Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| new developments in the management of pneumocystis carinii disease. | 1993 | 8217906 | |
| ondansetron usage in hiv positive patients: a pilot study on the control of nausea and vomiting in patients on high dose co-trimoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | this was an open, single centre study, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ondansetron in the treatment of co-trimoxazole associated nausea and vomiting in aids patients. sixteen patients presenting with their first episode of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) on high dose co-trimoxazole were given ondansetron 8 mg orally, every 8 h. measurements were made from data recorded by each patient on diary cards. in this study 11 out of 16 (69%) patients on ondansetron experienced ... | 1993 | 8218517 |
| severe thrombocytopenia in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient associated with pentamidine-dependent antibodies specific for glycoprotein iib/iiia. | severe thrombocytopenia developed in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome during treatment with intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the patient's bone marrow contained adequate numbers of megakaryocytes, suggesting peripheral platelet destruction. platelet counts ranged between less than 3 and 20 x 10(9)/l for 2 weeks despite cessation of pentamidine, platelet transfusions, high-dose intravenous igg, and 2 mg/kg/d prednisone. thereafter, the platelet count in ... | 1993 | 8219198 |
| [nosocomial infection: clinical aspects]. | nosocomial infections develop within a hospital or are produced by microorganisms acquired during hospitalization. they may involve not only patients (2 to 10 percent) but also hospital personnel. they arise from complex interactions of multiple causal factors. patients risk factors are these that reduce the patient's capacity for resisting the injurious effects of the microorganisms and impair natural host defense mechanisms: patients with malignant disorders or immunosuppressive therapy, poor ... | 1993 | 8221172 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in cancer patients. | concern has been arisen about the recently reported increasing incidence of pcp in patients with cancer and the potential transmissibility of this infection. whether or not there is an increase in the incidence of p. carinii infections, pcp should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in bone marrow transplant recipients, in patients with hematologic neoplasms and in patients with primary or metastatic brain neoplasms. intensity of immunosuppression plays a crucial ... | 1993 | 8221711 |
| atovaquone: a new antipneumocystis agent. | the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage of atovaquone in the management of mild to moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are reviewed. atovaquone has a novel mechanism of action that has been hypothesized to result in microbicidal rather than microbistatic activity against pneumocystis carinii. absorption of the drug is significantly enhanced by the presence of food, particularly food with a high fat content. in compa ... | 1993 | 8222520 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia relapse in aids patients. the efficacy and tolerability of low-dose sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. | the effectiveness and tolerability of sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (smx-tmp), a dose of 400mg/80mg given twice a day as secondary prophylaxis (sp) against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was assessed retrospectively in 166 aids patients. the mean observation period was 9.7 months (range 1.0-1.4). relapse of pcp occurred in eight patients; four episodes were histologically verified and four episodes were clinically assumed. the relapse rate after one year of prophylaxis was 5.1% (95% c ... | 1993 | 8222772 |
| kerley b lines as a radiologic manifestation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8222858 | |
| [two cases with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in our hospital]. | we report two cases of aids whom we have recently experienced. one patient was a 54-year-old man who admitted our hospital due to third degree burn. in this case, we did not know whether or not he was suffered from aids, when he was delivered by the ambulance. in autopsy, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and renal tuberculosis were found in addition to marked decrease of t cells in lymph nodes. the other patient was a 40-year-old man with remarkable symptoms of central nervous system. route of inf ... | 1993 | 8225167 |
| [issues in the aids medicine based on the analysis of medical worker's recognition of the disease]. | we analysed problems on the front line of the aids medicine through our experience of a with hemophilia a, who had hiv infection developed to arc and the aids and in addition, had non-hodgkin's lymphoma in his rectum and died of pneumonitis caused by pneumocystis carinii. we have learned from the poll on medical worker's recognition of the disease through the experience of this case that the nurses who were concerned with the care of this patient did not have opinions against acceptance of patie ... | 1993 | 8225168 |
| variability of serum concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole during high dose therapy. | serum kinetics of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were studied in 23 patients during oral and i.v. treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. daily doses of 15-22 mg/kg trimethoprim and 75-110 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole were given every 6 h. despite administration of a loading dose of twice the regular dose, serum trough concentrations continuously rose from 12 h to 96 h by 63% for trimethoprim and 102% for sulfamethoxazole. after 4-6 days mean trough concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfameth ... | 1993 | 8225622 |
| a clinico-pathological study of 79 bronchoscopies in hiv-positive patients. | we investigated lung pathology in 61 hiv-positive patients who underwent 79 bronchoscopies. there were 27 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), 22 cases of pyogenic pulmonary infection and six cases of mycobacterial infection. eleven cases of non-specific interstitial pneumonitis were found and 10 intravenous drug abusers had birefringent pulmonary talc granulomata in biopsy specimens. women and intravenous drug abusers had higher rates of pyogenic pulmonary infection than men and other ... | 1993 | 8225923 |
| [etiology and therapy of pneumothorax in aids patients]. | pneumothoraces in patients with aids are a rare, acute and severe complication. between january 1989 and december 1991 3 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax were operated after a 2-week treatment with chest tube drainage only had failed. the average follow-up time after the operation was 7 months. there was no recurrence. within the same 3 years 3 patients were treated in the clinic for internal medicine by means of tube drainage only. thus, only one case was successful. the average survival ... | 1993 | 8226049 |
| pancreatic disease in aids--a review. | patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) can develop pancreatic disease from causes unrelated to aids as well as aids-specific lesions. aids-specific causes include opportunistic infection, aids-associated neoplasia, and medications used to treat complications of aids. reported pancreatic opportunistic pathogens include mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium intracellulare, cryptococcus neoformans, candida, aspergillus, toxoplasma gondii, pneumocystis carinii, cytomeg ... | 1993 | 8228089 |
| 2,4-diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues of trimetrexate and piritrexim as potential inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. | a series of eight previously undescribed 2,4-diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues of the potent dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors trimetrexate (tmq) and piritrexim (ptx) were synthesized as potential drugs against pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii, which are major causes of severe opportunistic infections in aids patients. 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-(aryl/aralkyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with 3,4,5-trimethoxy or 2,5-dimethoxy substitution in the aryl/aralkyl moiety and 2,4-diami ... | 1993 | 8230096 |
| synthesis of 5-methyl-5-deaza nonclassical antifolates as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases and as potential antipneumocystis, antitoxoplasma, and antitumor agents. | a series of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-(anilinomethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 4-9 were synthesized as 5-deaza nonclassical antifolates containing trimethoxy, dichloro-, or trichlorophenyl substitutions and a n-h, n-ch3, or n-cho at the 10-position. the compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases (dhfr) from pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii), toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii), rat liver (rl), and lactobacillus casei (l. casei); as inhibitors of t. gondii and p. carinii cell growth ... | 1993 | 8230134 |
| [pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer]. | to determine the frequency of pneumonia in patients with primary lung cancer requiring hospital admission, the etiologic diagnosis, probable production mechanisms, and the factors which may condition the evolution. | 1993 | 8231382 |
| human immunodeficiency virus, fever, dyspnoea and a dry cough. expect the unexpected? | this report describes an hiv-seropositive patient with symptoms suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the final diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was delayed because initially only hiv-specific complications were considered. the relation between aids and pulmonary embolism is discussed briefly. | 1993 | 8232690 |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii in aids patients. | seven cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with granulomatous reaction in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are described. the patients were all adult men between the ages of 32 and 45 years, with different high-risk factors. clinically, all the patients presented with a history of non-productive cough and shortness of breath. two of the patients had a past history of pulmonary pneumocystosis. radiologically, six patients had diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and one nodular ... | 1993 | 8233007 |
| nuclear medicine and aids. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and its associated illnesses in a relatively young population of patients provides an expanding role for nuclear medicine. the disease enforces a review of each department's infection control procedures. it also necessitates a widening of the differential diagnosis in high risk patients. it has also resulted in an increase in the number of patients presenting with diseases such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, kaposi's sarcoma etc. which prior t ... | 1993 | 8233226 |
| disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection involving the neck and nasopharynx. | in summary, several points should be emphasized: 1. adenoidal hypertrophy in a person who previously underwent adenoidectomy should lead to the suspicion of hiv infection. 2. p. carinii should be included in the differential diagnosis of adenoidal enlargement in hiv infections. 3. extrapulmonary calcification should lead to the suspicion of p. carinii infection. | 1993 | 8233521 |
| simultaneous nocardial empyema and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as an initial manifestation of hiv infection. | 1993 | 8235799 | |
| determination of pentamidine isethionate in air. | a concern currently exists regarding the potential for exposure of health care workers to pentamidine isethionate, a drug used for prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus infection. in order to evaluate worker exposures, a sampling and analytical method for pentamidine isethionate in air has been developed. this method involves sampling with a 37-mm pvc membrane filter at 1 to 2 l/min, recovery wi ... | 1993 | 8237795 |
| case report: hypercalcemia in a patient with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii infection is commonly seen in patients infected with hiv, and there is evidence of macrophage involvement in the disease process. macrophage dysfunction can result in abnormal vitamin d metabolism as is often seen in a granulomatous disease such as sarcoidosis. this article describes a patient with aids who had p. carinii pneumonia and hypercalcemia and had elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels, the first such reported case in the literature. there was no other evidence of ... | 1993 | 8238087 |
| human immunodeficiency virus production by alveolar lymphocytes is increased during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | several factors are known to upregulate in vitro hiv expression by infected t cells, such as certain cytokines and cell-cell interactions. the effect of such factors, involved in immune responses, has never been evaluated in relation to hiv production by infected cells in vivo. to do so, we assessed hiv production by enriched alveolar and blood lymphocytes using a quantitative p24 antigen coculture. this was performed in 32 hiv-seropositive subjects in relation to their pulmonary infectious stat ... | 1993 | 8239168 |
| [unusual presentation of pneumocystis carinii infection]. | 1993 | 8239219 | |
| identifying pneumocystis carinii in pleural effusions. | 1993 | 8239256 | |
| antibodies to pneumocystis carinii in danish blood donors and aids patients with and without pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | sera from 1) 8 aids patients with pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia, 2) 13 hiv antibody-positive patients, 9 with aids and 4 with aids-related symptoms, all 13 without pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and 3) 36 healthy male blood donors, all hiv antibody negative, were examined for antibodies against pneumocystis carinii using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique. seven (87%) out of eight sera from group 1, 12 (92%) out of 13 sera from group 2, and 35 (97%) out of 36 sera from group ... | 1993 | 8240790 |
| [the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infection]. | 1993 | 8243242 | |
| hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with lymphoid malignancy. | hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by oral therapy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) is described in 2 elderly japanese patients with lymphoid malignancy, who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and improved. a high dose of cotrimoxazole induced hyperkalaemia with the elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea, and increased urinary n-acetyl glucosaminase after several days of the drug administration in these patients; one patient became unconscious. discontinuat ... | 1993 | 8244201 |
| phagocytosis and stimulation of the respiratory burst in neutrophils by pneumocystis carinii. | phagocytosis and superoxide production of neutrophils stimulated with pneumocystis carinii were studied using p. carinii obtained from rats and neutrophils and serum from healthy blood donors. superoxide generation increased in a dose-related way to the number of pneumocysts added and was significantly higher when the parasites were opsonized. the use of heat-inactivated serum for opsonization reduced superoxide production somewhat, but not significantly. preincubation of neutrophils with recomb ... | 1993 | 8245530 |
| multiple pneumonias in a man infected with hiv. | there are many pathogens responsible for pneumonia in persons infected with hiv. this case report describes a patient with pneumonias diagnosed sequentially and caused by pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium gordonae, and coccidioides immitis. it demonstrates the importance of pursuing a definitive or additional diagnosis in hiv-related pulmonary disease when the response to empiric therapy or to treatment of an identified pathogen is suboptimal. | 1993 | 8245813 |
| [weekly low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. review of the literature]. | methotrexate (mtx) is an antifolic drug that in recent years has been largely employed in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). both short and long term clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy and good tolerability. it induces a significant improvement of all clinical variables and a decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and other acute phase reactants with a steroid sparing effect. the probability of continuing mtx therapy for up to 5 years is 46-55% whereas that of contin ... | 1993 | 8247309 |
| group i self-splicing introns in both large and small subunit rrna genes of chlorella. | we report the presence of group i self-splicing introns in both nuclear small subunit (ssu) and large subunit (lsu) rrnas of the unicellular green alga chlorella ellipsoidea. the ssu intron (442 nt) was located at a position within the highly conserved helix 48 that was close to the 3' terminus of ssu rrna: the position was exactly the same as previously reported for the pneumocystis carinii group i intron. the lsu intron (445 nt) was found in a highly conserved helix region (between positions 9 ... | 1993 | 8247750 |
| hiv-infected children in the pediatric emergency department. | forty-three nonhemophiliac, confirmed hiv-positive children followed by the children's hospital aids program made 184 visits to the children's emergency department (ed) during 1988 and 1989. the mean age was 30 +/- 28 months with a median of 25 months, a mode of 10 months, and a range from two days to 19 years. cd4 counts from within six months of the visit were available in 87% and were low enough to require pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis under current guidelines in 52%. chief compl ... | 1993 | 8247930 |
| [inter-human transmission of pneumocystis carinii. risk evaluation in onco-hematology]. | 1993 | 8248076 | |
| [etiologic diagnosis of pneumonia in hiv-aids patients. usefulness of fibrobronchoscopy]. | to assess the usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the etiologic diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with aids. | 1993 | 8248640 |
| igm response to a human pneumocystis carinii surface antigen in hiv-infected patients with pulmonary symptoms. | we have developed an elisa to detect igm antibodies to a major human pneumocystis carinii surface antigen (gp95), and investigated the igm response in 128 hiv-infected patients who underwent bronchoscopy for evaluation of pulmonary symptoms. only 5 (4%) patients had igm antibodies to p. carinii gp95. four of the 5 patients with igm antibodies also had igg antibodies to gp95 and microbiologically proven p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). in 76/128 patients for whom serial samples were available, changes ... | 1993 | 8248753 |
| fever among outpatients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. | fever is common among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. however, the clinical implications of fever in this population have not been evaluated. we therefore undertook a prospective study of fever in persons with advanced hiv infection to determine the incidence and etiology of fever in this patient group. | 1993 | 8250651 |
| simple and rapid two-step polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection. | two amplification steps were made to detect pneumocystis carinii dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). paz102-e and paz102-h (standard pcr), paz102-l2 (sense), and paz102-e (antisense) (two-step pcr) were used as primers. the amplification products were analyzed by ethidium bromide. after the two-step pcr, ethidium bromide detected all samples positive by oligohybridization after one amplification step. our two-step pcr is a rapid, cost-effective, and clinically suitable method for the detecti ... | 1993 | 8253985 |
| regulation of surfactant phosphatidylcholine secretion from alveolar type ii cells during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat. | we used an immunosuppressed rat model to test the hypothesis that normal mechanisms regulating surfactant phosphatidylcholine synthesis and secretion in alveolar type ii cells are aberrant in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. animal groups included: group 1, healthy controls; group 2, immunosuppressed, without pneumocystosis; group 3, immunosuppressed with pneumocystosis; group 4, immunosuppressed with well-established pneumocystosis treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx). type ii ce ... | 1993 | 8254031 |
| rapid diagnosis of cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by using the capillary polymerase chain reaction. | we attempted to detect cytomegalovirus dna (cmv-dna) and pneumocystis carinii dna (p. carinii-dna) in sputum samples of 18 hematological neoplasm patients with pneumonia, using rapid cycle dna amplification. a thermal cycler based on recirculating hot air was used for rapid temperature control of 10-microliters samples in this glass capillary tubes. after a total amplification time of 15 min, the amplified products were electrophoresed on agarose gels and visualized with ethidium bromide. in thr ... | 1993 | 8254213 |
| [an animal model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and therapeutic efficacy of interferon-gamma in this model]. | to evaluate the efficacy of drugs for treatment, we tried to make an animal model of pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) pneumonia. specific pathogen free (spf) rats immunosuppressed with corticosteroid were intratracheally inoculated with p. carinii. six weeks after the inoculation, the lung sections of infected rat lung showed increased numbers of p. carinii in the alveoli and thickening of alveolar septa with mononuclear cell infiltration. from 7 to 9 weeks after inoculation, the intensity of i ... | 1993 | 8254217 |
| improved outcomes in intensive care units for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: 1987-1991. | respiratory failure due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common complication requiring an intensive care unit (icu) for persons with aids. in this study, we evaluated patterns of icu use for icu patients with first-episode pcp in 15 veterans administration medical centers from 1987 to 1991. twelve percent of all patients with pcp received care in the icu. the survival rates improved steadily during these years. although there was little variation in the relative frequency of i ... | 1993 | 8254469 |
| [cytomegalovirus antigenemia in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. | for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates after bone marrow transplantation, cytomegalovirus (cmv) antigenemia was evaluated in 9 episodes of pneumonia which developed in 7 allogeneic marrow transplant patients between 9 and 495 days after transplant. the diagnosis of lung infiltration was made based on clinical findings including histological, cytological or microbiological examinations using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens, sputum or lung tissue. the cmv antigen-positive l ... | 1993 | 8254905 |
| [clinicopathological study of 10 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic factors in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). from 1976 through 1991, a total of 10 pcp cases were pathologically diagnosed of our hospital. all patients were immunocompromised hosts treated with corticosteroids and/or cytotoxic drugs for their underlying diseases of malignancy in 6 and autoimmune disease in 4. the frequent symptoms in the early stage of pcp were fever in 9 and dry cough in 4 patients. the chest x-ra ... | 1993 | 8255015 |
| histologically atypical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | infection with pneumocystis carinii typically results in a pneumonia which histologically is seen to consist of an eosinophilic foamy alveolar exudate associated with a mild plasma cell interstitial infiltrate. special stains show that cysts of p carinii lie within the alveolar exudate. atypical histological appearances may occasionally be seen, including a granulomatous pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage. in these patients the clinical presentation may be atypical and results of investigatio ... | 1993 | 8256247 |
| respiratory illness in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. the pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | although the pulmonary complications of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection have been well described, there is little information on respiratory manifestations of earlier disease. this report describes the respiratory disorders diagnosed over an 18-month period in a cohort of persons with or at risk for hiv infection with variable immunologic status. cohort members were followed routinely and evaluated for respiratory disease by standard diagnostic algorithms. the 18-month inci ... | 1993 | 8256894 |
| serum type iii procollagen peptide in patients with pneumocystis carinii infection. the copenhagen-amsterdam pcp-prednisolone study group. | inflammation may play a central role in the pathogenesis of hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). serum levels of the amino-terminal propeptide of type iii procollagen (piiinp) reflect inflammatory activity in granulation tissue and in chronic rheumatic and liver disorders. to investigate changes in piiinp serum levels during an episode of hiv-related pcp, consecutive serum samples were taken from 48 hiv-infected patients with pcp in a randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effe ... | 1993 | 8256900 |
| upper and middle lobe bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains the most common lethal opportunistic pulmonary infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). although the use of prophylactic inhaled pentamidine has effectively reduced the frequency of primary and recurrent episodes of pcp, the aerosolization of pentamidine may have altered the localization of active pcp, resulting in more upper lobe disease. the distribution of disease may have also affected the diagnostic accuracy of ... | 1993 | 8256901 |
| 8-aminoquinolines effective against pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo. | the activities of 25 8-aminoquinolines were compared in tests assessing the ability of the compounds to inhibit the growth of pneumocystis carinii in culture. six compounds were effective at or below 0.03 microm: cdri 80/53, nsc19894, nsc305805, nsc305812, wr182234, and primaquine. four others were effective at between 0.2 and 0.03 microm: nsc305835, wr225448, wr238605, and wr242511. fourteen drugs were also tested in a standard model of p. carinii pneumonia in rats at daily doses of 2 mg/kg of ... | 1993 | 8257140 |
| evidence for human immunodeficiency virus infection of the lung. | pulmonary disease is a frequent manifestation in the terminal stages of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), and is caused mainly by a number of opportunistic microorganisms, most commonly pneumocystis carinii. despite the extensive involvement of the lung in the pathogenesis of aids, until recently little was known about the role of human immunodeficiency (hiv). in this review we will discuss the cellular tropism and phenotypic characterisation of hiv strains isolated from the lung. the ... | 1993 | 8257979 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus: study of eight cases. | to evaluate the risk factors and the natural history of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv). | 1993 | 8258000 |
| [adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in aids patients]. | the aim of the present was to evaluate the incidence of side effects to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx) in 32 patients with aids and pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii. | 1993 | 8260515 |
| molecular and cell biology of opportunistic infections in aids. pneumocystis carinii. | 1993 | 8261173 | |
| dna amplification by the polymerase chain reaction to detect sub-clinical pneumocystis carinii colonization in hiv-positive and hiv-negative male homosexuals with and without respiratory symptoms. | pneumocystis carinii colonization was studied in 90 men using the polymerase chain reaction. these comprised ten heterosexual controls; ten hiv-seronegative homosexual controls; 20 hiv-seropositive homosexuals with blood cd4 count > 400 x 10(6) l-1; 20 hiv-seropositive homosexuals with cd4 < 400 x 10(6) l-1; ten hiv-seropositive homosexuals with cd4 < 60 x 10(6) l-1 receiving pcp chemoprophylaxis; and 20 hiv-seropositive homosexuals with respiratory symptoms but without pcp. induced sputum was o ... | 1993 | 8265840 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an hiv-negative, 8-month-old infant. | 1993 | 8267243 | |
| pharmacokinetics of trimetrexate glucuronate in infants with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8267286 | |
| pneumocystis carinii: recent advances in basic biology and their clinical application. | 1993 | 8267902 | |
| frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients undergoing sputum induction for diagnosis of suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to determine the frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) in patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1993 | 8267908 |
| [a case of cytomegalovirus pneumonia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with lung cancer--diagnosis by the polymerase chain reaction]. | a 64-year-old male was admitted to oita medical university hospital because of primary lung cancer. after the anticancer chemotherapy, the patient developed a high fever. his chest x-ray showed diffuse reticular shadows bilaterally, which were considered to be a drug induced pneumonia, then pulse therapy with corticosteroid was performed. with this treatment, the diffuse reticular shadows disappeared. one month later, however, a severe interstitial pneumonia developed, and the patient died of re ... | 1993 | 8270803 |
| the changing epidemiology of infections at cancer hospitals. | intensive chemotherapy regimens, widespread prophylactic and therapeutic administration of antibiotics, reliance on intravascular catheters, increased use of immunomodulators, and increased outpatient management have altered the epidemiology of infections in patients with neoplastic disease. at many centers, bacteremias due to gram-positive organisms have replaced bacteremias due to gram-negative organisms as the most frequent infections in patients with cancer. isolation of gram-negative bacill ... | 1993 | 8274595 |
| prevention of infections in patients with t cell defects. | although no specific infection is limited entirely to hosts with t-lymphocyte defects, certain microbial organisms have an affinity for such individuals. effective, safe, and feasible methods are available for the prevention of two of the major life-threatening infections in patients with t-lymphocyte defects, although none of these methods is ideal. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administered orally daily or thrice weekly is highly effective for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ... | 1993 | 8274602 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without aids. | in the 1980s, tens of thousands of cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurred in persons with aids, making it the most common opportunistic infection encountered in this patient population. thus, the presentation and clinical course of pcp became well-known to many physicians. overshadowed by this epidemic was the continued occurrence of pcp in persons not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, most notably those receiving immunosuppressive therapy for neoplastic disease or ... | 1993 | 8274607 |
| update on laboratory tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in hiv-1-infected individuals. | various diagnostic tests, both specific and nonspecific, are available in the clinical laboratories for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) infection and associated respiratory pathogens. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains the most common pulmonary disease in hiv-1-infected individuals and there have been no significant advances in the laboratory diagnosis of the pathogen beyond the traditional microscopic examination of specimens. in contrast, the greatest revolution in labora ... | 1993 | 8278683 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | pneumocystis carinii infection remains extremely common in the immunocompromised patient population, particularly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, despite the availability of effective prophylaxis. although most commonly presenting as an acute pneumonia, the organism can infect a multitude of different organs, and thus may pose difficulty in diagnosis. because effective treatment regimens such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) and parenteral pentamidine are ... | 1993 | 8278684 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and methotrexate therapy. | 1993 | 8280237 | |
| changing incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as initial aids defining disease in the united kingdom. | to determine whether the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) as the initial aids-defining disease in adult aids cases in the united kingdom is changing over time and to examine factors likely to affect it. | 1993 | 8280421 |
| [life threatening pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a 4-month-old boy with hyper-igm syndrome]. | at the age of four months, a boy with a normal history and family history, suddenly fell ill with a life-threatening pneumocystis carinii-pneumonia. surprisingly, this opportunistic infection was not brought about by a t-cell deficiency. however, the patient's diagnosis turned out to be the rare "hyper-igm-syndrome", confirmed by: serum levels of igm always at least normal whereas igg, iga and ige were markedly decreased or absent; the development of neutropenia and occasional diarrhea. generall ... | 1993 | 8283991 |
| pneumatoceles and pneumothorax after pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is common in patients with aids. the usual chest x-ray pattern is a diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrate. nevertheless, unusual roentgenographic forms can appear. a patient with pcp that resulted in pneumatoceles and a further pneumothorax is described. | 1993 | 8284529 |
| hiv-related morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa: opportunities for prevention. | a landmark paper on autopsies of representative samples of hiv-1 and/or hiv-2-infected patients in abidjan, cote d'ivoire, found disseminated tuberculosis (tb) as the chief cause of morbidity (wasting syndrome) and mortality. another important finding was the high prevalence of cerebral toxoplasmosis in contrast to somewhat lower figures for east african aids patients. the authors argue that few hiv-infected patients in africa survive long enough to develop the state of immunodeficiency that a ... | 1993 | 8286080 |
| the effect of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis regimens on the incidence of bacterial infections in hiv-infected patients. | 1993 | 8286088 | |
| the hastily obtained durable power of attorney: process for the sake of process? | in this case study, a young man presented to an emergency room complaining of shortness of breath and general malaise. after examination, he was admitted to the intensive care unit and therapy was begun for presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. his condition deteriorated and as preparations were made for intubation and mechanical ventilation, the issues of resuscitation and a durable power of attorney for healthcare were discussed with the patient for the first time. although the issue of res ... | 1993 | 8287177 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in multitransfused children with thalassemia. | two hundred and three multi-transfused children with thalassemia attending the thalassemia clinic of the charak palika hospital, new delhi were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies by elisa and all positive cases were confirmed by western blot. of the 203 children screened, 18 (8.9%) were hiv positive, and in these children a detailed immunological work up was done and compared to 18 age-matched hiv negative thalassemics as controls. the tests included absolute lymphocyte c ... | 1993 | 8288325 |
| molecular genetic distinction of pneumocystis carinii from rats and humans. | pneumocystis carinii from rats and from humans were compared with respect to electrophoretic karyotype, presence of dna sequences known to be repeated in rat-derived p. carinii, overall dna sequence homology, and the sequences at two genetic loci. the organisms from each host species were different in each respect. neither of two repeated dnas from rat-derived p. carinii was found in the genome of human-derived organisms, and total dna from rat-derived p. carinii failed to hybridize to human-der ... | 1993 | 8292993 |
| characterization of pneumocystis carinii preparations developed for lipid analysis. | pneumocystis carinii organisms were isolated from viral antibody-negative rats that had been infected by intratracheal intubation of organism preparations tested negative for common bacteria and fungi. infection scores of lungs from infected animals at the time of parasite isolation was > 5 (100-1,000 organisms/oil immersion field). electron microscopy of heavily infected lungs revealed that the pathogens adhered to type i pneumocytes and to each other, resulting in obstructions up to several ce ... | 1993 | 8292999 |
| severe pulmonary pneumocystosis in simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome induced by simian immunodeficiency virus: its characterization by the polymerase-chain-reaction method and failure of experimental transmission to immunodeficient animals. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) infection was observed in three of five rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac251). they showed severe symptoms similar to those associated with human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). histopathology revealed severe pulmonary pneumocystosis in one of three pc-positive monkeys, and anti-pc antibodies were detected in sera from two of the three monkeys. localization of pc organisms in various organs of the monkeys was examined by the p ... | 1993 | 8295897 |
| [bullous pneumopathy and spontaneous pneumothorax. atypical radiologic patterns of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is certainly the most frequent opportunistic pulmonary infection in aids patients. besides the conventional radiographic features demonstrating bilateral infiltrates and airspace consolidation, atypical radiologic patterns are reported in the literature, which are characterized by spontaneous pneumothorax and by the presence of bullae, cysts and areas of pulmonary cavitation. forty consecutive pcp patients were investigated, ten of them presenting with atypic ... | 1993 | 8296003 |
| fluorescence microscopy for pneumocystis carinii. | 1993 | 8296058 | |
| leishmania braziliensis causing visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection, identified with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction. | this study describes a male patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection, grade iv-c (oropharyngeal moniliasis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), associated with visceral involvement produced by leishmania braziliensis which was identified by deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization after the polymerase chain reaction had been performed. the patient was treated with molgramostim in association with meglumine antimonate to enhance macrophage destruction of parasites. | 1993 | 8296358 |
| pneumocystis carinii choroidopathy and aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis in a patient with aids. | 1993 | 8299056 | |
| increased risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with wegener's granulomatosis. | combining cyclophosphamide (cy) and corticosteroids has dramatically improved the prognosis of wegener's granulomatosis (wg). but this treatment carries the risks of severe infectious complications and drug toxicity. during a 10-month period, we observed 6 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 23 patients with biopsy-proven wg and renal involvement. these 23 patients were enrolled in a multicenter controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of either intermi ... | 1993 | 8299252 |
| studies on analogues of classical antifolates bearing the naphthoyl group in place of benzoyl in the side chain. | analogues of classical antifolates with the 4-aminobenzoyl group replaced by 4-amino-1-naphthoyl were synthesized for study after molecular modeling indicated ample spatial accommodation for the naphthalene ring and even larger groups in models based on reported x-ray crystallographic data describing the binding of methotrexate to human dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). the side-chain precursors, n-(4-amino- and 4-(methylamino)-1-naphthoyl)-l-glutamic acid diethyl esters, were synthesized, and the ... | 1993 | 8277497 |
| nude rats as a model of natural pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: sequential morphological study of lung lesions. | a spontaneous infection with pneumocystis carinii (p.c.) caused enzootic fatal pneumonia in a long-term experiment with athymic rowett nude (han:rnu rnu/rnu) and new zealand nude (han:nznu rnun/rnun) rats. in order to reproduce the infection and to characterize the early pathogenesis of lung lesions, 13 young athymic han:rnu and han:nznu rats from p.c.-free breeding colonies were housed together in one room with chronically p.c.-infected rats. they were killed after 8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 weeks, an ... | 1993 | 8300911 |
| atovaquone: a review. | to review the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of atovaquone. | 1993 | 8305784 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants and children. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common opportunistic infection in adults and children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). without prophylaxis, half of all these children will develop pcp at sometime during their illness. the disease is associated with high mortality and a poor prognosis for long-term survival in this patient population. in infants and young children, pcp may be a primary infection, compared with reactivation of a latent infection that is usuall ... | 1993 | 8302691 |
| identification and initial characterization of pneumocystis carinii soluble antigens in rabbit serum and lung lavage. | lung lavage and serum samples from azathioprin-treated (acute-phase infection) and untreated (non acute-phase infection) rabbits were used in the immunoblotting technique to look for pneumocystis carinii (pc) soluble antigens, using rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against rabbit-derived pc antigens and labeled with peroxidase. analysis of the supernatant of lavage fluid after centrifugation to sediment intact organisms revealed components of approximately 80, 60-65, 55, 39 and 27 kda in acut ... | 1993 | 23195548 |
| an ulcerated plaque in a gay man. | a 28-year-old homosexual man presented to our outpatient department with a solitary 2.0 × 1.5-cm ulcerated nodule on the forehead that had been present for 4 months (fig 1). he denied any systemic symptoms such as weight loss, fevers, headaches, or visual disturbances. on examination, the nodule appeared translucent and clinically resembled a basal cell carcinoma with superficial telangiectases and rolled edges. his history included inflammatory bowel disease, anal condyloma, intravenous drug ab ... | 1993 | 27081776 |
| respiratory infections in the immunocompromised patient. | damage to local and systemic defences of the lungs makes the immunocompromised host vulnerable to inhaled microorganisms. the type of underlying disease and its associated immunodeficiency allow a high degree of accurate pathogen prediction. neutropenia is associated with gram-negative bacilli pneumonia. prolonged neutropenia increases the risk of aspergillosis and mucormycosis. cellular immunodeficiency is associated with pneumocystis carinii, legionella spp. and intracellular parasites includi ... | 1993 | 18611585 |
| pentamidine congeners 1: synthesis of cis- and trans-butamidine analogues as anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia agents. | butamidine analogues possessing unsaturation in the ether bridge between the bisamidinophenyl or bisimidazolinophenyl functionalities have been synthesized as semirigid congeners of pentamidine. these compounds demonstrated good anti-p. carinii pueumonia activity in a rat model of the disease. | 1993 | 21451734 |
| genereviews | the was-related disorders, which include wiskott-aldrich syndrome, x-linked thrombocytopenia (xlt), and x-linked congenital neutropenia (xln), are a spectrum of disorders of hematopoietic cells, with predominant defects of platelets and lymphocytes caused by mutations in was. was-related disorders usually present in infancy. affected males have thrombocytopenia with intermittent mucosal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, and intermittent or chronic petechiae and purpura; eczema; and recurrent bacterial ... | 1993 | 20301357 |
| genereviews | schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (siod) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (sed) resulting in disproportionate short stature, nephropathy, and t-cell deficiency. radiographic manifestations of sed include ovoid and mildly flattened vertebral bodies, small deformed capital femoral epiphyses, and shallow dysplastic acetabular fossae. adult height is 136-157 cm for men and 98.5-143 cm for women. nearly all affected individuals have progressiv ... | 1993 | 20301550 |
| pneumocystis prophylaxis for all, some, or no hiv-infected infants less than one year of age: a decision analysis approach. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity among infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the preferred prophylaxis strategy for such infants is a subject of debate. medical decision analysis was used to determine the preferred strategy for primary pcp prophylaxis among asymptomatic hiv-infected infants less than one year of age, and to determine the thresholds at which different variables influence decision making. utility measur ... | 1993 | 22346469 |
| diagnosing symptomatic hiv infection and aids in adults. | the us centers for disease control in 1982 listed conditions and infections then associated with aids. that case definition, used as a model for many countries, was designed primarily for epidemiologic surveillance and now includes more than 20 conditions. the definition, however, requires diagnostic and laboratory technologies which are not always available in developing countries. the world health organization (who) therefore published the bangui definition in 1985 which uses clinical crite ... | 1993 | 12288934 |
| does experience improve hospital performance in treating patients with aids? | this paper examines how experience affects hospital performance in treating patients with aids. the most common life-threatening medical complication of aids is pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). studies of patients with pcp demonstrate that patients who received care at hospitals that were more experienced with aids had lower immediate mortality. these higher volume medical facilities did not use more resources but used resources more efficiently and provided better medical care. better outc ... | 1993 | 10125810 |
| atovaquone - a novel broad-spectrum anti-infective drug. | atovoquone is a novel hydroxynaphthoquinone that is currently showing clinical promise for the treatment of malaria and the aids-associated diseases pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplosmosis. the drug is the end product of half a century of research by numerous groups who have investigated the ontiporositic properties of many related compounds. atovaquone is the only member of the series to show therapeutic activity in humans when taken orally. in this article, alan hudson explores the ba ... | 1993 | 15463712 |
| clostridium difficile colitis associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1994 | 8304370 | |
| comparison of corticosteroid- and l3t4+ antibody-immunosuppressed mouse models of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for evaluation of drugs and leukocytes. | an immunologically immunosuppressed mouse model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia using antibody developed by dialynas et al. (immunol. rev. 74:29-55, 1983) directed to l3t4+ t cells (referred to as l3t4+ antibody) was compared with a corticosteroid-immunosuppressed mouse model. corticosteroid- or l3t4+ antibody-immunosuppressed balb/c mice transtracheally inoculated with p. carinii developed severe infections within 5 weeks after inoculation and responded to treatments with an echinocandin b an ... | 1994 | 8556494 |
| incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during intravenous pentamidine therapy in hiv-infected patients. | there have been 15 published cases of probable pentamidine-induced torsade de pointes (tdp). a prospective analysis of this complication of therapy is valuable considering the high frequency of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the aids population, and the role of pentamidine in its therapy. | 1994 | 8306734 |
| rapid clinical diagnosis of pulmonary abnormalities in hiv-seropositive patients by auscultatory percussion. | a prospective, blinded study of pulmonary findings in hospitalized patients with hiv infection compared auscultatory percussion (ausp) with conventional percussion (conp) and conventional auscultation (cona) using chest radiographs as the gold standard. sixty-three patients had chest radiographs and were examined by one to three examiners. seventy of the 126 lungs had radiographic abnormalities (55.6 percent). auscultatory percussion proved to be the most sensitive of all techniques for each exa ... | 1994 | 8306736 |