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rapid identification of pathogens from pediatric blood cultures by use of the filmarray blood culture identification panel.the performance of the filmarray blood culture identification (bcid) panel has been studied in adult patients. we describe here an evaluation of this assay for the rapid identification of pathogens in bactec peds plus/f and bactec standard anaerobic/f bottles that contained blood samples from pediatric patients at a tertiary care children's hospital.201425274998
identification of microorganisms by filmarray and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry prior to positivity in the blood culture system.in this study, we investigated the performance of the filmarray and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) in identifying microorganisms from blood culture (bc) bottles prior to positivity. first, we used simulated bact/alert fa plus bc bottles with five each for escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus isolates. the filmarray identified all 10 isolates before bc positivity with 9/10 at 5 h and 1 at 7.5 h after incubation in the bc system. m ...201424951811
candida pneumonia in intensive care unit?it has been questioned if candida pneumonia exists as a clinical entity. only histopathology can establish the definite diagnosis. less invasive diagnostic strategies lack specificity and have been insufficiently validated. scarcity of this pathomechanism and nonspecific clinical presentation make validation and the development of a clinical algorithm difficult. in the present study, we analyze whether candida pneumonia exists in our critical care population. we used a bronchoalveolar lavage (ba ...201425734099
clinical epidemiology of bocavirus, rhinovirus, two polyomaviruses and four coronaviruses in hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected south african children.advances in molecular diagnostics have implicated newly-discovered respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. we aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of human bocavirus (hbov), human rhinovirus (hrv), polyomavirus-wu (wupyv) and -ki (kipyv) and human coronaviruses (cov)-oc43, -nl63, -hku1 and -229e among children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti).201424498274
mechanisms and biological roles of contact-dependent growth inhibition systems.bacterial contact-dependent growth inhibition (cdi) is mediated by the cdia/cdib family of two-partner secretion proteins. cdi(+) cells bind to susceptible target bacteria and deliver a toxic effector domain derived from the carboxyl terminus of cdia (cdia-ct). more than 60 distinct cdia-ct sequence types have been identified, and all cdi toxins characterized thus far display rnase, dnase, or pore-forming activities. cdi systems also encode cdii immunity proteins, which specifically bind and ina ...201424492845
evidence that intraspecific trait variation among nasal bacteria shapes the distribution of staphylococcus aureus.nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for infection, yet the bacterial determinants required for carriage are poorly defined. interactions between s. aureus and other members of the bacterial flora may determine colonization and have been inferred in previous studies by using correlated species distributions. however, traits mediating species interactions are often polymorphic, suggesting that understanding how interactions structure communities requires a trait-based approach ...201424980973
the sentinel role of peptidoglycan recycling in the β-lactam resistance of the gram-negative enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.the peptidoglycan is the structural polymer of the bacterial cell envelope. in contrast to an expectation of a structural stasis for this polymer, during the growth of the gram-negative bacterium this polymer is in a constant state of remodeling and extension. our current understanding of this peptidoglycan "turnover" intertwines with the deeply related phenomena of the liberation of small peptidoglycan segments (muropeptides) during turnover, the presence of dedicated recycling pathways for reu ...201424955547
the therapeutic potential of medicinal foods.pharmaceutical and nutritional sciences have recently witnessed a bloom in the scientific literature geared towards the use of food plants for their diversified health benefits and potential clinical applications. health professionals now recognize that a synergism of drug therapy and nutrition might confer optimum outcomes in the fight against diseases. the prophylactic benefits of food plants are being investigated for potential use as novel medicinal remedies due to the presence of pharmacolo ...201424822061
are community environmental surfaces near hospitals reservoirs for gram-negative nosocomial pathogens?hospital visitors and staff visit neighboring businesses, creating the potential for contamination of surfaces with hospital flora.201424679558
solution structure of a bacterial microcompartment targeting peptide and its application in the construction of an ethanol bioreactor.targeting of proteins to bacterial microcompartments (bmcs) is mediated by an 18-amino-acid peptide sequence. herein, we report the solution structure of the n-terminal targeting peptide (p18) of pdup, the aldehyde dehydrogenase associated with the 1,2-propanediol utilization metabolosome from citrobacter freundii. the solution structure reveals the peptide to have a well-defined helical conformation along its whole length. saturation transfer difference and transferred noe nmr has highlighted t ...201424933391
microbiological profile of orbital abscess.knowledge of the culture and sensitivity pattern is necessary, for the institution of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy in orbital abscess.201422885199
epidemiological characteristics of blandm-1 in enterobacteriaceae and the acinetobacter calcoaceticus-acinetobacter baumannii complex in china from 2011 to 2012.the study aimed to investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of blandm-1 (encoding new delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1) in enterobacteriaceae and the acinetobacter calcoaceticus-acinetobacter baumannii complex (abc) in china from july 2011 to june 2012.201425469701
isolation and molecular characterization of biofouling bacteria and profiling of quorum sensing signal molecules from membrane bioreactor activated sludge.the formation of biofilm in a membrane bioreactor depends on the production of various signaling molecules like n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls). in the present study, a total of 200 bacterial strains were isolated from membrane bioreactor activated sludge and screened for ahls production using two biosensor systems, chromobacterium violaceum cv026 and agrobacterium tumefaciens a136. a correlation between ahls production and biofilm formation has been made among screened ahls producing strains. ...201424499972
[clinical and bacteriological characteristic of infectious purulent complications in patients after related renal transplantation].we investigated the frequency and characteristics of infectious purulent and non-infectious complications in living related renal transplant recipients in early postoperative period. it was identified the prevalent microorganisms in urinary tract infections and its antibiotic sensitivity: pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, candida albicans. 182 strains of bacteria and cand ...201425327674
purification and characterization of an antifungal chitinase from citrobacter freundii str. nov. haritd11.the purpose of the research was to study the purification and partial characterization of antifungal alkaline chitinase from a newly isolated citrobacter freundii haritd11. the enzyme was purified in a three-step procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration chromatography. the enzyme was shown to have a relative high molecular weight of 64 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was purified 7.3-fold with a yield of ...201424065288
synthesis, antibacterial, antioxidant activity and qsar studies of novel 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole analogues.a novel series of 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole analogues (3a-p) was designed and synthesized in excellent yields using a rapid, simple, efficient methodology. sixteen novel compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activities against eleven bacteria, namely, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus subtilis, klebsiella pneumonia, citrobacter freundii, cronobacter sakazakii, salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, yersinia pestis, and pseud ...201425450634
identification of cultivable bacteria in the intestinal tract of bactrocera dorsalis from three different populations and determination of their attractive potential.this study aimed to identify the cultivable bacteria inhabiting the intestinal tract of adult oriental fruit flies (bactrocera dorsalis) from laboratory-reared, laboratory sterile sugar-reared, and field-collected populations, and to evaluate the attractiveness of the metabolites produced by the above bacteria to their hosts.201423696217
antibacterial activity of bark extracts of moringa oleifera lam. against some selected bacteria.the methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous bark extracts of moringa oleifera were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against four bacteria viz. staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii, bacillus megaterium and pseudomonas fluorescens using erythromycin as positive control. the activity was analyzed using paper disc diffusion method at different concentration of the extract. the study revealed that all the bark extracts irrespective of their types, in different concentrations ...201425362592
enterobacterial colonization in captive red-eared sliders (trachemys scripta elegans).the handling of turtles and other reptiles can be associated with risk of pathogenic enterobacteria transmission, mainly salmonella spp. the aim of this study was to identify the enterobacteria in cloacal swabs of 39 red-eared sliders (trachemys scripta elegans). cloacal swabs from 39 captive individuals were analyzed. after sample enrichment in brain-heart infusion broth and 1% peptone water, bacterial isolation was performed through cultivation in blood, macconkey and xylose lysine desoxychola ...201425632683
identification and phenotypic characterization of the most frequent bacterial etiologies in chronic skin ulcers.chronic wounds represent an important burden on the healthcare system, requiring frequent hospitalizations and expensive treatments. it is now recognized that a primary factor contributing to a non-healing trajectory and a low therapeutic response is the biofilm infection. the purpose of this study was to identify the bacterial isolates collected from chronic skin wounds of hospitalized patients and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, virulence factors, as well as the abilit ...201425611273
[purple urine bag syndrome: report of one case].purple urine bag syndrome is an uncommon but particularly striking phenomenon observed in people with urinary catheters and co-existent urinary tract infections. a chemical reaction between plastic and certain bacterial enzymes results in an intense purple urine color. we report a 72 year-old male with a cystostomy. a purple coloration of his urinary drainage bag and tubing was noted in the context of a urinary tract infection caused by citrobacter freundii.201425694296
[characteristics of microbial community structure during isolation of electrical active bacteria].to investigate the effect of selective culturing on microorganisms and functional role of electrical active bacteria in biofilm, some exoelectrogens were isolated from microbial fuel cell (mfc) anodic biofilm using hungate roll-tube technique with iron oxide as indicator. at the same time, the dynamics of the microbial community structure was monitored during the pure culture isolation. the results show that maximum voltages of mfcs feeding with lactic acid, acetic acid and steroid wastewater ar ...201425693405
in vitro activity of fosfomycin tromethamine against extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing urinary tract bacteria.to determine the in vitro activity of fosfomycin tromethamine against extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing uropathogens.201425523727
foodborne bacterial pathogens recovered from contaminated shawarma meat in northern jordan.the purpose of the study was to isolate, identify, and determine the antimicrobial resistance of the bacterial pathogens recovered from shawarma (donair) sandwiches served to the public in jordan.201425390053
alliin is a suicide substrate of citrobacter freundii methionine γ-lyase: structural bases of inactivation of the enzyme.the interaction of citrobacter freundii methionine γ-lyase (mgl) and the mutant form in which cys115 is replaced by ala (mgl c115a) with the nonprotein amino acid (2r)-2-amino-3-[(s)-prop-2-enylsulfinyl]propanoic acid (alliin) was investigated. it was found that mgl catalyzes the β-elimination reaction of alliin to form 2-propenethiosulfinate (allicin), pyruvate and ammonia. the β-elimination reaction of alliin is followed by the inactivation and modification of sh groups of the wild-type and mu ...201425372692
screening, identification, and removal dynamics of a novel iron-manganese removal strain.in order to investigate biological properties of the dominant strain from the biological activated carbon (bac) filter column, a novel, dominant iron-and-manganese removal strain, fm-2, was screened from bac mature biological membrane. by phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rdna sequence comparison, fm-2 was identified to be citrobacter freundii. the experimental results indicated that citrobacter sp. fm-2 could remove 83.6% fe (ii) and 64.9% mn (ii) after four days. inoculum greatly influenced t ...201425226901
[bacterial ecology and resistance to antibiotics in patients with neurogenic overactive bladder treated with intravesical botulinum toxin injections].for the last ten years, botulinum neurotoxin type a has become the gold standard for the treatment of neurogenic overactive detrusor. bacterial colonization is common for these patients using clean intermittent self-catheterization, and toxin injections are at risk of urinary tract infections.201425199730
[intraparenchymal hepatic haematoma after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreotography overinfected by citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae blee].this case report describes a 37-year-old woman who develops an intraparenchymal hepatic haematoma after an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with papillotomy and stone extraction. the procedure requires the passage of a guidewire. the patient develops acute abdominal pain 72 hours later and a magnetic resonance shows a hematoma of 124 x 93 mm. she remains under observation. twenty one days later she complains of upper right abdominal pain and fever. consequently, a percutaneous drai ...201425199307
extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolated from feces of falconidae, accipitridae, and laridae in bird rescue centers in belgium.the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae was investigated in feces and in choanal and cloacal swabs of birds in rescue centers. ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii were isolated from feces of birds of prey (12% positive) and a group of gulls. the genes blactx-m-1, blactx-m-15, and blactx-m-32 coded for resistance.201425075542
biosensor for selective detection of e. coli in spinach using the strong affinity of derivatized mannose with fimbrial lectin.escherichia coli (e. coli) contamination in foods and water resources represents a major threat for human health and the environment. this work exploits the strong affinity of mannose-containing oligosaccharides with the fimbrial lectin of e. coli to design novel biosensors. modified carbohydrate ligands were synthesized by introducing phenyl residues and aliphatic chains to mannose via reductive amination in order to increase both the affinity and selectivity to e. coli compared to other pathog ...201424906084
changes in causative pathogens of acute cholangitis and their antimicrobial susceptibility over a period of 6 years.we evaluated changes of causative pathogen in acute cholangitis and their antimicrobial susceptibility over six years and differences between community-acquired and hospital-acquired acute cholangitis at our institution.201424870302
ndm-1-producing enterobacteriaceae from south africa: moving towards endemicity?we describe 4 patients infected with ndm-1 enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens from south africa that co-produced shv-12, ctx-m-3, and ctx-m-15 and were positive for qnrs, qnra, aac(6')-ib-cr, rmtf, rmtc, and arma. plasmids belonged to incn, inca/c replicon types with ccdab and vagc/d addiction factors. local and imported cases of ndm-producing bacteria co-exist within south africa.201424853768
in vitro susceptibility and distribution of beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae causing intra-abdominal infections in north america 2010-2011.the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends has been monitoring the activity of antimicrobials indicated for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections since 2004. this report documents the in vitro activity of several recommended antimicrobials against 3449 gram-negative bacilli isolated from the 30 and 25 participating sites in north america in 2010-2011, respectively, and characterizes the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) identified in esbl-positive and ertapenem-non-sus ...201424813688
conversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol by citrobacter freundii and hafnia alvei - newly isolated strains from the enterobacteriaceae.in this study, nearly 4000 bacterial strains from the family of enterobacteriaceae isolated from different environments were screened for ability to convert glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-pd). the aim of the research was to isolate 1,3-pd producers from the natural environment, identify and characterize the best isolates. three selective media were tested to usefulness in the isolation of bacteria from the family enterobacteriaceae. only, 28% of examined isolates could synthesize 1,3-pd from g ...201424768868
[the genotype and epidemiological feature of the enterobacteriaceae carrying carbapenemase in china].to analyze the genotype and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.201424767163
[comparison of routine use of two chromogenic media chromid cps (biomérieux) and uriselect4 (bio-rad) for the detection of escherichia coli and major uropathogenics in urine].escherichia coli is the most common bacterial cause of urinary tract infections. its rapid and specific identification in urine samples represents a major challenge within the rendering results and optimizing the management of the patient. we aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of two commercially available chromogenic media for e. coli: chromid cps (biomérieux) and uriselect4 (bio(-)rad), without carrying out further tests. 99 consecutive and non-redundant urine samples considered ...201424736143
diversity of carbapenemases in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae in croatia--the results of a multicentre study.since the first carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strain was isolated in 2008, enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to one or more carbapenems have emerged sporadically in different geographical regions in croatia. these observations gave rise to a multicenter study on carbapenem resistance in enterobacteriaceae from croatia. fifty-seven carbapenem-non-susceptible strains of enterobacteriaceae were collected during 2011-2012 from four large hospital centres in croatia. overall ...201424674100
nasal, oral and rectal microbiota of black lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysopygus).black lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysopygus) are endangered callithrichids. their conservation may require future translocations or reintroductions; however these approaches involve risks of pathogen introduction in the environment and stress-related opportunistic infections in these animals. in order to screen for opportunistic and potential pathogenic bacterial and fungal microbiota, ten free-ranging and ten captive black lion tamarins were studied and the results compared. nasal, oral and ...201425763064
nasal, oral and rectal microbiota of black lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysopygus).black lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysopygus) are endangered callithrichids. their conservation may require future translocations or reintroductions; however these approaches involve risks of pathogen introduction in the environment and stress-related opportunistic infections in these animals. in order to screen for opportunistic and potential pathogenic bacterial and fungal microbiota, ten free-ranging and ten captive black lion tamarins were studied and the results compared. nasal, oral and ...201425763064
relationship among shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) and their differentiation.shigellosis produces inflammatory reactions and ulceration on the intestinal epithelium followed by bloody or mucoid diarrhea. it is caused by enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) as well as any species of the genus shigella, namely, s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri, s. boydii, and s. sonnei. this current species designation of shigella does not specify genetic similarity. shigella spp. could be easily differentiated from e. coli, but difficulties observed for the eiec-shigella differentiation as both show ...201425763015
relationship among shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) and their differentiation.shigellosis produces inflammatory reactions and ulceration on the intestinal epithelium followed by bloody or mucoid diarrhea. it is caused by enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) as well as any species of the genus shigella, namely, s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri, s. boydii, and s. sonnei. this current species designation of shigella does not specify genetic similarity. shigella spp. could be easily differentiated from e. coli, but difficulties observed for the eiec-shigella differentiation as both show ...201425763015
distribution channel and microbial characteristics of pig by-products in korea.the distribution channel of meat by-products from the pig farm to the final consumer can include a meat processor, wholesale market, wholesaler, retailer, and butcher shop. bacterial contamination at any of these steps remains to be a serious public health concern. the aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution channel and microbial characteristics of pig by-products in korea. upon evaluation of pig by-products in cold storage, we found that the small and large intestine were significant ...201426761676
molecular characterization of klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing enterobacteriaceae in ontario, canada, 2008-2011.due to the lack of detailed reports of klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing enterobacteria in ontario, canada, we perform a molecular characterization of kpc-producing enterobacteriaceae submitted to the provincial reference laboratory from 2008 to 2011. susceptibility profiles were accessed by e-test. molecular types of isolates were determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence typing. screening of ß-lactamase genes was performed by multiplex pcr a ...201425549365
decolorization and detoxification of sulfonated toxic diazo dye c.i. direct red 81 by enterococcus faecalis yz 66.isolated enterococcus faecalis yz 66 strain shows ability to decolorize various industrial dyes among which, it showed complete decolorization and degradation of toxic, sulfonated recalcitrant diazo dye direct red 81 (50 mg/l) within 1.5 h of incubation under static anoxic condition. the optimum ph and temperature for decolorization was 7.0 and 40°c, respectively. significant induction in the activity of intracellular oxidoreductive enzymes suggested its involvement in the decolorization of dire ...201425649265
rapid identification of microorganisms from sterile body fluids by use of filmarray.we evaluated the clinical performance of the filmarray blood culture identification (bcid) panel in the identification of microorganisms from positive blood culture bottles inoculated with sterile body fluids. all organisms included in the fa bcid panel were accurately identified in 84/84 (100%) and 18/24 (75%) samples with mono- and polymicrobial growth, respectively.201425520440
rapid identification of microorganisms from sterile body fluids by use of filmarray.we evaluated the clinical performance of the filmarray blood culture identification (bcid) panel in the identification of microorganisms from positive blood culture bottles inoculated with sterile body fluids. all organisms included in the fa bcid panel were accurately identified in 84/84 (100%) and 18/24 (75%) samples with mono- and polymicrobial growth, respectively.201425520440
alternatives to antibiotics in semen extenders: a review.antibiotics are added to semen extenders to be used for artificial insemination (ai) in livestock breeding to control bacterial contamination in semen arising during collection and processing. the antibiotics to be added and their concentrations for semen for international trade are specified by government directives. since the animal production industry uses large quantities of semen for artificial insemination, large amounts of antibiotics are currently used in semen extenders. possible altern ...201425517429
clinical and microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infections due to ampc β-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae: an active surveillance cohort in a large centralized canadian region.the objective of this study was to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infections (bsis) due to ampc producing enterobacteriaceae (ae) in a large centralized canadian region over a 9-year period.201425494640
microbial production of short chain diols.short chain diols (propanediols, butanediols, pentanediols) have been widely used in bulk and fine chemical industries as fuels, solvents, polymer monomers and pharmaceutical precursors. the chemical production of short chain diols from fossil resources has been developed and optimized for decades. consideration of the exhausting fossil resources and the increasing environment issues, the bio-based process to produce short chain diols is attracting interests. currently, a variety of biotechnolog ...201425491899
the β-lactamase gene regulator ampr is a tetramer that recognizes and binds the d-ala-d-ala motif of its repressor udp-n-acetylmuramic acid (murnac)-pentapeptide.inducible expression of chromosomal ampc β-lactamase is a major cause of β-lactam antibiotic resistance in the gram-negative bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae. ampc expression is induced by the lysr-type transcriptional regulator (lttr) ampr, which activates ampc expression in response to changes in peptidoglycan (pg) metabolite levels that occur during exposure to β-lactams. under normal conditions, ampr represses ampc transcription by binding the pg precursor udp-n-acetylm ...201425480792
the β-lactamase gene regulator ampr is a tetramer that recognizes and binds the d-ala-d-ala motif of its repressor udp-n-acetylmuramic acid (murnac)-pentapeptide.inducible expression of chromosomal ampc β-lactamase is a major cause of β-lactam antibiotic resistance in the gram-negative bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae. ampc expression is induced by the lysr-type transcriptional regulator (lttr) ampr, which activates ampc expression in response to changes in peptidoglycan (pg) metabolite levels that occur during exposure to β-lactams. under normal conditions, ampr represses ampc transcription by binding the pg precursor udp-n-acetylm ...201425480792
low rates of antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteriaceae in wildlife in taï national park, côte d'ivoire, surrounded by villages with high prevalence of multiresistant esbl-producing escherichia coli in people and domestic animals.antimicrobial resistance genes can be found in all ecosystems, including those where antibiotic selective pressure has never been exerted. we investigated resistance genes in a collection of faecal samples of wildlife (non-human primates, mice), people and domestic animals (dogs, cats) in côte d'ivoire; in the chimpanzee research area of taï national park (tnp) and adjacent villages. single bacteria isolates were collected from antibiotic-containing agar plates and subjected to molecular analysi ...201425474243
flow cytometry analysis using sysmex uf-1000i classifies uropathogens based on bacterial, leukocyte, and erythrocyte counts in urine specimens among patients with urinary tract infections.urinary tract infections (utis) are the second most common bacterial infection. urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, but new techniques, such as flow cytometry analysis (fca), have been introduced. the aim of the present study was to evaluate fca characteristics regarding bacteriuria, leukocyturia, and erythrocyturia in relation to cultured uropathogens in specimens from patients with a suspected uti. we also wanted to evaluate whether the fca characteristics can identify uropathoge ...201425472486
flow cytometry analysis using sysmex uf-1000i classifies uropathogens based on bacterial, leukocyte, and erythrocyte counts in urine specimens among patients with urinary tract infections.urinary tract infections (utis) are the second most common bacterial infection. urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, but new techniques, such as flow cytometry analysis (fca), have been introduced. the aim of the present study was to evaluate fca characteristics regarding bacteriuria, leukocyturia, and erythrocyturia in relation to cultured uropathogens in specimens from patients with a suspected uti. we also wanted to evaluate whether the fca characteristics can identify uropathoge ...201425472486
rapid identification of positive blood cultures by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry using prewarmed agar plates.this study describes an inexpensive and straightforward method for identifying bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) directly from positive blood cultures using prewarmed agar plates. different inoculation methods and incubation times were evaluated to determine the optimal conditions. the two methods using pelleted material from positive culture bottles performed best. in particular, the pellet streak method correctly identified ...201425232166
monoclonal antibodies against all known variants of espa: development of a simple diagnostic test for enteropathogenic escherichia coli based on a key virulence factor.enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) are a major cause of infant diarrhoea in developing countries and a significant public health issue in industrialized countries. currently there are no simple tests available for the diagnosis of epec. serology of o-antigens is widely used routinely in many laboratories throughout the world, even though it has been known for many years to be an unreliable indicator of epec virulence. we have developed a simple, low-cost immunodiagnostic test based on the ...201425231626
evaluation of the carba np test for carbapenemase detection.the carba np test was evaluated against a panel of 61 carbapenemase-producing bacterial species (15 producing class a carbapenemases, 15 producing class d carbapenemases, and 31 producing metallo-β-lactamases) and against 111 isolates with non-wild-type carbapenem susceptibility but not producing carbapenemase. carbapenemase production was verified by pcr and uv-spectrophotometric measurement of imipenem hydrolysis. no false positives were seen, but there were consistent problems with the detect ...201425246404
blandm-5 carried by an incx3 plasmid in escherichia coli sequence type 167.bla(ndm-)5 was found in escherichia coli strain 0215 from a chinese patient without travel history. genomic sequencing and conjugation experiments were performed. strain 0215 belonged to sequence type 167 (st167) and had other resistance determinants, including bla(tem-135), bla(ctx-m-14), and aac(6')-ib. bla(ndm-5) was carried by a 47-kb self-transmissible incx3 plasmid and was in a complex genetic context similar to that of bla(ndm-1) on incx3 plasmids. incx3 plasmids might have emerged as a c ...201425246393
evaluation of clonality and carbapenem resistance mechanisms among acinetobacter baumannii-acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex and enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in european and mediterranean countries and detection of two novel β-lactamases, ges-22 and vim-35.we evaluated doripenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii-acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex (acb; n = 411) and enterobacteriaceae (n = 92) isolates collected from patients from 14 european and mediterranean countries during 2009 to 2011 for the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes and clonality. following susceptibility testing, carbapenem-resistant (doripenem mic, >2 μg/ml) isolates were screened for carbapenemases. new β-lactamase genes were expressed in a common background and susceptibi ...201425267671
mix-infection of s. typhi and paratyphi a in typhoid fever and chronic typhoid carriers: a nested pcr based study in north india.enteric fever is a systemic disease caused by salmonella organism such as serotypes typhi and paratyphi a, b, c. salmonella paratyphi a contributes more than 50% of all the enteric fever cases and it has recently been projected as an emerging pathogen.201425584217
complete nucleotide sequence of a citrobacter freundii plasmid carrying kpc-2 in a unique genetic environment.the complete and annotated nucleotide sequence of a 54,036-bp plasmid harboring a blakpc-2 gene that is clonally present in citrobacter isolates from different species is presented. the plasmid belongs to incompatibility group n (incn) and harbors the class a carbapenemase kpc-2 in a unique genetic environment.201425395635
nosocomial bacteriuria in elderly inpatients may be leading to considerable antibiotic overuse: an audit of current management practice in a secondary level care hospital in new zealand.bacteriuria in the form of symptomatic urinary tract infection (uti) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (asb) is common in the elderly. there is no clinical benefit obtained by treating elderly individuals with asb. however, its high prevalence leads to the overdiagnosis of uti and unnecessary antibiotic use, which can result in adverse events, including clostridium difficile diarrhea and reinfection with antibiotic-resistant organisms.201425419149
phenotypic and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in a health care system in los angeles, california, from 2011 to 2013.carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) are a concern for health care in the united states but remain relatively uncommon in california. we describe the phenotype, clonality, and carbapenemase-encoding genes present in cre isolated from patients at a californian tertiary health care system. cre for this study were identified by evaluating the antibiograms of enterobacteriaceae isolated in the ucla health system from 2011 to 2013 for isolates that were not susceptible to meropenem and/or im ...201425210072
rapid time to results and high sensitivity of the carbanp test on early cultures.for rapid results, we adapted the carbanp test by using 5-hour-old cultures; the sensitivity and specificity for detection of carbapenemase production were 100% for non-oxa-producing organisms. the sensitivity from early cultures was 94% for detection of carbapenemase production in enterobacteriaceae strains. utilizing younger cultures allows the test to be incorporated into a single day's workflow, facilitating timely patient care and antimicrobial stewardship.201425143572
ndm-1 (new delhi metallo beta lactamase-1) producing gram-negative bacilli: emergence & clinical implications.backgound & objectives: resistance to carbapenems in gram-negative bacteria conferred by ndm-1 is a global health problem. we investigated the occurrence of ndm-1 in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital in kashmir valley, india.201425579151
characterization of a novel ampc β-lactamase produced by a carbapenem-resistant cedecea davisae clinical isolate.a cedecea davisae isolate, which was intermediate or resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, was recovered from a urine sample. susceptibility testing, isoelectric focusing, and analysis of outer membrane proteins showed that ampc β-lactamase expression combined with porin deficiency accounted for the carbapenem resistance. a cloning experiment followed by phenotypic and enzymatic characterization identified a novel class c enzyme that was phylogenetically and biochemically ...201425136020
distinct roles of major peptidoglycan recycling enzymes in β-lactamase production in shewanella oneidensis.β-lactam antibiotics were the earliest discovered and are the most widely used group of antibiotics that work by inactivating penicillin-binding proteins to inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis. as one of the most efficient defense strategies, many bacteria produce β-lactam-degrading enzymes, β-lactamases, whose biochemical functions and regulation have been extensively studied. a signal transduction pathway for β-lactamase induction by β-lactam antibiotics, consisting of the major peptidoglycan r ...201425136029
efficacy of a ceftazidime-avibactam combination in a murine model of septicemia caused by enterobacteriaceae species producing ampc or extended-spectrum β-lactamases.avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that has been shown in vitro to inhibit class a, class c, and some class d β-lactamases. it is currently in phase 3 of clinical development in combination with ceftazidime. in this study, the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam was evaluated in a murine septicemia model against five ceftazidime-susceptible (mics of 0.06 to 0.25 μg/ml) and 15 ceftazidime-resistant (mics of 64 to >128 μg/ml) species of enterobacteriaceae, bearing either tem, sh ...201425136016
safety, tolerability, and efficacy of gsk1322322 in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.gsk1322322 represents a new class of antibiotics that targets an essential bacterial enzyme required for protein maturation, peptide deformylase. this multicenter, randomized, phase iia study compared the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of gsk1322322 at 1,500 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) with that of linezolid at 600 mg b.i.d. in patients suspected of having gram-positive acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssis). the primary endpoint was assessment of the safety of gsk1322322, ...201425136015
structural and functional characterization of pseudomonas aeruginosa global regulator ampr.pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dreaded pathogen in many clinical settings. its inherent and acquired antibiotic resistance thwarts therapy. in particular, derepression of the ampc β-lactamase is a common mechanism of β-lactam resistance among clinical isolates. the inducible expression of ampc is controlled by the global lysr-type transcriptional regulator (lttr) ampr. in the present study, we investigated the genetic and structural elements that are important for ampc induction. specifically, the ...201425182487
comparison of culture, conventional and real-time pcr methods for listeria monocytogenes in foods.we compared standard culture methods as well as conventional pcr and real-time pcr for the detection of listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes) in milk, cheese, fresh-cut vegetables, and raw beef that have different levels of background microflora. no statistical differences were observed in sensitivity between the two selective media in all foods. in total, real-time pcr assay exhibited statistically excellent detection sensitivity (p<0.05) and was less time consuming and laborious as compare ...201426761501
synthesis and antibacterial activities of antibacterial peptides with a spiropyran fluorescence probe.in this report, antibacterial peptides 1-3 were prepared with a spiropyran fluorescence probe. the probe exhibits a change in fluorescence when isomerized from a colorless spiro-form (spiropyran, sp) to a colored open-form (merocyanine, mc) under different chemical environments, which can be used to study the mechanism of antimicrobial activity. peptides 1-3 exhibit a marked decrease in antimicrobial activity with increasing alkyl chain length. this is likely due to the sp-mc isomers in differen ...201425358905
evaluation of carbapenemase screening and confirmation tests with enterobacteriaceae and development of a practical diagnostic algorithm.reliable identification of carbapenemase-producing members of the family enterobacteriaceae is necessary to limit their spread. this study aimed to develop a diagnostic flow chart using phenotypic screening and confirmation tests that is suitable for implementation in different types of clinical laboratories. a total of 334 clinical enterobacteriaceae isolates genetically characterized with respect to carbapenemase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl), and ampc genes were analyzed. a total of 1 ...201425355766
evaluation of carbapenemase screening and confirmation tests with enterobacteriaceae and development of a practical diagnostic algorithm.reliable identification of carbapenemase-producing members of the family enterobacteriaceae is necessary to limit their spread. this study aimed to develop a diagnostic flow chart using phenotypic screening and confirmation tests that is suitable for implementation in different types of clinical laboratories. a total of 334 clinical enterobacteriaceae isolates genetically characterized with respect to carbapenemase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl), and ampc genes were analyzed. a total of 1 ...201425355766
evaluation of pcr-reverse blot hybridization assay, reba sepsis-id test, for simultaneous identification of bacterial pathogens and meca and van genes from blood culture bottles.the aim of this study was to evaluate a newly developed pcr-based reverse blot hybridization assay (pcr-reba), reba sepsis-id (m&d, wonju, korea), to rapidly detect the presence of bacteremia and antimicrobial resistance gene in blood culture samples.201425368820
covalent docking of large libraries for the discovery of chemical probes.chemical probes that form a covalent bond with a protein target often show enhanced selectivity, potency and utility for biological studies. despite these advantages, protein-reactive compounds are usually avoided in high-throughput screening campaigns. here we describe a general method (dockovalent) for screening large virtual libraries of electrophilic small molecules. we apply this method prospectively to discover reversible covalent fragments that target distinct protein nucleophiles, includ ...201425344815
plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance.three mechanisms for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) have been discovered since 1998. plasmid genes qnra, qnrb, qnrc, qnrd, qnrs, and qnrvc code for proteins of the pentapeptide repeat family that protects dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv from quinolone inhibition. the qnr genes appear to have been acquired from chromosomal genes in aquatic bacteria, are usually associated with mobilizing or transposable elements on plasmids, and are often incorporated into sul1-type integrons. the s ...201425584197
isolation and characterization of vb_ars-arv2 - first arthrobacter sp. infecting bacteriophage with completely sequenced genome.this is the first report on a complete genome sequence and biological characterization of the phage that infects arthrobacter. a novel virus vb_ars-arv2 (arv2) was isolated from soil using arthrobacter sp. 68b strain for phage propagation. based on transmission electron microscopy, arv2 belongs to the family siphoviridae and has an isometric head (∼63 nm in diameter) with a non-contractile flexible tail (∼194×10 nm) and six short tail fibers. arv2 possesses a linear, double-stranded dna genome ( ...201425333962
acute bacterial infection negatively impacts cancer specific survival of colorectal cancer patients.to assess the impact of bacterial infections on cancer-specific survival in patients with colorectal cancer.201425320529
enterobacteria identification and detection of diarrheagenic escherichia coli in a port complex.the port complex of maranhão (pcm) is the second largest port complex in brazil, receiving ships with large volumes of ballast water. to evaluate the microbiological quality of its waters, physicochemical parameters (ph and salinity), the number of coliforms (thermotolerants and totals), and the presence of enterobacterias and diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains were analyzed. in order to identify the presence of e. coli virulence genes target regions of the stx, elt, est, aggr, cvd432, ipah ...201425477930
a fatal case of multidrug resistant acinetobacter necrotizing fasciitis: the changing scary face of nosocomial infection.necrotizing fasciitis is an uncommon soft-tissue infection, associated with high morbidity and mortality. early recognition and treatment are crucial for survival. acinetobacter baumannii is rarely associated with necrotizing fasciitis. wound infections due to a. baumannii have been described in association with severe trauma in soldiers. there are only sporadic reports of monomicrobial a. baumannii necrotizing fasciitis. we report a unique case of monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis caused by m ...201425349748
high colonization rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli in swiss travellers to south asia- a prospective observational multicentre cohort study looking at epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors.international travel contributes to the worldwide spread of multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria. rates of travel-related faecal colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae vary for different destinations. especially travellers returning from the indian subcontinent show high colonization rates. so far, nothing is known about region-specific risk factors for becoming colonized.201425270732
efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin in hospitalized patients with secondary peritonitis: pooled analysis of four randomized phase iii trials.secondary peritonitis is an advanced form of complicated intra-abdominal infection (ciai) requiring hospitalization, surgical source control, and empiric antibiotic therapy against causative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.201424833256
high prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase, plasmid-mediated ampc, and carbapenemase genes in pet food.we evaluated the pet food contained in 30 packages as a potential origin of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative organisms and β-lactamase genes (bla). live bacteria were not detected by selective culture. however, pcr investigations on food dna extracts indicated that samples harbored the blactx-m-15 (53.3%), blacmy-4 (20%), and blaveb-4-like (6.7%) genes. particularly worrisome was the presence of blaoxa-48-like carbapenemases (13.3%). the original pet food ingredients and/o ...201425092703
emergence of kpc-2-producing salmonella enterica serotype schwarzengrund in argentina. 201425114136
avibactam and class c β-lactamases: mechanism of inhibition, conservation of the binding pocket, and implications for resistance.avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits a wide range of β-lactamases. these include class a, class c, and some class d enzymes, which erode the activity of β-lactam drugs in multidrug-resistant pathogens like pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae spp. avibactam is currently in clinical development in combination with the β-lactam antibiotics ceftazidime, ceftaroline fosamil, and aztreonam. avibactam has the potential to be the first β-lactamase inhibitor tha ...201425022578
resistome analysis of enterobacter cloacae cy01, an extensively drug-resistant strain producing vim-1 metallo-β-lactamase from china.resistome analysis of clinical vim-1-producing enterobacter cloacae strain cy01 from china revealed the presence of multiple resistance determinants. two resistance plasmids were identified in cy01. the pcy-vim plasmid was 14 kb in size and possessed a replicase gene (repa), a gene cluster encoding the partitioning function (parabc), and a carbapenemase gene (blavim-1). another 5.9-kb plasmid, pcy-mdt, with an aac(6')-ib gene, was very closely related (13 nucleotide differences) to pmdt1, a cole ...201425114139
first description of a blavim-2-carrying citrobacter freundii isolate in spain. 201425022585
re-examination of the taxonomic status of enterobacter helveticus, enterobacter pulveris and enterobacter turicensis as members of the genus cronobacter and their reclassification in the genera franconibacter gen. nov. and siccibacter gen. nov. as franconibacter helveticus comb. nov., franconibacter pulveris comb. nov. and siccibacter turicensis comb. nov., respectively.recently, a taxonomical re-evaluation of the genus enterobacter, based on multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) analysis, has led to the proposal that the species enterobacter pulveris, enterobacter helveticus and enterobacter turicensis should be reclassified as novel species of the genus cronobacter. in the present work, new genome-scale analyses, including average nucleotide identity, genome-scale phylogeny and k-mer analysis, coupled with previously reported dna-dna hybridization values and bio ...201425028159
detection of oxa-48-type carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in diagnostic laboratories can be enhanced by addition of bicarbonates to cultivation media or reaction buffers.carbapenemase-mediated resistance to carbapenems in enterobacteriaceae has become the main challenge in the treatment and prevention of infections recently. the partially unnoticed spread of oxa-48-type carbapenemase producers is usually assigned to low minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of carbapenems that oxa-48-producing isolates often display. therefore, there is an urgent need of specific and sensitive methods for isolation and detection of oxa-48 producers in clinical microbiology di ...201425261959
detection of oxa-48-type carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in diagnostic laboratories can be enhanced by addition of bicarbonates to cultivation media or reaction buffers.carbapenemase-mediated resistance to carbapenems in enterobacteriaceae has become the main challenge in the treatment and prevention of infections recently. the partially unnoticed spread of oxa-48-type carbapenemase producers is usually assigned to low minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of carbapenems that oxa-48-producing isolates often display. therefore, there is an urgent need of specific and sensitive methods for isolation and detection of oxa-48 producers in clinical microbiology di ...201425261959
single-molecule sequencing to track plasmid diversity of hospital-associated carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae.public health officials have raised concerns that plasmid transfer between enterobacteriaceae species may spread resistance to carbapenems, an antibiotic class of last resort, thereby rendering common health care-associated infections nearly impossible to treat. to determine the diversity of carbapenemase-encoding plasmids and assess their mobility among bacterial species, we performed comprehensive surveillance and genomic sequencing of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in the national in ...201425232178
bacterial communities in the gut and reproductive organs of bactrocera minax (diptera: tephritidae) based on 454 pyrosequencing.the citrus fruit fly bactrocera minax is associated with diverse bacterial communities. we used a 454 pyrosequencing technology to study in depth the microbial communities associated with gut and reproductive organs of bactrocera minax. our dataset consisted of 100,749 reads with an average length of 400 bp. the saturated rarefaction curves and species richness indices indicate that the sampling was comprehensive. we found highly diverse bacterial communities, with individual sample containing a ...201425215866
in vitro antibacterial activity, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of woodfordia fruticosa kurz. leaf extract and host toxicity testing with in vitro cultured lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood.to locate a plant with suitable phytochemicals for use as antimicrobial agents to control multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria as a complementary medicine, without host toxicity as monitored through cultured lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood.201425389517
salmonella-related urinary tract infection in an elderly patient.an elderly female patient with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection from salmonella newport is presented. radiological and laboratory studies were performed because of her systemic and exposure risk factors as well as prior urinary tract abnormalities. while this patient was successfully treated as an outpatient with oral antibiotics, complications and recurrence are common and deserve close follow-up with repeat urine cultures at a minimum. further laboratory and radiological testing should ...201425193813
impact of minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints on local cumulative bacterial susceptibility data and antibiotic consumption.the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of bacteria depends on minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints issued by national and international breakpoint committees. the current study was performed in order to test the influence of different ast standards on local cumulative ast data and on antibiotic consumption.201425185565
ampc-beta lactamases among enterobacteriaceae isolated at a tertiary hospital, south western uganda.to characterize ampc-beta lactamases among enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical samples at mbarara regional referral hospital.201426078920
emergence of multi drug resistant bacteria in diabetic patients with lower limb wounds. 201425366213
tgaa, a virb1-like component belonging to a putative type iv secretion system of bifidobacterium bifidum mimbb75.bifidobacterium bifidum mimbb75 is a human intestinal isolate demonstrated to be interactive with the host and efficacious as a probiotic. however, the molecular biology of this microorganism is yet largely unknown. for this reason, we undertook whole-genome sequencing of b. bifidum mimbb75 to identify potential genetic factors that would explain the metabolic and probiotic attributes of this bacterium. comparative genomic analysis revealed a 45-kb chromosomal region that comprises 19 putative g ...201424951779
molecular epidemiology of ndm-1-producing enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter baumannii isolates from pakistan.the molecular epidemiology of 66 ndm-producing isolates from 2 pakistani hospitals was investigated, with their genetic relatedness determined using repetitive sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr). pcr-based replicon typing and screening for antibiotic resistance genes encoding carbapenemases, other β-lactamases, and 16s methylases were also performed. rep-pcr suggested a clonal spread of enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli. a number of plasmid replicon types were identified, with the incompatibil ...201424982081
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