finding in experimental retinitis induced by herpes simplex virus]. | we reported histological changes and viral localization of hsv-1 in the optic nerve by the abc-method and electron microscopy, after intravitreal inoculation. there was neither histological change nor antigen deposition on the specimen of 3 days after inoculation. some series of antigen-positive sites were successively found along the nerve fiber from the lamina cribrosa to the optic chiasma in the optic nerve on 4 days after inoculation. round cell infiltration were also found around these site ... | 1990 | 2239547 |
| genital herpes simplex virus infections. | there has been a dramatic increase in patient visits to physicians for evaluation and treatment of genital herpes infections. this has resulted in part from an increase in genital herpes infections, particularly severe, first-episode genital herpes infections in adults without prior hsv-1 infection. virus culture remains the most sensitive and specific method for diagnosis, and use of viral cultures is encouraged. type-specific antibody tests have been employed in studies documenting the role of ... | 1990 | 2246948 |
| selective induction of toxicity to human cells expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat by a conditionally cytotoxic adenovirus vector. | the human immunodeficiency viruses (hivs) primarily infect cd4+ t lymphocytes, leading eventually to the development of a systemic immune dysfunction termed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). an attractive strategy to combat hiv-mediated pathogenesis would be to eliminate the initial pool of infected cells and thus prevent disease progression. we have engineered a replication-defective, conditionally cytotoxic adenovirus vector, ad-tk, whose action is dependent on the targeted expression ... | 1990 | 2247444 |
| primary herpes simplex virus (type 1) infection delays healing of oral excisional and extraction wounds in the rat. | the effect of acute herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection on the healing process of intraoral wounds and tooth extraction sockets in the rat was studied. a standardized size of the buccal mucosa was excised and molars were extracted and a hsv-1 suspension was topically applied. the virus infected wounds were clinically characterized by erythema and swelling and histologically by heavy inflammation cell infiltrate and abscesses during the first week. the acute hsv-1 infection was found to ... | 1990 | 2286928 |
| isoelectric focusing herpes simplex virus-gb overlay study in brainstem encephalitis. | we report a case of herpetic brainstem encephalitis (hbe) retrospectively diagnosed in adult patient. conventional immunovirological studies failed to disclose the etiology of this patient's affection. an isoelectric focusing-antigen overlay (ief-o) technique showed that the target of one of the four cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands was herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 glycoprotein b, indicating a specific anti-hsv immunoresponse restricted to the cns. ief-o may represent a useful support for i ... | 1990 | 2291396 |
| nonfulminant herpes simplex encephalitis as a cause for mesial temporal sclerosis. | although mesial temporal sclerosis has been recognized for more than 100 years, its etiology remains unknown. it is proposed that a common infectious agent, herpes simplex virus type-1, may cause this disorder by means of a nonfulminant infection of mesial temporal lobe structures, which is resolved by the immune system and becomes gliotic in the course of healing by the central nervous system. brain sections from a long-term experiment in a model of herpes simplex encephalitis reveal such a sca ... | 1990 | 2292981 |
| herpetic whitlow: an occupational hazard. | herpetic whitlow is a herpes infection of the digits of the hand, first described in 1909, caused by either herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2. it was not until 1959 that herpetic whitlow was reported to occur in health care professionals. nurse anesthetists are among the many health care professionals considered to be at high risk for acquiring herpetic whitlow, making it an occupational, but preventable, disease. after an initial infection, the virus invades the nerve tissue supplying the a ... | 1990 | 2316323 |
| induction of interleukin-1 alpha and beta gene transcription in mouse peritoneal exudate cells after intraperitoneal infection with herpes simplex virus-1. | macrophages have been shown to play a determining role in the immune defense against herpes simplex virus-1 (hiv-1) intraperitoneal infection in the mouse. in the present study, the effect of hsv-1 infection on interleukin-1 alpha and beta gene transcription in peritoneal exudate cells was investigated. hsv-1 infection was found to induce interleukin-1 alpha and beta gene transcription in these cells. induction of the interleukin-1 beta gene initiated 6 h postinfection (p.i.) and terminated at 4 ... | 1990 | 2317155 |
| herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. protective immunity against murine herpetic keratitis. | %$%%protective effect of glycoprotein d (gd) immunization against murine herpetic keratitis was investigated. gd was purified by affinity chromatography using anti-gd monoclonal antibodies. prior immunization with gd was shown to be effective in protecting mice from both the development of stromal keratitis and the spread of the virus to the central nervous system. the level of serum antibodies for virus neutralization, as well as for complement-dependent cytolysis (cdc), was significantly eleva ... | 1990 | 2318582 |
| structural requirements in the herpes simplex virus type 1 transactivator vmw65 for interaction with the cellular octamer-binding protein and target taatgarat sequences. | herpes simplex virus type 1 virion protein vmw65 forms a complex (trf.c) with taatgarat sequences and the cellular transcription factor oct-1, which has been implicated as an intermediate in the activation of gene expression by vmw65. to examine structural requirements within vmw65 for this interaction, we analyzed extracts of transfected cells that express mutant vmw65 proteins by gel retardation assay and identified two regions in the primary sequence of vmw65 which are necessary for in vitro ... | 1990 | 2335815 |
| experiments on herpes simplex viral infections of the facial nerve in the tympanic cavity. | an experimental protocol was developed to study viral infection of the facial nerve. facial palsy was induced in a guinea pig model by inoculating type 1 herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) directly onto the facial nerve in the temporal bone. partial removal of the bony wall of the fallopian canal was effected, and virus was placed on the nerve after incising its sheath on the right side and without incision of the sheath on the left side. all animals exhibited subsequent bilateral facial palsies, but ... | 1990 | 2350507 |
| fast gel electrophoresis to analyze dna-protein interactions. | a rapid method for electrophoresis of dna-protein complexes is described. popular "gel-shift" assays are performed using pharmacia phastsystem with its convenience of pre-cast gels and buffer strips and microprocessor-controlled high-resolution separation. using this system, the products of a dna binding reaction (dna-protein complexes) can be separated from "free" dna in less than one hour. dna fragments as well as oligonucleotides have been used as targets with partially purified extracts cont ... | 1990 | 2357378 |
| hsv (type 1) infection of the trigeminal complex. | following corneal inoculation with herpes simplex virus (type 1) (hsv), virus spreads to the cns by axonal transport in the central branches of trigeminal ganglion cell neurons. although this mode of viral entry to the cns is rare for humans, it appears to be the principal route of entry into the cns in animal models of herpetic corneal disease. in this study, the corneas of balb/c mice were unilaterally inoculated with hsv, and the distribution of hsv-immunoreactive label was studied to identif ... | 1990 | 2357535 |
| herpes simplex virus type i infection of the cns induces major histocompatibility complex antigen expression on rat microglia. | rats were infected with herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1) by corneal scarification. the spread of virus in the brain, the infiltration of leucocytes into infected areas, and the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) glycoproteins by brain cells were assessed as a function of time by immunohistochemistry. virus moved along neuronal pathways, achieving widespread distribution in the brain by days 8-10 when the illness appeared most severe. granulocytes, t-lymphocytes, and monocyte ... | 1990 | 2359146 |
| hsv-1 enhances gvhr-associated parent anti-f1 alloreactivity in vivo and in vitro. | the present studies were performed to demonstrate whether concurrent hsv-1 infection could enhance the immune alterations and dysfunction associated with p----f1-induced graft-versus-host reactions. examination of phenotypic and functional parameters revealed that gv-hr-related immune abnormalities in the (c3h.sw x h-2bm1)f1 recipient were dependent on the parental donor inoculum. together with hsv-1 infection, virus was found to exacerbate the phenotypic changes and functional abnormalities ind ... | 1990 | 2364436 |
| structural and kinetic analyses of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts in human trigeminal ganglia and in cell culture. | only one herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gene is expressed in sensory neurons of latently infected animals and humans, yielding two rnas, called latency-associated transcripts (lats). the lats appear to modulate virus reactivation. in mice and rabbits the 5' origins, kinetics of synthesis, and splicing pattern of the lats are well established. because these details of lat structure and expression have not been defined in humans, we sought to do so. using primer extension and northern hybridi ... | 1990 | 2365817 |
| is there an association between fetal viral infection and fetal malformation? i. detection of specific igm antibodies in the serum of malformed fetuses. | determinations of igg and igm antibodies specific for cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus (hsv1), herpes simplex virus (hsv2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), rubella, echo, coxsackie and morbilli viruses were performed in 20 sera from malformed fetuses. demonstration of a fetal infection by increased fetal serum igm permits linkage to a detected fetal malformation. in parallel, 14 maternal sera and 17 amniotic fluid samples were examined. laser nephelometry (a quantitative method) was use ... | 1990 | 2366130 |
| changing trends in genital herpes due to herpes simplex virus type 1 in glasgow, 1985-88. | 1990 | 2370066 | |
| an amplification-promoting sequence from mouse genomic dna: interaction with a trans-acting factor that also affects gene expression. | we previously identified murine dna sequences that stimulate the amplification of cis-linked plasmid dna in mouse cells under selective conditions (holst et al., 1988). here we focus on the structural features of one of these elements, the 229-bp element 5. the amplification-promoting activity was fully recovered from the middle part of element 5. the active region interacted in a sequence-specific way with a protein from nuclear extracts. using footprinting analyses the binding region was chara ... | 1990 | 2372375 |
| effective antibody therapy in herpes simplex virus ocular infection. characterization of recipient immune response. | the immunotherapeutic potential of a monoclonal antibody specific for glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus was evaluated in a murine ocular infection model. passive transfer of antibody at microgram concentrations was able to promote resolution of corneal opacity and hasten healing of blepharitis. antibody treatment did not prevent development of either a cellular or humoral antiviral immune response. in fact, kinetic studies revealed that the early delayed-type hypersensitivity response was s ... | 1990 | 2373609 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the equine herpesvirus 4 thymidine kinase gene. | we have determined the genomic location and nucleotide sequence of the equine herpesvirus 4 thymidine kinase (tk) gene. the gene is positioned at approximately 0.48 map units within the long unique component of the genome and is flanked by genes encoding a herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) ul24 homologue and glycoprotein h. the predicted protein is composed of 352 amino acids, has an mr of 38,800 and exhibits 36% identity to the predicted tk of hsv-1. | 1990 | 2391500 |
| nucleoside metabolism in herpes simplex virus-infected cells following treatment with interferon and acyclovir, a possible mechanism of synergistic antiviral activity. | alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) and nucleoside analogs have been shown to have synergistic antiherpesvirus activity in cultured cells. the mechanisms responsible for this synergistic activity are not known, but we hypothesize that ifn-alpha-induced alterations of nucleoside metabolism in virus-infected cells may play an important role. infection of cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) led to an increase in uptake of thymidine into cells. treatment of infected cells with recombinant ifn-al ... | 1990 | 2393279 |
| herpes simplex virus infection of the hand. | the first episode of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection of the hand can occur in association with infection at another site, such as primary hsv-1 gingivostomatitis. autoinoculation is the likely route of transmission. the attacks are usually solitary and last about 14 days. a first episode that results from exogenous inoculation may be severely inflammatory and may last up to 28 days. the majority of cases are recurrent infections and most often occur in adults with hsv-2 infection. | 1990 | 2405025 |
| studies on glycoprotein 13 (gp13) of equid herpesvirus 1 using affinity-purified gp13, glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides in a hamster model. | hamsters were immunized with either an affinity-purified preparation of equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) glycoprotein 13 (gp13) or synthetic peptides representing three sequences within the homologous glycoprotein of ehv-4, resulting in the production of anti-peptide (in the case of peptide-immunized animals) or antivirus antibodies. the sera from gp13-immunized hamsters contained antibodies which showed virus-neutralizing activity and complement-mediated antibody lysis of ehv-1-infected target cells ... | 1991 | 1707948 |
| characterization and sequence analyses of antibody-selected antigenic variants of herpes simplex virus show a conformationally complex epitope on glycoprotein h. | thirteen antigenic variants of herpes simplex virus which were resistant to neutralization by monoclonal antibody 52s or lp11 were isolated and characterized. the antibodies in the absence of complement potently neutralize infectivity of wild-type virus as well as inhibit the transfer of virus from infected to uninfected cells ("plaque inhibition") and decrease virus-induced cell fusion by syncytial strains. the first variant isolated arose in vivo. of 66 type 1 isolates analyzed from typing stu ... | 1991 | 1707982 |
| three cell lines from hamster buccal pouch tumors induced by topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, alone or in conjunction with herpes simplex virus inoculation. | three squamous carcinoma cell lines hbpc-1, hbpc-2, and hbpc-3 were established from hamster buccal pouch tumors induced by topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) treatment alone, topical dmba treatment in conjunction with type 1 herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) inoculation, and topical dmba application in combination with type 2 hsv (hsv-2) inoculation, respectively. the cells were epithelial in morphology, had a doubling time of approximately 18 h, and required bovine serum for optimal grow ... | 1991 | 1708371 |
| immediate-early gene expression is sufficient for induction of natural killer cell-mediated lysis of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected fibroblasts. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected human fibroblast (hsv-fs) targets are susceptible to lysis by natural killer (nk) cells, whereas uninfected fs are resistant to lysis. studies were undertaken to determine the mechanism of this preferential susceptibility. hsv-fs were not intrinsically less stable than fs, as determined by a 51cr release assay under hypotonic shock in the presence of rat granule cytolysin and by sensitivity to anti-human leukocyte antigen class i antibody plus complem ... | 1991 | 1709697 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes recognize immediate-early protein icp27. | the identity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) antigens that serve as targets for cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) and their ability to induce protective immunity remain uncertain. in this article, we report the identification of the immediate-early protein icp27 as a ctl antigen in h-2d mice but not in h-2k or h-2b mice. calculation of the frequencies of h-2d-restricted virus-specific ctl demonstrated that approximately one-fourth of the total hsv-1-specific response was directed against icp2 ... | 1991 | 1709698 |