Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| spr enhanced dna biosensor for sensitive detection of donkey meat adulteration. | herein, a surface plasmon resonance (spr) enhanced dna biosensor has been developed for real-time detection of donkey meat marker using biotinylated reporter and streptavidin functionalized gold nanostars (stre@gnss). compared to the direct detection assay, this sandwich format for the enhancement of the signal, resulted in 6-folds orders increase in the sensitivity. target dna could be detected with the lower limit of quantification (lloq) of 1.0 nm with a relative standard deviation (rsd, n = ... | 2020 | 32593037 |
| survey of serum amyloid a and bacterial and viral frequency using qpcr levels in recently captured feral donkeys from death valley national park (california). | feral donkey removal from state land has raised concerns in terms of disease transmission between equine species. disease outbreaks may occur as a result of the relocation of animals to new environments. virus and bacteria dna load and serum amyloid a derived from the pathogenic processes that they involve were measured in recently captured donkeys. blood and nasal swabs were collected from 85 donkeys (death valley national park, shoshone, california); 24 were retested after 30/60 days in the sc ... | 2020 | 32585994 |
| prevalence and genotypic identification of cryptosporidium in free-ranging and farm-raised donkeys (equus asinus asinus) in xinjiang, china. | the prevalence and zoonotic potential of cryptosporidium in donkeys is poorly understood. here, 680 fecal specimens were collected from 178 free-ranging and 502 farmed donkeys in xinjiang, china. cryptosporidium was identified using pcr amplification of the small subunit of ribosomal dna. cryptosporidium-positive isolates were subtyped using pcr analysis of the 60 kda glycoprotein gene (gp60). the overall prevalence of cryptosporidium was 2.4% (16/680), with 3.2% (16/502) in farmed donkeys and 0 ... | 2020 | 32584252 |
| a new framework for assessing equid welfare: a case study of working equids in nepalese brick kilns. | equids fulfil many different roles within communities. in low- to middle-income countries (lmics), in addition to providing a source of income, equids also provide essential transport of food, water, and goods to resource-limited and/or isolated communities that might otherwise lack access. the aim of this investigation was to understand the welfare conditions that donkeys, mules, and horses are exposed to whilst working in nepalese brick kilns. to understand the welfare conditions of equids in ... | 2020 | 32580418 |
| trypanosome infections in naturally infected horses and donkeys of three active sleeping sickness foci in the south of chad. | equine trypanosomiases are complex infectious diseases with overlapping clinical signs defined by their mode of transmission. despite their economic impacts, these diseases have been neglected by the scientific community, the veterinary authorities and regulatory organizations. to fill the observed knowledge gap, we undertook the identification of different trypanosome species and subspecies naturally infecting horses and donkeys within the chadian sleeping sickness focus. the objective of the s ... | 2020 | 32576240 |
| effect of dietary forage: concentrate ratio on pre-caecal and total digestive tract digestibility of diverse feedstuffs in donkeys as measured by the mobile nylon bag technique. | the domestic donkey is a unique equid species with specific nutritional requirements, however, limited laboratory evidences are available to address the digestibility contribution of the prececum in relation to the total digestive tract. in the present study, six caecum-fistulated adult female xinjiang donkeys served as the experimental animals in a 3 × 3 latin square design, and mobile nylon bag technique was applied to determine the effect of dietary f:c ratio on pre-caececum and total digesti ... | 2020 | 32575777 |
| historical aspects of equine embryo transfer. | early embryo transfer in equids was undertaken simultaneously in the early 1970s in cambridge, england, and kyoto, japan. both groups achieved limited success when flushing the uterine horn ipsilateral to the side of ovulation but the rates improved markedly when the whole uterus was flushed on realization of the continued movement of the embryo throughout the uterine lumen after day 6. initial transfers of embryos to recipient mares were carried out surgically, but nonsurgical transfer via the ... | 2020 | 32563443 |
| single tube multiplex pcr assay for the identification of banned meat species. | food adulteration has a direct impact on public health, religious faith, fair-trades, and wildlife. in the present study, a reliable and sensitive assay has been developed for verifying meat adulteration in food chain. the multiplex pcr system was optimised for identification of chicken, cow/buffalo, sheep/goat, horse/donkey, pork, and dog dnas in a single reaction mixture simultaneously. the primers were designed using 12 s rrna gene sequences with fragment size in the range of 113 bp to 800 bp ... | 2020 | 32552602 |
| comparative study of gut microbiota in tibetan wild asses (equus kiang) and domestic donkeys (equus asinus) on the qinghai-tibet plateau. | tibetan wild asses (equus kiang) are the only wild species of perissodactyls on the qinghai-tibet plateau and appears on the international union for conversation of nature (iucn) 2012 red list of threatened species. therefore, understanding the gut microbiota composition and function of wild asses can provide a theoretical for the situ conservation of wild animals in the future.in this study, we measured the dry matter digestion by the 4 molar hydrochloric acid (4n hcl) acid-insoluble ash method ... | 2020 | 32547852 |
| donkey therapy and hippotherapy: two faces of the same coin? | animal-assisted interventions are considered an innovative rehabilitation approach to improve social, emotional, and physical domains in several diseases. among such treatments, the equine-assisted activities and therapies have been developed to support the conventional approaches. there is growing evidence on the beneficial effects of hippotherapy, whereas few data are available regarding donkey therapy. herein, we compare such treatments, hypothesizing their best application field to reach the ... | 2020 | 32547842 |
| effect of dietary forage/concentrate ratio on nutrient digestion and energy and protein metabolism in adult donkeys. | the domestic donkey is a unique equid species with specific nutritional requirements; however, limited feeding studies have been addressed so far to understand nutrient digestion and metabolism in donkeys. in the present study, six adult female xinjiang donkeys (180 ± 10 kg live weight) were applied in a 3 × 3 latin square design to investigate the effect of the forage/concentrate ratio (f/c) in three experimental diets on n and energy balance within 12 weeks. rice straw and alfalfa hay were cho ... | 2020 | 32545612 |
| demography, preventative healthcare and reason for relinquishment of donkeys to an equine charity in the uk (2013-2015). | in the uk, there are thousands of donkeys being cared for by charities; however, little is known about the reasons for relinquishment or their previous health status, with even less information available in published literature. such information could help to identify factors contributing to poor equine welfare and guide the development of appropriate educational resources. | 2020 | 32542888 |
| levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in donkey milk: correlation with the infection level by intestinal strongyles. | the study aimed at evaluating the concentration levels of organochlorine pollutants in donkey milk and their modulation on the intestinal strongyle infection. risk evaluation for consumer health was also investigated. | 2020 | 32535446 |
| unraveling the genetics behind equid cardiac disease. | there have been some advances in understanding the genetic contribution to ventricular septal defects in arabians, sudden death in racehorses, and atrial fibrillation in racehorses. no genetic analyses have been published for aortic rupture in friesians or atrioventricular block in donkeys despite strong evidence for a genetic cause. to date, no genetic mutation has been identified for any equid cardiac disease. with the advancement of genetic tools and resources, we are moving closer to discove ... | 2020 | 32534853 |
| alfaxalone total intravenous anaesthesia in a donkey foal. | 2020 | 32534828 | |
| post-operative pain behaviour associated with surgical castration in donkeys (equus asinus). | recognising pain in donkeys is challenging because they are stoic. | 2020 | 32525236 |
| morphometric characteristics of the skull in horses and donkeys-a pilot study. | horses and donkeys belong to the genus equus, but important differences exist between the species, many of which affect their management and welfare. this study compared skull morphology between horses and donkeys. horse (n = 14) and donkey (n = 16) heads were obtained post-mortem, sectioned sagittally close to the midline, and photographed for subsequent measurement of various skull structures. skull, cranial, nasal, and profile indices were calculated for topographical comparisons between the ... | 2020 | 32521777 |
| a controlled study on efficacy and egg reappearance period of ivermectin in donkeys naturally infected with small strongyles. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and the egg reappearance period (erp) of ivermectin (ivm) in donkeys during a 13-week period. the study involved a total of 14 adult amiata breed donkeys, 7 - 13 years of age, and naturally infected with small strongyles. a group of 10 donkeys was treated with ivm oral paste at a dose rate of 200 mcg/kg bw. another group of 4 donkeys was kept as untreated control group. faecal samples were collected and examined for strongyle eggs on d ... | 2020 | 32518493 |
| comparative transcriptome profiling analysis uncovers novel heterosis-related candidate genes associated with muscular endurance in mules. | heterosis has been widely exploited in animal and plant breeding programs to enhance the productive traits of hybrid progeny from two breeds or species. however, its underlying genetic mechanisms remain enigmatic. transcriptome profiling analysis can be used as a method for exploring the mechanism of heterosis. here, we performed genome-wide gene expression and alternative splicing (as) analyses in different tissues (muscle, brain, and skin) from crosses between donkeys and horses. our results i ... | 2020 | 32512843 |
| anti-müllerian hormone (amh) concentrations are maximal at puberty in male donkeys and secretion is redirected from the blood stream to seminal plasma. | sertoli cells produce anti-müllerian hormone (amh) and number of these cells is associated with numbers of sperm produced. the study aim was to quantify amh concentrations in serum and seminal plasma of donkeys during puberty, and to correlate the values with those for testicular width and semen quality of sexually mature males. blood was collected from five donkeys every second month from 4 to 24 months of age, and then once at 40 months of age. semen was collected once monthly, from 13 to 19 a ... | 2020 | 32507264 |
| may salivary chromogranin a act as a physiological index of stress in transported donkeys? a pilot study. | road transport is known to be a stressful animal husbandry procedure as it induces the activation of two main physiological stress-related pathways: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis and the sympathetic-adrenal medulla axis. this preliminary study aimed to investigate whether salivary chromogranin a (cga) concentration, known as a biomarker of the sympathetic activity system during psychological stress, may represent a novel physiological index of transportation-induced stress in do ... | 2020 | 32503233 |
| [herbalogical study of colla corii asini(ejiao)]. | colla corii asini(ejiao)is an important chinese medicine used in china for thousands of years, and is well known for its famous tonic properties. the herbalogical study was detailed carried out based on the naming, habitat, harvesting, processing, medicinal properties and clinical efficacy. the results showed that the name of ejiao could be traced back to shennong's materia medica, and various names of lvpi jiao, penfu jiao and fuzhi jiao were recorded in other ancient books. in the many interve ... | 2020 | 32495607 |
| first record of besnoitiosis caused by besnoitia bennetti in donkeys from the uk. | the involvement of besnoitia bennetti in skin pathologies was investigated in a series of 20 donkeys from the donkey sanctuary in england, in the 2013-2019 period. | 2020 | 32493413 |
| herbivores coprolites from chehrabad salt mine of zanjan, iran (sassanid era, 224-651 ad) reveals eggs of strongylidae and anoplocephalidae helminths. | the ancient chehrabad salt mine, a well-known archaeological site in iran, has recently received increasing interest from iranian and international archeologists. also, the biological remains from this site have provided valuable sources for studying the pathogenic agents of ancient times. this study aimed to identify the parasitic helminth eggs preserved in the herbivores coprolites. | 2020 | 32489382 |
| anthelmintic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of ivermectin paste after oral administration in mules infected by cyathostomins. | ivermectin (ivm) is an anthelmintic compound commonly used off-label in mules due to its broad-spectrum of activity. despite the general use of ivm in mules with the same dose and route of administration licensed for horses, significant pharmacokinetic differences might exist between horses and mules, as already observed for donkeys. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and anthelmintic efficacy of an oral paste of ivm in mules naturally infected with cyathost ... | 2020 | 32481576 |
| crosstalk between androgen and wnt/β-catenin leads to changes of wool density in fgf5-knockout sheep. | fibroblast growth factor 5 (fgf5) is a famous dominant inhibitor of anagen phase of hair cycle. mutations of fgf5 gene result in a longer wool in mice, donkeys, dogs, cats, and even in human eyelashes. sheep is an important source of wool production. how to improve the production of wool quickly and effectively is an urgent problem to be solved. in this study, we generated five fgf5-knockout dorper sheep by the crispr/cas9 system. the expression level of fgf5 mrna in knockout (ko) sheep decrease ... | 2020 | 32472005 |
| cryopreservation of donkey embryos: comparison of embryo survival rate after in vitro culture between conventional freezing and vitrification. | embryo cryopreservation ensures that genetic biodiversity is preserved over time. this study evaluates the survival of donkey embryos subjected to slow freezing and vitrification after thawing and in vitro culture. seven-day-old in vivo produced donkey embryos were subjected to slow freezing (sf, n = 14) or vitrification (vit, n = 22). after one year of cryopreservation, embryos were warmed, washed and placed in incubation for in vitro culture (ivc). in order to assess the embryo viability, the ... | 2020 | 32470704 |
| meloxicam ameliorates the systemic inflammatory response syndrome associated with experimentally induced endotoxemia in adult donkeys. | little information is available about endotoxemia in donkeys. characterizing the systemic inflammatory response (sirs) to lipopolysaccharide (lps) in donkeys would provide valuable clinical and therapeutic information. the effects of meloxicam on endotoxemia have not been studied in this species. | 2020 | 32463537 |
| hematological and biochemical changes in naturally occurring equine piroplasmosis in donkeys (equus asinus) of northwest of iran. | equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne protozoal disease affecting horses, mules, donkeys and zebras and can lead to severe economic losses in the equine industry. there is limited information on clinical pathologic changes of equine piroplasmosis in donkeys. this study aims to investigate the impacts of babesiosis on various hematological and biochemical properties in naturally infected donkeys with theileria equi and babesia caballi. | 2020 | 32462264 |
| serological survey of neospora spp. and besnoitia spp. in horses in portugal. | equine neosporosis is regarded to be caused either by neospora hughesi or neospora caninum and equine besnoitiosis is caused by besnoitia bennetti, both of which are apicomplexan parasites. n. caninum is the only known neospora species in europe, where equine n. caninum infections have been reported as being associated to abortion and reproductive failure. n. hughesi is prevalent in north america and was predominantly linked to neurological disorders. b. bennetti is considered an emergent diseas ... | 2020 | 32448546 |
| rabies surveillance-response in mali in the past 18 years and requirements for the future. | rabies is endemic in mali, but little is known about the distribution of rabies and its surveillance across the country. documenting the evolution of rabies and the problems related to surveillance is useful to facilitate elimination of human rabies by 2030. | 2020 | 32447031 |
| in vitro anthelmintic activity assessment of six medicinal plant aqueous extracts against donkey strongyles. | the lack of anthelmintic products licensed for donkeys and the rising number of small donkey milk farms in the countries of western europe and italy have led to an increased interest in the study of reliable and safe plant-derived treatment alternatives. in this study, the aqueous extracts of achillea millefolium l. (flowers), artemisia absinthium l. (aerial parts), centaurium erythraea rafn. (flowers), gentiana asclepiadea l. (rhizomes and roots), inula helenium l. (rhizomes and roots) and tana ... | 2020 | 32430089 |
| seminal plasma, sperm concentration, and sperm-pmn interaction in the donkey: an in vitro model to study endometrial inflammation at post-insemination. | in the donkey, artificial insemination (ai) with frozen-thawed semen is associated with low fertility rates, which could be partially augmented through adding seminal plasma (sp) and increasing sperm concentration. on the other hand, post-ai endometrial inflammation in the jenny is significantly higher than in the mare. while previous studies analyzed this response through recovering polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) from uterine washings, successive lavages can detrimentally impact the endome ... | 2020 | 32423134 |
| efficacy and safety of native and recombinant zona pellucida immunocontraceptive vaccines in donkeys. | feral and semi-feral donkeys are recognised as a problem in some world regions. the main problem associated with uncontrolled donkey populations is habitat degradation and competition for feed resources, especially in arid climes. controlling population numbers would reduce the impact of donkeys and other species. while removal by various means is effective, it has been shown to stimulate reproductive rate. probably the most effective and humane solution is reducing reproduction using minimally ... | 2020 | 32417608 |
| cultural "blind spots," social influence and the welfare of working donkeys in brick kilns in northern india. | non-governmental organizations (ngos) work across the globe to improve the welfare of working equids. despite decades of veterinary and other interventions, welfare issues persist with equids working in brick kilns. engagement with all stakeholders is integral to creating abiding improvements to working equid welfare as interventions based purely on reactive measures fail to provide sustainable solutions. equid owners, particularly those in low to middle-income countries (lmics), may have issues ... | 2020 | 32411736 |
| persian onager (equus hemionus onager) endometrial explant cryopreservation and in vitro culture. | assisted reproduction of endangered equids, such as persian onagers (equus hemionus onager), is vital for species conservation. little is known about persian onager reproductive functions, including functions of the uterine endometrium. recently, successful cryopreservation of the domestic mare endometrium was reported, but there is no information on cryo-sensitivity or in vitro culture of endometrial tissues of any non-domestic equid. in the present study, endometrial explants from persian onag ... | 2020 | 32408971 |
| identification and comparative analysis of long non-coding rna in the skeletal muscle of two dezhou donkey strains. | long non-coding rna (lncrna) has been extensively studied in many livestock. however, compared with other livestock breeds, there is less research regarding donkey lncrna function. it has been reported that lncrna plays an important role in the timing control of development, aging, and death of livestock. therefore, the study of donkey skeletal muscle lncrna is of great significance for exploring donkey meat production performance. in this study, rna-seq was used to perform high-throughput seque ... | 2020 | 32375413 |
| favorable effect of creams with skimmed donkey milk encapsulated in nanoliposomes on skin physiology. | the use of donkey milk has a long history in external dermal application for cosmetic and medical purposes. the encapsulation of different drugs into nanoliposomes and nutrients may have many benefits for the delivery of the targeted substance. the aim of the present study is to test creams with nanoliposomes encapsulated with skimmed donkey milk, reported in our registered patent, compared with effect of the placebo cream and the untreated skin. to investigate the effect of formulated cream, we ... | 2020 | 32372458 |
| documenting the welfare and role of working equids in rural communities of portugal and spain. | recently, the need for a more holistic approach to welfare assessment has been highlighted. this is particularly pertinent in the case of working equids who provide vital support for human livelihoods, often in low- to middle-income countries, yet suffer from globally low standards of welfare. this study aimed to provide insight into the welfare status and traditional use of working equids in rural western european communities using the new ears welfare tool, designed to provide a broad view of ... | 2020 | 32370244 |
| one-step warming does not affect the in vitro viability and cryosurvival of cryotop-vitrified donkey embryos. | the objective of this study was to compare the effects of two warming protocols (three-step vs. one-step dilution) on embryo quality, post-warming embryo survival and embryo cell viability of donkey embryos vitrified by the cryotop method. twenty, day 7-8, grade 1-2 donkey embryos were measured, morphologically evaluated and vitrified using the cryotop technique. embryos were then randomly warmed using two different warming procedures: (i) w3 (three-step dilution; n = 11): embryos were warmed in ... | 2020 | 32361488 |
| comparative exploration of free fatty acids in donkey colostrum and mature milk based on a metabolomics approach. | donkey milk is an ideal substitute for human milk owing to its similar composition. nevertheless, changes in the composition and related metabolic pathways of free fatty acids (ffa) in donkey milk between colostrum and mature milk have not been studied well. in this study, metabolomic methods based on gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc-tof-ms) were used to explore and compare ffa in donkey colostrum (dc) and mature milk (dmm). a total of 24 ffa were characterized and ... | 2020 | 32359984 |
| in vitro inhibiting effects of three fungal species on eggs of donkey gastrointestinal strongyles. | recently, donkeys have gained popularity mainly due to the use of donkey milk by the cosmetic industry and for human consumption. gastrointestinal strongyles (gis) are considered a potential cause of disease and reduced production in infected donkeys. european laws limit the use of anthelmintic drugs for the control of gis in dairy donkey farms, thus the need to develop alternative control methods. this study aimed to test the in vitro inhibiting effects of three chitin degrading fungi (scopular ... | 2020 | 32344915 |
| detection of the epidemic of the h3n8 subtype of the equine influenza virus in large-scale donkey farms. | to monitor the occurrence of equine influenza in large-scale donkey farms in liaocheng city, shandong province, serological investigation and sequence analysis of ha/m protein gene of equine influenza virus (eiv) were carried out. samples (n = 65) of the lung and nasal swab were collected in six different large-scale donkey farms and detected with rt-pcr for ha and m protein gene. the homology and evolution of ha and m genes were analysed with known sequences. antibody titres of serum samples (n ... | 2020 | 32341914 |
| the potential for new donkey farming systems to supply the growing demand for hides. | the demand for donkey hides for ejiao, a traditional chinese medicine, has resulted in rapidly increasing prices for donkey hides and donkeys. this has put pressure on donkey populations globally and has implications for donkey welfare and the livelihoods of those who rely on donkeys as working animals. the aim of the research was to explore the feasibility of setting up new donkey farming systems to supply the rising demand for ejiao using a system dynamics model of donkey production. results s ... | 2020 | 32326062 |
| [new drugs for horses and production animals in 2019]. | in 2019, one novel pharmaceutical agent for horses or food-producing animals was released on the german market: an injection suspension for horses containing chondrogenic-induced equine allogeneic peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells as the active ingredient (articell® forte) is now available. two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became accessible for additional species: a salicylanilide anthelmintic oxyclozanide (distocur®) for the treatment and control of fas ... | 2020 | 32325500 |
| nano-depletion of acrosome-damaged donkey sperm by using lectin peanut agglutinin (pna)-magnetic nanoparticles. | lectin is considered as a suitable biomarker for nano-depletion of acrosome-damaged sperm. the aim of this study was to synthetize magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) coated by peanut (arachis hypogaea) agglutinin lectin (pna) and investigate its beneficial effect in improving of sperm characteristics. mnps were obtained by co-precipitation method, functionalized with chitosan and coated by pna at a concentration of 0.04 mg/ml. semen was frozen either with glycerol-based or sucrose-based extenders. fr ... | 2020 | 32325322 |
| novel findings from a beta coronavirus outbreak on an american miniature horse breeding farm in upstate new york. | this case report describes an outbreak and novel findings associated with a beta coronavirus (bcov) infection that occurred on an american miniature horse (amh) breeding farm in upstate new york, in january and february of 2013. twenty-nine amh and one donkey were present on the farm when the outbreak occurred. one 10-year-old quarter horse mare, stabled at a separate location and owned by an employee of the farm, also tested positive. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of ... | 2020 | 32313400 |
| a missense mutation in asip is associated with light point variation in donkeys. | 2020 | 32311147 | |
| computer aided sperm analysis (casa) in domestic animals: current status, three d tracking and flagellar analysis. | computer aided sperm analysis is currently well established in domestic animals. apart from sperm concentration and sperm motility assessment (percentage groupings, kinematics groupings) sperm morphology, sperm viability, sperm fragmentation and the acrosome reaction are automated as part of modern casa systems. this review cum new original research paper focuses on providing baseline data on sperm concentration and motility in common domestic species of animals of proven fertility including bul ... | 2020 | 32305213 |
| novel streptococcus equi strains causing strangles outbreaks in arabian horses in egypt. | strangles displays a major challenge to veterinary medicine worldwide. however, no data on streptococcus equi subsp. equi (s. equi) m protein alleles have been reported so far from arabian horses. we report here for the first time the s. equi sem alleles causing strangles in arabian horses, and the associated risk factors for the disease. duplicate samples from one hundred arabian horses with acute strangles in confirmed outbreaks and sporadic cases were analysed by phenotypic methods and multip ... | 2020 | 32304282 |
| gross anatomical, radiographic and doppler sonographic approach to the infra-auricular parotid region in donkey (equus asinus). | the present study was performed on 12 heads of donkey's cadavers of both sexes for different anatomic techniques and on 20 live adult donkeys for ultrasonographic approaches of local anesthetic techniques. the aim was to achieve safe desensitization of the ear canal and tympanic membrane in addition to measuring different parameters of the structures occupying the infra-auricular parotid region. the internal auricular nerve was divided into two fine branches and constituting, at its origin, a ch ... | 2020 | 32303329 |
| reference values and repeatability of b-mode and m-mode echocardiographic parameters in healthy donkey (equus asinus)-the guide to assess healthy heart. | donkey (equus asinus), the cheapest form of agricultural power in egypt, is used principally as draught or pack animals and may also be ridden, or used for threshing, raising water, milling, and other work. the aim of the present study was to provide b-mode and m-mode echocardiographic reference ranges from a sample of population of donkeys (e. asinus) based on the probability theory and statistics. in the present study, b-mode and 2-dimensional guided m-mode echocardiography were performed on 4 ... | 2020 | 32303309 |
| morphological and imaging evaluation of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in healthy and lame donkeys. | the donkey is of socio-economic value yet imaging techniques in both healthy and abnormal limbs are a limiting factor in research and medicine. the objective was to determine anatomical features of both healthy and clinically abnormal donkey metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints (n = 13) using anatomical dissection, casting, x-ray and computed tomography. the joint capsule contained two palmar/plantar and two dorsal recesses. the proximal-palmar or plantar recess was larger than the ... | 2020 | 32303299 |
| long-term successful treatment of a donkey with cutaneous lupus erythematous with methotrexate. | cutaneous lupus erythematosus (cle) is a rare immune-mediated dermatitis. to the best of the authors' knowledge it has not been described in donkeys. a 5-year-old male neutered donkey, living in south-east france, was diagnosed with cle. clinical signs included generalized symmetrical areas of alopecia, erythema, crusting and scales. diagnostic tests included examination of skin biopsy samples by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis which demonstrated an interface dermatitis with c ... | 2020 | 32293082 |
| evaluation of colostral immunity against equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) in martina franca's foals. | eight martina franca pregnant jennies were selected in order to evaluate the transfer of colostral antibodies against equine herpesvirus type 1 in their relative foals after immunization with a commercial inactivated vaccine, compared with an unvaccinated group. samples of serum and colostrums/milk were collected from jennies and foals under study starting from 10 min before and up to 21 days after the foaling. specific anti-ehv-1 antibody titers were evaluated by means of a serum neutralization ... | 2020 | 33330699 |
| genetic characteristics of theileria equi in zebras, wild and domestic donkeys in israel and the palestinian authority. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) is an important tick-borne disease of equids, caused by theileria equi and babesia caballi. it is endemic in most parts of the world, including israel, and has clinical and economic consequences. this study was set to evaluate the presence of ep parasites in domestic donkeys and in wild equids in israel and the palestinian authority (pa). to assess subclinical ep infection in 98 domestic donkeys (equus africanus asinus), 9 asiatic wild donkeys (equus hemionus), 8 zebras ... | 2020 | 31537490 |
| dezhou donkey (equus asinus) milk a potential treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes. | donkey (equus asinus) milk has become a medical and nutrient product since ancient times. in addition, donkey milk was regarded as a medicinal food and substitute product for infant formula in some ancient western countries. chinese ancient medical books documented the medicinal value of donkey milk, using donkey milk to treat diabetes, cough and jaundice. | 2020 | 31494203 |
| anthelmintic activity of crude powder and crude aqueous extract of trachyspermum ammi on gastrointestinal nematodes in donkey (equus asinus): an in vivo study. | trachyspermum ammi has been used traditionally as a popular ethnobotanical plant in human and animal parasitic infestations. few scientific studies have been conducted on in vitro anthelmintic activity of t. ammi against various helminths and there is no study on its in vivo/in vitro anthelmintic properties against equine helminths. | 2020 | 31557509 |
| prevalence of skin wounds in working donkeys in bukombe, tanzania. | preventable wounds are a common welfare issue in working donkeys in many countries. in the bukombe district of tanzania, there are estimated to be 3000 working donkeys, used primarily to transport loads for direct income generation. for historical reasons, oxen-yoke carts are used; their design is inappropriate for donkeys and results in serious neck wounds. the project aim was to assess the prevalence and nature of wounds in working donkeys. | 2020 | 31554710 |
| establishment and application of a 10-plex liquid bead array for the simultaneous rapid detection of animal species. | meat fraud and adulteration incidents occur frequently in almost all regions of the globe, especially with the increase in the world's population. to ensure the authenticity of meat products, we developed a 10-plex xmap assay to simultaneously detect ten animal materials: bovine, caprine, poultry, swine, donkey, deer, horse, dog, fox and mink. | 2020 | 31584699 |
| factors associated with the prevalence of antibodies against theileria equi in equids of western pará, brazil. | the state of pará has one of the largest herds of equids (horse, donkey and mule) in brazil, most of these animals are found on cattle farms. equine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the parasite theileria equi and is characterized by fever, anaemia, icterus, intravascular haemolysis, haemoglobinuria, spleen and hepatomegaly, and even death. the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against t. equi in equids in the western region of the state of pará, brazil, ... | 2020 | 31286674 |
| long-term treatment with naproxen changes the chemical coding of the porcine intramural duodenum neurons. | due to numerous therapeutic applications and high availability, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are the most widely used drugs worldwide. however, long-term use of these drugs can lead to damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa. the enteric nervous system (ens), which is part of the autonomic nervous system, controls most aspects of gastrointestinal activity. enteric neurons are characterized by considerable chemical plasticity and the appearance of a pathological factor results in ... | 2020 | 31610253 |
| in vitro evaluation of probiotic potential and safety assessment of lactobacillus mucosae strains isolated from donkey's lactation. | the study, for the first time, reports the efficacy, safety and probiotic properties of two lactobacillus mucosae strains, lact. mucosae srv5 and lact. mucosae srv10 isolated from donkey milk. all major in vitro screening assays were employed to evaluate studied strains. both strains displayed good survivability at gastric ph 2.0, 0.3% bile and simulated oro-gastrointestinal fluid (above 88%). also, cultures demonstrated good cell surface hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation ability, clearly indi ... | 2020 | 31713771 |
| relation between apgar scoring and physical parameters in 44 newborn amiata donkey foals at birth. | the assessment of the behavior and physiological parameters of neonatal foals is essential in the detection of early signs of illness. modified apgar scoring systems from human medicine exist and have been validated in foals as a guide for assessing neonatal viability after birth. this study evaluated the viability of 44 amiata donkey foals at birth, by assessing the apgar score and comparing the relationship between viability and various physical parameters. a total of 44 amiata donkey foals an ... | 2020 | 31711687 |
| comparative metabolomics analysis of donkey colostrum and mature milk using ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | donkey milk has been widely shown to be an ideal substitute for human milk because of its similar composition. however, alterations to the composition of donkey milk during lactation have not been well studied. in this study, untargeted metabolomics with ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to analyze and compare the metabolites in donkey colostrum (dc) and mature milk (dmm). two hundred seventy metabolites were characterized i ... | 2020 | 31677837 |
| epidemiological study of equine piroplasmosis (theileria equi and babesia caballi) by microscopic examination and competitive-elisa in erbil province north-iraq. | equine piroplasmosis is a major tick-borne disease that can lead to serious health problems and economic losses in horse industry. the aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of theileria equi and babesia caballi in different species of equus namely (horse, mule, donkey and pony) by giemsa stained blood films and competitive elisa. | 2020 | 31673258 |
| comparative expression of cell adhesion molecule1 (cadm1) in the testes of experimental mice and some farm animals. | cell adhesion molecule1 (cadm1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (igsf) that has been found in mammalian testis and plays a substantial role in cell-to-cell interaction via either hemophilic (between spermatogenic cells) or heterophilic (between spermatogenic and somatic sertoli cells) binding. the present study investigated the immunohistochemical localization of cadm1 in the testes of adult mice (mus musculus), as well as sexually mature bull (bos taurus), camel (camelus dromedari ... | 2020 | 31635798 |
| first report regarding the simultaneous molecular detection of anaplasma marginale and theileria annulata in equine blood samples collected from southern punjab in pakistan. | the present study was designed to check the molecular detection of anaplasma marginale and theileria annulata in blood samples of horses and donkeys collected from dera ghazi khan district in punjab and to document their phylogenetic origin and their association with studied epidemiological factors (sex and age) and complete blood count parameters, if any. | 2020 | 31721059 |
| quantitative lipidomics reveals alterations in donkey milk lipids according to lactation. | the composition of donkey milk is similar to that of human milk. however, the lipid content in donkey milk is lower than that in human milk. thus far, the lipid composition of donkey milk during lactation has not been well-studied. through mass spectroscopy-based quantitative lipidomics, we analyzed lipids in donkey colostrum (dc) and mature milk (dm). thirteen subclasses of 335 lipids were identified in both dc and dm; 60 lipids - 17 upregulated and 43 downregulated - were differentially regula ... | 2020 | 31784068 |
| total and specific activities of superoxide dismutase (sod) in seminal plasma are related with the cryotolerance of jackass spermatozoa. | this study investigated whether the activities of four antioxidant enzymes present in jackass seminal plasma (sp), superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione reductase (gsr), are related to the sperm ability to withstand cryopreservation. eighteen ejaculates from 16 healthy jackasses were collected and split into two aliquots. the first one was centrifuged (3,000×g, 4 °c for 10 min) and used to determine the activities of these four enzymes in sp, ... | 2020 | 31778669 |
| evaluation of the sedative and clinical effects of xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in miniature donkeys. | aim: to evaluate the sedative and clinical effects of i/v xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in miniature donkeys.methods: seven clinically healthy, male adult miniature donkeys with a mean age of 6 years and weight of 105 kg, were assigned to five i/v treatments in a randomised, cross-over design. they received either 1.1 mg/kg xylazine, 20 μg/kg detomidine, 10 μg/kg medetomidine, 5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine or saline, with a washout period of ≥7 days. the degree of sedation was ... | 2020 | 31778611 |
| the cryoprotective effect of ficoll 70 on the post-warming survival and quality of cryotop-vitrified donkey embryos. | many domestic donkey breeds are at risk of extinction, there is a critical urgency for genome resource banking. in the present study, we examined whether the use of ficoll 70 added to the vitrification medium containing ethylene glycol (eg), dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and sucrose improves the cryotolerance of donkey in vivo derived embryos. day 7-8, grade 1-2 donkey embryos were measured and morphologically evaluated and then vitrified-warmed using the cryotop technique. before vitrification, emb ... | 2020 | 31757484 |
| examination of jackass (equus asinus) accessory sex glands by b-mode ultrasound and of testicular artery blood flow by colour pulsed-wave doppler ultrasound: correlations with semen production. | the accessory sex glands play a major role in the production of seminal plasma, and testicular artery blood flow seems to strongly influence testicular function. however, very little ultrasound imaging of these organs has been undertaken in donkeys. the present work reports the results of such examinations in five jackasses along the year. the accessory glands were inspected by b-mode ultrasound while the testicular artery blood flow was assessed by colour pulsed-wave doppler ultrasound. the tes ... | 2020 | 31829461 |
| design a highly specific sequence for electrochemical evaluation of meat adulteration in cooked sausages. | a specific and unique sequence probe was designed for detection of donkey adulteration in cooked sausages and its species specificity was confirmed bioinformatically in the common software and website (clustalx and ncbi). subsequently, a novel species-specific electrochemical dna probe (locked nucleic acid, lna) was synthesized and implemented in a construction of dna-based electrochemical genosensor for sensitive, convenient and selective detection of donkey adulteration. the electrochemical be ... | 2020 | 31818752 |
| analysis of theileria equi diversity in the gambia using a novel genotyping method. | theileria equi, one of the primary pathogens causing equine piroplasmosis, has previously been sub-classified into a number of clades on the basis of 18s ssu rrna gene sequence diversity. this partitioning of the parasite population has potential implications for host immunity, treatment and vaccine development. to detect and identify different clade genotypes among and within individual equine blood samples, a novel pcr-based technique was designed and optimized. theileria equi has only recentl ... | 2020 | 31845493 |
| laparoscopic ovariectomy in standing mule mares. | mules are hybrids bred from the mating of a jack donkey and a horse mare, known for their strength and resistance and still used to work in agriculture. although they have been for long considered sterile, evidence of estrus cycle has been demonstrated together with abnormal behavior related to ovarian activity. in this study, a bilateral standing laparoscopic ovariectomy technique using the ligasure technology was applied in 10 mare mules for treating unwanted behavioral patterns. the technique ... | 2020 | 31864467 |
| leptin receptor gene polymorphisms in some turkish donkey populations. | leptin receptor is a fundamental regulator in physiological functions of the regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis, immune function, and reproduction as well as on ovarian follicular cells on the placenta and lactating mammary glands. the aim of this study was to investigate the lepr gene polymorphism in 60 donkeys reared in thrace region of turkey. a 585 bp long partial intron 6, exon 7, intron 7, and exon 8 regions of lepr gene were amplified, and polymerase chain reaction products ana ... | 2020 | 31864461 |
| active equine parvovirus-hepatitis infection is most frequently detected in austrian horses of advanced age. | equine parvovirus-hepatitis (eqpv-h) research is in its infancy. information regarding prevalence, geographical distribution, genetic diversity, pathogenesis and risk factors enhances understanding of this potentially fatal infection. | 2021 | 33704819 |
| epidemiology and serological detection of rift valley fever disease in farm animals in southern egypt. | in this study, the serological surveillance of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in southern egypt was carried out for 460 serum samples collected from domestic animals (unvaccinated), including cattle, sheep, goat, camel and donkey reared in three different provinces (qena, luxor and aswan). enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect rvfv antibodies. the results showed that 97 out of 460 animals were positive by using blocking elisa. the percentage of rvfv infection in cattle, sh ... | 2021 | 33567844 |
| a reassortant g3p12 rotavirus a strain associated with severe enteritis in donkeys (equus asinus). | in contrast to horses, the only evidence suggesting gastrointestinal disease in neonatal donkeys is associated with group a rotaviruses (rvas) is the detection of viral antigens by elisa in just 1 of 82 symptomatic donkey foals. no additional, more comprehensive investigations have been conducted, and rvas if circulating in donkey populations have not been molecularly characterised. | 2021 | 33455000 |
| stabilization of a broadly neutralizing anti-chikungunya virus single domain antibody. | a single domain antibody (clone cc3) previously found to neutralize a vaccine strain of the chikungunya virus (prnt50 = 2. 5 ng/ml) was found to be broadly neutralizing. clone cc3 is not only able to neutralize a wild-type (wt) strain of chikungunya virus (chikv), but also neutralizes wt strains of mayaro virus (mayv) and ross river virus (rrv); both arthralgic, old world alphaviruses. interestingly, cc3 also demonstrated a degree of neutralizing activity against the new world alphavirus, venezu ... | 2021 | 33585527 |
| a monovalent and trivalent mva-based vaccine completely protects mice against lethal venezuelan, western, and eastern equine encephalitis virus aerosol challenge. | venezuelan, eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses (eev) can cause severe disease of the central nervous system in humans, potentially leading to permanent damage or death. yet, no licensed vaccine for human use is available to protect against these mosquito-borne pathogens, which can be aerosolized and therefore pose a bioterror threat in addition to the risk of natural outbreaks. using the mouse aerosol challenge model, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of eev vaccines that ... | 2021 | 33542715 |
| response of uk horse, pony and donkey owners to the early stages of the covid-19 pandemic. | in the uk, march 2020 was a time of great uncertainty as covid-19 became increasingly widespread. the government responded by making suggestions about how people could reduce the risk of spread on 16 march, moved swiftly into closing schools on the 18 march before announcing a mandatory lockdown on the 23rd march. this was a challenging time for uk equestrians who had to balance maintaining their equine's routine and daily care alongside the increasing biosecurity measures. a cross-sectional sur ... | 2021 | 33922408 |
| a hepatitis b virus causes chronic infections in equids worldwide. | preclinical testing of novel therapeutics for chronic hepatitis b (chb) requires suitable animal models. equids host homologs of hepatitis c virus (hcv). because coinfections of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hcv occur in humans, we screened 2,917 specimens from equids from five continents for hbv. we discovered a distinct hbv species (equid hbv, eqhbv) in 3.2% of donkeys and zebras by pcr and antibodies against eqhbv in 5.4% of donkeys and zebras. molecular, histopathological, and biochemical anal ... | 2021 | 33723007 |
| a scoping review of west nile virus seroprevalence studies among african equids. | west nile virus (wnv) is an emerging and re-emerging zoonotic flavivirus first identified in and endemic to africa. the virus is transmitted between birds by biting mosquitoes, with equids and humans being incidental hosts. the majority of infected incidental hosts display no or only mild clinical signs, but a fraction develop encephalitis. the aim of this scoping review was to identify and evaluate primary research on the presence of antibodies to wnv among african equids. three bibliographic d ... | 2021 | 34358049 |
| west nile virus seroprevalence in a selected donkey population of namibia. | west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne virus enzootically maintained in birds. however, it can incidentally infect other species, leading to sometimes severe clinical consequences like in horses and especially human beings. despite the topic relevance, the presence and distribution of wnv are currently unknown in namibia. several countries implement surveillance systems based on virus detection in birds, mosquitoes, and vertebrate species including horses. the present study aimed to fill this ... | 2021 | 34222404 |
| multiplex pcr and 12s rrna gene sequencing for detection of meat adulteration: a case study in the egyptian markets. | recently, dna-based methods have proved to be accurate, fast and sensitive for meat authentication. according to the european union, the food safety standards require accurate and detailed composition information of the meat products. therefore, an accurate, fast and cost-effective identification methodology is needed. in this study, multiplex pcr coupled with 12s rdna sequencing was employed for the detection of meat adulteration in two red meat products (frozen beef liver and cold cut samples, ... | 2021 | 32860900 |
| tissue expression profile, polymorphism of igf1 gene and its effect on body size traits of dezhou donkey. | insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) is a multifunctional cell proliferation regulator that plays a critical role in regulating animal growth and development. in this study, the expression level of igf1 gene in different tissues of dezhou donkey in different periods was investigated by rt-qpcr. meanwhile, two mutation sites were identified within the igf1 gene and its effect on body size traits of dezhou donkey was analysed. the results showed that the expression level of the adult donkey igf1 ge ... | 2021 | 32896588 |