Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| nationwide outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype agona infections in infants in france, linked to infant milk formula, investigations ongoing. | 2005 | 16702636 | |
| the virulence markers of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. different phage-type strains isolated in slovakia. | phage-typing determination of cell-surface hydrophobicity, motility, and serovar-specific virulence plasmid was performed in a collection of 154 clinical isolates of s. enterica serovar typhimurium (set) isolated in slovakia. all isolates were also examined in pcr for the presence of both stn (enterotoxin) and irob (siderophore) genes. the dt104 was the definitive phage type most frequently identified (37.7 %), the second most frequently isolated phage type was dt41 (5.8 %); the occurrence of ot ... | 2005 | 16681151 |
| antibiotic sensitivity profiles of salmonella organisms isolated from presumptive typhoid patients in zaria, northern nigeria. | a hundred and ten salmonella organisms (comprising 38 salm. typhi, 13 salm. paratyphi and 59 non-typhi salmonella spp.) isolated from blood of patients diagnosed of typhoid fever in zaria, northern, nigeria were evaluated for their in-vitro susceptibility to eighteen antibiotics. a high percentage of the salmonella spp. exhibited resistance to the various test antibiotics. while ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and the aminoglycosides exhibited the greatest in-vitro activity against the isolates (82.7 ... | 2005 | 16749332 |
| [clostridium difficile toxin a and other enteropathogens in stool specimens of children hospitalized due to acute diarrhoea]. | a total of 74 fresh stool specimens obtained from children with acute diarrhoea (43) and without diarrhoea (31) were examined simultaneously for bacteria pathogens (culture methods) and for clostridium difficile toxin a (oxoid toxin a kits) and enteric viruses (only diarrhoeal samples) (slidex rota-adeno kits; biomçrieux). one (49%) or dual with c. difficile (23%) enteric pathogens associated with community-acquired diarrhoea (58% bacteria and 14% viruses) in 31 (72%) children were recognized. c ... | 2005 | 16433313 |
| postcholecystectomy surgical site infection by salmonella enterica var. weltevreden. | surgical site infections (ssi) are the most common complication of gastrointestinal surgery. the most common endogenous organisms encountered are the enteric pathogens. | 2005 | 16433609 |
| eggshell characteristics and penetration by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis through the production period of a layer flock. | 1. egg weight, shell thickness, number of pores, cuticle deposition and ability of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) to penetrate the shell were determined for eggs from one layer flock through the entire production period. 2. penetration was assessed by filling the eggs with a selective medium that allowed visualising salmonella growth on the inside of the shell and membrane complex. after inoculation of each shell with on average 2.59 log cfu, the eggs were stored for up to 20 d at ... | 2005 | 16428112 |
| effects of lactobacilli and lactose on salmonella typhimurium colonisation and microbial fermentation in the crop of the young turkey. | 1. three experiments were performed to examine the effects of lactobacilli and lactose on microbial fermentation and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium colonisation in the crop of the young turkey. 2. the following carboxylic acids were detected in the crop ingesta: formic, acetic, butyric, lactic, valeric, caproic, oxalic, phenyl acetic, succinic and fumaric; propionic, isobutyric and isovaleric acids were not detectable. 3. at the beginning of the night, there were considerable quantities ... | 2005 | 16428114 |
| [influence of human gastrointestinal tract bacterial pathogens on host cell apoptosis]. | several pathogenic bacteria are able to trigger apoptosis in the host cell, but the mechanisms by which it occurs differ, and the resulting pathology can take different courses. induction and/or blockage of programmed cell death upon infection is a result of complex interaction of bacterial proteins with cellular proteins involved in signal transduction and apoptosis. in this review we focus on pro/anti-apoptotic activities exhibited by two enteric pathogens salmonella enterica, yersinia spp. an ... | 2005 | 16381171 |
| [salmonella choleraesuis c500 delivering dna immunization against classical swine fever virus]. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 protein eukaryotic expression plasmid pvaxe2 was constructed. the plasmid pvaxe2 was transformed into salmonella choleraesuis c500 (s. c500) attenuated vaccine strain by electroporation to generate salmonella choleraesuis engineering strain s. c500/pvaxe2. the characterization of s. c500/pvaxe2 in morphology, growth, biochemistry and serology indicated that it retained the same properties as its original strain s. c500 with exception of kanamycin resistance ... | 2005 | 16468338 |
| antimicrobial-drug susceptibility of human and animal salmonella typhimurium, minnesota, 1997-2003. | we compared antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) subtypes of 1,028 human and 716 animal salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates from minnesota from 1997 to 2003. overall, 29% of human isolates were multidrug resistant. predominant phenotypes included resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol or kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline (acssut or akssut). most human multidrug-resistant isolates belonged to pfge clonal group a, c ... | 2005 | 16485477 |
| resistant salmonella virchow in quail products. | 2005 | 16485503 | |
| ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhi in a patient with osteomyelitis of the rib. | salmonella osteomyelitis of the rib is a rare clinical entity. in our case, a muhidrug resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhi was isolated from an immuno-competent patient with osteomyclitis of the ribs, who was treated earlier with ciprotloxacin for typhoid fever. the patient was successfully treated for osteomyclitis with intravenous ceftriaxone. | 2005 | 16515126 |
| application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to laboratory surveillance of small community outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | infectious diarrhea syndrome is an important cause of human morbidity around the world, and salmonella genus remains one of the most prevalent etiology. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium outbreak-associated isolates received by the laboratory for enteric pathogens from n.i.r.d.m.i. "cantacuzino" for confirmation and typing were analyzed by genomic pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and phage susceptibility testing to establish their relatedness. both typing methods proved to have simi ... | 2005 | 17405313 |
| the evolution of a conjugative plasmid and its ability to increase bacterial fitness. | conjugative plasmids are extra-chromosomal dna elements that are capable of horizontal transmission and are found in many natural isolated bacteria. although plasmids may carry beneficial genes to their bacterial host, they may also cause a fitness cost. in this work, we studied the evolution of the r1 plasmid and we found that, in spite of the r1 plasmid conferring an initial cost to its host, after 420 generations the cost disappeared in all five independent evolution experiments. in fact, in ... | 2005 | 17148179 |
| ribotyping of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from papua new guinea over the period 1977 to 1996. | the prevalence of typhoid in the papua new guinea (png) highlands region increased rapidly in the mid-1980s, and now remains endemic. in this study ribotyping has been used to examine the number and types of salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains present during the 1977-1996 period. the ribotyping banding pattern results were based on cla i and eco rv digests. the 57 png isolates were divided into 11 different ribotypes. comparison of ribotypes using coefficient of similarity values revealed ... | 2005 | 17212062 |
| laboratory-based salmonella surveillance in fiji, 2004-2005. | although foodborne diseases are an important public health problem worldwide, the burden of foodborne illness is not well described in most pacific island countries and territories. laboratory-based surveillance programs can detect trends and outbreaks, estimate burden of illness, and allow subtyping of enteric pathogens (e.g. salmonella serotyping), which is critical for linking illness to food vehicles and animal reservoirs. to enhance public health capacity in fiji for foodborne disease surve ... | 2005 | 18181494 |
| surveillance system and rapid tracing of primary sources in food-borne outbreaks by salmonella spp. part ii: molecular characterisation of some strains of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium are the serotypes most frequently isolated from human cases. traditional surveillance systems, based on serological characterisation and epidemiology, are not able to identify these common strains that cause outbreaks in humans. innovative techniques are therefore necessary to accurately characterise these serotypes and hence accelerate the identification of the primary sources. within a larger study, the goal of which was to develop an ac ... | 2005 | 20437381 |
| development of pcr primers for the detection of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis based on the flic gene. | salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis may cause swine salmonellosis and human infection. because the conventional method for detection of this salmonella serovar may take 3 to 5 days, a pcr method for detection was evaluated. by comparing the sequence of the phase 1 flagellin (flic) gene of salmonella choleraesuis with that of other salmonella serovars and of other bacteria species available in genbank, two pcr primers (flinc-f and flinc-r) were designed. using these primers, all 97 salmonell ... | 2005 | 21132962 |
| resting pigs on transport trailers as an intervention strategy to reduce salmonella enterica prevalence at slaughter. | recent research has shown that much preharvest salmonella enterica infection in pigs occurs immediately before slaughter during this rest period in the contaminated abattoir holding pens. the objective of this study was to evaluate a potential intervention strategy to reduce the prevalence of s. enterica-positive pigs at slaughter, which consisted of resting pigs prior to slaughter on their transport vehicle, instead of in the abattoir holding pen. additionally, the effect of transportation of p ... | 2005 | 21132985 |
| prevalence of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes contamination in foods of animal origin in italy. | the present survey collected and analyzed the results of routine testing for salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes on foods of animal origin submitted for official controls in italy during 2001 to 2002. salmonella was detected in 2.2% of 71,643 food samples examined, and the isolation rates ranged from 9.9% for raw poultry meat to less than 0.1% for dairy products. isolation rates were also high in raw pork (4.9%) and processed meats (5.3%), which often involved pork. low rates were obs ... | 2005 | 21132987 |
| tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate bypass. | the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle plays two essential roles in metabolism. first, under aerobic conditions the cycle is responsible for the total oxidation of acetyl-coa that is derived mainly from the pyruvate produced by glycolysis. second, tca cycle intermediates are required in the biosynthesis of several amino acids. although the tca cycle has long been considered a "housekeeping" pathway in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica, the pathway is highly regulated at the transcriptional le ... | 2005 | 26443520 |
| imaging techniques for the study of escherichia coli and salmonella infections. | infectious diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and numerous bacterial species are included in the vast array of causative agents. this review describes microscopy-based techniques that can be used to study interactions between bacteria and infected host cells, bacterial gene expression in the infected animal, and bacteria-induced cell signaling in eukaryotic cells. as infectious model systems, urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec) and ... | 2005 | 26443519 |
| hexose/pentose and hexitol/pentitol metabolism. | escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exhibit a remarkable versatility in the usage of different sugars as the sole source of carbon and energy, reflecting their ability to make use of the digested meals of mammalia and of the ample offerings in the wild. degradation of sugars starts with their energy-dependent uptake through the cytoplasmic membrane and is carried on further by specific enzymes in the cytoplasm, destined finally for degradation in central metabolic pathwa ... | 2005 | 26443516 |
| two-carbon compounds and fatty acids as carbon sources. | this review concerns the uptake and degradation of those molecules that are wholly or largely converted to acetyl-coenzyme a (coa) in the first stage of metabolism in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. these include acetate, acetoacetate, butyrate and longer fatty acids in wild type cells plus ethanol and some longer alcohols in certain mutant strains. entering metabolism as acetyl-coa has two important general consequences. first, generation of energy from acetyl-coa requires operation o ... | 2005 | 26443509 |
| transfer rna modification. | transfer rna (trna) from all organisms on this planet contains modified nucleosides, which are derivatives of the four major nucleosides. trna from escherichia coli/salmonella enterica contains 31 different modified nucleosides, which are all, except for one (queuosine[q]), synthesized on an oligonucleotide precursor, which through specific enzymes later matures into trna. the corresponding structural genes for these enzymes are found in mono- and polycistronic operons, the latter of which have ... | 2005 | 26443508 |
| catabolism of amino acids and related compounds. | this review considers the pathways for the degradation of amino acids and a few related compounds (agmatine, putrescine, ornithine, and aminobutyrate), along with their functions and regulation. nitrogen limitation and an acidic environment are two physiological cues that regulate expression of several amino acid catabolic genes. the review considers escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and klebsiella species. the latter is included because the pathways in klebsiella specie ... | 2005 | 26443507 |
| glycerol and methylglyoxal metabolism. | the metabolic connection between glycerol and methylglyoxal (mg) is principally that dhap, which is an intermediate in the aerobic breakdown of glycerol, is also the major precursor of mg, being the substrate for methylglyoxal synthase (mgs). the synthesis of mg is a consequence of unbalanced metabolism related either to a limitation for phosphate or to excessive carbon flux through the pathways that have the capacity to generate significant pools of dhap. cells producing mg produce a poison as ... | 2005 | 26443506 |
| intracellular voyeurism: examining the modulation of host cell activities bysalmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella spp. can infect host cells by gaining entry through phagocytosis or by inducing host cell membrane ruffling that facilitates bacterial uptake. with its wide host range, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has proven to be an important model organism for studying intracellular bacterial pathogenesis. upon entry into host cells, serovar typhimurium typically resides within a membrane-bound compartment termed the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). from the scv, serovar typhimurium ... | 2005 | 26443522 |
| food-borne outbreak caused by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in bari, italy. | this paper presents data from an epidemiologic investigation of an outbreak of gastroenteritis that occurred in bari, southern italy, in june 2005. the source of the outbreak was traced to consumption of rice "arancini" (a typical italian food prepared with rice, mozzarella cheese, eggs and bread crumbs), prepared in a traditional bakery in town. salmonella enteritidis strains were isolated from affected patients, bakery personnel and food items. isolates were analysed by using traditional micro ... | 2006 | 18536762 |
| rapid allelic exchange in enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and other e. coli using lambda red recombination. | this unit describes an allelic exchange system for enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), and similar pathogenic species of bacteria. the phage lambda red recombination system is expressed from a plasmid, inducing a hyper-recombinogenic state where electroporated pcr-generated substrates recombine with the bacterial chromosome at high efficiency. the technique can be used to substitute a drug marker for the gene of interest, or used to generate a clean in-frame deletion of the target gene. single gen ... | 2006 | 18770591 |
| simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes with an array-based immunosorbent assay using universal protein g-liposomal nanovesicles. | a novel universal reagent for immunoassays, protein g-liposomal nanovesicles has been developed and successfully used in an immunomagnetic bead sandwich assay for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 [c.-s. chen, a.j. baeumner, r.a. durst, talanta 67 (2005) 205]. to demonstrate the universal capability of protein g-liposomal nanovesicles, this reagent was used to develop an array-based immunosorbent assay for the simultaneous detection of e. coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytoge ... | 2006 | 18970559 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance among salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a in pondicherry. | 2006 | 17213529 | |
| molecular typing by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and detection of virulence genes of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid in chickens, outbreaks of which have devastated poultry populations in korea since 1992. in order to identify genetic differences among s. gallinarum isolates, bacteria were examined using the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method. of 13 arbitrary primers screened initially, the primer designated as universal rice primer-6 (urp-6) was selected for subsequent typing assays ... | 2006 | 17213701 |
| survival and recovery of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 at low temperature and water activity in a broth system. | this study investigated the survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 in a broth system under conditions of low temperature (4 degrees c) and low water activity (aw, 0.92 to 0.96). incubation under these conditions resulted in significant reductions in the viability of stationary phase cells, determined by direct plating on selective xld medium. reductions in viable numbers were related to injury associated with initial osmotic shock (hyperosmosis) and further injury associated w ... | 2006 | 17199519 |
| plasmid profiles and randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis strains from outbreaks and sporadic cases in turkey. | the aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of salmonella serotype enteritidis strains isolated from outbreaks and sporadic cases in turkey by plasmid profiles and randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) patterns. a total of 64 s. enteritidis clinical strains were selected from the culture collection of the enterobacteria laboratory of ankara university medical school department of microbiology and clinical microbiology for molecular analysis using the plasmid profiles and rapd ... | 2006 | 17201091 |
| growth of salmonella enterica in model mixed cultures during a two-step enrichment. | growth of salmonella enterica was studied in model mixed cultures with citrobacter freundii or escherichia coli in buffered peptone water (bpw) and in rappaport-vassiliadis medium with soya (rvs) with modified concentrations of mgcl2 and malachite green, and at modified incubation temperatures. selected s. enterica strains were inoculated in bpw (10(0) cfu/ml) together with selected strains of citrobacter freundii (up to 10(8) cfu/ml) or selected strains of escherichia coli (up to 10(8) cfu/ml), ... | 2006 | 17201092 |
| outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype manhattan infection associated with meat products, france, 2005. | between august 2005 and march 2006 in france, 69 cases of salmonella enterica serotype manhattan (salmonella manhattan) were reported, 51 (74%) of them from southeastern france. at the time of the alert (november 2005), 13 cases and 33 controls were interviewed. cases were more likely than controls to have eaten pork sausages (or=5.9, confidence interval ci [1.3; 26.9]) and beef (or=9.3, ci [1.3; 68.6]). at the same time, 19 strains of salmonella manhattan isolated from meat products in southeas ... | 2006 | 17206024 |
| increasing prevalence of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi-a in patients with enteric fever in a periurban slum setting of kolkata, india. | a sudden rise in the occurrence of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi-a (spta) was noted in a longitudinal community-based study in kolkata, india, during 2004 - 2005. we compared the incidence rate of salmonella enterica serotype typhi (st) and spta and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. rate of isolation of spta was 1.5 times higher than that of st, a trend detected for the first time in that particular focus. almost all the isolates were sensitive to gentamycin and norfloxacin. m ... | 2006 | 17164172 |
| hand abscess, phlebitis, and bacteremia due to salmonella enterica serotype augustenborg. | soft tissue and superficial venous infections are uncommon extraintestinal manifestations of non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) infections. in contrast to affected adults, who usually show immunological impairment, the majority of children with extraintestinal nts infections have no predisposing risk factors. here, we report a previously healthy infant who developed hand abscess, phlebitis, bacteremia, and impending disseminated intravascular coagulation. blood and abscess cultures showed salmonella ... | 2006 | 17164956 |
| vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) prevents killing of virulent and phop mutant salmonella typhimurium by inhibiting ifn-gamma stimulated nadph oxidative pathways in murine macrophages. | vasoactive intestinal peptide is an immunomodulator with great potential in the treatment of inflammatory pathology. in this study, we have examined the effect of vip on the growth dynamics of virulent salmonella enterica. serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) 14028 and 4/74 and an avirulent mutant (14028 phop) in a murine, macrophage cell line (j774.2). in contrast to standard growth dynamics, in which phop mutants do not survive in macrophages, we show that vip (10(-10) m) significantly enhance ... | 2006 | 17174562 |
| gata transcription factor required for immunity to bacterial and fungal pathogens. | in the past decade, caenorhabditis elegans has been used to dissect several genetic pathways involved in immunity; however, little is known about transcription factors that regulate the expression of immune effectors. c. elegans does not appear to have a functional homolog of the key immune transcription factor nf-kappab. here we show that that the intestinal gata transcription factor elt-2 is required for both immunity to salmonella enterica and expression of a c-type lectin gene, clec-67, whic ... | 2006 | 17183709 |
| effects of different molting procedures on incidence of salmonella infection in flocks of naturally contaminated laying hens in a commercial egg-producing farm by detection of yolk antibodies to salmonella in eggs. | indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) have been applied to detect immunoglobulin y antibodies to different serotypes of salmonella in the yolks of chicken eggs with heat-extracted antigens of salmonella enterica serotypes agona (sa), cerro (sc), enteritidis (se), montevideo (sm), and putten (sp). the egg yolk samples examined were classified as positive if their elisa absorbance values exceeded the value for eggs from specific-pathogen-free flocks by more than two standard deviati ... | 2006 | 17186654 |
| heat inactivation of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar typhi in a typical bologna matrix during an industrial cooking-cooling cycle. | the heat resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhi pf-724 and listeria monocytogenes 2812 was determined in a commercial bologna batter. the heat inactivation of the two bacterial species was also studied in a semiautomatic pilot smokehouse under cooking conditions that reproduced an industrial bologna process. s. enterica serovar typhi pf-724 was less heat resistant than l. monocytogenes 2812. the d-values (times required to reduce the population by 1 logarithmic cycle) for s. enterica se ... | 2006 | 17186675 |
| survival and growth of foodborne pathogens during cooking and storage of oriental-style rice cakes. | fresh cooked rice cakes for retail sale are typically held at room temperature because refrigeration dramatically reduces their quality. room temperature, high water activity, and a ph of > 4.6 provided an environment conducive to pathogen growth. to date, no studies have been published regarding survival and growth of foodborne pathogens in fresh cooked rice cakes. this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of steam cooking on foodborne pathogens and their subsequent growth in five var ... | 2006 | 17186677 |
| salmonella enterica serovar kentucky: antimicrobial resistance and molecular analysis of clinical isolates from the slovak republic. | a collection of 68 isolates of salmonella enterica serovar kentucky collected during the period 2003-2004 from humans in two geographical regions in the slovak republic was studied. the original isolate of this serovar was associated with travel to egypt, and the emergence of other isolates was due to the nosocomial spread of this strain in two hospitals. antimicrobial susceptibility testing, class i integrons content, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis and plasmid dna profiles wer ... | 2006 | 17186952 |
| facile approach for constructing tev insertions to probe protein structure in vivo. | the tobacco etch virus (tev) protease has been used as a tool to examine protein structure in vivo. tev cleavage sites (tevcs) have been introduced via cloning into unique restriction sites or random transposon mutagenesis. we describe a facile, efficient method for introducing tevcs at precise locations in a gene to test specific predictions about protein structure. the method uses the lamda red recombination system to construct seamless, in-frame insertions of the tevcs at any desired location ... | 2006 | 17191617 |
| colonic irritation. | 2006 | 17120341 | |
| infection and excretion of salmonella enteritidis in two different chicken lines with concurrent ascaridia galli infection. | studies on the impact of interaction of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and the parasitic nematode ascaridia galli with the avian host were undertaken with particular emphasis on infection and excretion of these pathogens in two different layer lines. a total of 148 salmonella-free 1-day-old chickens (73 hellevad and 75 lohmann brown) were randomly divided into five groups for each line. group 1 served as an uninoculated control group. groups 2 and 3 were infected with a. galli and s. en ... | 2006 | 17121738 |
| a strain of salmonella enterica serovar virchow isolated in turkey and carrying a ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. | a multiply resistant strain of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar virchow was isolated in november 2002 from a catheterized patient admitted to the ssk training hospital in ankara, turkey. this isolate showed an antimicrobial susceptibility pattern compatible with the presence of a ctx-m-type esbl, namely resistance to cefotaxime, aztreonam and cefepime, and intermediate susceptibility to ceftazidime. on checking for the presence of the bla(tem), bla(shv), and bla(ctx-m )resistance gene ... | 2006 | 17129843 |
| activity-based substrate profiling for gcn5-related n-acetyltransferases: the use of chloroacetyl-coenzyme a to identify protein substrates. | the gcn5-related n-acetyltransferases (gnat) comprise one of the largest enzyme superfamilies, with over 10 000 known members represented in all kingdoms of life. chloroacetylcoenzymea was prepared and demonstrated to be a substrate for several gnat members. chloroacetylcoa (claccoa) is used by the hat1 histone acetyltransferase to correctly acetylate histone h4 in a mixture of histone proteins. chloroacetylation can be assessed by the subsequent reaction of the chloroacetylated product with thi ... | 2006 | 17131985 |
| salmonella and shigella in freshly squeezed orange juice, fresh oranges, and wiping cloths collected from public markets and street booths in guadalajara, mexico: incidence and comparison of analytical routes. | a survey of the presence of salmonella and shigella in freshly squeezed orange juice and related samples was conducted in guadalajara, mexico. one hundred samples of freshly squeezed orange juice were collected from 49 street booths and 51 small food service establishments. in addition, 75 fresh orange samples, each consisting of five orange units, and 75 wiping cloths were collected from the same establishments from which juice had been collected. salmonella was isolated from 14, 20, and 23% of ... | 2006 | 17133801 |
| effects of microbial inhibitors and modified atmosphere packaging on growth of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica typhimurium and on quality attributes of injected pork chops and sliced cured ham. | this study was designed to determine the inhibitory effects of modified atmosphere packaging (map), both alone and in combination with potassium lactate and sodium diacetate (plsd), on selected pathogens common to pork products. effects of the treatments on product quality also were assessed. the hypothesis was that high-co2 map would increase the effectiveness of plsd for inhibition of pork pathogens. fresh chops from untreated pork loins and loins that were injected with plsd were inoculated w ... | 2006 | 17133810 |
| survival, elongation, and elevated tolerance of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis at reduced water activity. | growing microorganisms on dry surfaces, which results in exposure to low water activity (a(w)), may change their normal morphology and physiological activity. in this study, the morphological changes and cell viability of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis challenged to low a(w) were analyzed. the results indicated that exposure to reduced a(w) induced filamentation of the cells. the amount of filamentous cells at a(w) 0.94 was up to 90% of the total number of cells. surviving filamentous c ... | 2006 | 17133811 |
| heat tolerance of salmonella enterica serovars agona, enteritidis, and typhimurium in peanut butter. | recent large foodborne outbreaks caused by salmonella enterica serovars have been associated with consumption of foods with high fat content and reduced water activity, even though their ingredients usually undergo pasteurization. the present study was focused on the heat tolerance of salmonella enterica serovars agona, enteritidis, and typhimurium in peanut butter. the salmonella serovars in the peanut butter were resistant to heat, and even at a temperature as high as 90 degrees c only 3.2-log ... | 2006 | 17133812 |
| effect of glucose or glycerol as the sole carbon source on gene expression from the salmonella prpbcde promoter in escherichia coli. | we have developed an expression system (salmonella-based ppro system) containing the salmonella enterica prpbcde promoter (pprpb) and prpr encoding the positive transcriptional regulator of this promoter. in this study, the transcriptional efficiency of the ppro expression system was measured by placing the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (gfp) under the control of pprpb and growing cells containing this construct in minimal medium supplemented with glucose or glycerol as a sole carb ... | 2006 | 17137300 |
| infectivity and persistence of an outbreak strain of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt160 for house sparrows (passer domesticus) in new zealand. | to examine the infective dose, incubation period and disease progression of an isolate of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive type 160 (dt160) originating from a naturally-infected house sparrow (passer domesticus) during an outbreak of the disease in new zealand. | 2006 | 17151733 |
| antigenic competition among different 'o' antigens of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars during hyperimmunization in pony mares. | the present study on antigenic competition among somatic 'o' antigens of different salmonella groups (a, b, c1, c2, d and e1) in mares revealed that the immune response to most of the antigens was not (a, b, c2) or little (c1, d) affected by antigenic competition. however, e1 group antigen, which induced high antibody titres (avg. 12967.3) when given alone, produced almost 3.5 log2 lower antibody titres on giving with other antigens, indicating the antigenic competition among some salmonella gro ... | 2006 | 17176678 |
| [an epidemiological study of outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a occurred in two chinese families after traveled to different areas of china]. | we reported two familial clusters of paratyphoid fever after travel to china occurring in the same yokohama ward from september to october 2002. six salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a) strains, 3 each from 2 clusters, were isolated and their characteristics analyzed using phage typing, susceptibility to antibiotics, and patterns of restriction endonuclease-digested dna fragments in agarose gel following pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). mutations in genes for gyra and ... | 2006 | 17176854 |
| antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal salmonella from food sources in colombia: evidence for an unusual plasmid-localized class 1 integron in serotypes typhimurium and anatum. | seventy-two isolates representing 18 serotypes recovered from various food samples collected in colombia were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities. the collection was further characterized for extended-spectrum cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, and tetracycline resistance markers. multidrug resistant (mdr) isolates were further investigated for class 1 integrons and were evaluated for the presence of conjugative plasmids along with a determination of the incompatibility group by polymerase cha ... | 2006 | 17227213 |
| plasticity of the domain structure in flgj, a bacterial protein involved in flagellar rod formation. | bacterial flagellar rod structure is built across the peptidoglycan (pg) layer. a salmonella enterica flagellar protein flgj is believed to consist of two functional domains, the n-terminal half acting as a scaffold or cap essential for rod assembly and the c-terminal half acting as a pg hydrolase (pgase) that makes a hole in the pg layer to facilitate rod penetration. in this study, molecular data analyses were conducted on flgj data sets sampled from a variety of bacterial species, and three t ... | 2006 | 17283383 |
| bactericidal activity of normal bovine serum (nbs) directed against some enterobacteriaceae with sialic acid-containing lipopolysaccharides (lps) as a component of cell wall. | the sensitivity of bacteria to the bactericidal activity of serum depends on the structure and organization of the bacterial outer membrane. sialic acid has been found in the o-specific region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and it plays an essential role in protecting gram-negative bacteria against the bactericidal activity of human and animal serum. the susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli with sialic acid-containing lps to the bactericidal action of normal bovine serum (nbs) was dete ... | 2006 | 17338268 |
| variable-number tandem repeats that are useful in genotyping isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars typhimurium and newport. | the genome of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 was analyzed for direct repeats, and 54 sequences containing variable-number tandem repeat loci were identified. ten primer pairs that anneal upstream and downstream of each selected locus were designed and used to amplify pcr targets in isolates of s. enterica serovars typhimurium and newport. four of the 10 loci did not show polymorphism in the length of products. six loci were selected for analysis. isolates of s ... | 2006 | 16943354 |
| multiplex pcr-based method for identification of common clinical serotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. | a multiplex pcr method has been developed to differentiate between the most common clinical serotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica encountered in washington state and the united states in general. six genetic loci from s. enterica serovar typhimurium and four from s. enterica serovar typhi were used to create an assay consisting of two five-plex pcrs. the assays gave reproducible results with 30 different serotypes that represent the most common clinical isolates of s. enterica subsp. ... | 2006 | 16943358 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica in preweaned calves from dairies and calf ranches. | to evaluate serovar and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica isolated from preweaned calves and identify management risk factors associated with fecal shedding of s enterica. | 2006 | 16948605 |
| humanized transgenic mice expressing hla dr4-dq3 haplotype: reconstitution of phenotype and hla-restricted t-cell responses. | many autoimmune conditions have close genetic linkages to particular human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (hla) class ii genes. with the aim of establishing a murine model of autoimmune disease, we have generated an hla dr4-dq3 haplotype transgenic (tg) mouse that expresses a 440-kb yeast artificial chromosome harbouring dra, drb1*040101, drb4*010301, dqa1*030101, dqb1*0302 and all the internal regulatory segments. this tg mouse line was crossed to human cd4 (hcd4) tg mice and endogenous c ... | 2006 | 16948641 |
| how to outwit the enemy: dendritic cells face salmonella. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi causes typhoid fever, a serious life-threatening systemic infection. in mice, a similar disease is caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. during typhoid fever, soon after attachment to the mucosal surface of the gut, bacteria come into contact with the dendritic cells (dcs). the ability to sample antigens, process and present them to naïve and mature t cells, in the context of major histocompatibility complex molecules, makes dcs indispensable for mo ... | 2006 | 16948811 |
| single, double and triple mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium degp (htra), degq (hhoa) and degs (hhob) have diverse phenotypes on exposure to elevated temperature and their growth in vivo is attenuated to different extents. | degp (htra) is a well-studied protease involved in survival of bacteria under stress conditions in vitro and in vivo. there are two paralogues of degp in the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genome, degq and degs. in order to understand more about the biological significance of this gene family, a series of deg-deletion mutants was generated in s. typhimurium strain sl3261 by allelic replacement. at elevated temperature in vitro, the viability of degp and degs mutants was reduced when com ... | 2006 | 16949246 |
| ctx-m-37 in salmonella enterica serotype isangi from durban, south africa. | beta-lactamase-mediated resistance was investigated in 59 putative extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-positive salmonella spp. from the paediatric ward of a tertiary hospital in durban, south africa. three salmonella enterica serotype isangi cultured from stool samples were multidrug resistant, with susceptibility only to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoxitin. isoelectric focusing revealed beta-lactamases with isoelectric points of pi 5.8, 6.8 and 7.2. sequencing identified beta- ... | 2006 | 16949257 |
| molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance among salmonella enterica serovar infantis from poultry in kagoshima, japan. | antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance genes of 135 strains of salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolated from poultry in kagoshima were examined. one strain (0.7%) was resistant to ampicillin (a), 97% to streptomycin (s), 95.6% to sulphamethoxazole (su), 96.3% to oxytetracycline (t), 11.1% to kanamycin (km) and 36.3% to ofloxacin (o). multiresistant phenotypes identified were assut-km, ssut-km, ssut-o and ssut. class 1 integrons were detected in 94.8% of isolates. approximately 89% of o ... | 2006 | 16949258 |
| catabolite repression of the sira regulatory cascade in salmonella enterica. | orthologs of the salmonella bara/sira two-component system are required for virulence, motility, secondary metabolism and stress survival throughout the gamma-proteobacteria. bara is a sensor kinase that responds to an unknown signal by phosphorylating the response regulator sira. sira increases the expression of genes within salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) that encode a type iii secretion system (ttss-1). sira does this by directly activating the hila and hilc regulatory genes encoded ... | 2006 | 16949866 |
| role of n-acetylglucosamine within core lipopolysaccharide of several species of gram-negative bacteria in targeting the dc-sign (cd209). | our recent studies have shown that the dendritic cell-specific icam nonintegrin cd209 (dc-sign) specifically binds to the core lps of escherichia coli k12 (e. coli), promoting bacterial adherence and phagocytosis. in this current study, we attempted to map the sites within the core lps that are directly involved in lps-dc-sign interaction. we took advantage of four sets of well-defined core lps mutants, which are derived from e. coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, neisseria gonorrhoea ... | 2006 | 16951363 |
| selective ablation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 exacerbates experimental colitis: contrasting role of gelatinases in the pathogenesis of colitis. | the matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), mmp-2 and mmp-9, share structural and substrate similarities and are up-regulated during human as well as animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. we recently demonstrated that epithelial-derived mmp-9 is an important mediator of inflammation and tissue damage in colitis. in this study, we examined the role of mmp-2 in acute colitis. colitis was induced using two models, administration of dextran sodium sulfate (dss) and salmonella enterica subsp. serova ... | 2006 | 16951375 |
| characterization of stg fimbriae from an avian pathogenic escherichia coli o78:k80 strain and assessment of their contribution to colonization of the chicken respiratory tract. | in a previous study, ecs-3, a sequence from avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec) o78:k80 strain chi7122, was found to be expressed in vivo in infected chicken tissues. the region encompassing ecs-3 carries a fimbrial gene cluster that is a putative ortholog of the stg fimbrial gene cluster of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. this apec fimbrial gene cluster, which we have termed stg, is a member of a distinct group of related fimbriae that are located in the glms-psts intergenic region of c ... | 2006 | 16952934 |
| flit acts as an anti-flhd2c2 factor in the transcriptional control of the flagellar regulon in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | flagellar operons are divided into three classes with respect to their transcriptional hierarchy in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the class 1 gene products flhd and flhc act together in an flhd(2)c(2) heterotetramer, which binds upstream of the class 2 promoters to facilitate binding of rna polymerase. class 2 expression is known to be enhanced by a disruption mutation in a flagellar gene, flit. in this study, we purified flit protein in a his-tagged form and showed that the protein p ... | 2006 | 16952964 |
| the key role of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in investigation of a large multiserotype and multistate food-borne outbreak of salmonella infections centered in pennsylvania. | five different serotypes of salmonella enterica were implicated in a large outbreak linked to fresh roma tomatoes served at gas station deli counters in pennsylvania and nearby states during july 2004: s. enterica serotypes javiana, anatum, thompson, typhimurium, and muenchen. one of these serotypes, anatum, was isolated from both tomatoes and patients. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) played a key role in identifying the outbreak-associated isolates and distinguishing them from unrelated ... | 2006 | 16954249 |
| comparison of api 20e and inva pcr for identification of salmonella enterica isolates from swine production units. | api 20e and inva pcr were evaluated for the identification of salmonella enterica isolates from swine farms. api 20e had the highest agreement with other tests at the 99.9% likelihood level. both tests had 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity compared to 16s rrna sequencing. compared to serotyping, both tests had 96% sensitivity; specificity was 86% for api 20e and 79% for inva pcr. | 2006 | 16954281 |
| survival of salmonella enterica serovar newport in manure and manure-amended soils. | salmonella enterica serovar newport has undergone a rapid epidemic spread in dairy cattle. this provides an efficient mechanism for pathogen amplification and dissemination into the environment through manure spreading on agricultural land. the objective of this study was to determine the survival characteristics of salmonella serovar newport in manure and manure-amended soils where the pathogen may be amplified. a multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella serovar newport strain and a drug-susceptibl ... | 2006 | 16957193 |
| comparison of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 and non-lt2 salmonella genomic sequences, and genotyping of salmonellae by using pcr. | genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 expected to be specifically present in salmonella were selected using the basic local alignment search tool (blast) program. the 152 selected genes were compared with 11 genomic sequences of salmonella serovars, including salmonella enterica subsp. i and iiib and salmonella bongori (v), and were clustered into 17 groups by their comparison patterns. a total of 38 primer pairs were constructed to represent each of the 17 groups, and pcr was per ... | 2006 | 16957240 |
| microarray-based detection of bacteria by on-chip pcr. | in this chapter, a protocol called on-chip polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is presented for the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) microarray-based detection of bacterial target sequences. on-chip pcr combines, in a single step, the conventional amplification of a target with a simultaneous, nested pcr round intended for target detection. while freely diffusible primers are deployed for amplification, the nested pcr is initiated by oligonucleotide primers bound to a solid phase. thus, on-chip pcr allow ... | 2006 | 16957345 |
| identification and characterization of espk, a type iii secreted effector protein of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7. | enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) causes bloody diarrhoea in humans and deploys a type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement to elicit the formation of attaching and effacing (ae) lesions on intestinal epithelia. here, we report the identification of a new secreted substrate of this system, z1829, which is encoded by cryptic prophage cp-933n. elevated secretion of a beta-lactamase-z1829 fusion protein was detected upon mutation of sepd in ehec o157:h7 ... | 2006 | 16958848 |
| nucleotide sequences and organization of the genes for carotovoricin (ctv) from erwinia carotovora indicate that ctv evolved from the same ancestor as salmonella typhi prophage. | carotovoricin er (ctver), which is produced by a plant soft rot disease causative agent, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora er, is a high-molecular-weight bacteriocin showing myoviridae phage-tail-like morphology with contractile sheath and plural tail fibers. we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of ctver genes on the e. carotovora er chromosome and report that ctver genes consist of lysis cassette, major and minor structural protein gene clusters. four promoters were identified. th ... | 2006 | 16960352 |
| salmonella enterica serotype virchow: epidemiology, resistance patterns and molecular characterisation of an invasive salmonella serotype in israel. | this study outlines the unique epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype virchow in israel. between 1997 and 2002, the overall incidence of non-typhoid salmonella enterica (nts) decreased from 69.3 to 53.3 infections/100,000 population, but the incidence of s. virchow increased (from 7.2 to 9.1 infections/100,000). since 2000, s. virchow has become the second-ranking nts isolate, accounting for 17% and 27% of all stool and blood nts isolates, respectively. infants aged < 1 year had the highes ... | 2006 | 16961637 |
| identification of specific gene sequences conserved in contemporary epidemic strains of salmonella enterica. | genetic elements specific to recent and contemporary epidemic strains of salmonella enterica were identified using comparative genomic analysis. two epidemic multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains, mdr salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (dt104) and cephalosporin-resistant mdr salmonella enterica serovar newport, and an epidemic pansusceptible strain, salmonella serovar typhimurium dt160, were subjected to salmonella gene microarray and suppression subtractive hybridizat ... | 2006 | 16963552 |
| bile-induced curing of the virulence plasmid in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | exposure to bile induces curing of the virulence plasmid in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (pslt). disruption of the ccdb gene increases pslt curing, both spontaneous and induced by bile, suggesting that the pslt ccdab genes may encode a homolog of the ccdab addiction module previously described in the f sex factor. unlike the f sex factor, synthesis of pslt-encoded pili does not confer bile sensitivity. these observations may provide insights into the evolution of virulence plasmids in ... | 2006 | 16963576 |
| variant salmonella genomic island 1-l antibiotic resistance gene cluster in salmonella enterica serovar newport. | we report a new salmonella genomic island 1 variant antibiotic resistance gene cluster called sgi1-l in a salmonella enterica serovar newport isolate containing a dfra15 gene cassette conferring resistance to trimethoprim. the isolate carried another class 1 integron containing the aacc5 and aada7 gene cassettes conferring resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin/spectinomycin, respectively. | 2006 | 16966396 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis-susceptible i/st mice develop severe disease following infection with taxonomically distant bacteria, salmonella enterica and chlamydia pneumoniae. | mice of i/st strain develop severe lung inflammation and die shortly following infection with virulent mycobacteria. to find out whether tuberculosis (tb)-susceptible i/st mice are susceptible to other intracellular bacteria, we investigated two different taxonomically distant pathogens, chlamydia pneumoniae and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. comparison of i/st and tb-resistant a/sn mice (both nramp1(r)) demonstrated that the former are more susceptible to both salmonella and chlamydia ... | 2006 | 16968403 |
| binding-induced stabilization and assembly of the phage p22 tail accessory factor gp4. | to infect and replicate, bacteriophage p22 injects its 43 kbp genome across the cell wall of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the attachment of phage p22 to the host cell as well as the injection of the viral dna into the host is mediated by the virion's tail complex. this 2.8 mda molecular machine is formed by five proteins, which include the portal protein gp1, the adhesion tailspike protein gp9, and three tail accessory factors: gp4, gp10, gp26. we have isolated the tail accessory fac ... | 2006 | 16970964 |
| phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby isolates. | sixty-two salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby isolates from slaughter pigs and meat products isolated in southern brazil were analyzed for their genomic relationships and for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. twenty-four s. derby isolates were indistinguishable by their subtracted restriction fingerprinting (srf) pattern, xbai- and blni-macrorestriction patterns, phage type, plasmid profile, and resistance pattern. in contrast to the blni-macrorestriction patterns, th ... | 2006 | 16971066 |
| the presence of major world-wide clones for phage type 4 and 8 salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and the evaluation of their virulence levels by invasiveness assays in vitro and in vivo. | seventy-seven animal isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) obtained from the united states were analyzed by phage typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). thirty-nine strains were found with phage types (pt) 4, 8, and 13a. when the chromosomal dna of these 39 isolated strains with pt4, 8, and 13a were digested with xbai, spei and noti, followed by pfge analysis, 28 strains were found with a pattern combination of x4s4n4, which was the major subtype. when ... | 2006 | 16978349 |
| gene expression responses to a salmonella infection in the chicken intestine differ between lines. | poultry products are an important source of salmonella enterica. an effective way to reduce food poisoning due to salmonella would be to breed chickens more resistant to salmonella. unfortunately host responses to salmonella are complex with many factors involved. to learn more about responses to salmonella in young chickens, a cdna microarray analysis was performed to compare gene expression profiles between two chicken lines under control and salmonella infected conditions. newly hatched chick ... | 2006 | 16978708 |
| multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing salmonella enterica (serotypes typhi and paratyphi a) from blood isolates in nepal: surveillance of resistance and a search for newer alternatives. | we evaluated the prevalence of multidrug resistance (mdr) and production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) by salmonella enterica (serotypes typhi and paratyphi a) in a teaching hospital in nepal. the mdr strains of s. enterica were also tested for susceptibility to newer antibiotics. | 2006 | 16978898 |
| simulation model estimates of test accuracy and predictive values for the danish salmonella surveillance program in dairy herds. | the danish government and cattle industry instituted a salmonella surveillance program in october 2002 to help reduce salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype dublin (s. dublin) infections. all dairy herds are tested by measuring antibodies in bulk tank milk at 3-month intervals. the program is based on a well-established elisa, but the overall test program accuracy and misclassification was not previously investigated. we developed a model to simulate repeated bulk tank milk antibody measur ... | 2006 | 16979767 |
| transcription modulation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium promoters by sub-mic levels of rifampin. | promoter-lux fusions that showed rifampin-modulated transcription were identified from a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium 14028 reporter library. the transformation of a subset of fusions into mutants that lacked one of six global regulatory proteins or were rifampin resistant showed that transcription modulation was independent of the global regulators, promoter specific, and dependent on the interaction of rifampin with rna polymerase. | 2006 | 16980465 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium periplasmic superoxide dismutase sodci is a member of the phopq regulon and is induced in macrophages. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium replicates within host macrophages during the systemic stage of infection. in the macrophage, the bacteria must survive the respiratory burst that produces superoxide. serovar typhimurium strain 14028 produces two periplasmic superoxide dismutases, sodci and sodcii, but only sodci contributes to virulence. although we have shown that this is primarily due to differences in the two proteins, evidence suggests differential regulation of the two genes. using ... | 2006 | 16980468 |
| uncovering a large set of genes that affect surface motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | we describe a large set of genes affecting motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. identified in microarray experiments as displaying flagellar gene expression patterns or controlled by known flagellar regulators, we show that null mutations in these genes primarily affect swarming motility. three genes function in chemotaxis. | 2006 | 16980469 |
| purf-independent phosphoribosyl amine formation in yjgf mutants of salmonella enterica utilizes the tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme complex anthranilate synthase-phosphoribosyltransferase. | in salmonella enterica, the biosynthetic pathways for the generation of purines and the essential cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate branch after sharing five enzymatic steps. phosphoribosyl amine (pra) is the first intermediate in the common portion of the pathway and is generated from phosphoribosylpyrophosphate and glutamine by the purf enzyme (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase). a null mutation in yjgf allows purf-independent pra formation by an unknown mechanism. the tryptophan bios ... | 2006 | 16980480 |
| phop-induced genes within salmonella pathogenicity island 1. | the invasive pathogen salmonella enterica has evolved a sophisticated device that allows it to enter nonphagocytic host cells. this process requires the expression of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1), which encodes a specialized type iii protein secretion system (ttss). this ttss delivers a set of effectors that produce a marked rearrangement of the host cytoskeleton, generating a profuse membrane ruffling at the site of interaction, driving bacterial entry. it has been shown that the p ... | 2006 | 16980492 |
| prevalence of antibodies reactive to pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria in preimmune serum of new zealand white rabbits. | polyclonal antibodies are typically produced in rabbits. the rabbit's health plays an important role in the quality of antibodies produced. therefore, recommendations have been made by organizations on which bacteria and how frequently to test rabbit colonies. since it is well known that rabbits may contain cross-reactive antibodies in their preimmune serum, it is common to test the rabbits for reactivity prior to immunization. here preimmune sera from 19 different rabbits were tested with elisa ... | 2006 | 16981648 |
| characterization of the acyl substrate binding pocket of acetyl-coa synthetase. | amp-forming acetyl-coa synthetase [acs; acetate:coa ligase (amp-forming), ec 6.2.1.1] catalyzes the activation of acetate to acetyl-coa in a two-step reaction. this enzyme is a member of the adenylate-forming enzyme superfamily that includes firefly luciferase, nonribosomal peptide synthetases, and acyl- and aryl-coa synthetases/ligases. although the structures of several superfamily members demonstrate that these enzymes have a similar fold and domain structure, the low sequence conservation an ... | 2006 | 16981708 |
| cxcl16 regulates cell-mediated immunity to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis via promotion of gamma interferon production. | cxcl16 is a recently discovered multifaceted chemokine that has been shown not only to recruit activated t lymphocytes but also to play a direct role in the binding and phagocytosis of bacteria by professional antigen-presenting cells. in this study, we investigated the role of cxcl16 in vivo in the regulation of the immune response using a murine model of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection. the expression of cxcl16 was strongly upregulated in the spleens and livers of animals dev ... | 2006 | 16982830 |