Publications

screening toxicity study in young carp (cyprinus carpio l.) on feed amended with fumonisin b1.	fumonisin b1 (fb1) is one of several mycotoxins produced by fusarium moniliforme, a major fungal pathogen of corn and widely spread throughout the world. fb1 produces a wide range of biological effects, some of which are specific for particular organs or species and some are common to all investigated animals. in this study we have evaluated subchronic toxicosis features in young carp (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to 0.5 and 5.0 mg fb1 kg(-1) body weight for 42 days through nutritionally balanced ...	2003	12733635
cardiac-restricted ankyrin-repeated protein is differentially induced in duchenne and congenital muscular dystrophy.	cardiac ankyrin-repeated protein (carp) has been shown to associate with a transcription factor, yb-1, that may activate expression of the ventricular myosin light chain-2 gene during cardiogenesis. carp is induced in the adult hypertrophic heart subjected to pressure overload, suggesting that carp may play important functional roles in both embryonic and adult hearts. although carp expression was initially believed to be restricted to the heart, we found recently that carp is induced strongly i ...	2003	12746480
parasitic infections in freshwater ornamental fish in sri lanka.	a total of 1520 ornamental fish of 13 species from 26 export farms in sri lanka were collected between october 1999 and march 2000 and examined for parasites. fish species examined were guppy poecilia reticulata, goldfish carassius auratus, platy xiphophorus maculatus, molly poecilia sphenops, angel pterophyllum scalare, swordtail xiphophorus helleri, tetras hyphessobrycon species, barbs capeota and puntius spp., gourami colisa sp., carp cyprinus carpio, fighters betta spelendens and others (bra ...	2003	12747641
detection of myxobolus rotundus (myxozoa: myxosporea) in skin mucus of crucian carp carassius auratus auratus using a monoclonal antibody.	diagnosis of myxosporean myxobolus rotundus infection was conducted by examining skin mucus from the infected crucian carp carassius auratus auratus with a monoclonal antibody, mab 2d12, raised previously against the parasite. a positive reaction was observed in skin mucus collected from infected fish, and spores and pre-spore stages of the parasite were identified by the mab 2d12. it was also demonstrated that m. rotundus infection can be successfully detected by a simple method, enzyme-linked ...	2003	12747643
carp hepatopancreatic dnase i: biochemical, molecular, and immunological properties.	a survey of dnase i in nine different carp tissues showed that the hepatopancreas has the highest levels of both dnase i enzyme activity and gene expression. carp hepatopancreatic dnase i was purified 17,000-fold, with a yield of 29%, to electrophoretic homogeneity using three-step column chromatography. the purified enzyme activity was inhibited completely by 20 mm edta and a specific anti-carp dnase i antibody and slightly by g-actin. histochemical analysis using this antibody revealed the str ...	2003	12761174
flow cytometric analysis of the neutrophil respiratory burst of ayu, plecoglossus altivelis: comparison with other fresh water fish.	neutrophils of vertebrates undergo respiratory burst activity (rba) as a defense mechanism against bacterial infections. we report here that ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) have unusually high rbas even when they are in a healthy condition. kidney and blood leukocytes were obtained from ayu, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), carp (cyprinus carpio), eel (anguilla japonica), and pond smelt (hypomesus nipponensis). neutrophil rba was measured by flow cytometry using dihydrorhodamine after stimulati ...	2003	12787685
immunocytochemical characterization of adenohypophyseal cells in the greater weever fish (trachinus draco).	the adenohypophysis of the greater weever fish (trachinus draco) was studied using histochemical and immunocytochemical methods. the adenohypophysis comprised the rostral pars distalis (rpd), the proximal pars distalis (ppd), and the pars intermedia (pi). neurohypophysis showed a patent hypophyseal stalk which was divided into several branches intermingled with the adenohypophysis. salmon prolactin (prl)-immunoreactive (ir) cells, arranged in follicles, resided in the rpd and the most rostral pa ...	2003	12798126
subcellular distribution of ryanodine receptors in the cardiac muscle of carp (cyprinus carpio).	we examined the subcellular localization of ryanodine receptors (ryr) in the cardiac muscle of carp using biochemical, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic methods and compared it with those of rats and guinea pigs. to achieve this goal, an anti-ryr antibody was newly raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to an amino acid sequence that was conserved among all sequenced ryrs. western blot analysis using this antibody detected a single ryr band following the sds-page of sarcopl ...	2003	12805094
physicochemical and physiological properties of 5alpha-cyprinol sulfate, the toxic bile salt of cyprinid fish.	5alpha-cyprinol sulfate was isolated from bile of the asiatic carp, cyprinus carpio. 5alpha-cyprinol sulfate was surface active and formed micelles; its critical micellization concentration (cmc) in 0.15 m na+ using the maximum bubble pressure device was 1.5 mm; by dye solubilization, its cmc was approximately 4 mm. at concentrations >1 mm, 5alpha-cyprinol sulfate solubilized monooleylglycerol efficiently (2.1 molecules per mol micellar bile salt). when infused intravenously into the anesthetize ...	2003	12810826
identification and characterization of a cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein-1 as a novel mediator of apoptosis signaling by retinoid cd437.	cd437, a novel retinoid, causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a number of cancer cells including human breast carcinoma (hbc) by utilizing an undefined retinoic acid receptor/retinoid x receptor-independent mechanism. to delineate mediators of cd437 signaling, we utilized a random antisense-dependent functional knockout genetic approach. we identified a cdna that encodes approximately 130-kda hbc cell perinuclear protein (termed carp-1). treatments with cd437 or chemotherapeutic agent adria ...	2003	12816952
peculiar gene organisation and incomplete splicing of sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l) interleukin-1beta.	in this paper we describe the gene organisation of sea bass dicentrarchus labrax interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and the presence of incompletely spliced forms of this gene. interestingly, the sea bass il-1beta gene comprises five exons and four introns, thus being remarkably different from other known teleost and mammalian genes. the sizes of the introns were typically much shorter than in mammals and this feature, together with the loss of two introns, gave a much smaller gene than in mammals (2. ...	2003	12823998
gadolinium, a mechano-sensitive channel blocker, inhibits osmosis-initiated motility of sea- and freshwater fish sperm, but does not affect human or ascidian sperm motility.	exposure to hypo-osmotic or hyperosmotic environment triggers the initiation of fish sperm motility. in this article, we report that calcium and potassium channel blockers do not influence motility of puffer fish sperm but calmodulin antagonists reversibly decrease it, suggesting that calmodulin-ca(2+) interactions are prerequisite for the initiation of sperm motility in this species. gadolinium (a stretch activated ion channel blocker) decreased the motility of puffer fish sperm from 92 +/- 3% ...	2003	12845597
evaluating the radiation of the pomc gene in teleosts: characterization of american eel pomc.	a distinctive feature of the pituitary hormone precursor, proopiomelanocortin (pomc), is the presence of multiple melanocortin core sequences (hfrw), and one copy of the opioid, beta-endorphin. in the older lineages of ray-finned fish (i.e., orders acipenseriformes and semionotiformes), certain extant lobe-finned fish (australian lungfish and african lungfish), and the tetrapods there are three melanocortin regions in pomc: acth/alphamsh, beta-msh, and gamma-msh. however, among the teleosts, the ...	2003	12849961
group ii metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate the vulnerability to hypoxic brain damage.	we examined the expression of metabotropic glutamate (mglu) receptors in species of fish that differ for their vulnerability to anoxic brain damage. although expression of mglu1a and mglu5 receptors was similar in the brain of all species examined, expression of mglu2/3 receptors was substantially higher in the brain of anoxia-tolerant species (i.e., the carp carassius carassius and the goldfish carassius auratus) than in the brain of species that are highly vulnerable to anoxic damage, such as ...	2003	12853420
the immune response of carp to trypanoplasma borreli: kinetics of immune gene expression and polyclonal lymphocyte activation.	although trypanoplasma borreli induces the production of non-specific antibodies, survival of infection is associated with the production of t. borreli specific antibodies, able to lyse this parasite in the presence of complement. during the lag phase of this acquired immune response, innate immune mechanisms must limit multiplication of t. borreli. a heat-labile fraction of t. borreli together with cpg motifs in the dna of this parasite are responsible for the induction of nitric oxide (no) and ...	2003	12880636
cxc chemokines and leukocyte chemotaxis in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	cxc chemokines, structurally recognizable by the position of four conserved cysteine residues, are prominent mediators of chemotaxis. here we report a novel carp cxc chemokine obtained through homology cloning and compare it with fish orthologues genes and with a second, recently elucidated, carp cxc chemokine. phylogenetic analyses clearly show that neither cxc chemokine resembles any of the mammalian cxc chemokines in particular. however, basal expression is most prominent in immune organs lik ...	2003	12880637
cyclin a2 is differentially expressed during oocyte maturation between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and gonochoristic color crucian carp.	silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is a unique gynogenetic fish. because of its specific genetic background and reproduction mode, it is an intriguing model system for understanding regulatory mechanism of oocyte maturation division. it keeps its chromosomal integrity by inhibiting the first meiotic division (no extrusion of the first pole body). the spindle behavior during oocyte maturation is significantly different from that in gonochoristic fish. the chromosomes are first arrang ...	2003	12506399
evaluation of a vector-control strategy of haemorrhagic thelohanellosis in carp, caused by thelohanellus hovorkai (myxozoa).	the life cycle of thelohanellus hovorkai (myxozoa), the causative agent of haemorrhagic thelohanellosis of carp cyprinus carpio, involves the alternate oligochaete host branchiura sowerbyi, which plays the role of vector in the parasite's transmission. field investigations in carp farms suggested that oligochaete fauna were closely associated with the substrate type of the pond. the pond bottom in the enzootic farm consisted of clay soil and soft sediments comprised of organic mud, in which b. s ...	2003	12887252
the haemoflagellate trypanoplasma borreli induces the production of nitric oxide, which is associated with modulation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) leucocyte functions.	in an attempt to characterise the role of nitric oxide (no) in immune responses of carp, carp leucocytes obtained during an acute t. borreli infection were examined, for their capacity to generate no. in a second set of experiments the impact no on viability of the parasite and on the modulation of functional carp leucocyte responses were tested in vitro. both in carp head-kidneys and in the peripheral blood, the fractions of lymphoblasts among separated leucocytes were increased. however, the r ...	2003	12681277
local expression of apolipoprotein a-i gene and a possible role for hdl in primary defence in the carp skin.	antimicrobial proteins and peptides play an important role in the primary defence of epithelial barriers in vertebrates and invertebrates. here we report the detection of the apolipoproteins a-i and a-ii in the epidermis and epidermal mucus of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. both apolipoproteins are major constituents of high density lipoprotein and have been shown to display antiviral and antimicrobial activity in mammals. therefore the aim of th ...	2003	12681280
detection and genetic analysis of group ii capsules in aeromonas hydrophila.	the genetic organization and sequences of the group ii capsule gene cluster of aeromonas hydrophila ppd134/91 have been determined previously. the purified capsular polysaccharides can increase the ability of avirulent strain ppd35/85 to survive in naive tilapia serum but have no inhibitory effect on the adhesion of ppd134/91 to carp epithelial cells. in this study, the presence of group ii capsules among 33 randomly chosen a. hydrophila strains was examined by electron microscopy and genetic an ...	2003	12686647
transduction of cultured fish cells with recombinant baculoviruses.	five fish cell lines were tested for their ability to be transduced by ac-calacz, a recombinant baculovirus that is capable of expressing a beta-galactosidase reporter gene from the cag promoter (consisting of a cytomegalovirus enhancer element, a chicken actin promoter and rabbit beta-globin termination sequences). to (tilapia ovary), epc (carp), chh-1 (chum salmon heart fibroblast) and chse-214 (chinook salmon embryo) cells were transducible, as demonstrated by an in situ beta-galactosidase as ...	2003	12692282
molecular cloning and characterisation of a carp (cyprinus carpio) cytokine-like cdna that shares sequence similarity with il-6 subfamily cytokines cntf, osm and lif.	in the course of suppression subtractive hybridisation between sodium alginate-induced peritoneal cells (sa-pc) and normal head kidney cdnas in common carp (cyprinus carpio), a cytokine-like cdna clone was found. the clone, named m17, contains a 1600bp nucleotide sequence that encodes a 215 amino acid putative protein that would have a pi of 9.01 and would include a 33 amino acid signal peptide. the 3' untranslated region has seven attta mrna destabilising motifs that are common in cytokines and ...	2003	12543126
unusual physiology of scale-less carp, gymnocypris przewalskii, in lake qinghai: a high altitude alkaline saline lake.	the scale-less carp (gymnocypris przewalskii) inhabits lake qinghai located on the qinghai-tibet plateau (elevation, 3200 m) in western china. the lake waters are alkaline (ph 9.4, titratable alkalinity=30 mmol l(-1)), mg(2+)-rich (18.7 mmol l(-1)), ca(2+)-poor (0.30 mmol l(-1)) and saline (9 per thousand ). these fish make annual spawning migrations into freshwater rivers. we investigated the physiology of nitrogen excretion and ionoregulation of fish from the lake and river. fish from both wat ...	2003	12547271
toxicity of cypermethrin in labeo rohita fingerlings: biochemical, enzymatic and haematological consequences.	the effect of exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, on biochemical parameters of muscle, blood and enzyme activities in brain, liver and kidney of the indian major carp, labeo rohita was studied. the sub-lethal exposure studies were done for up to 45 days at 1/10 and 1/50 of 96 h lc(50) of cypermethrin. the 96 h lc(50) was found to be 0.139 ppm. rna levels decreased while dna levels were elevated. acid phosphatase was unchanged while alkaline ph ...	2003	12524023
cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) expression in human and murine atherosclerotic lesions: activin induces carp in smooth muscle cells.	cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) is a transcription factor-related protein that has been studied most extensively in the heart. in the present study, we investigated the expression and the potential function of carp in human and murine atherosclerosis.	2003	12524226
fish tissue quality in the lower mississippi river and health risks from fish consumption.	between 1990 and 1994, samples of three shellfish species (i.e. blue crab, callinectes sapidus;crayfish, procambarus acutis; and river shrimp, macrobrachium ohionii) and 16 fish species and were collected at six sites along the lower mississippi river by the louisiana department of environmental quality, office of water resources in coordination with the us environmental protection agency. the fish species included: bigmouth buffalo (ictiobus cyanellus); blue catfish (ictalurus furcatus); carp ( ...	2003	12526903
emerging vesiculo-type virus infections of freshwater fishes in europe.	rhabdoviruses were isolated from perch perca fluviatilis and largemouth bass micropterus salmoides exhibiting clinical signs of disease. preliminary studies indicated that these viruses could be neutralised by antisera to perch rhabdovirus (dorson et al. 1984) and may be similar to those previously isolated from grayling thymallus thymallus and pike-perch stizostedion stizostedion. the relationship between these viruses and the previously characterised fish rhabdoviruses, pike fry rhabdovirus (p ...	2003	14960032
new data on myxobolus longisporus (myxozoa: myxobolidae), a gill infecting parasite of carp, cyprinus carpio haematopterus, from chinese lakes.	the original description of myxobolus longisporus nie et li, 1992, the species infecting gills of cyprinus carpio haematopterus l., is supplemented with new data on the spore morphology and pathogenicity. spores are elongate pyriform with pointed anterior end, 15.7 (15.5-16.5) microm long, 6.7 (6-8) microm wide and 5.5 microm thick. sutural ridge is straight and narrow. mucus envelope is lacking. two equal-sized elongate pyriform polar capsules are 8.5 microm long and 2.5 microm wide with conver ...	2003	14971594
recovery of fertility in male hybrids of a cross between goldfish and common carp by transplantation of pgc (primordial germ cell)-containing graft.	in germ-line chimera, gametes originate from both the donor and recipient. in order to increase the proportion of gametes from the donor, the elimination or reduction of primordial germ cells (pgcs) from the recipient is required. in the present study, histological and genetic analyses were performed in the chimeric fish obtained when sterile goldfish x common carp hybrid and fertile goldfish embryos were used as a recipient and donor, respectively. chimerism was induced by transplantation of th ...	2003	14620952
cloning, characterization and expression analysis of interleukin-10 from the common carp, cyprinus carpio l.	interleukin (il)-10 was cloned from the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using il-10 primers from carp head kidney following stimulation with concanavalin a and lipopolysaccharide. the cdna consisted of a 1096 bp sequence containing a 55 bp 5' untranslated region and a 498 bp 3' untranslated region. an open reading frame of 543 bp encoded a putative 180 amino acid protein with a putative signal peptide of 22 amino acids. the signature motif of il-10 is conserved in carp sequence. a 2083 bp genom ...	2003	14622251
molecular characterization of d-amino acid oxidase from common carp cyprinus carpio and its induction with exogenous free d-alanine.	a full-length cdna encoding d-amino acid oxidase (dao, ec 1.4.3.3) was cloned and sequenced from the hepatopancreas of carp fed a diet supplemented with d-alanine. this clone contained an open reading frame encoding 347 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited about 60 and 19-29% identity to mammalian and microbial daos, respectively. the expression of full-length carp dao cdna in escherichia coli resulted in a significant level of protein with dao activity. in carp fed the ...	2003	14622982
common genomic response in different mouse models of beta-adrenergic-induced cardiomyopathy.	although beta-adrenergic receptor (ar) blockade therapy is beneficial in the treatment of heart failure, little is known regarding the transcriptional mechanisms underlying this salutary action.	2003	14623810
cadmium-induced cellular and immunological responses in cyprinus carpio infected with the blood parasite, sanguinicola inermis.	little is known about immune responses in teleosts as linked to the aetiology of pollutants and parasitic diseases and in particular their combined effects on the host. cadmium(cd)-mediated immunological responses in the thymus and pronephros of juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio), experimentally infected with the blood parasite, sanguinicola inermis (trematoda: sanguinicolidae) for 30 days followed by an exposure to 0.1 mg cd2+ l(-1) for 48 or 168 h were investigated. differential organ-specific ch ...	2003	14627452
common carp insulin-like growth factor-i gene: complete nucleotide sequence and functional characterization of the 5'-flanking region.	insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) plays an important role in the growth and development of fish. to understand the molecular mechanism which controls the transcription of the igf-i gene in common carp, we have cloned and completely sequenced the igf-i gene and the 5'-flanking region from a local tropical fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio), and characterized its promoter activity by transfection into human embryonic kidney (293ghr) cells which express the human growth hormone (gh) recepto ...	2003	14644506
dynamics of experimental production of thelohanellus hovorkai (myxozoa: myxosporea) in fish and oligochaete alternate hosts.	the dynamics of development and production of thelohanellus hovorkai (myxozoa) were examined to investigate factors inducing haemorrhagic thelohanellosis in carp, cyprinus carpio l. fresh actinospores of t. hovorkai were harvested from the oligochaete alternate host, branchiura sowerbyi, and used for infection experiments with myxosporean-free carp. visualization of actinospores by fluorescent labelling revealed that sporoplasms penetrated the gill filaments of carp immersed in an actinospore su ...	2003	14653315
susceptibility of zebrafish (danio rerio) to a model pathogen, spring viremia of carp virus.	to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of fish disease, we developed a pathogen model, using zebrafish (danio rerio) and spring virema of carp virus (svcv). replicate groups of 10 fish were acclimated to 20 or 24 degrees c, then were exposed to svcv concentrations of 10(3) to 10(5) plaque-forming units per milliliter (pfu/ml) of water and observed daily. in a second trial, fish were acclimated to 15 degrees c, and replicate groups of 10 fish were exposed to svcv at a concentration of ...	2003	14655994
cholesterol content in meat of some poultry and fish species as influenced by live weight and total lipid content.	total cholesterol content in 24 fillets (f) of males and females of common carp, 35 samples of male chicken breast meat (bm) and thigh meat (tm), and 48 samples of male turkey bm and tm, respectively, was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after total lipid (tl) extraction using n-hexane/2-propanol mixture. cholesterol content in male carp fillets (77.6 mg/100 g) was higher (p < 0.001) in comparison with females (69.4 mg/100 g). irrespective of the sex differences, cholesterol ...	2003	14664530
inflammatory interactions in fish exposed to pollutants and parasites: a role for apoptosis and c reactive protein.	although previous studies have highlighted the inflammatory responses of fish infected with parasites and exposed to pollutants, very little is known about how these two stressors interact within the fish. in this review, which also contains original data, the effect of these two parameters on the fish inflammatory response is assessed and, in particular, the role of apoptosis and the acute phase protein, c reactive protein, is evaluated. in cyprinus carpio exposed to 0.5 mg nh4+ l(-1) or 0.1 mg ...	2003	14667174
establishment and characterization of two new cell lines derived from flounder, paralichthys olivaceus (temminck & schlegel).	two new cell cultures from flounder, paralichthys olivaceus (temminck & schlegel), flounder fin (ffn) cells from fin tissue and flounder spleen (fsp) cells from spleen tissue, were established and characterized. the cells multiplied well in eagle's minimum essential medium, supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, and have been subcultured more than 100 times, becoming continuous cell lines. modal diploid chromosome number of ffn and fsp cells was 64 and 62, respectively. polymerase chain reac ...	2003	14710758
effects of various hormones on the sexual maturity of european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) females from farm and lakes.	previously described and alternative methods of the induction of sexual maturation in the european eel were investigated. weekly administrations of a gonadoliberin agonist (nnrh-a=d-phe6-gnrh-ea) did not induce statistically significant effect on the gonads of treated eels in none of the dosages used (0.1 microg and 10 microg/fish). carp pituitary extract and carp pituitary extract together with a dopamine antagonist caused considerable external changes (increase in eye size) and significant gon ...	2003	14711035
isolation of a rhabdovirus during outbreaks of disease in cyprinid fish species at fishery sites in england.	a virus was isolated during disease outbreaks in bream abramis brama, tench tinca tinca, roach rutilis rutilis and crucian carp carassius carassius populations at 6 fishery sites in england in 1999. mortalities at the sites were primarily among recently introduced fish and the predominant fish species affected was bream. the bream stocked at 5 of the 6 english fishery sites were found to have originated from the river bann, northern ireland. most fish presented few consistent external signs of d ...	2003	14735920
minor effect of depletion of resident macrophages from peritoneal cavity on resistance of common carp cyprinus carpio to blood flagellates.	carp cyprinus carpio macrophages were depleted by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of clodronate-liposomes for the in vivo study of the effect of macrophage depletion on the resistance of carp to infection with blood flagellate parasites. clodronate released inside the cell induces apoptosis of (murine) macrophages. following i.p. injection of carp with liposomes alone, but not with trypanoplasma borreli, neutrophilic granulocytes rapidly migrated from the head kidney to the peritoneal cavity. t ...	2003	14735923
effect of epidermal papillomatosis on survival of the freshwater fish rutilus rutilus.	epidermal papillomatosis occurs in several marine and freshwater fish species. previously, papillomatosis has been shown to induce mortality in juvenile carp. we studied the effect of epidermal papillomatosis on the survival of adult male roach rutilus rutilus by caging naturally diseased, marked (by us) fish in the field. within the constraints of the experimental design, there was no difference in survival between healthy, slightly diseased and heavily diseased fish. therefore, we conclude tha ...	2003	14735936
recovery and growth of haplorchis taichui (trematoda: heterophyidae) in chicks.	an experimental study was performed to observe the recovery and growth of a minute intestinal fluke, haplorchis taichui in chicks (gallus gallus domesticus). metacercariae of h. taichui were isolated from jullien's mud carp, henicorhynchus siamensis, which were collected in the chiang mai province, thailand. two hundred metacercariae were orally force-fed to each chick. the intestine of the chicks were examined from day 1 to day 54 post-infection (pi). the incidence of infection was 84.9% (28/33 ...	2003	15115077
the fish fauna in tropical rivers: the case of the sorocaba river basin, são paulo, brazil.	a survey was carried out on the fish species in the sorocaba river basin, the main tributary of the left margin of the tietê river, located in the state of são paulo, brazil. the species were collected with gill nets. after identification of the specimens, their relative abundance, weight and standard length were determined. up to the present moment there are not any studies that focus this subject in this hydrographic basin. fifty-three species, distributed in eighteen families and six orders w ...	2003	15162785
acute toxicity of lake water to fishes.	the present study investigates the acute toxicity of hussainsagar lake water to fishes. in this context, experiments were conducted on three species of fishes (cyprinus carpio, tilapia mozambica and lebistus reticularis), using 5, 10 and 20% volume of jeedimetla nallah wastewater and were observed for the signs of survival within the specified period of time. the tlm value for 96 hours test period was found to be 17%. similarly toxicity studies were carried out on hussainsagar lake water with di ...	2003	15270345
nephropathy associated with animal, plant, and chemical toxins in the tropics.	widespread human exposure to a variety of drugs, chemicals, and biologic products and recent awareness of their toxic manifestations has led to the recognition of toxic nephropathy as an important segment of renal disease in the tropical countries. tropical nephrotoxins are distinctly different from those seen in the rest of the world and are derived from local fauna and flora or plant and chemical sources. the spectrum of exposure varies from country to country and even from community to commun ...	2003	12563601
isolation and characterization of novel tachykinins from the posterior salivary gland of the common octopus octopus vulgaris.	two novel tachykinins (octtk-i: lys-pro-pro-ser-ser-ser-glu-phe-ile-gly-leu-met-nh(2) and octtk-ii: lys-pro-pro-ser-ser-ser-glu-phe-val-gly-leu-met-nh(2)) were isolated from the posterior salivary gland of the octopus (octopus vulgaris) using a contraction assay of the carp rectum. these peptides had in common the pentapeptide sequence -phe-x-gly-leu-met-nh(2) at the c-terminal and induced immediate contractions on the carp rectum and the guinea-pig ileum. cdnas encoding their precursor proteins ...	2003	12576083
daily handling stress reduces resistance of carp to trypanoplasma borreli: in vitro modulatory effects of cortisol on leukocyte function and apoptosis.	carp subjected to daily handling stress were much more susceptible to trypanoplasma borreli infection than control fish. in a search for the cellular mechanisms involved, it was observed that cortisol suppressed t. borreli-induced expression of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, serum amyloid a and inducible nitric oxide synthase. an nf-kappab-inhibitor could replicate cortisol-induced apoptosis of activated peripheral blood leukocytes. in contrast, although this nf-kappab-inhibitor ...	2003	12590974
genomic structure, expression and characterization of a stat5 homologue from pufferfish (tetraodon fluviatilis).	the stat5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) gene was isolated and characterized from a round-spotted pufferfish genomic library. this gene is composed of 19 exons spanning 11 kb. the full-length cdna of tetraodon fluviatilis stat5 (tfstat5) contains 2461 bp and encodes a protein of 785 amino acid residues. from the amino acid sequence comparison, tfstat5 is most similar to mouse stat5a and stat5b with an overall identity of 76% and 78%, respectively, and has < 35% identity wit ...	2003	12605675
carbonic anhydrase-related protein is a novel binding protein for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1.	the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ip(3)) receptor (ip(3)r) is an intracellular ip(3)-gated ca(2+) channel that is located on intracellular ca(2+) stores and modulates ca(2+) signalling. using the yeast two-hybrid system, we screened a mouse brain cdna library with bait constructs for mouse ip(3)r type 1 (ip(3)r1) to identify ip(3)r1-associated proteins. in this way, we found that carbonic anhydrase-related protein (carp) is a novel ip(3)r1-binding protein. western blot analysis revealed that car ...	2003	12611586
cytochrome p450 induction and gonadal status alteration in common carp (cyprinus carpio) associated with the discharge of dioxin contaminated effluent to the hikiji river, kanagawa prefecture, japan.	accumulations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls were analyzed in common carp (cyprinus carpio) collected in the hikiji river, kanagawa prefecture, japan in which dioxin contaminated effluent was released during the period starting from november 1992 to march 2000. higher levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents were observed in carps collected downstream to the dioxin release site (contaminated site) than the r ...	2003	12615101
isolation and characterization of a novel cxc chemokine in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	a novel cxc chemokine was identified for the first time in fish from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the gene was obtained from the head kidney (hk) stimulated with lps and con a. the cdna consists of 619 bp with a 37 bp 5' utr and a 287 bp 3' utr. an open reading frame of 368 bp encodes a 97 amino acid peptide, with a putative signal peptide of 20 aa. the gene has four cysteines residues, which are conserved, with first two cysteines separated with phenylalanine. by homology and phylogenetic ...	2003	12617998
molecular cloning of the complement regulatory factor i isotypes from the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	factor i is a novel serine protease that regulates complement activation. here we report the complete primary structure of two isotypic factor is isolated from the common carp ( cyprinus carpio), a pseudotetraploid teleost. a carp hepatopancreas cdna library was screened using two rt-pcr-amplified cdna fragments encoding part of the carp factor i-like serine protease domain. two distinct cdna clones, designated fi-a and fi-b, were isolated. their deduced amino acid sequences share 75.2% identity ...	2003	12618913
temperature-induced changes in thyrotropin-releasing hormone sensitivity in carp melanotropes.	this study investigates whether thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and n-acetyl beta-endorphin (nac beta-end), or the thyroid hormones thyroxine (t4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) are involved in the physiological response to temperature changes in the poikilotherm common carp (cyprinus carpio). carps were either subjected to a rapid cold exposure or acclimated over time to three different temperatures. acute cold exposure did not influence b ...	2003	12624537
enzyme activities in fish spermatozoa with focus on lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from herring clupea harengus.	the activities of nad- and nadp-dependent dehydrogenases and creatine kinase were compared in extracts of spermatozoa from herring (clupea harengus), carp (cyprinus carpio) and catfish (clarias gariepinus). the activity of malic enzyme in herring spermatozoa was approximately 5 and 36 times higher than in carp and catfish spermatozoa. in contrast, lactate dehydrogenase activity in herring spermatozoa was very low. herring spermatozoa possess two isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase: ldh-a(2)b(2) ...	2003	12628371
humoral immune response of carp (cyprinus carpio) induced by oral immunization with liposome-entrapped antigen.	to study the value of liposomes as carriers of antigens for oral vaccination in fish, humoral immune responses were analyzed after immunizing carp (cyprinus carpio) with liposome-entrapped bovine serum albumin (bsa) as a model antigen. oral immunization of bsa (100 microg)-containing liposomes that were stable in carp bile induced significant antibody responses against bsa in serum as well as in intestinal mucus and bile. by contrast, no serum antibody responses were observed when fish were oral ...	2003	12631523
a new cell secreting insulin.	the pancreatic beta-cell is the only cell in animals that expresses the insulin gene and secretes insulin protein. we have found copious release of immunoreactive and bioactive insulin into the medium from the primary culture of carp adipocytes. glucose augmented this release to more than 2-fold, and glucose transporter, glut2, was detected in these cells. these all reflect characteristics of a pancreatic beta-cell. the expression of the adipocyte-specific flotillin gene, the presence of peroxis ...	2003	12639943
potencies of estrogenic compounds in in vitro screening assays and in life cycle tests with zebrafish in vivo.	the objective of this study was to compare the estrogenic potency of environmental estrogens at two testing tiers: at the initial level of in vitro screening assays, and at the level of definitive fish reproduction tests in vivo. the in vitro tests included a recombinant yeast estrogen receptor (er) assay, a competitive radioreceptor assay using the hepatic er of carp (cyprinus carpio), and assays on vitellogenin induction in cultured hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp. ...	2003	12651187
ryanodine and dihydropyridine receptor binding in ventricular cardiac muscle of fish with different temperature preferences.	ca(2+)-induced ca2+ release (cicr) mechanism of cardiac excitation-contraction (e-c) coupling is dependent on the close apposition between the sarcolemmal dihydropyridine receptors (dhpr) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) ryanodine receptors (ryr). in particular, high ryr/dhpr ratio is considered to reflect strong dependence on sr ca2+ stores for the intracellular ca2+ transient. to indirectly evaluate the significance of cicr in fish hearts, densities of cardiac dhprs and ryrs were compared i ...	2003	12664089
influence of methisoprinol on the replication of rhabdoviruses isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) and catfish (ictalurus melas): in vitro study.	rhabdoviruses constitute one of the most pathogenic viruses isolated from rainbow trout and carp culture. several viruses were also isolated from other species of fish. these viruses are mostly associated with epizootics and heavy losses. spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) and pike fry rhabdovirus (pfrv) have been the most extensively studied, due to their significant economic impact. significant progress has been made towards controlling the major bacterial fish diseases using vaccines, but t ...	2003	12675468
potential of amaranthus seeds in supplementary feed and its impact on growth in some carps.	amaranthus seeds were used at three different levels (20%, 35%, 50%) in fish diets under a semi-intensive fish culture system and their impact on the growth of common carp, cyprinus carpio, and rohu, labeo rohita, was studied. growth in terms of body weight gain was maximum in fish fed on diets containing 20% amaranthus seeds, that replaced rice bran and groundnut oil cake in the feed. overall, the fish fed on diets containing amaranthus seeds at different levels showed better growth than the co ...	2003	12421004
utilization of fermented silkworm pupae silage in feed for carps.	fermented silkworm pupae (swp) silage or untreated fresh swp pastes were incorporated in carp feed formulations replacing fishmeal. the feed formulations were isonitrogenous (30.2-30.9% protein) and isocaloric (me = 2905-2935 kcal/kg). feeding under a polyculture system consisting of 30% each of catla (catla catla), mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala) and rohu (labeo rohita) with 10% silver carps (hypophthalmychthys molitrix) was carried out in ponds to evaluate the nutritive quality of swp silage. survi ...	2003	12421005
molecular and functional characterization of carp tnf: a link between tnf polymorphism and trypanotolerance?	two carp tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) genes have been cloned and sequenced. both tnf1 and tnf2 sequences have several polymorphisms in the 3' utr and tnf2 has a polymorphism in the coding sequence. lipopolysaccharide and the protozoan blood flagellate trypanoplasma borreli induced expression of tnfalpha in carp head kidney phagocytes when added in vitro. differential expression was observed, with tnf2 being higher expressed than tnf1. we used the tnfalpha-specific inhibitor pentoxifyll ...	2003	12477499
chromium induced alterations in some biochemical profiles of the indian major carp, labeo rohita (hamilton).		2003	12478433
differential expression of cold- and diet-specific genes encoding two carp liver delta 9-acyl-coa desaturase isoforms.	carp respond to cold by the upregulated expression of delta9-acyl-coa desaturase. here we report the cloning and characterization of cds2, a second delta9-acyl coa-desaturase expressed in carp liver. both cds1 and cds2 complemented the ole1 mutation in saccharomyces cerevisiae, permitting the synthesis of delta9-monounsaturates, confirming their identity as delta9-desaturases. we demonstrate that under a standard feeding regime it is the cds2, and not cds1, transcript that is transiently upregul ...	2003	12388470
[cloning of hemoglobin alpha-chain cdna sequences from five fishes in cypriniformes].	oxygen content in water is one of the limit factors to the fish growing. the tolerance of fish to low oxygen content depends on the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen. the tempt of transgenic fish study is to transfer hemoglobin gene from the fish that tolerates to low oxygen content in water to the fish sensitive to low oxygen condition. therefore, using hemoglobin gene to breed new varieties may become a main trend in the near future. to explore the underline mechanisms for the variation of hemo ...	2003	12939797
3,4-dichloroaniline-induced oxidative stress in liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus).	3,4-dichloroaniline (dca) and its analogs are widely used as chemical intermediates in the synthesis of herbicides, azo dyes, and pharmaceuticals. they bring danger to growth, development, and propagation of aquatic organisms. the purpose of this study was to show dca-induced oxidative stress response in liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus). superoxide dismutase (sod), malondialdehyde (mda), glutathione (gsh), nitric oxide (no), and no synthase (nos) in liver were measured in crucian carp a ...	2003	12927556
[the chromosome number and gonadal structure of f9-f11 allotetraploid crucian-carp].	in this paper, the chromosome number of f9-f11 hybridis of red crucian (carassius auratus) x common carp(cryprinus carpio) was examined by means of kidney cell-pha culture. the results showed that f9-f11 allotetraploids possessed 200 chromosomes, with the karyotype formula 44 m + 68 sm + 44 st + 44 t, which were the same as the data indicated in f3-f8 allotetraploids. both female and male of f9-f11 allotetraploids had the normal ovaries and testes that were able to produce the normal dipoid ova ...	2003	12924154
two unisexual artificial polyploid clones constructed by genome addition of common carp (cyprinus carp) and crucian carp (carassius auratus).	a polyploid hybrid fish with natural gynogenesis can prevent segregation and maintain their hybrid vigor in their progenies. supposing the reproduction mode of induced polyploid fish being natural gynogenesis, allopolyploid hybrid between common carp and crucian carp into allopolyploid was performed. the purpose of this paper is to describe a lineage from sexual diploid carp transforming into allotriploid and allotetraploid unisexual clones by genome addition. the diploid hybrid between common c ...	2003	18758716
dietary requirement of tryptophan for growth and survival of the indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala (hamilton-buchanan) fry.	the experimental diets (40% protein) contained graded levels of tryptophan (0.60, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75%) of dietary protein. each test diet was fed to triplicate groups of mrigal fry twice daily at 10% of the total biomass for 8 weeks. the dietary tryptophan requirement was estimated by plotting weight gain against dietary levels of tryptophan using two separate regression equations, the point of intersection of two equations was taken as optimum level, which occurred at 0.48% of the die ...	2003	15332510
effects of oxytocin on semen release response in african catfish (clarias gariepinus).	in silurid fishes, semen collection is practically impossible, even after hormonal stimulation. instead, males are killed and testes macerated to obtain sperm. to understand the endocrine control of semen release in catfishes, we investigated the role of smooth muscle contractors in semen release and semen quality of african catfish (clarias gariepinus). in in vitro experiments, testis slices were incubated with oxytocin (1 and 10 iu), isotocin (2 and 20 ug), vasopressin (0.2 and 2 ug), epinephr ...	2003	12600728
the structure of the pineal complex in a common indian teleost, catla catla: evidence for pineal-induced inhibition of testicular function within an annual reproductive cycle.	the structure of the pineal complex and the annual reproductive cycle in a major indian carp, catla catla, were investigated in the present study. additionally, given the well-known inhibitory effects of the pineal on reproductive function in mammals, attempts were made to investigate whether or not the pineal exerts an inhibitory influence on reproductive function in this piscine species as well. sexually adult animals were utilized in all experiments. the cytomorphology of the pineal complex a ...	2003	12856801
effects of chronic hypoxia on inward rectifier k(+) current ( i(k1)) in ventricular myocytes of crucian carp (carassius carassius) heart.	some ectothermic vertebrates show unusually good tolerance to oxygen shortage and it is therefore assumed that they might, as a defense mechanism, decrease number or activity of ion channels in order to reduce membrane leakage and thereby atp-dependent ion pumping in hypoxia. although several studies have provided indirect evidence in favor of this 'channel arrest' hypothesis, only few experiments have examined activity of ion channels directly from animals exposed to chronic hypoxia or anoxia i ...	2003	14502436
hypoxia induces adaptive and reversible gross morphological changes in crucian carp gills.	we show that crucian carp (carassius carassius) living in normoxic (aerated) water have gills that lack protruding lamellae, the primary site of o(2) uptake in fish. such an unusual trait leads to a very small respiratory surface area. histological examination showed that the lamellae (secondary lamellae) of these fish were embedded in a cell mass (denoted embedded lamellae). when the fish were kept in hypoxic water, a large reduction in this cell mass occurred, making the lamellae protrude and ...	2003	12966058
does the lateral bundle of the medial olfactory tract mediate reproductive behavior in male crucian carp?	the olfactory tract in crucian carp (carassius carassius) is divided into three distinct bundles: the lateral tract (lot) and the lateral (lmot) and medial (mmot) bundles of the medial tract. the lot has been shown to mediate information associated with feeding behavior, whereas the mmot mediates information associated with alarm response. the role of the medial olfactory tract (lmot and mmot) in reproductive behavior is still under debate. in the present experiment, male reproductive behavior t ...	2003	12771016
sensitivity and selectivity of neurons in the medial region of the olfactory bulb to skin extract from conspecifics in crucian carp, carassius carassius.	to examine the functional subdivision of the teleost olfactory bulb, extracellular recordings were made from the posterior part of the medial region of the olfactory bulb in the crucian carp, carassius carassius. bulbar units classified as type i or type ii were frequently and simultaneously encountered at a recording site. type i units displayed a diphasic action potential (ap) with a relatively small amplitude, a short duration (rise time approximately 1 ms) and high spontaneous activity (2.5 ...	2003	12714440
computational tools for modeling electrical activity in cardiac tissue.	computer models offer many attractive benefits. however, the modeling of cardiac tissue is computationally expensive due to several physical constraints which result in fine spatiotemporal discretization over large spatiotemporal regions. our laboratory has been actively trying to develop new techniques to make large scale cardiac simulations tractable over the past 15 years. this paper describes the latest modeling software that our group has developed, called carp (cardiac arrhythmias research ...	2003	14716595
identification and induction of hsp70 gene by heat shock and cadmium exposure in carp.	a member of the multi-gene family, encoding 70 kd stress proteins, was identified from the common carp (cyprimus carpio). homologies, observed at both nucleic acid and amino acid levels, and also the intronless structure of this gene, strongly suggest that it corresponds to a heat-inducible hsp70 gene in carp. gene-specific primers were selected and used in rt-pcr reactions to measure the basal hsp70 mrna levels and to follow the inducer-specific expression of this gene in different tissues duri ...	2003	14711036
functional asymmetry estimated by measurements of otolith in fish.	it is widely accepted that the incidence of space adaptation syndrome (sas) is due to a mismatch of sensory information from various receptors to the central nervous system. we investigated the functional asymmetry of vestibular organ, which may caused sensory conflict in space, by measuring the weight difference of otolith between left and right side in goldfish and carp. in the goldfish utricular otolith, the maximum difference was 0.8 mg and the mean difference was 0.091 mg. the percentage of ...	2003	15136751
[anatomoradiological correlation of the hypothenar hammer syndrome].	hypothenar hammer syndrome is all the clinical ischemic secondary manifestations in a stenose even one occlusion of traumatic origin of the distal portion of the ulnar artery. our objective was to underline anatomical substratum of this lesion and to emphasize the interest of the angio m.r.i. in the diagnosis of this syndrome. the radioanatomical study of the distal portion of the ulnar artery were on 10 fresh corpses of both sexes free of traumatic hurt of upperlimb. on 6 anatomical details inj ...	2003	15776638
analysis of genes expressed in head kidney of common carp cyprinus carpio l treated with cortisol.	we analyzed genes expressed from head kidney of common carp cyprinus carpio l. treated with cortisol. the results of single-pass sequencing of expressed sequence tags (ests) from 188 clones (au240288-au240367, au301120-au301227) from kidney cdna are presented. one-hundred-twenty-seven clones (67.6%) were completely unknown and are likely to represent newly described genes, whereas 61 clones (32.4%) were identified based on matches to sequences in the database. the putative genes contain several ...	2003	14662309
[geese, carp, honey cakes, stollen. history, medicine and magic around the christmas feast].		2003	14681776
variation of microcystins in a lake for water supply.	a site investigation was conducted to correlate the relationships between microcystins (mc) concentration and algal growth in dianchi lake in china. laboratory experiments were undertaken to test the effects of sediment adsorption, photoirradiation and biodegradation on microcystins removal. bioaccumulation of microcystins was also determined using silver carp fish. it was observed that mc concentrations varied in accordance with algae growth in dianchi lake. the results obtained in the laborato ...	2003	14672320
small indigenous fish species in bangladesh: contribution to vitamin a, calcium and iron intakes.	fish play an important role in the bangladeshi diet, constituting the main and often irreplaceable animal source food in poor rural households. fish consumption is dominated by wild small (length <25 cm) indigenous fish species (sis). the vitamin a content in sis varies, from <100 microg of retinol equivalents (re)/100 g raw edible parts, to >2,500 microg re/100 g raw edible parts in mola (amblypharyngodon mola). the study addressed the dietary contribution of fish to vitamin a, calcium and iron ...	2003	14672305
complete sequencing and expression of three complement components, c1r, c4 and c1 inhibitor, of the classical activation pathway of the complement system in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss.	three complement components, c1r, c4 and c1 inhibitor, of the classical activation pathway have been fully sequenced and their expression investigated in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). trout c1r cdna encodes a 707-amino-acid (aa) protein with a theoretical m(r) of 77,200. the trout translation shows highest homology with carp c1r/s, and lower, equal homologies to mammalian c1r and c1s, and masps from other vertebrate species. however, phylogenetic analysis and structural features suggest t ...	2003	14628103
uncoupling of horizontal cells alters the receptive fields of retinal bipolar cells.	effects of uncoupling of horizontal cells by 1-octanol, a non-specific gap junction uncoupling agent, on the receptive field organization of cone-dominant bipolar cells were investigated in isolated, superfused carp retina, using intracellular recording techniques. at 1 mm, 1-octanol increased responses of cone driven horizontal cells to light spots, but decreased those to light annuli, indicating a reduction of the receptive field size of these cells by uncoupling. furthermore, 1-octanol elimin ...	2003	14625439
stimulation of antioxidant enzymes levels in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) infected by ptychobothrium sp. (cestoda).	increased antioxidant enzymatic activities were observed in carp parasitised by ptychobothrium sp. when compared with healthy fish. this antioxidant response could contribute to neutralise the oxidative stress normally induced by parasitism.	2003	14550672
multiple acute temperature stress affects leucocyte populations and antibody responses in common carp, cyprinus carpio l.	stress is a potential factor causing increased susceptibility of fish to pathogens. in this study, stress-induced immunological changes that may contribute to a decreased immune status were investigated. a 3 h drop in ambient water temperature of 9 degrees c was used as a relative mild and acute stress model for carp. effects of this stressor on the dynamics of leucocyte populations were determined with specific monoclonal antibodies. the relative number of circulating b-lymphocytes in the total ...	2003	14550666
the changes in common carp blood after short-term zinc exposure.	blood zinc level, hematological parameters and blood cell morphology were evaluated in common carp immediately after 3 h exposure to 20 mg dm(-3) of zinc (zn0), and in 24, 48 and 96 hours after the end of it (zn24, zn48, zn96). blood zinc level in the non-exposed fish was 8 mg dm(-3), reached a maximum of 20 mg dm(-3) in zn48, while it dropped to 9 mg dm(-3) in zn96. zinc caused a stress reaction in fish indicated by an increase in hematocrit value in zn0, and elevated plasma glucose level and t ...	2003	14535641
hatching of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) embryos stored at 4 and -2 degrees c in different concentrations of methanol and sucrose.	the hatching performance of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) embryos was examined after 12-72-h storage at 4 and -2 degrees c using different concentrations of sucrose (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 m or 3.42, 8.55, 17.10 and 34.2%), methanol (meoh) (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 m or 1.6, 3.2, 4.8, 6.4, 8.0, 9.6 and 11.2%), or varying concentrations of methanol in 0.5 m (17.10%) sucrose. for sucrose, 0.5 m (17.10%) showed the maximum survival (41+/-1% (12 h) to 11+/-1.5% (72 h)) at 4 degrees c. ...	2003	14519463
asymmetric temporal properties in the receptive field of retinal transient amacrine cells.	the speed of signal conduction is a factor determining the temporal properties of individual neurons and neuronal networks. we observed very different conduction velocities within the receptive field of fast-type on-off transient amacrine cells in carp retina cells, which are tightly coupled to each other via gap junctions. the fastest speeds were found in the dorsal area of the receptive fields, on average five times faster than those detected within the ventral area. the asymmetry was similar ...	2003	14517270
genomic organization of the rdna cistron of the teleost fish cyprinus carpio.	the seasonal adaptation of the teleost cyprinus carpio to the cyclical changes of its habitat demands physiological compensatory responses. the process involves profound nucleolar adjustments and remarkable changes in rrna synthesis, which affects ribosomal biosynthesis. in this context, we have demonstrated that the synthesis of several proteins involved in ribosomal biogenesis as protein kinase ck2, ribosomal protein l41 and nucleolin, as well as u3 snornp, are differentially regulated in summ ...	2003	14513719
immunomodulatory activity of the dimerized lysozyme klp-602 after earlier suppression by atrazine in carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of modulation of the cellular immune response with the dimer of lysozyme klp-602 in fish after suppression induced by atrazine. in the in vivo studies fish were intoxicated with atrazine at a dose of 1/4 ld50, then after 48 hours the dimer of lysozyme klp-602 was administerd at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg of body weight. after 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after intoxication cells from the blood and pronephros of carp were isolated. in the study we de ...	2003	14509361
effects of gallium on common carp (cyprinus carpio): acute test, serum biochemistry, and erythrocyte morphology.	gallium (ga) is one of the intermetallic elements that are increasingly being used in making high-speed semiconductors such as gallium arsenide. the purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of gallium on acute toxicity, on serum biochemical variables as well as on erythrocyte morphological changes in the blood stream of common carp (cyprinus carpio). median lethal concentrations were determined in acute tests. the 96-h lc50 value was 19.78 (18.49-21.16) mgl(-1). common carp were ex ...	2003	14505709
expression of fmrfamide gene encoded peptides by identified neurons in embryos and juveniles of the pulmonate snail lymnaea stagnalis.	immunoreactivity to antibodies (abs) against fmrfamide, carp, and three fmrfamide gene encoded peptides, i.e., eflriamide, the non-fmrfamide peptide "seeply," and the 35-amino-acid "acidic peptide," were investigated in developing embryos and juveniles of lymnaea stagnalis. five early transient embryonic neurons revealed immunoreactivity to eflriamide. one of the early neurons, the central posterior, also expressed seeply and carp immunoreactivity. two neurons in the anlage of the left and right ...	2003	14505033
another activity for the cardiac biologist: carp fishing.		2003	14499851
isolation of a zn-binding protein mediating cell adhesion from common carp.	extraordinarily high concentrations of zn (300-500 microg/[g fresh tissue]) are often found in the digestive tract tissue of common carp cyprinus carpio, and most of the zn is bound to membrane protein located on plasma membranes that are attached to basal laminae. to isolate the zn-binding protein, the basolateral plasma membranes were separated from the extracellular matrix by treating the nuclei/cell debris fraction of the tissue with collagenase type iv and arg-gly-asp (rgd) peptide. the zn- ...	2003	13679033
glycinergic input to carp retinal ganglion cells may be mediated by glycine receptors with homologous kinetics.	current responses of carp retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) retrogradely labeled and freshly dissociated to rapid application of glycine were recorded by whole-cell patch clamp techniques and effects of glycine antagonists on these responses were analyzed. the current response to maintained application of glycine at a concentration higher than 30 microm exhibited desensitization, which was well fitted to a monoexponential function. strychnine (1 microm), a glycine receptor antagonist, completely blo ...	2003	14575889