Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| utilization of phosphorus in lactating cows fed varying amounts of phosphorus and sources of fiber. | this study was undertaken to determine the effect of dietary p content and fiber source on p utilization. four dietary treatments were formed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. the p content was 0.32 or 0.44%, and the fiber source was varied by substituting 10% soyhulls for 6% alfalfa hay on a dry matter (dm) basis. diets also contained approximately 50% corn silage and alfalfa silage for all treatments. the diets were fed to 32 early to midlactation holsteins for 10 wk. fecal p excretion was est ... | 2005 | 16027200 |
| rumen fermentation and intestinal supply of nutrients in dairy cows fed rumen-protected soy products. | four multiparous lactating holstein cows that were fistulated in the rumen and duodenum and that averaged 205 d in milk were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design to evaluate the practical replacement of solvent-extracted soybean meal (ssbm) with soy protein products of reduced ruminal degradability. on a dry matter (dm) basis, diets contained 15% alfalfa silage, 25% corn silage, 34.3 to 36.9% corn grain, 19.4% soy products, 18.2% crude protein, 25.5% neutral detergent fiber, and 35.3% starch. in ... | 2005 | 16027203 |
| a survey of selected heavy metal concentrations in wisconsin dairy feeds. | heavy metals such as zinc (zn), copper (cu), chromium (cr), arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), and lead (pb) are potential bioaccumulative toxins of the dairy production system. the heavy metal content of dairy feeds, however, remains poorly documented, particularly in the united states. this survey determined the heavy metal content of 203 typical dairy ration components sampled from 54 dairy farms in wisconsin. lowest heavy metal concentrations were found in homegrown alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) hay ... | 2005 | 16027206 |
| selection of bacteria and plant seeds for potential use in the remediation of diesel contaminated soils. | enumeration and recovery of the dominant bacteria from a chronically fuel contaminated soil has been investigated. bacterial counts from these polluted soils ranged between 0.70x10(8) and 28.20x10(8) cfu/g soil. three different types of bacterial colonies have been recovered on the agar plates. biochemical examination of the recovered bacteria revealed that they mainly belonged to the genus pseudomonas, micrococcus and bacillus. turbidity, cell biomass (dry weight basis), and physical appearance ... | 2005 | 16028197 |
| use of suppression-subtractive hybridization to identify genes in the burkholderia cepacia complex that are unique to burkholderia cenocepacia. | we have previously shown differences in virulence between species of the burkholderia cepacia complex using the alfalfa infection model and the rat agar bead chronic infection model. burkholderia cenocepacia strains were more virulent in these two infection models than burkholderia multivorans and burkholderia stabilis strains. in order to identify genes that may account for the increased virulence of b. cenocepacia, suppression-subtractive hybridization was performed between b. cenocepacia k56- ... | 2005 | 16030222 |
| alfalfa as a single dietary source for molt induction in laying hens. | molting is a process by which a hen's reproductive tract is rejuvenated prior to the beginning of a laying cycle. this process is often artificially induced in commercial settings in order to extend the productive life of a flock of hens. the most common method for the induction of molt is feed withdrawal for a period of several days. it has been noted that feed withdrawal, while effective in inducing molt and allowing an adequate reproductive rest period for the hen, may cause deleterious effec ... | 2005 | 15501663 |
| use of artificial environments to reproduce and exploit genotype x location interaction for lucerne in northern italy. | genotype x environment interaction effects can be exploited by breeding for specific adaptation to well-defined subregions within a target region. previous work showed that genotype x location interaction for dry matter (dm) yield of lucerne (medicago sativa l. subsp. sativa) cultivars in northern italy is large and associated with soil type and level of summer drought stress of locations, suggesting the presence of two contrasting subregions. thirteen farm landraces collected across the region ... | 2005 | 15558230 |
| a beef herd model for simulating feed intake, animal performance, and manure excretion in farm systems. | a beef herd submodel was created for integration with other farm components to form a whole-farm model capable of simulating a wide range of beef production systems. this herd submodel determined the best available feed or feed mix to meet the fiber, energy, and protein requirements for each of up to six animal groups on the farm. the groups comprised any combination of cows, nursing calves, young heifers, yearling heifers, stockers, and finishing cattle. protein, energy, and mineral requirement ... | 2005 | 15583064 |
| dry matter intake and digestion of alfalfa harvested at sunset and sunrise. | the preference exhibited by animals in selecting one feed over another is important only if the preferred diet is consumed daily in larger quantities, digested to a greater extent, or both. six alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) hays were harvested in pairs at sunset (pm) and sunrise (am) on consecutive days at three harvest dates. a previous study of these hays demonstrated differences in ruminant preference favoring pm harvests. this study evaluated the effects of time of cutting and harvest date on ... | 2005 | 15583067 |
| determination of rumen degradability and ruminal effects of three sources of methionine in lactating cows. | objectives were to quantify the ruminal effects and flows to the omasum of met provided as 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (hmb), the isopropyl ester of hmb (hmbi), and dl-met. eight ruminally cannulated cows were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square design. treatments were 1) no met (control), 2) hmb at 0.10% of dm, 3) hmbi at 0.13% of dm, and 4) dl-met at 0.088% of dm. diets were identical except for type of met supplement and were based on corn silage and alfalfa hay at 30 and 13% o ... | 2005 | 15591385 |
| comparison of a corn silage hybrid with high cell-wall content and digestibility with a hybrid of lower cell-wall content on performance of holstein cows. | we hypothesized that substituting a corn hybrid with high cell-wall content and high neutral detergent fiber (ndf) digestibility (hcw) for a hybrid with lower cell-wall content and lower ndf digestibility (lcw) would improve feed intake and milk production in lactating holstein cows. there was a 3.6 percentage unit difference in ndf content and a 4.1 percentage unit difference in 30-h in vitro ndf digestion between the 2 corn hybrids. in trial 1, 40 cows (12 primiparous) ranging in milk producti ... | 2005 | 15591387 |
| biodegradation of atrazine in transgenic plants expressing a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolase (atza) gene. | atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in the usa. atrazine chlorohydrolase (atza), the first enzyme in a six-step pathway leading to the mineralization of atrazine in gram-negative soil bacteria, catalyses the hydrolytic dechlorination and detoxification of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine. in this study, we investigated the potential use of transgenic plants expressing atza to take up, dechlorinate and detoxify atrazine. alfalfa, arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco were transformed with a ... | 2005 | 17173634 |
| comparison of the symbiotic and competition phenotypes of sinorhizobium meliloti phb synthesis and degradation pathway mutants. | the competitive abilities of sinorhizobium meliloti mutant strains containing lesions in the phb synthesis (phbc) and degradation (bdha) pathways were compared. while the bdha mutant showed no noticeable symbiotic defects on alfalfa host plants when inoculated alone, in mixed inoculation experiments it was found to be less competitive than the wild type for nodule occupancy. long-term survival of the bdha mutant on a carbon-limiting medium was not affected. however, when subjected to competition ... | 2005 | 16175209 |
| [degradation process and plant diversity of alfalfa grassland in north loess plateau of china]. | vegetation recovery and reconstruction is the key of ecosystem restoration in the north loess plateau. with the liudaogou catchment of shenmu county, shaanxi province as test area, this paper studied the dynamics of the plant diversity of artificial alfalfa (medicago sativa) grassland during its degradation process. the results showed that the degradation process of the grassland could be divided into three stages, i.e., artificial alfalfa grassland stage (1-6 yrs), transitional stage from artif ... | 2005 | 16515180 |
| strain distribution of alfalfa weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) in an intergrade zone. | strain distribution for the alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal), was determined for the five major alfalfa-growing regions of new mexico. mitochondrial dna from field-collected weevils at each location was digested and sequenced to differentiate among strains. eastern, egyptian, and western strains were recovered, along with a population not matching any known strain. the majority of sites examined had populations of two strains intermingled within a field. this is the first confirmation ... | 2005 | 16539129 |
| the effect of predators and hymenopterous parasites on population fluctuations of alfalfa aphids. | among alfalfa pests in iran three aphid species, green alfalfa aphid acyrthosiphon pisum harris spotted alfalfa aphid therioaphis trifolii forma maculata buckton and blue alfalfa aphid, acyrthosiphon kondoi shinji are important pests. the green alfalfa aphid can be observed all along the growing season particularly from late may to mid june at karaj climate conditions. during this period, the mean monthly maximum temperature and relative humidity were about 28 degrees c and 60-65% respectively. ... | 2005 | 16628912 |
| crop protection by seed coating. | providence of sufficient and healthy food for increasing human population clears the importance of notice to increasing crop production in company with environmental loss reduction. growth and yield of every plant with sexual reproduction, depends on germination & emergence of sown seeds. seed is a small alive plant that its biological function is protection and nutrition of embryo. biological, chemical and physiological characteristics of seed, affect on plant performance & its resistance to un ... | 2005 | 16637182 |
| detection of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) in pea field in iran. | during the spring and summer, in 2003-2004, pea viruses were identified in twenty pea fields of tehran. some leaf samples were collected randomly from pea fields of tehran. samples were tested by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) technique using polyclonal antiserum of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), as-0001, dsmz, braunschweig, germany). the samples were extracted in 0.1 m phosphate buffer ph 7 to 7.5 and inoculated on chenopodium amaranticolor, chenopodium quin ... | 2005 | 16637206 |
| evaluation of abundance of aerobic bacteria in the rhizosphere of transgenic and non-transgenic alfalfa lines. | fourteen genetically modified lines of alfalfa (medicago sativa) containing the gene ov from japanese quail, coding for a methionine-rich protein ovalbumin, were evaluated for nodulation ability and concentration of aerobic bacteria in the rhizosphere. the transgenic lines were derived from a highly regenerable genotype rg9/i-14-22, selected from cv. lucia. on selective media, a higher concentration of ammonifying bacteria, bacterial spores, denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria were observed in ... | 2005 | 16681149 |
| selenium volatilization in vegetated agricultural drainage sediment from the san luis drain, central california. | the presence of large amounts of se-laden agricultural drainage sediment in the san luis drain, central california, poses a serious toxic threat to wildlife in the surrounding environment. effective management of the drainage sediment becomes a practical challenge because the sediment is polluted with high levels of se, b, and salts. this two-year field study was conducted to identify the best plant species that are salt and b tolerant and that have a superior ability of volatilizing se from dra ... | 2005 | 16018890 |
| effects of burial in sand and water supply regime on seedling emergence of six species. | air seeding has long been regarded as a quick and successful measure for vegetation rehabilitation in china. however, seedling emergence of often-used species including agriophyllum squarrosum, artemisia sphaerocephala, artemisia ordosica, hedysarum fruticosum, caragana korshinskii and medicago sativa is low. experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to study the effects of sowing depth and water supply on seedling emergence, in order to understand the requirements for increasing se ... | 2005 | 15820988 |
| mortality of captive giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis) associated with serous fat atrophy: a review of five cases at auckland zoo. | five giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis) died peracutely within an 8-yr period. the giraffe were maintained in an outside enclosure during the day and moved under shelter at night. all the deaths occurred in winter. all the dead giraffe had serous fat atrophy at postmortem. the giraffe were fed good quantities of browse, together with alfalfa hay and commercial supplements. retrospective analysis of the dietary ingredients showed that the diets were energy deficient. subsequent additional high-ener ... | 2005 | 17323573 |
| analysis of promoter activity of the early nodulin enod40 in lotus japonicus. | our comparative studies on the promoter (pr) activity of enod40 in the model legume lotus japonicus in stably transformed gusa reporter lines and in hairy roots of l. japonicus demonstrate a stringent regulation of the enod40 promoter in the root cortex and root hairs in response to nod factors. interestingly, the l. japonicus enod40-2 promoter fragment also shows symbiotic activity in the reverse orientation. deletion analyses of the glycine max (gm) enod40 promoter revealed the presence of a m ... | 2005 | 15915640 |
| health effects of phytoestrogens. | phytoestrogens are naturally occurring plant-derived phytochemicals, whose common biological roles are to protect plants from stress or to act as part of a plant's defense mechanism. although composed of a wide group of nonsteroidal compounds of diverse structure, phytoestrogens have been shown to bind estrogen receptors and to behave as weak agonist/antagonist in both animals and humans. phytoestrogens include mainly isoflavones (if), coumestans, and lignans. these compounds are known to be pre ... | 2005 | 15702593 |
| emergence success and sex ratio of commercial alfalfa leafcutting bees from the united states and canada. | samples of overwintering alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata (f.) (hymenoptera: megachilidae), cells were sent to the laboratory as loose cells or in nesting boards from bee managers in the united states and in canada. x-radiographs of cells were used for determining cell contents. cells containing live prepupae were incubated, and the sex of emerging adults was recorded daily. cells from which no adult emerged were dissected to determine the developmental stage of dead bees and sex of ... | 2005 | 16539094 |
| impact of disinfecting nesting boards on chalkbrood control in the alfalfa leafcutting bee. | the alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata (f.), is a solitary, cavity-nesting bee that has been managed in large numbers to pollinate alfalfa, medicago spp., seed crops since the 1960s. propagation of these bees from 1 yr to the next has been seriously hampered by chalkbrood, a larval disease caused by the fungus ascosphaera aggregata skou. in the united states, attempts to control the disease have been fairly unsuccessful, but include removing nests from the nesting boards and then disin ... | 2005 | 16156558 |
| alfalfa leafcutting bee population dynamics, flower availability, and pollination rates in two oregon alfalfa fields. | since the 1970s, it has become increasingly difficult for u.s. alfalfa seed producers to maintain megachile rotundata (f.) populations used for alfalfa, medicago sativa l., pollination. in 1998, we monitored m. rotundata population dynamics and foraging behavior, as well as alfalfa bloom and pollination rates in two fields in eastern oregon. despite marked differences in bee management, establishment was very similar in the two fields (approximately 0.5 females per nesting cavity) and lagged pea ... | 2005 | 16156556 |
| ascosphaera aggregata contamination on alfalfa leafcutting bees in a loose cell incubation system. | the alfalfa leafcutting bee, a solitary bee used to pollinate alfalfa seed crops, is seriously affected by chalkbrood, a larval disease caused by the fungus ascosphaera aggregata. one attempt to control the disease includes removing nests from the nesting boards (the "loose cell" system). we report here that adults emerging from the loose cells are heavily contaminated with a. aggregata spores. the contamination levels are not as high as previously reported for bees emerging directly from the bo ... | 2005 | 16087003 |
| significant microsynteny with new evolutionary highlights is detected between arabidopsis and legume model plants despite the lack of macrosynteny. | the increased amount of data produced by large genome sequencing projects allows scientists to carry out important syntenic studies to a great extent. detailed genetic maps and entirely or partially sequenced genomes are compared, and macro- and microsyntenic relations can be determined for different species. in our study, the syntenic relationships between key legume plants and two model plants, arabidopsis thaliana and populus trichocarpa were investigated. the comparison of the map position o ... | 2005 | 16273388 |
| cloning and expression analysis of a vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter gene from alfalfa. | a full-length cdna, named msnhx1, encoding a vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter was cloned from alfalfa (medicago sativa), using degenerate primers, followed by 3' and 5' race. the cdna sequence was 2225 bp long and included an open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 541-amino-acid polypeptide. the deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity (more than 73%) to those of the previously cloned na+/h+ antiporters form arabidopsis thaliana, qryza sativa, atriplex gemlinin, beta vulgaris and h ... | 2005 | 16243725 |
| [responses of medicago sativa and astragalus adsurgens seedlings growth and water use to soil moisture regime]. | in the semi-arid area of loess plateau, seasonal drought often occurs during the vegetative stage of grass plants, leading to the subsequent serious reduction of their yield. aimed to study the responses of the seedlings growth and water use of two perennial leguminous grasses medicago sativa and astragalus adsurgens to different soil moisture regimes, a pot experiment was installed with five treatments, i.e., adequate water supply (hw), moderate water stress (lw), soil drying gradually from hw ... | 2005 | 16515181 |
| targeted down-regulation of cytochrome p450 enzymes for forage quality improvement in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). | improving the digestibility of forages provides a means to enhance animal performance and protect the environment against excessive animal waste. increased lignin content during maturity, and corresponding changes in lignin composition, correlate with decreased digestibility of forages. these relationships have yet to be investigated in isogenic systems. by targeting three specific cytochrome p450 enzymes of the lignin pathway for antisense down-regulation, we generated transgenic alfalfa lines ... | 2005 | 16263933 |
| crystal structures of alfalfa caffeoyl coenzyme a 3-o-methyltransferase. | caffeoyl coenzyme a 3-o-methyltransferases (ccoaomts) are s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent o-methyltransferases (omts) involved in lignin biosynthesis. plant ccoaomts belong to a distinct family of omts, more closely related to the mammalian catechol omts than to other plant omts. the crystal structure of alfalfa (medicago sativa) ccoaomt in complex with the reaction products s-adenosine-l-homocysteine and feruloyl/sinapoyl coas presented here belong to a structurally and mechanistically distin ... | 2005 | 15734921 |
| application of dl-beta-aminobutyric acid (baba) as a root drench to legumes inhibits the growth and reproduction of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera: aphididae). | dl-beta-aminobutyric acid (baba) is a non-protein amino acid that is an effective inducer of resistance against a variety of plant pathogens. however, examples of baba-induced resistance against insect herbivores have not been reported. we applied baba as a soil drench to legumes and monitored its effects on the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (harris). on tic bean (vicia faba var. minor), baba increased aphid mortality, caused a reduction in the mean relative growth rate of individual insects and ... | 2005 | 16197565 |
| attraction of two lacewing species to volatiles produced by host plants and aphid prey. | it is well documented that host-related odors enable many species of parasitoids and predatory insects to locate their prey and prey habitats. this study reports the first characterization of prey and prey host odor reception in two species of lacewings, chrysoperla carnea (say) and chrysopa oculata l. 2-phenylethanol, one of the volatiles emitted from their prey's host plants (alfalfa and corn) evoked a significant eag response from antennae of c. carnea. traps baited with this compound attract ... | 2005 | 15812573 |
| aphid infestation causes different changes in carbon and nitrogen allocation in alfalfa stems as well as different inhibitions of longitudinal and radial expansion. | alfalfa (medicago sativa) stem elongation is strongly reduced by a pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum harris) infestation. as pea aphid is a phloem feeder that does not transmit virus or toxins, assimilate withdrawal is generally considered as the main mechanism responsible for growth reduction. using a kinematic analysis, we investigated the spatial distributions of relative elemental growth rates of control and infested alfalfa stems. the water, carbon, and nitrogen contents per unit stem length w ... | 2005 | 15778456 |
| aphid resistance in medicago truncatula involves antixenosis and phloem-specific, inducible antibiosis, and maps to a single locus flanked by nbs-lrr resistance gene analogs. | aphids and related insects feed from a single cell type in plants: the phloem sieve element. genetic resistance to acyrthosiphon kondoi shinji (bluegreen aphid or blue alfalfa aphid) has been identified in medicago truncatula gaert. (barrel medic) and backcrossed into susceptible cultivars. the status of m. truncatula as a model legume allows an in-depth study of defense against this aphid at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. in this study, two closely related resistant and susce ... | 2005 | 15778464 |
| population differentiation and genetic variation in host choice among pea aphids from eight host plant genera. | habitat choice plays a critical role in the processes of host range evolution, specialization, and ecological speciation. pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, populations from alfalfa and red clover in eastern north america are known to be genetically differentiated and show genetic preferences for the appropriate host plant. this species feeds on many more hosts, and here we report a study of the genetic variation in host plant preference within and between pea aphid populations collected from eight ... | 2006 | 17017058 |
| temporal habitat variability and the maintenance of sex in host populations of the pea aphid. | the evolutionary maintenance of sex, despite competition from asexual reproduction, has long intrigued the evolutionary biologists owing to its numerous apparent short-term costs. in aphids, winter climate is expected to determine the maintenance of sexual lineages in the high latitude zones owing to their exclusive ability to produce frost-resistant eggs. however, diverse reproductive modes may coexist at a local scale where climatic influence is counteracted by microgeographical factors. in th ... | 2006 | 17015368 |
| effect of low and high-saponin lines of alfalfa on pea aphid. | pea aphid fed on a high-saponin line of alfalfa showed reduction of reproduction and survival, and disturbance in development of its population. this line negatively influenced aphid probing behaviour, particularly prolonging the non-probing period and probing of the peripheral tissues (epidermis and mesophyll) and shortening the period of phloem sap ingestion. the high-saponin line of alfalfa differed from the low-saponin one by the presence of zanhic acid tridesmoside and a higher level of 3-g ... | 2006 | 16740274 |
| ecological specialization correlates with genotypic differentiation in sympatric host-populations of the pea aphid. | the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, encompasses distinct host races specialized on various fabaceae species, but the extent of genetic divergence associated with ecological specialization varies greatly depending on plant and geographic origins of aphid populations. here, we studied the genetic structure of french sympatric pea aphid populations collected on perennial (pea and faba bean) and annual (alfalfa and red clover) hosts using 14 microsatellite loci. classical and bayesian population gen ... | 2006 | 16599915 |
| mitosis-specific promoter of the alfalfa cyclin-dependent kinase gene (medsa;cdkb2;1) is activated by wounding and ethylene in a non-cell division-dependent manner. | cyclin-dependent serine/threonine kinases (cdks) have pivotal roles in regulating the eukaryotic cell cycle. plants possess a unique class of cdks (b-type cdks) with preferential protein accumulation at g2/m-phases; however, their exact functions are still enigmatic. here we describe the functional characterization of a 360-bp promoter region of the alfalfa (medicago sativa) cdkb2;1 gene in transgenic plants and cell lines. it is shown that the activity of the analyzed promoter was characteristi ... | 2006 | 16407448 |
| tillage and residue burning affects weed populations and seed banks. | an integrated weed management approach requires alternative management practices to herbicide use such as tillage, crop rotations and cultural controls to reduce soil weed seed banks. the objective of this study was to examine the value of different tillage practices and stubble burning to exhaust the seed bank of common weeds from the northern grain region of australia. five tillage and burning treatments were incorporated in a field experiment, at armidale (30 degrees 30's, 151 degrees 40'e), ... | 2006 | 17390813 |
| forage fibre digestion, rates of feed passage and gut fill in juvenile and adult red kangaroos macropus rufus desmarest: why body size matters. | using red kangaroos macropus rufus desmarest, a large (>20 kg) marsupial herbivore, we compared the digestive capabilities of juveniles with those of mature, non-lactating females on high-quality forage (chopped lucerne medicago sativa hay) of 43+/-1% neutral-detergent fibre (ndf) and poorer quality, high-fibre forage (chopped oaten avena sativa hay) of 64+/-1% ndf. on chopped lucerne apparent dry matter (dm) digestibilities by young-at-foot (yaf) red kangaroos (an age that would normally be tak ... | 2006 | 16574810 |
| isolation and characterization of class a4 heat shock transcription factor from alfalfa. | plant heat shock transcription factors (hsfs) regulate transcription of heat shock (hs) genes. in arabidopsis thaliana, 21 hsfs have been classified into groups a-c. members of class a act as typical transcriptional activators, whereas b hsfs function as coactivators or repressors depending on promoter context. the function of class c hsfs is still unclear. here, we present the isolation and characterization of the first hsf from alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and designate it mshsfa4 based on ami ... | 2006 | 22980202 |
| caterpillar herbivory and salivary enzymes decrease transcript levels of medicago truncatula genes encoding early enzymes in terpenoid biosynthesis. | in response to caterpillar herbivory, alfalfa and related plant species defend themselves through the induction of saponin and volatile terpenoid biosynthesis. both these types of defensive compounds are derived from the metabolic intermediate, isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp). in plants, two distinct biosynthetic pathways can generate ipp; the cytosolic mevalonate pathway and the plastid-associated 2c-methyl erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway. in medicago truncatula, transcript levels of key reg ... | 2006 | 16525889 |
| comparative toxicity and hazards of pesticides to apis and non-apis bees. a chemometrical study. | the adverse effects of 158 pesticides to the honey bee (apis mellifera), the alfalfa leafcutting bee (megachile rotundata) and the alkali bee (nomia melanderi) were compared by means of various linear and non-linear multivariate analyses. a comparison exercise including the bumble bee (bombus spp.) was also performed from a more restricted set of 32 pesticides. while no difference of sensitivity was found between a. mellifera and bombus spp., m. rotundata appeared the most susceptible to pestici ... | 2006 | 14758982 |
| thermal history influences diapause development in the solitary bee megachile rotundata. | respiration rate, time to pupation and the expression patterns of selected genes were examined during the diapause to post-diapause transition in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata held at constant 4 degrees c in winter storage. respiration quotients were at or below 0.7 from december to may and then increased to over 0.8 in june and july. the time required for prepupae to reach the pupal stage following transfer to 29 degrees c decreased from 23 days in december to 10 days in july ... | 2006 | 17049551 |
| effects of three-dimensional and color patterns on nest location and progeny mortality in alfalfa leafcutting bee (hymenoptera: megachilidae). | abstract in alfalfa, medicago sativa l., seed production where high bee densities are released, alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata (f.) (hymenoptera: megachilidae), females may enter several nesting holes before locating their nests. such levels of "wrong hole" visits lead to an increase in the time spent by females locating their own nests, thereby decreasing alfalfa pollination efficiency and possibly healthy brood production. the objectives of this study were to determine the effect ... | 2006 | 16813291 |
| epic tile flow and nitrate loss predictions for three minnesota cropping systems. | subsurface tile drains are a key source of nitrate n (no3-n) losses to streams in parts of the north central usa. in this study, the erosion productivity impact calculator (epic) model was evaluated by comparing measured vs. predicted tile flow, tile no3-n loss, soil profile residual no3-n, crop n uptake, and yield, using 4 yr of data collected at a site near lamberton, mn, for three crop rotations: continuous corn (zea mays l.) or cc, corn-soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] or cs, and continuous ... | 2006 | 11401271 |
| vulnerability assessment of new jersey's food supply to invasive species: the new jersey import project. | the united states' environment and economy have been severely impacted by unintentionally introduced biological organisms for the last 100 years. our ecosystems and biological reserves of conservation importance are regularly invaded by non-indigenous species. to help prevent future invaders from entering the ports, this project undertaken at the port of elizabeth proposed to: 1. catalog the different vegetable and fruit crops entering this country; 2. evaluate the potential risk to new jersey c ... | 2006 | 17145643 |
| [evolution of microflora during the conservation of forage in microsilos]. | fresh and wilted samples of lolium italicum a. br., dactylis glomerata l., medicago sativa l., have been ensiled in laboratory microsilos for the study of microflora evolution. the principal microbial groups (coliforms, proteolytic bacteria, clostridia, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts) have been detected and enumerated, in anaerobic atmosphere, after 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 180 days of ensiling. although the number of lactic acid bacteria resulted to the high in all the samples studied, they failed to p ... | 2006 | 7187351 |
| [feeding preferences of the spider misumenops pallidus (araneae: thomisidae) on potential prey insects from alfalfa crops]. | the spider misumenops pallidus (thomisidae) is commonly found in alfalfa crops. we studied its predatory preferences on potential insect prey, particularly regarding agroecosystems pests. two kinds of tests were done under normal laboratory conditions: simultaneous presentation of prey (n = 215) and alternative prey test (n = 45). the spiders preferred insects that were mobile, small, without defensive glands and with thin exoskeletons. according to the amount of prey consumed, we established fo ... | 2006 | 18494318 |
| effects, transfer, and fate of rdx from aged soil in plants and worms. | the objectives of this study were to provide data that can be used to predict exposure-based effects of rdx in aged soil on multiple endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. these data can be used for defining criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. dose-response experiments formed the basis for the evaluation of toxic effects and transfer of contaminants from soil into two trophic levels. long-term exposure tests were conduct ... | 2006 | 16045966 |
| structural basis for dual functionality of isoflavonoid o-methyltransferases in the evolution of plant defense responses. | in leguminous plants such as pea (pisum sativum), alfalfa (medicago sativa), barrel medic (medicago truncatula), and chickpea (cicer arietinum), 4'-o-methylation of isoflavonoid natural products occurs early in the biosynthesis of defense chemicals known as phytoalexins. however, among these four species, only pea catalyzes 3-o-methylation that converts the pterocarpanoid isoflavonoid 6a-hydroxymaackiain to pisatin. in pea, pisatin is important for chemical resistance to the pathogenic fungus ne ... | 2006 | 17172354 |
| influence of plant ontogeny and abiotic factors on resistance of glandular-haired alfalfa to potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | laboratory experiments were conducted to characterize the trichome-based defense of glandular-haired alfalfa, medicago sativa l., against the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris). within-plant variability in leafhopper resistance was examined by caging adult leafhoppers to either basal or apical stem internodes of the leafhopper-resistant, glandular-haired m. sativa genotype g98a or the susceptible, nonglandular-haired m. sativa 'ranger'. young, actively secreting glandular trichomes are l ... | 2006 | 16686157 |
| changes in heat production by mature cows after changes in feeding level. | we hypothesized that adaptation of heat production in the realimented cow would occur over an extended period, and the length of time would be influenced by the level of feed. our objectives were to quantify the changes in heat production of cows after feed restriction and to quantify the effect of level of realimentation on the dynamics of heat production in lightweight cows. forty 4-yr-old nonpregnant, nonlacting cows (4-breed composite: 1/4 hereford, 1/4 angus, 1/4 red poll, and 1/4 pinzgauer ... | 2006 | 16699100 |
| effect of processing flax in beef feedlot diets on performance, carcass characteristics, and trained sensory panel ratings. | to assess the effects of flax addition and flax processing on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics, 128 yearling beef heifers (360 +/- 14 kg of initial bw) were blocked by weight and assigned randomly to feedlot diets that included no flax (control), whole flax (whl), rolled flax (rld; 1,300 microm), or ground flax (grd; 700 microm). heifers were fed a growth diet (31% corn, 30% corn silage, 18% barley malt pellets, 14% alfalfa, 4% linseed meal, and 3% supplement; dm basis) for 56 d, ... | 2006 | 16699112 |
| effects of nitro compounds and feedstuffs on in vitro methane production in chicken cecal contents and rumen fluid. | short-chain volatile fatty acids (vfa) and methane are the products from a wide variety of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract. the objective of this study was to examine effects of feedstuff and select nitro compounds on vfa and methane production during in vitro incubation of laying hen cecal contents and rumen fluid from cattle and sheep. in the first experiment, one of the three nitro compound was added to incubations containing cecal contents from laying hens supplemented wi ... | 2006 | 16701620 |
| intake and performance of lactating cows grazing diverse forage mixtures. | twenty multiparous holstein cows in midlactation grazed pastures of 4 forage mixtures in a 12-wk study repeated during 2 grazing seasons to determine if forage mixture complexity affected intake and productivity of lactating dairy cows. the forage mixtures were 1) orchardgrass plus white clover [2 species (sp)]; 2) orchardgrass, white clover, and chicory (3sp); 3) orchardgrass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, red clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and chicory (6sp); and 4) 6sp mixture plus white clover ... | 2006 | 16702282 |
| lethal risk to birds from insecticide use in the united states--a spatial and temporal analysis. | we used pesticide use data and previously published models to estimate the lethal risk to birds from insecticides used in u.s. agriculture. data from the u.s. department of agriculture's national agricultural statistical service (nass, washington, d.c.) were used to assess how the lethal risk to birds has changed over the period 1991 to 2003 and to compare risk among crop types according to the most recently available surveys. because the nass data coverage is incomplete, both with respect to cr ... | 2006 | 16704051 |
| effects of phytoestrogens on testosterone secretion by leydig cells from biłgoraj ganders (anser anser). | the aim of this study was to examine ganders at different stages of the reproductive season and the effect of: (1) diets with high phytoestrogen content and (2) in vitro phytoestrogen treatment on testosterone secretion by isolated leydig cells. thirty-six male biłgoraj geese were fed control diets with low phytoestrogen content (containing grass meal) and diets with high phytoestrogens (containing alfalfa meal and soy). testes were obtained from both groups of ganders at three different times o ... | 2006 | 16641036 |
| inhibition of salmonella enterica by plant-associated pseudomonads in vitro and on sprouting alfalfa seed. | foodborne illness due to the consumption of contaminated raw or lightly cooked sprouts is a continuing food safety concern. in this study, we tested several plant-associated pseudomonads for their ability to inhibit the growth of salmonella enterica both in vitro and in situ. an agar spot bioassay method was used with three different media. only pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 produced clear zones of inhibition when tested against five serovars of s. enterica, and activity was dependent on media ty ... | 2006 | 16629011 |
| investigations of rhizobium biofilm formation. | the development of nitrogen-fixing nodules of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis, especially the early stages of root hair deformation and curling, infection thread formation, and nodule initiation, has been well studied from a genetic standpoint. in contrast, the factors important for the colonization of surfaces by rhizobia, including roots-an important prerequisite for nodule formation-have not been as thoroughly investigated. we developed conditions for analyzing the ability of two fast-growing ... | 2006 | 16629750 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt104, and listeria monocytogenes on inoculated alfalfa seeds with a fatty acid-based sanitizer. | alfalfa seeds were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104, or listeria monocytogenes by immersion to contain approximately 6 to 8 log cfu/g and then treated with a fatty acid-based sanitizer containing 250 ppm of peroxyacid, 1,000 ppm of caprylic and capric acids (emery 658), 1,000 ppm of lactic acid, and 500 ppm of glycerol monolaurate at a reference concentration of 1x. inoculated seeds were immersed at ... | 2006 | 16541689 |
| determination of undegradable intake protein digestibility of forages using the mobile nylon bag technique. | two experiments were conducted using 2 ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers to determine the digestibility of undegradable intake protein (uip) of smooth bromegrass (bromis inermis), birdsfoot trefoil (lotus coniculatus l.), and heat-treated alfalfa (medicago sativa) using the mobile nylon bag technique. undegradable intake protein was determined using neutral detergent insoluble cp at a single in situ incubation time point based on 75% of the total mean retention time estimated from ivdmd ... | 2006 | 16543566 |
| grain source and processing in diets containing varying concentrations of wet corn gluten feed for finishing cattle. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate combinations of wet corn gluten feed (wcgf) and barley, as well as the particle size of dry-rolled barley and corn, in finishing steer diets containing wcgf. in exp. 1, 144 crossbred steers (initial bw = 298.9 +/- 1.4 kg) were used to evaluate barley (0.566 kg/l and 23.5% ndf for whole barley) and wcgf combinations in finishing diets containing 0, 17, 35, 52, or 69% wcgf (dm basis), replacing barley and concentrated separator byproduct. a sixth treatmen ... | 2006 | 16543577 |
| activation of an alfalfa cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor by calmodulin-like domain protein kinase. | kip-related proteins (krps) play a central role in the regulation of the cell cycle and differentiation through modulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) functions. we have identified a cdk inhibitor gene from medicago truncatula (mt) by a yeast two-hybrid screen. the krpmt gene was expressed in all plant organs and cultured cells, and its transcripts accumulated after abscisic acid and nacl treatment. the krpmt protein exhibits seven conserved sequence domains and a pest motif that is also de ... | 2006 | 16553899 |
| dietary modulation of p-nonylphenol-induced polycystic kidneys in male sprague-dawley rats. | we had previously found that p-nonylphenol (np) at 1000-2000 ppm in a soy- and alfalfa-free diet induced severe polycystic kidney disease (pkd) in both male and female pups exposed from gestation day 7 through postnatal day (pnd) 50 and hypothesized that differences in dietary components contributed to the severity of lesions relative to those reported in other studies using similar doses of np. the present study investigated the dietary modulation of np-induced pkd using the same exposure regim ... | 2006 | 16554316 |
| [symbiosis between the nodule bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti and alfalfa (medicago sativa) under salinization conditions]. | two hundred forty-three isolates of alfalfa nodule bacteria (sinorhizobium meliloti) were obtained from legume nodules and soils sampled in the northern aral region, experiencing secondary salinization. isolates obtained from nodules (n isolates) were significantly more salt-tolerant than those from soils (s isolates) when grown in a liquid medium with 3.5% nacl. it was found that wild species of alfalfa, melilot, and trigonella preferably formed symbioses with salt-tolerant nodule bacteria in b ... | 2006 | 16579450 |
| in vivo anthelmintic activity of dorycnium rectum and grape seed extract against ostertagia (teladorsagia) circumcincta and trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep. | to assess the in vivo anthelmintic activity of condensed tannins (ct) in the forage species dorycnium rectum and medicago sativa, and in an extract from grape (vitus vinifera) seeds (gse), against two species of parasite, teladorsagia (ostertagia) circumcincta and trichostrongylus colubriformis, at different stages of their life cycle, in sheep that were parasite-naïve or previously exposed to nematodes. | 2006 | 16528390 |
| risk factors for fasciola hepatica infection in children: a case-control study. | we conducted a case-control study to clarify the risk factors for human fascioliasis in the northern peruvian altiplano. cases (n=61) were individuals who were diagnosed as having chronic fascioliasis by faecal and/or serologic (fas2-elisa) studies. controls (n=61) had negative serologic and coprological results for fasciola hepatica. we identified an association between fascioliasis and four variables (40 analysed): the habit of drinking alfalfa juice (or=4.5; 95% ci 1.8-11.1; p<0.001); familia ... | 2006 | 16181652 |
| identification of sinorhizobium meliloti early symbiotic genes by use of a positive functional screen. | the soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti establishes nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with its leguminous host plant, alfalfa, following a series of continuous signal exchanges. the complexity of the changes of alfalfa root structures during symbiosis and the amount of s. meliloti genes with unknown functions raised the possibility that more s. meliloti genes may be required for early stages of the symbiosis. a positive functional screen of the entire s. meliloti genome for symbiotic genes was carried ... | 2006 | 16597978 |
| characterization of three rop gtpase genes of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). | three cdna clones coding for medicago sativa rop gtpases have been isolated. the represented genes could be assigned to various linkage groups by genetic mapping. they were expressed in all investigated plant organs, although at different level. relative gene expression patterns in response to sinorhizobium infection of roots as well as during somatic embryogenesis indicated their differential participation in these processes. dna sequences coding for altogether six different medicago sp. rop gt ... | 2006 | 16603258 |
| effect of amount and ruminal degradability of soybean meal protein on performance of lactating dairy cows. | twenty-eight holstein cows (4 with ruminal cannulas) were blocked by days in milk into 7 groups and then randomly assigned to 1 of 7 balanced 4 x 4 latin square diet sequences. the diets contained [dry matter (dm) basis] 20% alfalfa silage, 35% corn silage, and 45% concentrate mainly from high-moisture corn and soybean meal. diets differed in crude protein (cp) content and source of protein supplement: diet a) 15.6% cp, 3.7% solvent-extracted soybean meal (ssbm), 4.5% expeller soybean meal (esbm ... | 2006 | 16606733 |
| modeling small-scale dairy farms in central mexico using multi-criteria programming. | milk supply from mexican dairy farms does not meet demand and small-scale farms can contribute toward closing the gap. two multi-criteria programming techniques, goal programming and compromise programming, were used in a study of small-scale dairy farms in central mexico. to build the goal and compromise programming models, 4 ordinary linear programming models were also developed, which had objective functions to maximize metabolizable energy for milk production, to maximize margin of income ov ... | 2006 | 16606736 |
| effect of dietary crude protein concentration on ruminal nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows. | ten lactating holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas that were part of a larger feeding trial were blocked by days in milk into 2 groups and then randomly assigned to 1 of 2 incomplete 5 x 5 latin squares. diets contained [dry matter (dm) basis] 25% alfalfa silage, 25% corn silage, and 50% concentrate. rolled high-moisture shelled corn was replaced with solvent-extracted soybean meal to increase crude protein (cp) from 13.5% to 15.0, 16.5, 17.9, and 19.4% of dm. each of the 4 experimental pe ... | 2006 | 16606740 |
| effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. | forty lactating holstein cows, including 10 with ruminal cannulas, were blocked by days in milk into 8 groups and then randomly assigned to 1 of 8 incomplete 5 x 5 latin squares to assess the effects of 5 levels of dietary crude protein (cp) on milk production and n use. diets contained 25% alfalfa silage, 25% corn silage, and 50% concentrate, on a dry matter (dm) basis. rolled high-moisture shelled corn was replaced with solvent-extracted soybean meal to increase cp from 13.5 to 15.0, 16.5, 17. ... | 2006 | 16606741 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti differentiation during symbiosis with alfalfa: a transcriptomic dissection. | sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium able to induce the formation of nodules on the root of specific legumes, including alfalfa (medicago sativa). bacteria colonize nodules through infection threads, invade the plant intracellularly, and ultimately differentiate into bacteroids capable of reducing atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, which is directly assimilated by the plant. as a first step to describe global changes in gene expression of s. meliloti during the symbiotic process, we used who ... | 2006 | 16610739 |
| wet corn gluten feed and alfalfa hay levels in dry-rolled corn finishing diets: effects on finishing performance and feedlot nitrogen mass balance. | one-hundred ninety-two crossbred steers (initial bw = 351 +/- 11 kg) were used to determine the effects of removing alfalfa hay (ah) from dry-rolled corn-based diets containing wet corn gluten feed (wcgf) on animal performance and nutrient (n and om) mass balance in open feedlot pens. steers were stratified by weight and assigned randomly to 24 pens (2 x 3 factorial) and fed for 132 d from june to october 2002. experimental diets contained either 0 or 35% wcgf and 0, 3.75, or 7.5% ah, and were f ... | 2006 | 16612023 |
| ghrelin enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion in scheduled meal-fed sheep. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physiologic levels of ghrelin on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal) in scheduled fed-sheep, using the hyperglycemic clamp and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp respectively. twelve castrated suffolk rams (69.8 +/- 0.6 kg) were conditioned to be fed alfalfa hay cubes (2% of body weight) once a day. three hours after the feeding, synthetic ovine ghrelin was intravenously administered to the animals at a rate of 0 ... | 2006 | 16614382 |
| antimicrobial activity of saponins from medicago sp.: structure-activity relationship. | the antimicrobial activity of saponins from medicago sativa, m. arborea and m. arabica against a selection of medically important yeasts, gram-positive and -negative bacteria was investigated. structure-activity growth inhibitory effects of related prosapogenins and sapogenins are also described. increasing antibiotic activity was observed going from the saponin extracts to the sapogenin samples, suggesting that the sugar moiety is not important for the antimicrobial efficacy. activity was espec ... | 2006 | 16619355 |
| vsp accumulation and cold-inducible gene expression during autumn hardening and overwintering of alfalfa. | this study describes the time-course of the accumulation of total soluble proteins (tsps) and vegetative storage proteins (vsps) and of the transcripts of cold-inducible (ci) and vsp-encoding genes in taproots of two alfalfa cultivars (ac caribou and europe) during their acclimation to natural autumn hardening and overwintering conditions in eastern canada. the impact of a defoliation in september on these winter hardening-related changes was also assessed. both concentrations and pools of vsps ... | 2006 | 16798845 |
| expression of active hbmp2 in transgenic tobacco plants. | bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) is important for bone tissue repair. the goal of this research is to construct a high level human bmp2 (hbmp2) expression system using transgenic tobacco plants as a bioreactor. cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) enhancer, tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) enhancer, matrix attachment regions (mars) sequence, and "kozak" sequence were used to construct recombinant expression vectors and the high-expression vectors were screened ou ... | 2006 | 16819603 |
| diversity of a stable enrichment culture which is useful for silage inoculant and its succession in alfalfa silage. | alfalfa is a kind of forage that is difficult to ensile for good quality. therefore, inoculants are always used to enhance the preservation of alfalfa silage. through continuous restricted subcultivation, a lactic acid bacteria community (al2) was selected from well-fermented alfalfa silage, which sharply decreased the ph level and produced a large amount of lactic acid. the adding of al2 to alfalfa at ensiling resulted in a more rapid drop in ph and higher levels of lactic acid, and it also red ... | 2006 | 16819954 |
| effect of various combinations of alfalfa and standard layer diet on susceptibility of laying hens to salmonella enteritidis during forced molt. | feed deprivation is commonly used by the poultry industry to induce molting and stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles. however, feed deprivation has been observed experimentally to increase susceptibility of poultry to salmonella infections. previous studies indicated that alfalfa was efficacious in reducing salmonella; the present investigation was designed to evaluate the efficacy of combined alfalfa and layer diets on salmonella colonization. leghorn hens over 50 wk of age were divided into 12 ... | 2006 | 16830850 |
| the ntrpr operon of sinorhizobium meliloti is organized and functions as a toxin-antitoxin module. | the chromosomal ntrpr operon of sinorhizobium meliloti encodes a protein pair that forms a toxin-antitoxin (ta) module, the first characterized functional ta system in rhizobiaceae. similarly to other bacterial ta systems, the toxin gene ntrr is preceded by and partially overlaps with the antitoxin gene ntrp. based on protein homologies, the ntrpr operon belongs to the vapbc family of ta systems. the operon is negatively autoregulated by the ntrpntrr complex. promoter binding by ntrp is weak; st ... | 2006 | 16838793 |
| evaluation of dried and wet distillers grains included at two concentrations in the diets of lactating dairy cows. | the purpose of this study was to determine the lactation performance of dairy cows fed dried or wet distillers grains (dg) with solubles (ddgs or wdgs) at 2 dietary concentrations. a trial using 15 cows was designed as a replicated 5 x 5 latin square with periods of 4 wk each and data collected during wk 3 and 4 of each period. diets, on a dry matter basis, were: control, 10% ddgs, 20% ddgs, 10% wdgs, and 20% wdgs. all diets contained 25% corn silage, 25% alfalfa hay, and 50% of the respective c ... | 2006 | 16840630 |
| effects of concentrated separator by-product (desugared molasses) on intake, site of digestion, microbial efficiency, and nitrogen balance in ruminants fed forage-based diets. | in exp. 1, 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated beef steers (444.0 +/- 9.8 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 latin square with a 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement to evaluate the effects of forage type (alfalfa or corn stover) and concentrated separator byproduct (csb) supplementation (0 or 10% of dietary dm) on intake, site of digestion, and microbial efficiency. in exp. 2, 5 wethers (44 +/- 1.5 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 latin square to evaluate the effects of csb on intake, digestion, and n balance ... | 2006 | 16864885 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli 0157:h7 and salmonella on mung beans, alfalfa, and other seed types destined for sprout production by using an oxychloro-based sanitizer. | the efficacy of a stabilized oxychloro-based food grade sanitizer to decontaminate seeds destined for sprout production has been evaluated. by using mung bean seeds as a model system, it was demonstrated that the sanitizer could be used to inactivate a five-strain cocktail of escherichia coli o157:h7 or salmonella introduced onto beans at 10(3) to 10(4) cfu/g. salmonella was more tolerant to stabilized oxychloro than was e. coli o157:h7, with sanitizer levels of >150 and >50 ppm, respectively, b ... | 2006 | 16865888 |
| arabidopsis thaliana is an asymptomatic host of alfalfa mosaic virus. | the susceptibility of arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes to infection by alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) was evaluated. thirty-nine ecotypes supported both local and systemic infection, 26 ecotypes supported only local infection, and three ecotypes could not be infected. no obvious symptoms characteristic of virus infection developed on the susceptible ecotypes under standard conditions of culture. parameters of amv infection were characterized in ecotype col-0, which supported systemic infection and accu ... | 2006 | 16875753 |
| role of non-protein amino acid l-canavanine in autoimmunity. | association of sle and alfalfa was first reported in a volunteer who developed lupus-like autoimmunity while ingesting alfalfa seed for a hypercholesterolemia study. this was corroborated with studies in monkeys fed with alfalfa sprout that developed sle. re-challenge with l-canavanine relapsed the disease. arginine homologue l-canavanine, present in alfalfa, was suspected as a cause. l-canavanine can be charged by arginyl trna synthetase to replace l-arginine during protein synthesis. aberrant ... | 2006 | 16890899 |
| autofluorescence detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal structures in palm roots: an underestimated experimental method. | the aim of this study was to reassess the use of autofluorescence for evaluating am colonization in mycorrhizal roots in the light of criticisms of this method that affirmed that only metabolically inactive arbuscules autofluoresce. it was also investigated whether other mycorrhizal structures, such as hyphae, vesicles and spores, could be detected by autofluorescence, and whether the autofluorescence pattern of am fungal structures could be exploited methodologically, for example, in the detect ... | 2006 | 16893637 |
| ergosterol treatment leads to the expression of a specific set of defence-related genes in tobacco. | ergosterol is the main sterol of most fungi. production of reactive oxygen species after the treatment of tobacco and tomato cells by nano-molar concentrations of ergosterol was previously observed as well as the activation of some stress activated mitogen-activated protein kinases on alfalfa cells. in this paper, the expression of some defence-related genes after the ergosterol treatment of tobacco nicotiana tabacum plants is reported. the gene expression of pathogenesis related proteins of fam ... | 2006 | 16900324 |
| overexpression of bets, a sinorhizobium meliloti high-affinity betaine transporter, in bacteroids from medicago sativa nodules sustains nitrogen fixation during early salt stress adaptation. | sinorhizobium meliloti possesses several betaine transporters to cope with salt stress, and bets represents a crucial high-affinity glycine and proline betaine uptake system involved in the rapid acquisition of betaines by cells subjected to osmotic upshock. using a transcriptional lacz (beta-galactosidase) fusion, we showed that bets is expressed during the establishment of the symbiosis and in mature nitrogen-fixing nodules. however, neither nod nor fix phenotypes were impaired in a bets mutan ... | 2006 | 16903355 |
| isolation of a novel nodulin: a molecular marker of osmotic stress in glycine max/bradyrhizobium japonicum nodule. | symbiotic n(2) fixation of legume crops is highly sensitive to drought, which results in a dramatic drop of n accumulation and yield. the symbiosis between soybean (glycine max) and bradyrhizobium japonicum, because of its extreme sensitivity to drought, was chosen as a model to analyse the response to drought stress at a molecular level. the mrna differential display technique was performed to isolate cdna markers differentially expressed in well-watered [100% of n(2) fixation capacity (nfc)] a ... | 2006 | 16913873 |
| long-term field release of bioluminescent sinorhizobium meliloti strains to assess the influence of a reca mutation on the strains' survival. | a field release experiment was carried out to study the fate of the isogenic, firefly luciferase (luc) gene-tagged sinorhizobium meliloti strains l1 (reca-) and l33 (reca+) in the environment. both strains were released at concentrations of approximately 10(6) cfu g(-1) soil in replicate and randomized field plots, which had been sown with alfalfa (medicago sativa). the survival of both strains during the following 7 years could be subdivided into three phases: a sharp decline for more than two ... | 2006 | 16924432 |
| detection of escherichia coli in packaged alfalfa sprouts with an electronic nose and an artificial neural network. | a rapid method for the detection of escherichia coli (atcc 25922) in packaged alfalfa sprouts was developed. volatile compounds from the headspace of packaged alfalfa sprouts, inoculated with e. coli and incubated at 10 degrees c for 1, 2, and 3 days, were collected and analyzed. uninoculated sprouts were used as control samples. an electronic nose with 12 metal oxide electronic sensors was used to monitor changes in the composition of the gas phase of the package headspace with respect to volat ... | 2006 | 16924908 |
| [a luxr family regulator, expr regulates the expression of motc operon from sinorhizobium meliloti]. | in sinorhizobium meliloti strain rm1021, expr+ mutation results in the overproduction of eps ii, which is required for efficient invasion of root nodules on the host plant alfalfa. when rhizobia were grown in lb/mc medium for 36-hour then placed at room temperature, most of expr+ mutant (rm8530) cells aggregated at the bottom of the tubes, but expr+ sinr double mutant rm11528 and wild type rm1021 did not. the expr+ mutant was also found to swim slower than rm1021 on swarming plates, but the expr ... | 2006 | 16933625 |
| detection and differentiation of xylella fastidiosa strains acquired and retained by glassy-winged sharpshooters (hemiptera: cicadellidae) using a mixture of strain-specific primer sets. | xylella fastidiosa wells is a bacterial pathogen that causes a variety of plant diseases, including pierce's disease (pd) of grapevine, almond leaf scorch, alfalfa dwarf, citrus variegated chlorosis, and oleander leaf scorch (ols). numerous strains of this pathogen have been genetically characterized, and several different strains occur in the united states. the dominant vector in southern california is the glassy-winged sharpshooter, homalodisca coagulata (say) (hemiptera: cicadellidae). the hi ... | 2006 | 16937656 |