Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| analysis of theileria equi diversity in the gambia using a novel genotyping method. | theileria equi, one of the primary pathogens causing equine piroplasmosis, has previously been sub-classified into a number of clades on the basis of 18s ssu rrna gene sequence diversity. this partitioning of the parasite population has potential implications for host immunity, treatment and vaccine development. to detect and identify different clade genotypes among and within individual equine blood samples, a novel pcr-based technique was designed and optimized. theileria equi has only recentl ... | 2020 | 31845493 |
| laparoscopic ovariectomy in standing mule mares. | mules are hybrids bred from the mating of a jack donkey and a horse mare, known for their strength and resistance and still used to work in agriculture. although they have been for long considered sterile, evidence of estrus cycle has been demonstrated together with abnormal behavior related to ovarian activity. in this study, a bilateral standing laparoscopic ovariectomy technique using the ligasure technology was applied in 10 mare mules for treating unwanted behavioral patterns. the technique ... | 2020 | 31864467 |
| leptin receptor gene polymorphisms in some turkish donkey populations. | leptin receptor is a fundamental regulator in physiological functions of the regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis, immune function, and reproduction as well as on ovarian follicular cells on the placenta and lactating mammary glands. the aim of this study was to investigate the lepr gene polymorphism in 60 donkeys reared in thrace region of turkey. a 585 bp long partial intron 6, exon 7, intron 7, and exon 8 regions of lepr gene were amplified, and polymerase chain reaction products ana ... | 2020 | 31864461 |
| genetic characterization of piroplasms in donkeys and horses from nigeria. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) is a tick-borne disease of equids, caused by the two haemoprotozoal parasites: theileria equi and babesia caballi. nigeria constitutes a major crossroads of animal transport in west africa and may serve as a factor in ep dissemination in the region. the study aim was to characterize ep parasites in donkeys and horses in northern nigeria using a molecular approach. blood was collected from 57 donkeys and 47 horses. ep infection was detected and characterized by polymeras ... | 2020 | 32085574 |
| mortality and operational attributes relative to feral horse and burro capture techniques based on publicly available data from 2010-2019. | management of excessive feral horse (equus ferus caballus) and burro (equus asinus) populations in the united states and globally has been a controversial subject for decades. i reviewed all available us federal feral horse and burro daily gather reports from 2010 to 2019 to extract equine species, technique (bait trapping or helicopter gathering), reason (emergency or other), number gathered, number of mortalities, and mortality attributes (acute or chronic/pre-existing condition, specific caus ... | 2020 | 32067672 |
| evaluation of a marketed polyherbal dewormer against intestinal strongyles in naturally infected donkeys. | the study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available polyherbal dewormer to control intestinal strongyles in naturally infected donkeys. the animals were allotted to two groups: treated with the herbal dewormer (n=8) according to manufacturer recommendations and untreated control group (n=6). fecal samples were taken from each animal on days 0 (day of treatment), 14, 21 (day of second additional treatment), 35, and 42. faecal egg count reduction tests showed very negligible or no re ... | 2020 | 32063744 |
| infestation rate of lice on donkeys in northeast tunisia. | the present survey was carried out during autumn 2013 (september, october and november) in five localities of jendouba district. a total number of 300 donkeys were examined and all present ectoparasites found on animals were collected and examined under stereomicroscope. the infestation rate by lice was estimated to 12.7% (38/300) there was no difference between infestation rates in males (11.5%; 22/192) and females (14.8%; 16/108). the highest infestation rate was observed in donkeys aged betwe ... | 2020 | 32057395 |
| development and validation of a rapid kit for authenticity of murine meat in meat products with a species-specific pcr assay. | adulteration of meat products with murine meat poses a huge threat to consumer health and leads to serious disruption in food markets. species authentication of murine meat is still technically challenging. we, therefore, developed a species-specific pcr kit consisting of murine meat dna extraction, pcr reaction and identifying systems. we designed novel universal primers targeting highly conserved region on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) from four murines (lab rats, lab mice, wild rat ... | 2020 | 32039648 |
| doppler evaluation of renal resistivity index in healthy conscious horses and donkeys. | the renal resistive index (rri) is used as a measurement of downstream resistance in arteries. the aim of this study was to assess the rri of the arcuate arteries by pulsed-wave doppler ultrasonography in healthy conscious horses and donkeys, and to verify any differences related to age, breed, bodyweight (bw) or body condition (bcs). thirty-three healthy conscious horses and nine donkeys had their systolic and diastolic flow velocities at the level of the arcuate arteries estimated by pulsed-wa ... | 2020 | 32027703 |
| the recycling of the expired donkey-hide gelatin pulp for n/s co-doped hollow carbon nano-spheres anode in sodium ion battery. | how to reasonably manage and reutilize the waste expired liquid medicines has always been a puzzling public concern. for this reason, the waste expired medicine of donkey-hide gelatin pulp was recycled by hydrothermal carbonization and hard template for n/s co-doped hard carbon material, and its electrochemical na-storage performances were also evaluated. the results showed that the resultant n/s co-doped hard carbon material manifested the morphology of hollow nano-spheres with the mean diamete ... | 2020 | 32026369 |
| zoonotic potential of enterocytozoon bieneusi and giardia duodenalis in horses and donkeys in northern china. | limited data are available on infection rates and genetic identity of enterocytozoon bieneusi and giardia duodenalis in horses and donkeys. in this study, 865 fecal specimens were collected from donkeys (n = 540) and horses (n = 325) in three provinces and autonomous regions in northern china during 2015-2019. enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected and genotyped by pcr and sequence analyses of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) and g. duodenalis was detected and genotyped by pcr and s ... | 2020 | 32006227 |
| superstition, misconceptions, and magical beliefs in burns patients-a cross-sectional study of 100 patients. | superstitious beliefs have been frequently encountered in our day-to-day practices among patients and caretakers. though this is a common phenomenon, there is a paucity of data pertaining to these beliefs due to various reasons. many of these beliefs are deep engraved into the culture and mindsets of the population. this is an observational study performed in tertiary burn care center in india during period october 1, 2018 to january 31, 2019. data from 100 patient units were collected through a ... | 2020 | 31996923 |
| development of a real-time pcr assay for the detection of donkey (equus asinus) meat in meat mixtures treated under different processing conditions. | in this study, a donkey-specific primer pair and probe were designed from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for the detection of raw donkey meat and different processed meat mixtures. the pcr product size for donkey dna was 99 bp, and primer specificity was verified using 20 animal species. the limit of detection (lod) was examined by serially diluting donkey dna. using real-time pcr, 0.001 ng of donkey dna could be detected. in addition, binary meat mixtures with various percentages of donkey mea ... | 2020 | 31991914 |
| serological and molecular detection of selected hemoprotozoan parasites in donkeys in west omdurman, khartoum state, sudan. | in sudan, donkeys are important animals, providing transportation and income possibilities. however, the prevalence of parasites in donkeys in sudan has not been thoroughly characterized. accordingly, in this study, we aimed to detect selected hemoprotozoan parasites in donkeys in west omdurman, khartoum state, sudan, wherein people depend mainly on donkeys for their daily life. in total, 198 blood samples collected from donkeys in a local market in west omdurman, were screened using serological ... | 2020 | 31969541 |
| seminal plasma has limited counteracting effects following induction of oxidative stress in donkey spermatozoa. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the response of donkey spermatozoa to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, and to determine whether the presence of seminal plasma modulates the sperm response to that stress. nine ejaculates were collected, extended in skim milk extender and split into two aliquots. seminal plasma was removed from the first but not second aliquot. samples were subsequently split into four aliquots supplemented with different concentrations of commercial hydrogen p ... | 2020 | 31962061 |
| comparative effect of epidural administration of xylazine or dexmedetomidine on echocardiographic dimensions and cardiac indices in clinically healthy donkeys (equus asinus). | the aim of the present study was to assess and compare the changes of the echocardiographic dimensions and cardiac function indices after epidural injection of xylazine or dexmedetomidine in clinically healthy donkeys. in an experimental prospective randomized cross-over study, 10 healthy adult donkeys were injected with saline solution, xylazine (0.20 mg kg-1), and dexmedetomidine (0.005 mg kg-1) into the epidural space between the second and third coccygeal vertebrae. echocardiographic dimensi ... | 2020 | 31952632 |
| prevalence of trypanosoma evansi in livestock in palestine. | trypanosoma evansi is the causative agent of surra, a disease that occurs in many animal species. the disease is responsible for substantial losses in global production and can be fatal if not diagnosed early. this study aims to determine the prevalence of t. evansi in livestock, equids and dromedary camels in palestine. | 2020 | 31931864 |
| molecular and genomic characterization of a novel equine molluscum contagiosum-like virus. | cases of pox-like lesions in horses and donkeys have been associated with poxviruses belonging to different genera of the family poxviridae. these include the orthopoxviruses vaccinia virus (vacv), horsepoxvirus (hpxv) and cowpoxvirus (cpxv), as well as a potentially novel parapoxvirus and molluscum contagiosum virus (mocv). however, with the exception of vacv, hpxv and cpxv, the genomic characterization of the causative agents remains largely elusive with only single short genome fragments avai ... | 2020 | 31922947 |
| the continental atlas of tsetse and african animal trypanosomosis in nigeria. | tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis remains a major animal health problem in nigeria, in a context where changes in land cover, climate and control interventions are modifying its epidemiological patterns. evidence-based decision making for the progressive control of the disease requires spatially-explicit information on its occurrence and prevalence, as well as on the distribution and abundance of the tsetse vector. in the framework of the continental atlas of tsetse and african animal trypanosom ... | 2020 | 31904345 |
| diagnostic orientation values for acth and other parameters for clinically healthy donkeys and mules (insulin, triglycerides, glucose, fructosamines, and ɣ-gt). | pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction is the most prevalent endocrine disease in horses. although donkeys and mules may also be affected, only a few data have been published. reference values for diagnostic parameters, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), are especially scarce or even lacking. therefore, in the present study, available data from the literature have been verified and completed to facilitate a reliable diagnosis. clinical inspections and haematological and biochemical exami ... | 2020 | 31900994 |
| structural analysis of glycosaminoglycans from colla corii asini by liquid chromatography-electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. | colla corii asini (cca) made from donkey-hide has been widely used as a traditional animal-based chinese medicine. chondroitin sulfate (cs), dermatan sulfate (ds) and hyaluronic acid (ha) are structurally complex classes of glycosaminoglycans (gags) that have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. however, their possible structural characteristics in cca are not clear. in this study, gag fractions containing cs/ds and ha were isolated from cca and their disaccharide compositio ... | 2020 | 31900724 |
| comparative analysis of whey proteins in donkey colostrum and mature milk using quantitative proteomics. | donkey milk is attracting increasing attention as a nutritional milk source similar to human milk. in this study, we carried out qualitative and quantitative analysis of the donkey whey proteome using a label-free proteomic approach, combined with parallel reaction monitoring (prm) as a validation method. a total of 300 whey proteins were identified in donkey colostrum (dc) and donkey mature (dm) milk, of which 18 were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) between the two types of milk. gene ontol ... | 2020 | 31882075 |
| kinematic, bioenergetic and oxidative evaluations of donkey sperm preserved at +4°c. | information on donkey sperm bioenergetics, kinetics and oxidative status is scarce even though crucial for development of reproductive technologies and germplasm conservation. for these reasons, it is interesting to monitor sperm kinetics, bioenergetics, and oxidative status during sperm storage at +4°c and with several sperm extenders and concentrations. donkey semen was collected from three jackasses, three times each. it was diluted with four extenders (kenney, equiplus, inra96 or hippex), se ... | 2020 | 32285764 |
| evaluation of xylazine-alfaxalone anesthesia for field castration in donkey foals. | to evaluate the anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine-alfaxalone anesthesia in donkey foals undergoing field castration. | 2020 | 32278647 |
| sequence characterization and n-glycoproteomics of secretory immunoglobulin a from donkey milk. | secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) is the major antibody present in the human milk where it confers passive immunity to neonates. other than human, non-ruminants such as equine, swine etc., also possess siga in milk but detailed characterization is limited. in the present study, we characterized siga from donkey milk for amino acid sequence and n-glycosylation through lc-ms/ms analysis. the complete amino acid sequence of alpha chain constant region (ch) was elucidated. the sequence analysis of v ... | 2020 | 32251747 |
| effects of red-light irradiation on the function and survival of fresh and liquid-stored donkey semen. | this study sought to determine whether sperm irradiation using a light emission diode (led) at 620-630 nm affects the motility, membrane integrity (viability), mitochondrial activity and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) in fresh diluted and liquid-stored donkey semen. with this purpose, sixteen ejaculates (eight fresh diluted and eight cooled-stored) were collected from eight adult jackasses. fresh semen samples were diluted in kenney extender and stimulated with red-light a ... | 2020 | 32247951 |
| genotypes and haplotype combination of acsl3 gene sequence variants is associated with growth traits in dezhou donkey. | exploring molecular markers related to economic traits of livestock is of great significance to breeding. long-chain fatty acid coa synthetase (acsl) plays a crucial role in lipid synthesis and metabolism, which may affect animal growth. this study was to investigate the polymorphism of acsl gene and its association with the growth trait of the donkey. three insertions and two deletions were detected on the introns of acsl3 gene in 450 dezhou donkeys using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. aft ... | 2020 | 32217139 |
| purification of animal immunoglobulin g (igg) using peptoid affinity ligands. | the availability of highly pure animal antibodies is critical in the production of diagnostic tools and biosensors. the peptoid pl16, previously isolated from an ensemble of peptoid variants of the igg-binding peptide hwrgwv, was utilized in this work as affinity ligand on workbeads resin for the purification of immunoglobulin g (igg) from a variety of mammalian sources and chicken immunoglobulin y (igy). the chromatographic protocol initially optimized for murine serum and ascites was subsequen ... | 2020 | 32216050 |
| molecular detection and identification of leishmania dna and blood meal analysis in phlebotomus (larroussius) species. | phlebotomus (larroussius) perniciosus and canis familiaris are respectively the only confirmed vector and reservoir for the transmission of leishmania (l.) infantum mon-1 in tunisia. however, the vector and reservoir hosts of the two other zymodemes, mon-24 and mon-80, are still unknown. the aim of this study was to analyze the l. infantum life cycle in a tunisian leishmaniasis focus. for this purpose, we have focused on: i) the detection, quantification and identification of leishmania among th ... | 2020 | 32214313 |
| seroprevalence of brucella antibodies in donkeys (equus asinus) in yobe south senatorial zone, northeastern nigeria. | a cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors influencing the presence of brucella spp. antibodies in donkeys in yobe south senatorial zone, nigeria. the study was aimed at determining the importance of brucella spp. infection in donkeys (equus asinus). a total of 200 sera samples from of 105 males and 95 female donkeys were collected and screened for brucellosis using the rose bengal plate test (rbpt) and the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ... | 2020 | 32206033 |
| evaluation of acquired passive immunity in mule foals up to 60 days of age. | ten mule foals were used to investigate serum igg concentration. blood was collected from mares and foals on the day following parturition (d1), at 48 and 72 hr after birth (d2 and d3), and on d7, d14, d21, d28, d35, d42, and d60. serum igg concentration was determined by zinc sulfate turbidity test and was above 400 mg/dl at all time points, except for one foal on d2. mean values were above 800 mg/dl from d1 to d7 and at d60. the difference between mares and foals at each collection time was si ... | 2020 | 32206032 |
| variation in disease phenotype is marked in equine trypanosomiasis. | equine trypanosomiasis is a severe and prevalent disease that has the greatest impact globally upon working equids due to its distribution across lower income countries. morbidity and mortality rates are high; disease management strategies in endemic regions are ineffective and cost prohibitive. individual variation in disease phenotype in other species suggests host factors could reveal novel treatment and control targets but has not been investigated in equids. | 2020 | 32199454 |
| donkey milk inhibits triple-negative breast tumor progression and is associated with increased cleaved-caspase-3 expression. | donkey milk is considered an ideal substitute for human milk and is considered a potential complementary dairy product for the treatment of a variety of human diseases, including cancer. the purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of donkey colostrum (dc) and mature milk (dm) on 4t1 triple-negative breast cancer (tnbc) tumors in mice. metabolomics analyses showed that a total of 476 possible metabolites were found in both types of milk. among them, 34 differential metaboli ... | 2020 | 32191229 |
| cross-anatomical, radiographic and computed tomographic study of the stifle joint of donkeys (equus africanus asinus). | the present investigation was conducted to provide a full anatomical description of the stifle joint of donkeys using 3d computed tomography imaging technique, in addition to the classic anatomical methods, such as radiography and cross-anatomical sectioning. the radiography and ct imaging of stifle joint were interpreted in comparison with cross-sectional anatomical sections. volume-rendering reconstruction techniques (3d-ct) were used to describe the anatomical structure of stifle joint. the u ... | 2020 | 32175631 |
| banat donkey, a neglected donkey breed from the central balkans (serbia). | the dominant donkey breed in the balkans is the mid-sized balkan donkey with a grey to chocolate coat color. local breeders from serbia, however, still maintain a few larger individuals of a lighter coat color, named banat donkey, and speculate that they are descendants of a spanish donkey heard that had been transferred to the banat region by the hapsburg queen maria theresa in the xviii century for a specific purpose, to work in local vineyards. we have previously found a unique nuclear gene-p ... | 2020 | 32175186 |
| a cross-sectional survey of foaling-related parameters of jennies (equus asinus) under smallholder farm conditions in northeast china. | it is important to assess the reproductive efficiency and improve the reproductive management to promote the donkey population development. the overall foaling-related parameters of jennies under smallholder farm conditions in china were hardly under investigation. a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected 694 smallholder farms was conducted in 40 villages in the north, east, and south areas of western liaoning province and eastern inner mongolia autonomous region between march and july, 201 ... | 2020 | 32172918 |
| performance of host-associated genetic markers for microbial source tracking in china. | numerous genetic markers have been developed to establish microbial source tracking (mst) assays in the last decade. however, the selection of suitable markers is challenging due to a lack of understanding of fundamental factors such as sensitivity, specificity, and concentration in target/nontarget hosts, especially in east asia. in this study, a total of 506 faecal samples comprised of human and 12 nonhuman hosts were collected from 28 cities across china and tested for marker performance char ... | 2020 | 32171096 |
| first highly sensitive and specific competitive elisa for detection of bovine besnoitiosis with potential as a multi-species test. | serological cross-reactions represent a serious problem in some currently available tests to diagnose besnoitia infections in many species including cattle, caribou and donkeys. false-positive results are due to the low positive-predictive value of these serological tests for besnoitiosis. these tests therefore have clear limitations if large herds are screened in areas with low prevalence, since increased numbers of false-positive reactions require confirmatory testing by alternative serologica ... | 2020 | 32169472 |
| biochemical characterisation and application of keratinase from bacillus thuringiensis mt1 to enable valorisation of hair wastes through biosynthesis of vitamin b-complex. | this study reports on the exploitation of keratinous hydrolysate by keratinase enzymes to produce vitamin b-complex. toward this end, keratinase enzyme was produced by bacillus thuringiensis strain mt1, newly isolated from cattle-yard utilising donkey hairs. scanning electron microscope (sem) and fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (ftir) analyses demonstrated hairs disintegration and the disruption of the disulphide bonds of the keratin structure, respectively. the biochemical characte ... | 2020 | 32151720 |
| the prevalence of uveitis in a population of donkeys in the uk. | uveitis is reported to be a leading cause of blindness in horses. little work has been undertaken to date to investigate whether donkeys are affected by a similar disease prevalence. | 2020 | 32145036 |
| col2a1 and caspase-3 as promising biomarkers for osteoarthritis prognosis in an equus asinus model. | osteoarthritis (oa) is one of the most degenerative joint diseases in both human and veterinary medicine. the objective of the present study was the early diagnosis of oa in donkeys using a reliable grading of the disease based on clinical, chemical, and molecular alterations. oa was induced by intra-articular injection of 25 mg monoiodoacetate (mia) as a single dose into the left radiocarpal joint of nine donkeys. animals were clinically evaluated through the assessment of lameness score, radio ... | 2020 | 32111016 |
| childhood horse and donkey bites; a single tertiary health center experience in a rural area. | the aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of patients presenting to a pediatric emergency department in a rural province of turkey due to horse and donkey bites and to analyze whether these features differ from those of more common animal bites in rural areas. | 2020 | 32110542 |
| monitoring acute pain in donkeys with the equine utrecht university scale for donkeys composite pain assessment (equus-donkey-compass) and the equine utrecht university scale for donkey facial assessment of pain (equus-donkey-fap). | objective pain assessment in donkeys is of vital importance for improving welfare in a species that is considered stoic. this study presents the construction and testing of two pain scales, the equine utrecht university scale for donkey composite pain assessment (equus-donkey-compass) and the equine utrecht university scale for donkey facial assessment of pain (equus-donkey-fap), in donkeys with acute pain. a cohort follow-up study using 264 adult donkeys (n = 12 acute colic, n = 25 acute orthop ... | 2020 | 32098391 |
| equine milk production and valorization of marginal areas-a review. | the equine dairy chain is renewing the interest toward horse and donkey breeding for the production of milk with potential health promoting properties. the dairy equine chain for human consumption could contribute to the rural eco-sustainable development for the micro-economies of those areas threatened by marginalization. as a part of the whole equine industry, and its possible impact in the modern and future society, the main traits of the equine dairy enterprise are reviewed with a special fo ... | 2020 | 32098374 |
| efficacy and safety of native and recombinant zona pellucida immunocontraceptive vaccines in donkeys. | feral and semi-feral donkeys are recognised as a problem in some world regions. the main problem associated with uncontrolled donkey populations is habitat degradation and competition for feed resources, especially in arid climes. controlling population numbers would reduce the impact of donkeys and other species. while removal by various means is effective, it has been shown to stimulate reproductive rate. probably the most effective and humane solution is reducing reproduction using minimally ... | 2020 | 32417608 |
| cultural "blind spots," social influence and the welfare of working donkeys in brick kilns in northern india. | non-governmental organizations (ngos) work across the globe to improve the welfare of working equids. despite decades of veterinary and other interventions, welfare issues persist with equids working in brick kilns. engagement with all stakeholders is integral to creating abiding improvements to working equid welfare as interventions based purely on reactive measures fail to provide sustainable solutions. equid owners, particularly those in low to middle-income countries (lmics), may have issues ... | 2020 | 32411736 |
| persian onager (equus hemionus onager) endometrial explant cryopreservation and in vitro culture. | assisted reproduction of endangered equids, such as persian onagers (equus hemionus onager), is vital for species conservation. little is known about persian onager reproductive functions, including functions of the uterine endometrium. recently, successful cryopreservation of the domestic mare endometrium was reported, but there is no information on cryo-sensitivity or in vitro culture of endometrial tissues of any non-domestic equid. in the present study, endometrial explants from persian onag ... | 2020 | 32408971 |
| identification and comparative analysis of long non-coding rna in the skeletal muscle of two dezhou donkey strains. | long non-coding rna (lncrna) has been extensively studied in many livestock. however, compared with other livestock breeds, there is less research regarding donkey lncrna function. it has been reported that lncrna plays an important role in the timing control of development, aging, and death of livestock. therefore, the study of donkey skeletal muscle lncrna is of great significance for exploring donkey meat production performance. in this study, rna-seq was used to perform high-throughput seque ... | 2020 | 32375413 |
| favorable effect of creams with skimmed donkey milk encapsulated in nanoliposomes on skin physiology. | the use of donkey milk has a long history in external dermal application for cosmetic and medical purposes. the encapsulation of different drugs into nanoliposomes and nutrients may have many benefits for the delivery of the targeted substance. the aim of the present study is to test creams with nanoliposomes encapsulated with skimmed donkey milk, reported in our registered patent, compared with effect of the placebo cream and the untreated skin. to investigate the effect of formulated cream, we ... | 2020 | 32372458 |
| documenting the welfare and role of working equids in rural communities of portugal and spain. | recently, the need for a more holistic approach to welfare assessment has been highlighted. this is particularly pertinent in the case of working equids who provide vital support for human livelihoods, often in low- to middle-income countries, yet suffer from globally low standards of welfare. this study aimed to provide insight into the welfare status and traditional use of working equids in rural western european communities using the new ears welfare tool, designed to provide a broad view of ... | 2020 | 32370244 |
| one-step warming does not affect the in vitro viability and cryosurvival of cryotop-vitrified donkey embryos. | the objective of this study was to compare the effects of two warming protocols (three-step vs. one-step dilution) on embryo quality, post-warming embryo survival and embryo cell viability of donkey embryos vitrified by the cryotop method. twenty, day 7-8, grade 1-2 donkey embryos were measured, morphologically evaluated and vitrified using the cryotop technique. embryos were then randomly warmed using two different warming procedures: (i) w3 (three-step dilution; n = 11): embryos were warmed in ... | 2020 | 32361488 |
| comparative exploration of free fatty acids in donkey colostrum and mature milk based on a metabolomics approach. | donkey milk is an ideal substitute for human milk owing to its similar composition. nevertheless, changes in the composition and related metabolic pathways of free fatty acids (ffa) in donkey milk between colostrum and mature milk have not been studied well. in this study, metabolomic methods based on gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc-tof-ms) were used to explore and compare ffa in donkey colostrum (dc) and mature milk (dmm). a total of 24 ffa were characterized and ... | 2020 | 32359984 |
| in vitro inhibiting effects of three fungal species on eggs of donkey gastrointestinal strongyles. | recently, donkeys have gained popularity mainly due to the use of donkey milk by the cosmetic industry and for human consumption. gastrointestinal strongyles (gis) are considered a potential cause of disease and reduced production in infected donkeys. european laws limit the use of anthelmintic drugs for the control of gis in dairy donkey farms, thus the need to develop alternative control methods. this study aimed to test the in vitro inhibiting effects of three chitin degrading fungi (scopular ... | 2020 | 32344915 |
| detection of the epidemic of the h3n8 subtype of the equine influenza virus in large-scale donkey farms. | to monitor the occurrence of equine influenza in large-scale donkey farms in liaocheng city, shandong province, serological investigation and sequence analysis of ha/m protein gene of equine influenza virus (eiv) were carried out. samples (n = 65) of the lung and nasal swab were collected in six different large-scale donkey farms and detected with rt-pcr for ha and m protein gene. the homology and evolution of ha and m genes were analysed with known sequences. antibody titres of serum samples (n ... | 2020 | 32341914 |
| the potential for new donkey farming systems to supply the growing demand for hides. | the demand for donkey hides for ejiao, a traditional chinese medicine, has resulted in rapidly increasing prices for donkey hides and donkeys. this has put pressure on donkey populations globally and has implications for donkey welfare and the livelihoods of those who rely on donkeys as working animals. the aim of the research was to explore the feasibility of setting up new donkey farming systems to supply the rising demand for ejiao using a system dynamics model of donkey production. results s ... | 2020 | 32326062 |
| [new drugs for horses and production animals in 2019]. | in 2019, one novel pharmaceutical agent for horses or food-producing animals was released on the german market: an injection suspension for horses containing chondrogenic-induced equine allogeneic peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells as the active ingredient (articell® forte) is now available. two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became accessible for additional species: a salicylanilide anthelmintic oxyclozanide (distocur®) for the treatment and control of fas ... | 2020 | 32325500 |
| nano-depletion of acrosome-damaged donkey sperm by using lectin peanut agglutinin (pna)-magnetic nanoparticles. | lectin is considered as a suitable biomarker for nano-depletion of acrosome-damaged sperm. the aim of this study was to synthetize magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) coated by peanut (arachis hypogaea) agglutinin lectin (pna) and investigate its beneficial effect in improving of sperm characteristics. mnps were obtained by co-precipitation method, functionalized with chitosan and coated by pna at a concentration of 0.04 mg/ml. semen was frozen either with glycerol-based or sucrose-based extenders. fr ... | 2020 | 32325322 |
| novel findings from a beta coronavirus outbreak on an american miniature horse breeding farm in upstate new york. | this case report describes an outbreak and novel findings associated with a beta coronavirus (bcov) infection that occurred on an american miniature horse (amh) breeding farm in upstate new york, in january and february of 2013. twenty-nine amh and one donkey were present on the farm when the outbreak occurred. one 10-year-old quarter horse mare, stabled at a separate location and owned by an employee of the farm, also tested positive. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of ... | 2020 | 32313400 |
| a missense mutation in asip is associated with light point variation in donkeys. | 2020 | 32311147 | |
| computer aided sperm analysis (casa) in domestic animals: current status, three d tracking and flagellar analysis. | computer aided sperm analysis is currently well established in domestic animals. apart from sperm concentration and sperm motility assessment (percentage groupings, kinematics groupings) sperm morphology, sperm viability, sperm fragmentation and the acrosome reaction are automated as part of modern casa systems. this review cum new original research paper focuses on providing baseline data on sperm concentration and motility in common domestic species of animals of proven fertility including bul ... | 2020 | 32305213 |
| novel streptococcus equi strains causing strangles outbreaks in arabian horses in egypt. | strangles displays a major challenge to veterinary medicine worldwide. however, no data on streptococcus equi subsp. equi (s. equi) m protein alleles have been reported so far from arabian horses. we report here for the first time the s. equi sem alleles causing strangles in arabian horses, and the associated risk factors for the disease. duplicate samples from one hundred arabian horses with acute strangles in confirmed outbreaks and sporadic cases were analysed by phenotypic methods and multip ... | 2020 | 32304282 |
| gross anatomical, radiographic and doppler sonographic approach to the infra-auricular parotid region in donkey (equus asinus). | the present study was performed on 12 heads of donkey's cadavers of both sexes for different anatomic techniques and on 20 live adult donkeys for ultrasonographic approaches of local anesthetic techniques. the aim was to achieve safe desensitization of the ear canal and tympanic membrane in addition to measuring different parameters of the structures occupying the infra-auricular parotid region. the internal auricular nerve was divided into two fine branches and constituting, at its origin, a ch ... | 2020 | 32303329 |
| reference values and repeatability of b-mode and m-mode echocardiographic parameters in healthy donkey (equus asinus)-the guide to assess healthy heart. | donkey (equus asinus), the cheapest form of agricultural power in egypt, is used principally as draught or pack animals and may also be ridden, or used for threshing, raising water, milling, and other work. the aim of the present study was to provide b-mode and m-mode echocardiographic reference ranges from a sample of population of donkeys (e. asinus) based on the probability theory and statistics. in the present study, b-mode and 2-dimensional guided m-mode echocardiography were performed on 4 ... | 2020 | 32303309 |
| morphological and imaging evaluation of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in healthy and lame donkeys. | the donkey is of socio-economic value yet imaging techniques in both healthy and abnormal limbs are a limiting factor in research and medicine. the objective was to determine anatomical features of both healthy and clinically abnormal donkey metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints (n = 13) using anatomical dissection, casting, x-ray and computed tomography. the joint capsule contained two palmar/plantar and two dorsal recesses. the proximal-palmar or plantar recess was larger than the ... | 2020 | 32303299 |
| long-term successful treatment of a donkey with cutaneous lupus erythematous with methotrexate. | cutaneous lupus erythematosus (cle) is a rare immune-mediated dermatitis. to the best of the authors' knowledge it has not been described in donkeys. a 5-year-old male neutered donkey, living in south-east france, was diagnosed with cle. clinical signs included generalized symmetrical areas of alopecia, erythema, crusting and scales. diagnostic tests included examination of skin biopsy samples by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis which demonstrated an interface dermatitis with c ... | 2020 | 32293082 |
| factors associated with the prevalence of antibodies against theileria equi in equids of western pará, brazil. | the state of pará has one of the largest herds of equids (horse, donkey and mule) in brazil, most of these animals are found on cattle farms. equine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the parasite theileria equi and is characterized by fever, anaemia, icterus, intravascular haemolysis, haemoglobinuria, spleen and hepatomegaly, and even death. the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against t. equi in equids in the western region of the state of pará, brazil, ... | 2020 | 31286674 |
| long-term treatment with naproxen changes the chemical coding of the porcine intramural duodenum neurons. | due to numerous therapeutic applications and high availability, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are the most widely used drugs worldwide. however, long-term use of these drugs can lead to damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa. the enteric nervous system (ens), which is part of the autonomic nervous system, controls most aspects of gastrointestinal activity. enteric neurons are characterized by considerable chemical plasticity and the appearance of a pathological factor results in ... | 2020 | 31610253 |
| in vitro evaluation of probiotic potential and safety assessment of lactobacillus mucosae strains isolated from donkey's lactation. | the study, for the first time, reports the efficacy, safety and probiotic properties of two lactobacillus mucosae strains, lact. mucosae srv5 and lact. mucosae srv10 isolated from donkey milk. all major in vitro screening assays were employed to evaluate studied strains. both strains displayed good survivability at gastric ph 2.0, 0.3% bile and simulated oro-gastrointestinal fluid (above 88%). also, cultures demonstrated good cell surface hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation ability, clearly indi ... | 2020 | 31713771 |
| relation between apgar scoring and physical parameters in 44 newborn amiata donkey foals at birth. | the assessment of the behavior and physiological parameters of neonatal foals is essential in the detection of early signs of illness. modified apgar scoring systems from human medicine exist and have been validated in foals as a guide for assessing neonatal viability after birth. this study evaluated the viability of 44 amiata donkey foals at birth, by assessing the apgar score and comparing the relationship between viability and various physical parameters. a total of 44 amiata donkey foals an ... | 2020 | 31711687 |
| comparative metabolomics analysis of donkey colostrum and mature milk using ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | donkey milk has been widely shown to be an ideal substitute for human milk because of its similar composition. however, alterations to the composition of donkey milk during lactation have not been well studied. in this study, untargeted metabolomics with ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to analyze and compare the metabolites in donkey colostrum (dc) and mature milk (dmm). two hundred seventy metabolites were characterized i ... | 2020 | 31677837 |
| epidemiological study of equine piroplasmosis (theileria equi and babesia caballi) by microscopic examination and competitive-elisa in erbil province north-iraq. | equine piroplasmosis is a major tick-borne disease that can lead to serious health problems and economic losses in horse industry. the aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of theileria equi and babesia caballi in different species of equus namely (horse, mule, donkey and pony) by giemsa stained blood films and competitive elisa. | 2020 | 31673258 |
| comparative expression of cell adhesion molecule1 (cadm1) in the testes of experimental mice and some farm animals. | cell adhesion molecule1 (cadm1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (igsf) that has been found in mammalian testis and plays a substantial role in cell-to-cell interaction via either hemophilic (between spermatogenic cells) or heterophilic (between spermatogenic and somatic sertoli cells) binding. the present study investigated the immunohistochemical localization of cadm1 in the testes of adult mice (mus musculus), as well as sexually mature bull (bos taurus), camel (camelus dromedari ... | 2020 | 31635798 |
| genetic characteristics of theileria equi in zebras, wild and domestic donkeys in israel and the palestinian authority. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) is an important tick-borne disease of equids, caused by theileria equi and babesia caballi. it is endemic in most parts of the world, including israel, and has clinical and economic consequences. this study was set to evaluate the presence of ep parasites in domestic donkeys and in wild equids in israel and the palestinian authority (pa). to assess subclinical ep infection in 98 domestic donkeys (equus africanus asinus), 9 asiatic wild donkeys (equus hemionus), 8 zebras ... | 2020 | 31537490 |
| dezhou donkey (equus asinus) milk a potential treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes. | donkey (equus asinus) milk has become a medical and nutrient product since ancient times. in addition, donkey milk was regarded as a medicinal food and substitute product for infant formula in some ancient western countries. chinese ancient medical books documented the medicinal value of donkey milk, using donkey milk to treat diabetes, cough and jaundice. | 2020 | 31494203 |
| anthelmintic activity of crude powder and crude aqueous extract of trachyspermum ammi on gastrointestinal nematodes in donkey (equus asinus): an in vivo study. | trachyspermum ammi has been used traditionally as a popular ethnobotanical plant in human and animal parasitic infestations. few scientific studies have been conducted on in vitro anthelmintic activity of t. ammi against various helminths and there is no study on its in vivo/in vitro anthelmintic properties against equine helminths. | 2020 | 31557509 |
| prevalence of skin wounds in working donkeys in bukombe, tanzania. | preventable wounds are a common welfare issue in working donkeys in many countries. in the bukombe district of tanzania, there are estimated to be 3000 working donkeys, used primarily to transport loads for direct income generation. for historical reasons, oxen-yoke carts are used; their design is inappropriate for donkeys and results in serious neck wounds. the project aim was to assess the prevalence and nature of wounds in working donkeys. | 2020 | 31554710 |
| establishment and application of a 10-plex liquid bead array for the simultaneous rapid detection of animal species. | meat fraud and adulteration incidents occur frequently in almost all regions of the globe, especially with the increase in the world's population. to ensure the authenticity of meat products, we developed a 10-plex xmap assay to simultaneously detect ten animal materials: bovine, caprine, poultry, swine, donkey, deer, horse, dog, fox and mink. | 2020 | 31584699 |
| multiplex pcr and 12s rrna gene sequencing for detection of meat adulteration: a case study in the egyptian markets. | recently, dna-based methods have proved to be accurate, fast and sensitive for meat authentication. according to the european union, the food safety standards require accurate and detailed composition information of the meat products. therefore, an accurate, fast and cost-effective identification methodology is needed. in this study, multiplex pcr coupled with 12s rdna sequencing was employed for the detection of meat adulteration in two red meat products (frozen beef liver and cold cut samples, ... | 2021 | 32860900 |
| tissue expression profile, polymorphism of igf1 gene and its effect on body size traits of dezhou donkey. | insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) is a multifunctional cell proliferation regulator that plays a critical role in regulating animal growth and development. in this study, the expression level of igf1 gene in different tissues of dezhou donkey in different periods was investigated by rt-qpcr. meanwhile, two mutation sites were identified within the igf1 gene and its effect on body size traits of dezhou donkey was analysed. the results showed that the expression level of the adult donkey igf1 ge ... | 2021 | 32896588 |
| active equine parvovirus-hepatitis infection is most frequently detected in austrian horses of advanced age. | equine parvovirus-hepatitis (eqpv-h) research is in its infancy. information regarding prevalence, geographical distribution, genetic diversity, pathogenesis and risk factors enhances understanding of this potentially fatal infection. | 2021 | 33704819 |
| epidemiology and serological detection of rift valley fever disease in farm animals in southern egypt. | in this study, the serological surveillance of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in southern egypt was carried out for 460 serum samples collected from domestic animals (unvaccinated), including cattle, sheep, goat, camel and donkey reared in three different provinces (qena, luxor and aswan). enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect rvfv antibodies. the results showed that 97 out of 460 animals were positive by using blocking elisa. the percentage of rvfv infection in cattle, sh ... | 2021 | 33567844 |
| a reassortant g3p12 rotavirus a strain associated with severe enteritis in donkeys (equus asinus). | in contrast to horses, the only evidence suggesting gastrointestinal disease in neonatal donkeys is associated with group a rotaviruses (rvas) is the detection of viral antigens by elisa in just 1 of 82 symptomatic donkey foals. no additional, more comprehensive investigations have been conducted, and rvas if circulating in donkey populations have not been molecularly characterised. | 2021 | 33455000 |
| stabilization of a broadly neutralizing anti-chikungunya virus single domain antibody. | a single domain antibody (clone cc3) previously found to neutralize a vaccine strain of the chikungunya virus (prnt50 = 2. 5 ng/ml) was found to be broadly neutralizing. clone cc3 is not only able to neutralize a wild-type (wt) strain of chikungunya virus (chikv), but also neutralizes wt strains of mayaro virus (mayv) and ross river virus (rrv); both arthralgic, old world alphaviruses. interestingly, cc3 also demonstrated a degree of neutralizing activity against the new world alphavirus, venezu ... | 2021 | 33585527 |
| a monovalent and trivalent mva-based vaccine completely protects mice against lethal venezuelan, western, and eastern equine encephalitis virus aerosol challenge. | venezuelan, eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses (eev) can cause severe disease of the central nervous system in humans, potentially leading to permanent damage or death. yet, no licensed vaccine for human use is available to protect against these mosquito-borne pathogens, which can be aerosolized and therefore pose a bioterror threat in addition to the risk of natural outbreaks. using the mouse aerosol challenge model, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of eev vaccines that ... | 2021 | 33542715 |
| response of uk horse, pony and donkey owners to the early stages of the covid-19 pandemic. | in the uk, march 2020 was a time of great uncertainty as covid-19 became increasingly widespread. the government responded by making suggestions about how people could reduce the risk of spread on 16 march, moved swiftly into closing schools on the 18 march before announcing a mandatory lockdown on the 23rd march. this was a challenging time for uk equestrians who had to balance maintaining their equine's routine and daily care alongside the increasing biosecurity measures. a cross-sectional sur ... | 2021 | 33922408 |
| a hepatitis b virus causes chronic infections in equids worldwide. | preclinical testing of novel therapeutics for chronic hepatitis b (chb) requires suitable animal models. equids host homologs of hepatitis c virus (hcv). because coinfections of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hcv occur in humans, we screened 2,917 specimens from equids from five continents for hbv. we discovered a distinct hbv species (equid hbv, eqhbv) in 3.2% of donkeys and zebras by pcr and antibodies against eqhbv in 5.4% of donkeys and zebras. molecular, histopathological, and biochemical anal ... | 2021 | 33723007 |
| a scoping review of west nile virus seroprevalence studies among african equids. | west nile virus (wnv) is an emerging and re-emerging zoonotic flavivirus first identified in and endemic to africa. the virus is transmitted between birds by biting mosquitoes, with equids and humans being incidental hosts. the majority of infected incidental hosts display no or only mild clinical signs, but a fraction develop encephalitis. the aim of this scoping review was to identify and evaluate primary research on the presence of antibodies to wnv among african equids. three bibliographic d ... | 2021 | 34358049 |
| west nile virus seroprevalence in a selected donkey population of namibia. | west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne virus enzootically maintained in birds. however, it can incidentally infect other species, leading to sometimes severe clinical consequences like in horses and especially human beings. despite the topic relevance, the presence and distribution of wnv are currently unknown in namibia. several countries implement surveillance systems based on virus detection in birds, mosquitoes, and vertebrate species including horses. the present study aimed to fill this ... | 2021 | 34222404 |