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identification of three new type-specific antigen epitopes in the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 1.porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) has been identified as a contaminant of porcine kidney cell line (pk-15). serological evidence and genetic studies have suggested that pcv1 is widespread in domestic pigs. in this study, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antibodies (pabs) were generated against a recombinant pcv1 cap protein (pcv1-cap), which was expressed using the baculovirus system. pepscan analysis was used to identify epitopes on the pcv1-cap with mabs and pabs. three linear b-cell ...201222437253
detection of natural inter- and intra-genotype recombination events revealed by cap gene analysis and decreasing prevalence of pcv2 in wild boars.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of a number of pcvad (porcine circovirus associated diseases), is ubiquitous in domestic pig and wild boar populations. in the present study, using recombination detection program, phylogenetic analysis and base-by-base comparison of 28 pcv2 orf2s (capsid protein coding gene) from wild boars and 8 from domestic pigs of transylvania, recent natural intra- (pcv2b-1b/pcv2b-1c) and inter-genotype (pcv2a-2d/pcv2b-1c) recombination events were dete ...201222293465
torque teno sus virus in pigs: an emerging pathogen?the newly established family anelloviridae includes a number of viruses infecting humans (torque teno viruses) and other animal species. the ones infecting domestic swine and wild boar are nowadays named torque teno sus viruses (ttsuv), which are small circular single-stranded dna viruses highly prevalent in the pig population. so far, two genetically distinct ttsuv species are infecting swine. both ttsuvs appear to efficiently spread by vertical and horizontal transmission routes; in fact, foet ...201222252126
molecular hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of cardiac angiotensin ii type 1 receptors.the goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of targeted imaging of the angiotensin ii type 1 receptor (at1r) in cardiac tissue, using clinical hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography (pet/ct).201223158533
proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the swine-a new model.to develop a large animal model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (pvr) in the swine to eventually study disease pathophysiology, as well as novel therapies.201222729438
pig bone marrow-derived macrophages resemble human macrophages in their response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide.mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdm) grown in m-csf (csf-1) have been used widely in studies of macrophage biology and the response to tlr agonists. we investigated whether similar cells could be derived from the domestic pig using human rcsf-1 and whether porcine macrophages might represent a better model of human macrophage biology. cultivation of pig bone marrow cells for 5-7 d in presence of human rcsf-1 generated a pure population of bmdm that expressed the usual macrophage markers ...201222393154
in vivo dynamic compressive stresses in the disc annulus: a pilot study of bilateral differences due to hemiepiphyseal implant in a quadruped model.in vivo biomechanical study in quadruped model.201222391442
phylogeny and evolutionary genetics of porcine parvovirus in wild boars.porcine parvovirus (ppv) is widespread among swine and is responsible for reproductive failure of susceptible sows, characterized by embryonic and fetal death. studies showed that ppv in domestic pig is genetically diverse and some strains differ from the ones used for vaccination. organ samples from wild boars and domestic pigs were collected in transylvania (romania) and tested for the presence of ppv by polymerase chain reaction. positive samples were grouped and 14 from the wild boar and 1 f ...201222575819
oral immunization of wild boar and domestic pigs with attenuated live vaccine protects against pseudorabies virus infection.in domestic pigs strict control measures and the use of gene-deleted marker vaccines resulted in the elimination of pseudorabies virus (prv) infections in many parts of europe and north america. in free-roaming feral pigs and wild boar populations, however, serological surveys and monitoring in the americas, europe and north africa provided serological and virological evidence that prv is more widely distributed than previously assumed. thus, there is a constant risk of spillover of prv infectio ...201222832373
first time molecular detection and phylogenetic relationships of torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 in domestic pigs in uganda: further evidence for a global distribution.torque teno sus virus 1 (ttsuv1) and 2 (ttsuv2) are small, single-stranded circular dna viruses belonging to the anelloviridae family. available studies clearly show that both viruses are widely distributed in the pig populations in america, europe and asia, although the impact of the infection is still unclear. currently, the situation in domestic pig populations on the african continent is not known. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible presence of the two viruses i ...201222336096
toxocara cati larva migrans in domestic pigs--detected at slaughterhouse control in norway.routine trichinella meat inspection at the slaughterhouse detected one larva in a pooled batch of 100 pig samples. the larva was sent to the norwegian veterinary institute (nvi) for species identification.morphological examination revealed that the larva was not trichinella spp. molecular analysis was performed. pcr and sequencing of 5s/its identified the larva as toxocara cati. a second round of digests was carried out at the meat inspection laboratory, in smaller batches to try to identify the ...201223171732
high prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic pigs in oaxaca state, mexico.pigs are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in north america. seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in 525 domestic pigs (337 backyard raised, 188 farm raised) in oaxaca state, mexico was determined using the modified agglutination test (mat, cutoff 1:25). antibodies to t. gondii were found in 58 (17.2%) of the 337 backyard pigs with mat titers of 1:25 in 10, 1:50 in 12, 1:100 in 18, 1:200 in 6, 1:400 in 6, 1:800 in 3, and 1:1,600 in 3. seropositive pigs were found in 39 (37. ...201222559725
trichinella patagoniensis n. sp. (nematoda), a new encapsulated species infecting carnivorous mammals in south america.until a few years ago, trichinella spiralis was the only taxon of the genus trichinella detected in both domestic and wild animals of south america. recently, a new genotype, named trichinella t12, was identified in cougars (puma concolor) from argentina, on the basis of molecular studies using mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal markers. in the present study, cross-breeding experiments indicated that trichinella t12 is reproductively isolated from all other encapsulated trichinella spp. and sug ...201222921601
antibodies to west nile virus and related flaviviruses in wild boar, red foxes and other mesomammals from spain.red foxes (vulpes vulpes), wild boar (sus scrofa) and iberian pigs (sus scrofa domestica) that are raised extensively outdoors, as well as other wild mesomammals from south central spain and wild boar from doñana national park (dnp), were tested for antibodies against related flaviviruses by elisa and for antibodies against wnv by vnt. mean flavivirus seroprevalence according to elisa was 20.4 ± 7.8% (21 out of 103) in red foxes, 12.6 ± 2.8% (69 out of 545) in wild boars, and 3.3±2.7% (6 out of ...201222595138
high-powered microwave ablation with a small-gauge, gas-cooled antenna: initial ex vivo and in vivo results.to evaluate the performance of a gas-cooled, high-powered microwave system.201222277272
microvascular patterns in the blubber of shallow and deep diving odontocetes.blubber, a specialized form of subdermal adipose tissue, surrounds marine mammal bodies. typically, adipose tissue is perfused by capillaries but information on blubber vascularization is lacking. this study's goals were to: 1) describe and compare the microvasculature (capillaries, microarterioles, and microvenules) of blubber across odontocete species; 2) compare microvasculature of blubber to adipose tissue; and 3) examine relationships between blubber's lipid composition and its microvascula ...201222592863
genetic characterization of swine influenza viruses isolated in japan between 2009 and 2012.eleven swine influenza viruses (sivs) isolated from pigs in japanese institutions between 2009 and 2012 were genetically characterized. seven h1n1 were shown to have originated from a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses. two h1n2 viruses contained h1 and n2 genes of japanese h1n2 siv origin together with internal genes of a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses. two h3n2 viruses isolated during animal quarantine were identified as triple reassortant h3n2 viruses maintained among pigs in north america. this study shows that a(h1n1) ...201222924526
glycocalyx characterisation and glycoprotein expression of sus domesticus epididymal sperm surface samples.the sperm surface is covered with a dense coating of carbohydrate-rich molecules. many of these molecules are involved in the acquisition of fertilising ability. in the present study, eight lectins (i.e. arachis hypogae (peanut) agglutinin (pna), lens culimaris (lentil) agglutinin-a (lca), pisum sativum (pea) agglutin (psa), triticum vulgari (wheat) germ agglutinin (wga), helix pomatia agglutinin (hpa), phaseolus vulgaris (red kidney bean) leucoagglutinin (pha-l), glycine max (soybean) agglutini ...201222541550
dna extraction from skins of wild (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris and pecari tajacu) and domestic (sus scrofa domestica) species using a novel protocol.sometimes, commercial products obtained from wild animals are sold as if they were from domestic animals and vice versa. at this point of the productive chain, legal control of possible wildlife products is difficult. common in the commerce of northern argentina, skins of two wild species, the carpincho and the collared peccary, look very similar to each other and to those of the domestic pig; it is extremely difficult to differentiate them after they have been tanned. because there was no an ad ...201222535403
molecular insights into the regulation of iron metabolism during the prenatal and early postnatal periods.molecular iron metabolism and its regulation are least well understood in the fetal and early postnatal periods of mammalian ontogenic development. the scope of this review is to summarize recent progress in uncovering the molecular mechanisms of fetal iron homeostasis, introduce the molecules involved in iron transfer across the placenta, and briefly explain the role of iron transporters in the absorption of this microelement during early postnatal life. these issues are discussed and parallels ...201222581367
porcine teschovirus in wild boars in hungary.the genus teschovirus, family picornaviridae, currently includes 12 serotypes (ptv 1 to 12) isolated from swine. ptvs have been well studied in domestic pigs, but knowledge about ptvs in wild boars is deficient. here, we report the first complete ptv genome sequence from 7 (70 %) of 10 fecal samples of wild boar piglets (sus scrofa) by rt-pcr and pyrosequencing. analysis of the wild boar ptv strain wb2c-tv/2011/hun (jq429405) showed considerable difference, especially in vp1 (66-74 % amino acid ...201222569887
dead or alive: animal sampling during ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans.there are currently no widely accepted animal surveillance guidelines for human ebola hemorrhagic fever (ehf) outbreak investigations to identify potential sources of ebolavirus (ebov) spillover into humans and other animals. animal field surveillance during and following an outbreak has several purposes, from helping identify the specific animal source of a human case to guiding control activities by describing the spatial and temporal distribution of wild circulating ebov, informing public hea ...201222558004
lymphocyte modulation with fty720 improves hemorrhagic shock survival in swine.the inflammatory response to severe traumatic injury results in significant morbidity and mortality. lymphocytes have recently been identified as critical mediators of the early innate immune response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. experimental manipulation of lymphocytes following hemorrhagic shock may prevent secondary immunologic injury in surgical and trauma patients. the objective of this study is to evaluate the lymphocyte sequestration agent fty720 as an immunomodulator following experim ...201222558085
empyema in spinal canal in thoracic region, abscesses in paravertebral space, spondylitis: in clinical course of zoonosis erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.erysipelas is an animal disease caused by gram-positive bacteria erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. among the domestic animals, domestic pig (sus scrofa f. domestica) suffers most frequently from the disease in human environment. this is a typical animal-borne disease observed mainly in occupational groups employed in agriculture, farming (of animals and birds), fishing and manufacturing industry.201222526696
risk factors for contacts between wild boar and outdoor pigs in switzerland and investigations on potential brucella suis spill-over.due to the parallel increase of the number of free-ranging wild boar and domestic pigs reared outdoor, the risk that they interact has become higher. contacts with wild boar can be the origin of disease outbreaks in pigs, as it has been documented for brucellosis in some european countries. this study aimed at quantifying the occurrence of contacts between wild boar and outdoor domestic pigs in switzerland, and identifying risk factors for these contacts. furthermore, exposed pigs were tested fo ...201222817843
ribozyme-mediated gene knock down strategy to dissect the consequences of pdgf stimulation in vascular smooth muscle cells.vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs), due to their plasticity and ability to shift from a physiological contractile-quiescent phenotype to a pathological proliferating-activated status, play a central role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. pdgf-bb, among a series of cytokines and growth factors, has been identified as the critical factor in this phenotypic switch. in order to obtain new insights on the molecular effects triggered by pdgf-bb, a hammerhea ...201222676333
brain growth of the domestic pig (sus scrofa) from 2 to 24 weeks of age: a longitudinal mri study.an animal model with brain growth similar to humans, that can be used in mri studies to investigate brain development, would be valuable. our laboratory has developed and validated mri methods for regional brain volume quantification in the neonatal piglet. the aim of this study was to utilize the mri-based volume quantification technique in a longitudinal study to determine brain growth in domestic pigs from 2 to 24 weeks of age. mri data were acquired from pigs 2-24 weeks of age using a 3-dime ...201222777003
enhanced characterization of the smell of death by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gcxgc-tofms).soon after death, the decay process of mammalian soft tissues begins and leads to the release of cadaveric volatile compounds in the surrounding environment. the study of postmortem decomposition products is an emerging field of study in forensic science. however, a better knowledge of the smell of death and its volatile constituents may have many applications in forensic sciences. domestic pigs are the most widely used human body analogues in forensic experiments, mainly due to ethical restrict ...201222723918
the mammary gland-specific marsupial elp and eutherian cti share a common ancestral gene.the marsupial early lactation protein (elp) gene is expressed in the mammary gland and the protein is secreted into milk during early lactation (phase 2a). mature elp shares approximately 55.4% similarity with the colostrum-specific bovine colostrum trypsin inhibitor (cti) protein. although elp and cti both have a single bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti)-kunitz domain and are secreted only during the early lactation phases, their evolutionary history is yet to be investigated.201222681678
high-resolution autosomal radiation hybrid maps of the pig genome and their contribution to the genome sequence assembly.the release of the porcine genome sequence offers great perspectives for pig genetics and genomics, and more generally will contribute to the understanding of mammalian genome biology and evolution. the process of producing a complete genome sequence of high quality, while facilitated by high-throughput sequencing technologies, remains a difficult task. the porcine genome was sequenced using a combination of a hierarchical shotgun strategy and data generated with whole genome shotgun. in additio ...201223153393
strong signatures of selection in the domestic pig genome.domestication of wild boar (sus scrofa) and subsequent selection have resulted in dramatic phenotypic changes in domestic pigs for a number of traits, including behavior, body composition, reproduction, and coat color. here we have used whole-genome resequencing to reveal some of the loci that underlie phenotypic evolution in european domestic pigs. selective sweep analyses revealed strong signatures of selection at three loci harboring quantitative trait loci that explain a considerable part of ...201223151514
cathelicidins: family of antimicrobial peptides. a review.cathelicidins are small, cationic, antimicrobial peptides found in humans and other species, including farm animals (cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, rabbits and in some species of fish). these proteolytically activated peptides are part of the innate immune system of many vertebrates. these peptides show a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses and fungi. apart from exerting direct antimicrobial effects, cathelicidins can also trigger specific ...201223065264
lymphocyte depletion in experimental hemorrhagic shock in swine. 201223009382
detection and molecular characterization of porcine picobirnavirus in feces of domestic pigs from kolkata, india.picobirnaviruses (pbvs) are small, non-enveloped, 35-41 nm virion with bisegmented double-stranded rna genome. pbvs are widespread and were detected in feces of humans and a wide variety of animals. domestic pig, one of the ubiquitous farm animal reported incessant association with a variety of viral zoonoses. the objective of our study is to find out the incidence of pbv infection in healthy domestic pigs. the study was conducted by collecting feces of healthy/asymptomatic pigs from a piggery l ...201224293831
cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in domestic pigs (sus scrofa).we describe the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of cryptosporidium pig genotype ii and propose the species name cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. to reflect its prevalence in adult pigs worldwide. oocysts of c. scrofarum are morphologically indistinguishable from c. parvum, measuring 4.81-5.96 μm (mean=5.16)×4.23-5.29 μm (mean=4.83) with a length to width ratio of 1.07±0.06 (n=400). oocysts of c. scrofarum obtained from a naturally infected pig were infectious for 8-week- ...201223021264
theria-specific homeodomain and cis-regulatory element evolution of the dlx3-4 bigene cluster in 12 different mammalian species.the mammalian dlx3 and dlx4 genes are configured as a bigene cluster, and their respective expression patterns are controlled temporally and spatially by cis-elements that largely reside within the intergenic region of the cluster. previous work revealed that there are conspicuously conserved elements within the intergenic region of the dlx3-4 bigene clusters of mouse and human. in this paper we have extended these analyses to include 12 additional mammalian taxa (including a marsupial and a mon ...201222951979
microsatellite markers for identification and parentage analysis in the european wild boar (sus scrofa).the wild boar (sus scrofa) is among the most widespread mammal species throughout the old world. presently, studies concerning microsatellites in domestic pigs and wild boars have been carried out in order to investigate domestication, social behavior and general diversity patterns among either populations or breeds. the purpose of the current study is to develop a robust set of microsatellites markers for parentage analyses and individual identification.201222943565
altered expression of porcine piwi genes and pirna during development.three sus scrofa piwi genes (piwil1, piwil2 and piwil4) encoding proteins of 861, 985 and 853 aminoacids, respectively, were cloned and sequenced. alignment of the piwi proteins showed the high identity between sus scrofa and homo sapiens. relative transcript abundance of porcine piwil1, piwil2 and piwil4 genes in testes, ovaries and oocytes derived from sexually immature and mature animals was examined using real-time pcr. expression of the three piwi mrnas was proved to be tissue specific and ...201222952772
porcine kobuvirus in wild boars (sus scrofa).fecal samples (n = 10) from 6- to 8-week-old wild boar piglets (sus scrofa), collected from an animal park in hungary in april 2011, were analyzed using viral metagenomics and complete genome sequencing. kobuvirus (genus kobuvirus, family picornaviridae) was detected in all (100 %) specimens, with the closest nucleotide (89 %) and amino acid (94 %) sequence identity of the strain wild boar/wb1-hun/2011/hun (jx177612) to the prototype porcine kobuvirus s-1-hun (eu787450). this study suggests that ...201222926717
phylogenetic evidence that two distinct trichuris genotypes infect both humans and non-human primates.although there has been extensive debate about whether trichuris suis and trichuris trichiura are separate species, only one species of the whipworm t. trichiura has been considered to infect humans and non-human primates. in order to investigate potential cross infection of trichuris sp. between baboons and humans in the cape peninsula, south africa, we sequenced the its1-5.8s-its2 region of adult trichuris sp. worms isolated from five baboons from three different troops, namely the cape penins ...201222952922
nad(p)h cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase deficiency in leishmania major results in impaired linoleate synthesis followed by increased oxidative stress and cell death.nad(p)h cytochrome b(5) oxidoreductase (ncb5or), comprising cytochrome b(5) and cytochrome b(5) reductase domains, is widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms. although ncb5or plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism of mice, so far no ncb5or gene has been reported in the unicellular parasitic protozoa leishmania species. we have cloned, expressed, and characterized ncb5or gene from leishmania major. steady state catalysis and spectral studies show that nadh can quickly reduce the ferric state ...201222923617
characterization of porcine ventral mesencephalic precursor cells following long-term propagation in 3d culture.the potential use of predifferentiated neural precursor cells for treatment of a neurological disorder like parkinson's disease combines stem cell research with previous experimental and clinical transplantation of developing dopaminergic neurons. one current obstacle is, however, the lack of ability to generate dopaminergic neurons after long-term in vitro propagation of the cells. the domestic pig is considered a useful nonprimate large animal model in neuroscience, because of a better resembl ...201223258982
a gene expression atlas of the domestic pig.this work describes the first genome-wide analysis of the transcriptional landscape of the pig. a new porcine affymetrix expression array was designed in order to provide comprehensive coverage of the known pig transcriptome. the new array was used to generate a genome-wide expression atlas of pig tissues derived from 62 tissue/cell types. these data were subjected to network correlation analysis and clustering.201223153189
epidemiological significance of the domestic black pig (sus scrofa) in maintenance of bovine tuberculosis in sicily.bovine tuberculosis (btb) is an emerging disease among wild animals in many parts of the world. wildlife reservoir hosts may thus represent a potential source of infection for livestock and humans. we investigated the role played by the sicilian black pig, an autochthonous free- or semi-free-ranging domestic pig breed, as a potential source of btb infection in an area where btb prevalence in cattle is high. we initially performed a preliminary field study to assess the occurrence of btb in such ...201222322347
the validation of a functional, isolated pig bladder model for physiological experimentation.characterizing the integrative physiology of the bladder requires whole organ preparations. the purpose of this study was to validate an isolated large animal (pig) bladder preparation, through arterial and intravesical drug administration, intravesical pressure recording, and filming of surface micromotions. female pig bladders were obtained from the local abattoir and arterially perfused in vitro. arterial and intravesical pressures were recorded at varying volumes. bladder viability was asses ...201222479248
coronary versus carotid blood flow and coronary perfusion pressure in a pig model of prolonged cardiac arrest treated by different modes of venoarterial ecmo and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation.extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is increasingly used in cardiac arrest (ca). adequacy of carotid and coronary blood flows (cabf, cobf) and coronary perfusion pressure (copp) in ecmo treated ca is not well established. this study compares femoro-femoral (ff) to femoro-subclavian (fs) ecmo and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (iabp) contribution based on cabf, cobf, copp, myocardial and brain oxygenation in experimental ca managed by ecmo.201222424292
involvement of complexin 2 in docking, locking and unlocking of different snare complexes during sperm capacitation and induced acrosomal exocytosis.acrosomal exocytosis (ae) is an intracellular multipoint fusion reaction of the sperm plasma membrane (pm) with the outer acrosomal membrane (oam). this unique exocytotic event enables the penetration of the sperm through the zona pellucida of the oocyte. we previously observed a stable docking of oam to the pm brought about by the formation of the trans-snare complex (syntaxin 1b, snap 23 and vamp 3). by using electron microscopy, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques in combination ...201222412896
interaction of the conceptus and endometrium to establish pregnancy in mammals: role of interleukin 1β.implantation and the establishment of pregnancy in mammals involves an intricate interplay of hormones, cytokines, growth factors, proteins, lipids, ions and the extracellular matrix between the uterine epithelium, stroma, immune cells and the conceptus trophectoderm. the divergent nature of implantation in the mouse, human and pig provides not only an interesting contrast in the establishment of pregnancy and early embryonic development but also intriguing similarities with regard to early endo ...201222382391
honey-based mixtures used in home medicine by nonindigenous population of misiones, argentina.honey-based mixtures used in home medicine by nonindigenous population of misiones, argentina. medicinal mixtures are an underinvestigated issue in ethnomedical literature concerning misiones, one of the most bioculturally diverse province of argentina. the new culturally sensitive politics of the provincial health system is a response to cultural practices based on the medicinal use of plant and animal products in the home medicine of the local population. honey-based medicinal formulas were in ...201222315632
wild boar: an increasing concern for aujeszky's disease control in pigs?the goal of this study was describing the temporal evolution of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) contact prevalence among eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) populations under different management regimes and contact likelihoods with domestic pigs. given the recent increase in wild boar abundance throughout europe, we hypothesized that wild boar contact with adv would remain stable in time even after significant reduction of adv prevalence in domestic pigs.201222251441
preparative isolation and purification of three glycine-conjugated cholic acids from pulvis fellis suis by high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled with elsd detection.coupled with evaporative light scattering detection, a high-speed counter-current chromatography (hsccc) method was developed for preparative isolation and purification of three glycine-conjugated cholic acids, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (gcdca), glycohyodeoxycholic acid (ghdca) and glycohyocholic acid (ghca) from pulvis fellis suis (pig gallbladder bile) for the first time. the separation was performed with a two-phase solvent system consisted of chloroform-methanol-water-acetic acid (65:30:10: ...201223008527
characterization of a novel porcine enterovirus in wild boars in hungary.porcine enteroviruses (pevs) are members of the family picornaviridae, genus enterovirus. until now, only three different pev genotypes (pev-9 and -10, and pev-3h/pev-14) have been detected in domestic pigs, and there is no information about the presence of pevs in wild animals. here, we identify and characterize the complete genomes of pev originated from 5 of 10 (50%) of wild boar (sus scrofa) piglets by rt-pcr and pyrosequencing. wild boar/wbd/2011/hun (jn807387) pev showed only 67% amino aci ...201222350652
solexa sequencing identification of conserved and novel micrornas in backfat of large white and chinese meishan pigs.the domestic pig (sus scrofa), an important species in animal production industry, is a right model for studying adipogenesis and fat deposition. in order to expand the repertoire of porcine mirnas and further explore potential regulatory mirnas which have influence on adipogenesis, high-throughput solexa sequencing approach was adopted to identify mirnas in backfat of large white (lean type pig) and meishan pigs (chinese indigenous fatty pig). we identified 215 unique mirnas comprising 75 known ...201222355364
functional significance of the taper of vertebrate cone photoreceptors.vertebrate photoreceptors are commonly distinguished based on the shape of their outer segments: those of cones taper, whereas the ones from rods do not. the functional advantages of cone taper, a common occurrence in vertebrate retinas, remain elusive. in this study, we investigate this topic using theoretical analyses aimed at revealing structure-function relationships in photoreceptors. geometrical optics combined with spectrophotometric and morphological data are used to support the analyses ...201222250013
a comparative study of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis in experimentally infected pigs.mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (mah) are opportunistic pathogens that may infect several species, including humans and pigs. mah is however more frequently isolated from pigs than maa, and it is unclear if this is due to difference in virulence or in exposure to the two organisms. clinical isolates of each subspecies were administered perorally to ten domestic pigs, respectively. the animals were sacrificed at six and 12 weeks after inoculation. ...201222284630
identification of genome-wide copy number variations among diverse pig breeds by array cgh.recent studies have shown that copy number variation (cnv) in mammalian genomes contributes to phenotypic diversity, including health and disease status. in domestic pigs, cnv has been catalogued by several reports, but the extent of cnv and the phenotypic effects are far from clear. the goal of this study was to identify cnv regions (cnvrs) in pigs based on array comparative genome hybridization (acgh).201223265576
porcine induced pluripotent stem cells require lif and maintain their developmental potential in early stage of embryos.porcine induced pluripotent stem (pips) cell lines have been generated recently by using a cocktail of defined transcription factors, however, the features of authentic pips cells have not been agreed upon and most of published ips clones did not meet the stringent requirements of pluripotency. here, we report the generation of pips cells from fibroblasts using retrovirus carrying four mouse transcription factors (moct4, msox2, mklf4 and mc-myc, 4f). multiple lif-dependent pips cell lines were g ...201223251622
application of change-point analysis to determine winter sleep patterns of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) from body temperature recordings and a multi-faceted dietary and behavioral study of wintering.a multi-faceted approach was used to investigate the wintertime ecophysiology and behavioral patterns of the raccoon dog, nyctereutes procyonoides, a suitable model for winter sleep studies. by utilizing gps tracking, activity sensors, body temperature (tb) recordings, change-point analysis (cpa), home range, habitat and dietary analyses, as well as fatty acid signatures (fas), the impact of the species on wintertime food webs was assessed. the timing of passive bouts was determined with multipl ...201223237274
mitochondrial dna evidence indicates the local origin of domestic pigs in the upstream region of the yangtze river.previous studies have indicated two main domestic pig dispersal routes in east asia: one is from the mekong region, through the upstream region of the yangtze river (uryz) to the middle and upstream regions of the yellow river, the other is from the middle and downstream regions of the yangtze river to the downstream region of the yellow river, and then to northeast china. the uryz was regarded as a passageway of the former dispersal route; however, this assumption remains to be further investig ...201223272130
glycosylation facilitates transdermal transport of macromolecules.stratum corneum, the outermost layer of skin, allows transport of only low-molecular weight (<500) lipophilic solutes. here, we report a surprising finding that avicins (avs), a family of naturally occurring glycosylated triterpenes with a molecular weight > 2,000, exhibit skin permeabilities comparable to those of small hydrophobic molecules, such as estradiol. systematic fragmentation of the av molecule shows that deletion of the outer monoterpene results in a 62% reduction in permeability, su ...201223236155
identification of a novel host-specific igm protease in streptococcus suis.streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a highly invasive, extracellular pathogen in pigs with the capacity to cause severe infections in humans. this study was initiated by the finding that igm degradation products are released after opsonization of s. suis. the objective of this work was to identify the bacterial factor responsible for igm degradation. the results of this study showed that a member of the ides family, designated ide(ssuis) (immunoglobulin m-degrading enzyme of s. suis), is responsibl ...201223243300
[study on hepatocyte apoptosis of domestic pigs experimentally infected with taenia asiatica and taenia saginata].to investigate apoptosis in liver tissue of the domestic pigs infected with eggs of taenia asiatica and taenia saginata.201223484276
african swine fever in the russian federation: spatio-temporal analysis and epidemiological overview.african swine fever is viral disease of domestic and wild pigs which leads to almost total mortality and causes great economic losses due to absence of vaccine. having been introduced into the russian federation in 2007 the disease has spread widely in the southern region of the country and since 2011 has demonstrated a tendency to form a secondary endemic zone in the central part of the country. in the present study spatio-temporal patterns of asf diffusion in the populations of wild and domest ...201223274108
a survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome among wild boar populations in korea.no information is currently available on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection in wild boars (sus scrofa) in korea. in this study, the status of prrs in wild boars was investigated. blood samples were collected from 267 wild boars from eight provinces in korea. four of the samples tested (1.5%) were positive for prrsv antibodies and eight (3.0%) were positive for antigens. of the virus-positive samples, three and five samples were typed as containing european (eu, ...201223271179
african swine fever in the north caucasus region and the russian federation in years 2007-2012.since the introduction of the virus into the republic of georgia in 2007 african swine fever (asf) has become a large-scale epidemic involving the domestic pig population but wild boars are involved as well. from 2008 to 2009 the asf epidemic affected wild and domestic pigs in all the southern regions of the russian federation (rf). the driving force of the epidemic in its initial stages was direct contact between infected wild boars and between wild boars and traditionally free-ranging domestic ...201223266725
modulation of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression following infection of porcine macrophages with african swine fever virus.african swine fever virus (asfv) is the only member of the asfarviridae, a large dna virus family which replicates predominantly in the cytoplasm. most isolates cause a fatal haemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs, although some low virulence isolates cause little or no mortality. the modulation of chemokine responses following infection of porcine macrophages with low and high virulence isolates was studied to indicate how this may be involved in the induction of pathogenesis and of effective im ...201223265239
teschoviruses and sapeloviruses in faecal samples from wild boar in spain.teschovirus and sapelovirus are two genera of the picornaviridae family, comprising highly variable and heterogeneous enteric viruses, commonly found in faecal samples from domestic pigs. although both of them are also known to infect wild boar, studies on their presence in these wild suids are scarce. the present study aimed at determining the presence of porcine teschovirus (ptv) and sapelovirus (psv) in free-living wild boar populations, as well as to study their relationships with similar vi ...201223265238
cytochrome b based genetic differentiation of indian wild pig (sus scrofa cristatus) and domestic pig (sus scrofa domestica) and its use in wildlife forensics.the indian wild pig (sus scrofa cristatus) is a protected species and listed in the indian wildlife (protection) act, 1972. the wild pig is often hunted illegally and sold in market as meat warranting punishment under law. to avoid confusion in identification of these two subspecies during wildlife forensic examinations, we describe genetic differentiation of indian wild and domestic pigs using a molecular technique. analysis of sequence generated from the partial fragment (421bp) of mitochondri ...201223601732
classical swine fever in the pygmy hog.the pygmy hog is a rare, small and highly endangered mammal belonging to the suidae family, and it is presently found only in the assam state of india. while investigating the cause of death of pygmy hogs housed at a conservation centre for captive breeding and research at basistha, assam, it was confirmed that they were susceptible to and died as a result of contracting classical swine fever (csf), caused by csf virus (csfv), which is a highly infectious endemic disease of domestic pigs in indi ...201223520745
laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using a flexible co2 laser fiber.laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (lpn) is a challenging surgery that requires precise tissue cutting and meticulous hemostasis under warm ischemia conditions. in this study, we tested the feasibility of performing lpn using co2 laser energy transmitted through a specialized flexible mirror optical fiber.201223484569
cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of the pig (sus scrofa) c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein-5 gene.autosomal dominant early-onset long anterior zonules (lazs) and late-onset retinal degeneration (l-ord) in humans are associated with the s163r mutation of the complement 1q-tumor necrosis factor related protein-5 (ctrp5) gene. for using the pig as an l-ord model for the study of pathology, we cloned, characterized, and studied the expression profile of pig ctrp5 (pctrp5).201222275800
iodoacetic acid, but not sodium iodate, creates an inducible swine model of photoreceptor damage.our purpose was to find a method to create a large animal model of inducible photoreceptor damage. to this end, we tested in domestic swine the efficacy of two chemical toxins, known to create photoreceptor damage in other species: iodoacetic acid (iaa) and sodium iodate (naio(3)). intravenous (iv) administration of naio(3) up to 90 mg/kg had no effect on retinal function and 110 mg/kg was lethal. iv administration of iaa (5-20 mg/kg) produced concentration-dependent changes in visual function a ...201222251455
prevalence of antibodies to selected viral pathogens in wild boars (sus scrofa) in croatia in 2005-06 and 2009-10.we determined prevalence of antibody to selected viral pathogens important for domestic pigs and livestock in 556 wild boar (sus scrofa) sera collected during 2005-06 and 2009-10 in four counties in croatia. these counties account for an important part of the croatian commercial pig production and have a high density of wild boars. samples were tested for antibodies to porcine parvovirus (ppv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus, porcine respi ...201222247381
challenge of pigs with classical swine fever viruses after c-strain vaccination reveals remarkably rapid protection and insights into early immunity.pre-emptive culling is becoming increasingly questioned as a means of controlling animal diseases, including classical swine fever (csf). this has prompted discussions on the use of emergency vaccination to control future csf outbreaks in domestic pigs. despite a long history of safe use in endemic areas, there is a paucity of data on aspects important to emergency strategies, such as how rapidly csfv vaccines would protect against transmission, and if this protection is equivalent for all viral ...201222235283
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 infections in wild boar (sus scrofa) in southwestern germany.samples were collected from 203 wild boars (sus scrofa) hunted in baden-wurtemburg, germany from november-january 2008 and 2009. samples from the lung and tonsil were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) type 1 (european type) and type 2 (american type). a qpcr to detect porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-specific genome was performed on tissue homogenates including lung, tonsils, and inguinal lymph nodes. serum s ...201222247377
galectin-3 immunohistochemistry in the vomeronasal organ of the domestic pig, sus scrofa.the immunohistochemical localization of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding protein, was studied in the vomeronasal organ (vno) of fetal, 1-day-old, and 6-month-old pigs. in all age groups, the porcine vno consisted of vomeronasal sensory epithelium (vse) located medially and non-sensory vomeronasal respiratory epithelium (vre) located laterally. in the pig, the vno epithelium increased in height with postnatal development from fetus to adult. in the vse of all stages examined, galectin-3 immuno ...201222240017
magnetic resonance imaging of the neonatal piglet brain.introduction:appeal for the domestic pig as a preclinical model for neurodevelopmental research is increasing. one limitation, however, is lack of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) methods for brain volume quantification in the neonatal piglet. the purpose of this study was to develop and validate mri methods for estimating brain volume in piglets.results:the results showed that mri and manual segmentation reliably estimated the changes in volume of different brain regions in 2- and 5-wk-old pigl ...201222258129
viral metagenomics demonstrates that domestic pigs are a potential reservoir for ndumu virus.the rising demand for pork has resulted in a massive expansion of pig production in uganda. this has resulted in increased contact between humans and pigs. pigs can act as reservoirs for emerging infectious diseases. therefore identification of potential zoonotic pathogens is important for public health surveillance. in this study, during a routine general surveillance for african swine fever, domestic pigs from uganda were screened for the presence of rna and dna viruses using a high-throughput ...201223006778
reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of japanese encephalitis virus in swine and mosquitoes.japanese encephalitis (je) can infect many agriculturally important animals and humans, and has a high incidence in asia. one of the natural hosts of the mosquito-borne je virus (jev) is domestic pigs, which act as amplifier hosts. porcine infection results in fatal encephalitis, abortion, and stillbirth in pregnant sows, and hypospermia in boars. in this study, a rapid jev detection method for swine and mosquitoes was developed based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplificati ...201223176446
evaluation of a field-portable dna microarray platform and nucleic acid amplification strategies for the detection of arboviruses, arthropods, and bloodmeals.highly multiplexed assays, such as microarrays, can benefit arbovirus surveillance by allowing researchers to screen for hundreds of targets at once. we evaluated amplification strategies and the practicality of a portable dna microarray platform to analyze virus-infected mosquitoes. the prototype microarray design used here targeted the non-structural protein 5, ribosomal rna, and cytochrome b genes for the detection of flaviviruses, mosquitoes, and bloodmeals, respectively. we identified 13 of ...201223249687
analysis of clinical samples for early detection of classical swine fever during infection with low, moderate, and highly virulent strains in relation to the onset of clinical signs.classical swine fever (csf) is a transboundary viral disease affecting swine. the clinical course of disease and the best diagnostic samples for early detection were examined using low, moderate, and highly virulent strains of csfv inoculated into 8-12 week old domestic pigs. clinical signs were monitored and recorded. nasal swabs, tonsil scrapings, blood and tonsils were tested using virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, and real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rrt-pcr).severe clinical signs a ...201222036595
Spatial distribution of Trichinella britovi, T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis of domestic pigs and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Hungary.Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of raw meat and raw meat-derived products from swine, horse and some game animals infected with nematode worms of the genus Trichinella. Between June 2006 and February 2011, 16 million domestic pigs and 0.22 million wild boars (Sus scrofa) were tested for Trichinella sp. in Hungary. Trichinella infection was not found in any pigs slaughtered for public consumption. Nevertheless, Trichinella spiralis was detected in four backyard pig ...201221852037
molecular epidemiology of brucella abortus isolates from cattle, elk, and bison in the united states, 1998 to 2011.a variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) protocol targeting 10 loci in the brucella abortus genome was used to assess genetic diversity among 366 field isolates recovered from cattle, bison, and elk in the greater yellowstone area (gya) and texas during 1998 to 2011. minimum spanning tree (mst) and unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic mean (upgma) analyses of vntr data identified 237 different vntr types, among which 14 prominent clusters of isolates could be identified. cattle isolates fr ...201222427502
Accuracy of dynamic computed tomography adenosine stress myocardial perfusion imaging in estimating myocardial blood flow at various degrees of coronary artery stenosis using a porcine animal model.: To determine the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) dynamic stress myocardial perfusion imaging to estimate myocardial blood flow (MBF) in a porcine animal model with variable degrees of induced coronary artery stenosis in comparison with microsphere-derived MBF.201222178894
Seroprevalence of St-Valerien-like caliciviruses in Italian swine.St-Valérien-like viruses are newly recognized porcine caliciviruses recently detected in North America and Europe. In this study, baculovirus-expressed virus-like particles of the St-Valérien strain 25A/ITA were generated and used for the development of an antibody-detection ELISA kit to assess the seroprevalence of these novel caliciviruses in swine. Antibodies specific for St-Valérien-like virus were detected in 63 (10.3?%) of 614 serum samples tested with titres ranging from 1?:?50 (28.6?%) t ...201221940412
The design and recombinant protein expression of a consensus porcine interferon: CoPoIFN-a.CoPoIFN-a is a recombinant non-naturally occurring porcine interferon-a (IFN-a). It was designed by scanning 17 porcine IFN-a nonallelic subtypes and assigning the most frequently occurring amino acid in each position. We used a porcine IFN-a (PoIFN-a) derived from domestic pig as a control. Both porcine IFN-a genes were introduced into yeast expression vector PpICZa-A and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The antiviral unit of these two IFN-as were assayed in MDBK, PK-15 and MARC-145 cells against ...201222088600
molecular characterization of japanese encephalitis virus strains prevalent in chinese swine herds.japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in asia and domestic pigs serve as the amplifying hosts. in the present study, the full genomic sequences of two jev strains (hen0701 and sh0601) isolated from pigs in china were determined and compared with other 12 jev strains deposited in genbank. these two strains had an 88.8% nucleotide sequence similarity and 97.9% deduced amino acid sequence homology. hen0701 had high nucleotide sequence and high amino acid seque ...201323388434
flaviviruses in europe: complex circulation patterns and their consequences for the diagnosis and control of west nile disease.in europe, many flaviviruses are endemic (west nile, usutu, tick-borne encephalitis viruses) or occasionally imported (dengue, yellow fever viruses). due to the temporal and geographical co-circulation of flaviviruses in europe, flavivirus differentiation by diagnostic tests is crucial in the adaptation of surveillance and control efforts. serological diagnosis of flavivirus infections is complicated by the antigenic similarities among the flavivirus genus. indeed, most flavivirus antibodies are ...201324225644
clean technique for prolonged nonsurvival cardiothoracic surgery in swine (sus scrofa).laboratory animal regulations provide little guidance regarding duration of nonsurvival surgery requiring aseptic technique. we hypothesized that swine would experience no sepsis during nonsurvival cardiothoracic surgery accomplished by using clean technique and lasting 8 h or less. incision sites of 5 male farm pigs (sus scrofa) were shaved and then cleaned with alcohol and povidone-iodine. the surgeon wore sterile gloves, clean scrubs, and hair bonnet; assistants wore clean scrubs and nonsteri ...201323562035
a high throughput genotyping approach reveals distinctive autosomal genetic signatures for european and near eastern wild boar.the lack of a near eastern genetic signature in modern european porcine breeds indicates that, although domestic pigs from the fertile crescent entered europe during the neolithic, they were completely replaced by their european counterparts in a short window of time. whilst the absence of such genetic signature has been convincingly demonstrated at the mitochondrial level, variation at the autosomal genomes of european and near eastern sus scrofa has not been compared yet. herewith, we have exp ...201323460788
species-specific vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (vmat2) expression in mammalian pancreatic beta cells: implications for optimising radioligand-based human beta cell mass (bcm) imaging in animal models.imaging of beta cell mass (bcm) is a major challenge in diabetes research. the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (vmat2) is abundantly expressed in human beta cells. radiolabelled analogues of tetrabenazine (tbz; a low-molecular-weight, cell-permeant vmat2-selective ligand) have been employed for pancreatic islet imaging in humans. since reports on tbz-based vmat2 imaging in rodent pancreas have been fraught with confusion, we compared vmat2 gene expression patterns in the mouse, rat, pig and hu ...201323404442
size-related changes in foot impact mechanics in hoofed mammals.foot-ground impact is mechanically challenging for all animals, but how do large animals mitigate increased mass during foot impact? we hypothesized that impact force amplitude scales according to isometry in animals of increasing size through allometric scaling of related impact parameters. to test this, we measured limb kinetics and kinematics in 11 species of hoofed mammals ranging from 18-3157 kg body mass. we found impact force amplitude to be maintained proportional to size in hoofed mamma ...201323382967
research resource: the endometrium database resource (edr).in order to understand the biology of the endometrium and potentially develop new diagnostic tools and treatments for endometrial diseases, the highly orchestrated gene expression/regulation that occurs within the uterus must first be understood. even though a wealth of information on endometrial gene expression/regulation is available, this information is scattered across several different resources in formats that can be difficult for the average bench scientist to query, integrate, and utiliz ...201323340253
characterization of nuclear localization signal in the n terminus of integrin-linked kinase-associated phosphatase (ilkap) and its essential role in the down-regulation of rsk2 protein signaling.integrin-linked kinase-associated phosphatase (ilkap) is a serine/threonine (s/t) phosphatase that belongs to the protein phosphatase 2c (pp2c) family. many previous studies have demonstrated that ilkap plays key roles in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. researchers have thus far considered ilkap a cytoplasmic protein that negatively regulates integrin signaling by interacting with and phosphorylating integrin-linked kinase 1 (ilk1). in this study, we found that both endogenous and ...201323329845
regions of xy homology in the pig x chromosome and the boundary of the pseudoautosomal region.sex chromosomes are subject to evolutionary pressures distinct from the remainder of the genome, shaping their structure and sequence content. we are interested in the sex chromosomes of domestic pigs (sus scrofa), how their structure and gene content compares and contrasts with other mammalian species, and the role of sex-linked genes in fertility. this requires an understanding of the xy-homologous sequence on these chromosomes.to this end, we performed microarray-based comparative genomic hyb ...201323320497
interdisciplinary collaborative team for blastocyst implantation research: inception and perspectives. 201324286196
filarial infections in semi-wild cattle of northeast india: first record of setaria digitata (von linstow 1906) in bos frontalis (lambert 1804).the occurrence of adult setaria digitata, a filarial nematode of bovine host is reported for the first time from mithun (bos frontalis) of arunachal pradesh, india. during december 2011 to march 2012, a thorough survey was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and intensity of helminth infections among semi-wild cattle in northeast india. during the course of investigation, the relatively uncommon species of setaria was encountered among two out of eleven mithun examined. through light and scanni ...201326688636
transcriptome profiling identifies differentially expressed genes in postnatal developing pituitary gland of miniature pig.in recent years, tibetan pig and bama pig are popularly used as animal models for medical researches. however, little genomic information is available for the two breeds, particularly regarding gene expression pattern at the whole-transcriptome level. in this study, we characterized the pituitary transcriptome profile along their postnatal developmental stages within and between the two breeds in order to illustrate the differential dynamics and functions of differentially expressed genes. we ob ...201324282060
an overview of the host spectrum and distribution of calodium hepaticum (syn. capillaria hepatica): part 2-mammalia (excluding muroidea).calodium hepaticum (syn. capillaria hepatica) is a globally distributed zoonotic nematode with low host specificity and a high affinity to the liver. although murid rodents are the main definite hosts, various other mammals can be affected with hepatic capillariasis: non-murid rodents, insectivora, chiroptera, lagomorpha, artiodactyla, perissodactyla, hyracoidea, marsupialia, carnivora, and primates. overall, more than 180 mammalian species (including humans) are known as suitable hosts of this ...201324257974
an integrated pipeline for next generation sequencing and annotation of the complete mitochondrial genome of the giant intestinal fluke, fasciolopsis buski (lankester, 1857) looss, 1899.helminths include both parasitic nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminths (trematode and cestode flatworms) that are abundant, and are of clinical importance. the genetic characterization of parasitic flatworms using advanced molecular tools is central to the diagnosis and control of infections. although the nuclear genome houses suitable genetic markers (e.g., in ribosomal (r) dna) for species identification and molecular characterization, the mitochondrial (mt) genome consistently provides a ...201324255820
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