Publications

comparative phylogenetic studies on schistosoma japonicum and its snail intermediate host oncomelania hupensis: origins, dispersal and coevolution.	schistosoma japonicum causes major public health problems in china and the philippines; this parasite, which is transmitted by freshwater snails of the species oncomelania hupensis, causes the disease intestinal schistosomiasis in humans and cattle. researchers working on schistosoma in africa have described the relationship between the parasites and their snail intermediate hosts as coevolved or even as an evolutionary arms race. in the present study this hypothesis of coevolution is evaluated ...	2015	26230619
circulating mirnas: potential novel biomarkers for hepatopathology progression and diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica in two murine models.	schistosomiasis remains a major public health issue, with an estimated 230 million people infected worldwide. novel tools for early diagnosis and surveillance of schistosomiasis are currently needed. elevated levels of circulating micrornas (mirnas) are commonly associated with the initiation and progression of human disease pathology. hence, serum mirnas are emerging as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of a variety of human diseases. this study investigated circulating host mirnas commonl ...	2015	26230095
tissue transglutaminase-regulated transformed growth factor-β1 in the parasite links schistosoma japonicum infection with liver fibrosis.	transforming growth factor (tgf-β1) is among the strongest factors of liver fibrogenesis, but its association with schistosoma-caused liver fibrosis is controversial. tissue transglutaminase (ttg) is the principal enzyme controlling tgf-β1 maturation and contributes to sj-infected liver fibrosis. here we aim to explore the consistency between ttg and tgf-β1 and tgf-β1 source and its correlation with liver fibrosis after sj-infection. tgf-β1 was upregulated at weeks 6 and 8 upon liver fibrosis in ...	2015	26199461
adenovirus-mediated over-expression of septin4 ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in mouse livers infected with schistosoma japonicum.	septin4 (sept4) belongs to septin family and may be involved in apoptosis, vesicle trafficking and other cell processes. in this study, we attempted to investigate the effect of sept4 in hepatic fibrosis induced by schistosoma japonicum. icr mice infected with s. japonicum for 12weeks were treated with pbs, ad-ctr and ad-sept4, respectively. all mice were killed at 2weeks after injection, and the changes in the fibrotic livers were detected via h&e staining, sirius red staining, qrt-pcr, western ...	2015	26190030
the formation of egg granulomas in the spleens of mice with late schistosoma japonicum infection alters splenic morphology.	splenomegaly is a characteristic symptom of schistosome infection. unlike the well known hepatic pathology of schistosomiasis, splenomegaly has received little scientific research and is generally considered to be a non-specific congestion caused by increased blood pressure within the venous sinuses. moreover, to date, few studies have reported the deposition of schistosome eggs in the spleen. in a previous study, however, we observed that prolonged s. japonicum infections destroyed the structur ...	2015	26178192
advanced schistosomiasis reappeared after curing seemingly being cured for over 20 years and without known history of reexposure to schistosoma japonicum.	schistosomiasis is an intravascular disease caused by parasitic trematode worms of the genus schistosoma. it is estimated that more than 200 million people are infected in the world, and 800 million are at risk of infection. the main lesions are due to eggs trapping in tissue which can lead a series of pathogenic effect relative to immune response. therefore, killing and eradicating eggs in tissue is often the target to treat schistosomiasis. here, we report 75 patients who being cured for over ...	2015	26174487
evidence that rhesus macaques self-cure from a schistosoma japonicum infection by disrupting worm esophageal function: a new route to an effective vaccine?	rhesus macaques are unusual among schistosome hosts, self-curing from an established infection and thereafter manifesting solid immunity against a challenge, an ideal model for vaccine development. previously, the immunological basis of self-cure was confirmed; surviving worms had ceased feeding but how immunological pressure achieved this was unclear. the schistosome esophagus is not simply a conduit for blood but plays a central role in its processing. secretions from the anterior and posterio ...	2015	26161644
[impact of implementation of three gorges project on schistosomiasis endemic situation and control in nanjing city].	to understand the changes of hydrological regime in the yangtze river and schistosomiasis endemic situation in nanjing city after the implementation of three gorges project.	2015	27097474
[the effect of lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse b cell activation on schistosoma japonicum development].	to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced b cell activation on the development of schistosoma japonicum.	2015	26931036
[preservation of live eggs of schistosoma japonicum].	to observe the preservation time and activity of miracidium hatching from schistosome eggs preserved in different solutions, so as to obtain the optimal preservation conditions and then provide quality control products for field application.	2015	26930942
abnormal liver function in different patients with schistosoma japonicum.	schistosomiasis japonica, caused by schistosoma japonicum, is still a serious public health problem in china. it is important for schistosomiasis control to prevent from infection and advanced patients. recent years, however, the form of the prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica in china was changed these days. paying attention to the quality of life of these patients already infected with s. japonicum becomes a new objective to schistosomiasis control program. although most of the chronic infe ...	2015	25287714
schistosoma japonicum in samar, the philippines: infection in dogs and rats as a possible risk factor for human infection.	the role that animals play in the transmission of schistosoma japonicum to humans in the philippines remains uncertain and prior studies have not included several species, adjustment for misclassification error and clustering, or used a cohort design. a cohort study of 2468 people providing stool samples at 12 months following praziquantel treatment in 50 villages of western samar, the philippines, was conducted. stool samples from dogs, cats, rats, and water buffaloes were collected at baseline ...	2015	25274409
evaluation of banked urine samples for the detection of circulating anodic and cathodic antigens in schistosoma mekongi and s. japonicum infections: a proof-of-concept study.	in asia, schistosoma japonicum is the predominant schistosome species, while schistosoma mekongi is confined to limited foci in cambodia and lao people's democratic republic. while the people's republic of china has been successful in controlling schistosomiasis, the disease remains a major public health issue in other areas. in order to prioritise intervention areas, not only accurate diagnosis is important but also other factors, such as practicality, time-efficiency and cost-effectiveness, si ...	2015	25225158
the affinity of magnetic microspheres for schistosoma eggs.	schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease of humans, with two species primarily causing the intestinal infection: schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma japonicum. traditionally, diagnosis of schistosomiasis is achieved through direct visualisation of eggs in faeces using techniques that lack the sensitivity required to detect all infections, especially in areas of low endemicity. a recently developed method termed helmintex™ is a very sensitive technique for detection of schistosoma eggs and ...	2015	25305086
atp synthase: an identified target gene of bantam in paired female schistosoma japonicum.	micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small non-coding rnas that function in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. an increasing number of schistosome mirnas have been identified and are expected possibly involved in differentiation, development, and metabolism. however, limited information is available concerning the target genes of schistosome mirnas. in the present study, the key target genes of bantam, an abundant mirna found in paired female schistosoma japonic ...	2015	25407126
the molecular characterization and rnai silencing of sjzfp1 in schistosoma japonicum.	during development, schistosoma japonicum undergoes many morphological and physiological transformations as a result of profound changes in gene expression. proteins containing zinc finger motifs usually play an important role in dna recognition, rna packaging, and transcriptional activation. in our current study, we cloned the open reading frame (orf) of sjzfp1 of s. japonicum, which encodes a zinc finger protein. we analyzed the complementary dna (cdna) sequence of sjzfp1 and examined the expr ...	2015	25512211
sjca8, a calcium-binding protein from schistosoma japonicum, inhibits cell migration and suppresses nitric oxide release of raw264.7 macrophages.	schistosomiasis is considered second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease in tropical countries. schistosome cercariae invade the host by penetrating the skin and migrate though the lungs and portal circulation to their final destination in the hepatic portal system and eventually the mesenteric veins. previous studies have shown that the cytotoxic pathways that target schistosomulum in the lung-stage involve nitric oxide (no) produced by macrophages. by contrast, skin-stage ...	2015	26445908
[molecular characteristics and rna interference efficiency of schistosoma japonicum sj79 gene].	to study the structural features and characteristics of a novel gene schistosoma japonicum 79 (sj79), and observe its effect of rna interference (rnai) , so as to provide the experimental basis for its further function study and mechanism study of anti reproductive development of schistosome.	2015	26510359
[integration and demonstration of key techniques in surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis in jiangsu province i layout and effect of the demonstration sites for schistosomiasis surveillance and forecast].	to explore and integrate the key techniques used in the surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis in the water regions along the yangtze river, so as to provide technical support for identifying rapidly the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and implementing control measures targeting the risk.	2015	26510350
synthesis, bioactivity evaluation, and toxicity assessment of novel salicylanilide ester derivatives as cercaricides against schistosoma japonicum and molluscicides against oncomelania hupensis.	a series of novel salicylanilide ester derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for cercaricidal potential against schistosoma japonicum and molluscicidal potential against oncomelania hupensis. four derivatives exhibited remarkable cercaricidal activity superior to that of niclosamide. among them, the most active compound, 4-chloro-2-((2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl)phenyl 4-methoxybenzoate (compound 4c), showed a marked minimum effective cercaricidal concentration as low a ...	2015	26503661
molecular cloning and characterization of a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene from a blood fluke schistosoma japonicum.	phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phgpx) is a major antioxidant enzyme and plays critical roles in the protection of cells against oxidative stress by catalysing reduction of lipid hydroperoxides. a full-length cdna sequence corresponding to gpx gene from schistosoma japonicum (designated sjgpx) was isolated and characterized. sjgpx contained an in-frame tga codon for selenocysteine (sec) and a concurrent sec insertion sequence in its 3'-untranslated region. protein encoded by s ...	2015	26484892
effect of photoperiod change on chronobiology of cercarial emergence of schistosoma japonicum derived from hilly and marshy regions of china.	the chronobiology of cercarial emergence appeared to be a genetically controlled behavior, adapted to definitive host species, for schistosome. however, a few physiological and ecological factors, for example the change of photoperiod, were reported to affect the rhythmic emergence of cercariae. therefore, the effect of photoperiod change on cercarial emergence of two schistosoma japonicum isolates, the hilly and the marshland, was investigated. four shedding experiments each under a different p ...	2015	26484419
local antiglycan antibody responses to skin stage and migratory schistosomula of schistosoma japonicum.	schistosomiasis is a tropical disease affecting over 230 million people worldwide. although effective drug treatment is available, reinfections are common, and development of immunity is slow. most antibodies raised during schistosome infection are directed against glycans, some of which are thought to be protective. developing schistosomula are considered most vulnerable to immune attack, and better understanding of local antibody responses raised against glycans expressed by this life stage mi ...	2015	26459512
de novo transcriptome analysis of oncomelania hupensis after molluscicide treatment by next-generation sequencing: implications for biology and future snail interventions.	the freshwater snail oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum, which causes schistosomiasis. this disease is endemic in the far east, especially in mainland china. because niclosamide is the only molluscicide recommended by the world health organization, 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (wpn), the only chemical molluscicide available in china, has been widely used as the main snail control method for over two decades. recently, a novel mollu ...	2015	25775015
perforation of small bowel caused by schistosoma japonicum: a case report.	a 67-year-old man from jingzhou was admitted to the first hospital affiliated to yangtze university in july 2013 with sudden onset of abdominal pain with dizziness for 12 h. the patient had sign of peritoneal irritation. ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis showed hepatic fibrosis due to schistosomiasis. computed tomography showed free gas in the peritoneal cavity. plain abdominal radiography showed bilateral subdiaphragmatic accumulation of gas, perforation of the viscus, and radio-opacity ...	2015	25759563
screening diagnostic candidates for schistosomiasis from tegument proteins of adult schistosoma japonicum using an immunoproteomic approach.	schistosomiasis is one of the world's most prevalent zoonotic diseases and a serious worldwide public health problem. since the tegument (tg) of schistosoma japonicum is in direct contact with the host and induces a host immune response against infection, the identification of immune response target molecules in the schistosome tg is crucial for screening diagnostic antigens for this disease.	2015	25706299
schistosomiasis in a migrating population in the lake region of china and its potential impact on control operation.	coverage of migrating people in schistosomiasis control program is a growing concern in china. schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma japonicum is still one of the major infectious diseases of public health importance in china though tremendous efforts have been made to control the transmission over the past decades. along with the rapid social-economic development, migrant population has been remarkably increasing across the country. the infected migrants may introduce a new souse of infection t ...	2015	25700711
vector-mediated microrna-21 silencing ameliorates granulomatous liver fibrosis in schistosoma japonicum infection.		2015	25684616
transdermal praziquantel administration attenuates hepatic granulomatosis in mice infected with schistosoma japonicum.	liver granuloma is a major pathogenic factor responsible for schistosomiasis, and no effective drugs or therapy methods to treat it have been found so far. praziquantel (pzq) has shown some anti-schistosomal effect, but little information is available about the effect of pzq-prolonged administration on granuloma formation around schistosome eggs. herein, we investigated the effect of pzq on hepatic granuloma formation by treating the mice infected with schistosoma japonicum using a long-term pzq ...	2015	25630695
real-time pcr demonstrates high prevalence of schistosoma japonicum in the philippines: implications for surveillance and control.	the philippines has a population of approximately 103 million people, of which 6.7 million live in schistosomiasis-endemic areas with 1.8 million people being at risk of infection with schistosoma japonicum. although the country-wide prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica in the philippines is relatively low, the prevalence of schistosomiasis can be high, approaching 65% in some endemic areas. of the currently available microscopy-based diagnostic techniques for detecting schistosome infections ...	2015	25606851
an association of aquaporin-4 with the immunoregulation of liver pathology in mice infected with schistosoma japonicum.	schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease that affects approximately 200 million people. in schistosomiasis japonica and mansoni, parasite eggs were trapped in host liver and stimulated the cd4(+)t cell responses to regulate the formation of the granulomas. subsequently, excessive granulomatous response in some heavily, and/or repeatedly infected individuals could result in chronic liver fibrosis and circulatory impairment. thus, elucidation of the mechanisms of these responses will not onl ...	2015	25604731
immunogenicity and anti-fecundity effect of nanoparticle coated glutathione s-transferase (sjgst) dna vaccine against murine schistosoma japonicum infection.	there is still urgent need for a vaccine against schistosomiasis, especially in schistosoma japonicum endemic areas where even a vaccine that will interrupt zoonotic transmission will be potentially effective as an intervention tool. we had developed a novel nanoparticle gene delivery system, which has proven efficacious in gene transfection to target immune cells with complementary adjuvant effect and high protective efficacy in several diseases. here, we applied this nanoparticle system in com ...	2015	25603531
development and optimization of cocktail-elisa for a unified surveillance of zoonotic schistosomiasis in multiple host species.	the zoonotic characteristic of the human parasite schistosoma japonicum infecting a significant number of wild and domestic animals highlights the need to develop a unified surveillance in multiple host species for a strengthened schistosomiasis control. it has been shown in several studies that water buffaloes and dogs are considered important reservoirs in the transmission of the schistosome parasite to humans. recombinant antigens like thioredoxin peroxidase-1 (sjtpx-1) and tandem repeat prot ...	2015	25595656
elimination of schistosomiasis japonica from formerly endemic areas in mountainous regions of southern china using a praziquantel regimen.	schistosomiasis japonica is a major public health problem in china. domestic animals play a major role in the transmission of schistosoma japonicum to humans. to better understand the epidemiology of schistosomiasis japonica in domestic animals in the mountainous areas of china, we performed a 5-year longitudinal study of schistosomiasis in cattle and horses in yunnan province from 2009 to 2013. we also performed a concurrent drug-based intervention study in three settlement groups in yunnan pro ...	2015	25591407
associations between schistosomiasis and the use of human waste as an agricultural fertilizer in china.	human waste is used as an agricultural fertilizer in china and elsewhere. because the eggs of many helminth species can survive in environmental media, reuse of untreated or partially treated human waste, commonly called night soil, may promote transmission of human helminthiases.	2015	25590142
expression of septin4 in schistosoma japonicum-infected mouse livers after praziquantel treatment.	septin4 (sept4) exists widely in human tissues and is related to mechanical stability, actin dynamics, membrane trafficking, viral replication and apoptosis. data from many studies have suggested that sept4 plays a significant role in liver fibrosis. sept4 is down-regulated in the model of ccl4 and bdl treated liver fibrosis. however, it is up-regulated and peaked at 12 weeks post-infection (p.i.), and then decreased subsequently in schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) egg-induced liver fibrosis ...	2015	25582427
schistosomiasis japonica: modelling as a tool to explore transmission patterns.	modelling is an important tool for the exploration of schistosoma japonicum transmission patterns. it provides a general theoretical framework for decision-makers and lends itself specifically to assessing the progress of the national control programme by following the outcome of surveys. the challenge of keeping up with the many changes of social, ecological and environmental factors involved in control activities is greatly facilitated by modelling that can also indicate which activities are c ...	2015	25004441
resistance to niclosamide in oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum: should we be worried?	as the currently only available molluscicide, niclosamide has been widely used for snail control for over 2 decades in china. there is therefore a concern about the emergence of niclosamide-resistant snail populations following repeated, extensive use of the chemical. the purpose of this study was to investigate the likelihood of niclosamide resistance in oncomelania hupensis in china. active adult o. hupensis snails derived from 20 counties of 10 schistosomiasis-endemic provinces of china, of 1 ...	2015	25003984
an ultra-sensitive assay targeting the circulating anodic antigen for the diagnosis of schistosoma japonicum in a low-endemic area, people's republic of china.	the downward trend in prevalence and intensity of schistosoma japonicum infection in the people's republic of china (p.r. china) has reached a level where accurate methods are required for monitoring the national schistosomiasis control programme and to verify whether transmission has been interrupted. we have assessed the prevalence of active s. japonicum infection by use of an up-converting phosphor lateral-flow (ucp-lf) assay for determination of circulating anodic antigens (caa) in urine and ...	2015	25128703
detection of active schistosome infection by cell-free circulating dna of schistosoma japonicum in highly endemic areas in sorsogon province, the philippines.	the current status of schistosomiasis in highly endemic areas is difficult to determine by ovum detection because of the superficially low parasite load after mass drug administration, whereas the parasite transmission rates are still high. cell-free parasite dna is fragments of parasite-derived dna existing in the host's body fluids. we conducted population-based studies to test the presence of cell-free schistosome dna in endemic areas of sorsogon province, the philippines. schistosome dna in ...	2015	24836919
expression of heat shock protein 47, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and connective tissue growth factor in liver tissue of patients with schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis.	summary to detect the expression of pro-fibrotic molecules, such as heat shock protein 47 (hsp47), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (tgf-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) in liver specimens, and analyse their correlations with the progression of schistosomal hepatic fibrosis, liver biopsy was performed in 42 chronic schistosomiasis (cs) patients, 16 chronic hepatitis b (chb) patients and five healthy individuals (hi). immunohistochemistry (ihc) analyses displayed that the expressio ...	2015	25111595
vaccines and diagnostics for zoonotic schistosomiasis japonica.	schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent, insidious and serious of the tropical parasitic diseases. although the effective anthelmintic drug, praziquantel, is widely available and cheap, it does not protect against re-infection, drug-resistant schistosome may evolve and mass drug administration programmes based around praziquantel are probably unsustainable long term. whereas protective anti-schistosome vaccines are not yet available, the zoonotic nature of schistosoma japonicum provides a n ...	2015	25359506
fluorometric titration assay of affinity of tight-binding nonfluorescent inhibitor of glutathione s-transferase.	to determine inhibition constant (k(i)) of tight-binding inhibitor, the putative method estimated an apparent k(i) from the response of initial rates to total concentrations of the inhibitor considering its depletion during binding for conversion into the true k(i), but was impractical with glutathione s-transferase of sophisticated kinetics. a fluorometric titration assay of dissociation constant (k(d)) was thus proposed. schistosoma japonicum glutathione s-transferase (sjgst) action on a nonfl ...	2015	25349115
eco-social determinants of schistosoma japonicum infection supported by multi-level modelling in eryuan county, people's republic of china.	schistosomiasis remains of considerable public health concern in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including the people's republic of china (p.r. china). the effectiveness of schistosomiasis control interventions are, among other factors, governed by the social-ecological context. however, eco-social determinants of schistosomiasis are poorly understood, particularly at the household or village levels. in the current study, residents in 26 villages of eryuan county, yunnan prov ...	2015	24751418
a new surveillance and response tool: risk map of infected oncomelania hupensis detected by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) from pooled samples.	although schistosomiasis remains a serious health problem worldwide, significant achievements in schistosomiasis control has been made in the people's republic of china. the disease has been eliminated in five out of 12 endemic provinces, and the prevalence in remaining endemic areas is very low and is heading toward elimination. a rapid and sensitive method for monitoring the distribution of infected oncomelania hupensis is urgently required. we applied a loop-mediated isothermal amplification ...	2015	24495631
why the radiation-attenuated cercarial immunization studies failed to guide the road for an effective schistosomiasis vaccine: a review.	schistosomiasis is a debilitating parasitic disease caused by platyhelminthes of the genus schistosoma, notably schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma haematobium, and schistosoma japonicum. pioneer researchers used radiation-attenuated (ra) schistosome larvae to immunize laboratory rodent and non-human primate hosts. significant and reproducible reduction in challenge worm burden varying from 30% to 90% was achieved, providing a sound proof that vaccination against this infection is feasible. extensi ...	2015	26257924
rapid detection and identification of four major schistosoma species by high-resolution melt (hrm) analysis.	schistosomiasis, caused by blood flukes belonging to several species of the genus schistosoma, is a serious and widespread parasitic disease. accurate and rapid differentiation of these etiological agents of animal and human schistosomiasis to species level can be difficult. we report a real-time pcr assay coupled with a high-resolution melt (hrm) assay targeting a portion of the nuclear 18s rdna to detect, identify, and distinguish between four major blood fluke species (schistosoma japonicum, ...	2015	26253799
meta-analysis of the diagnostic efficiency of the questionnaires screening for schistosomiasis.	schistosomiasis is the second widespread tropical disease that affects the health of over 240 million people of 78 countries. questionnaires have been commonly used to diagnose schistosomiasis, while no meta-analysis of their efficacy had been reported previously. this meta-analysis was conducted to assess their diagnostic accuracy of schistosomiasis. studies published prior to december 1, 2014, that had used questionnaires as a diagnostic tool were searched in pubmed, medline, embase, and china ...	2015	26122990
identification and characterization of endogenous viral elements for the three key schistosomes of humans.	endogenous viral elements (eves) are widely distributed throughout eukaryotic genomes, and their evolution and potential function have attracted a lot of interest. draft genome sequences for schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum and schistosoma haematobium are now available; however, information about eves in blood flukes of the genus schistosoma is scanty. here, genome-wide survey into the putative eve sequences of the three key schistosome genomes were present. totally 4, 117 gene sequenc ...	2015	25631516
research and control of advanced schistosomiasis japonica in china.	among the three main schistosomes (schistosoma japonicum, schistosoma mansoni, and schistosoma haematobium) known to infect humans, s. japonicum causes the most serious pathological lesions. in china, only schistosomiasis japonica is transmitted. from the 1950s, massive epidemiological investigations and active control measures for schistosomiasis japonica have been carried out. at the early stage of schistosomiasis control program, there were about 12 million schistosomiasis patients, and about ...	2015	25403379
expression, characterization and crystal structure of thioredoxin from schistosoma japonicum.	schistosoma japonicum, a human blood fluke, causes a parasitic disease affecting millions of people in asia. thioredoxin-glutathione system of s. japonicum plays a critical role in maintaining the redox balance in parasite, which is a potential target for development of novel antischistosomal agents. here we cloned the gene of s. japonicum thioredoxin (sjtrx), expressed and purified the recombinant sjtrx in escherichia coli. functional assay shows that sjtrx catalyses the dithiothreitol (dtt) re ...	2015	25810021
high prevalence of schistosoma japonicum and fasciola gigantica in bovines from northern samar, the philippines.	the cause of zoonotic schistosomiasis in the philippines is schistosoma japonicum, which infects up to 46 mammalian hosts, including humans and bovines. in china, water buffaloes have been identified as major reservoir hosts for schistosomiasis japonica, contributing up to 75% of human transmission. in the philippines, water buffaloes (carabao; bubalus bubalis carabanesis) have, historically, been considered unimportant reservoirs. we therefore revisited the possible role of bovines in schistoso ...	2015	25643317
protective immunity against schistosoma japonicum infection can be provided by igg antibodies towards periodate-sensitive or periodate-resistant glycans.	it has been well accepted that glycans present in schistosomes are highly antigenic. however, it is not clear what kind of worm glycans can affect the infected host to mount igg responses and whether mounted anti-glycan igg responses are protective.	2015	25907161
a novel schistosoma japonicum endonuclease homologous to dnase ii.	recent advances in studies of the schistosoma japonicum genome have opened new avenues for the elucidation of parasite biology and the identification of novel targets for vaccines, drug development and early diagnostic tools.	2015	25766859
the differential expression of immune genes between water buffalo and yellow cattle determines species-specific susceptibility to schistosoma japonicum infection.	water buffalo are less susceptible to schistosoma japonicum infection than yellow cattle. the factors that affect such differences in susceptibility remain unknown. a bos taurus genome-wide gene chip was used to analyze gene expression profiles in the peripheral blood of water buffalo and yellow cattle pre- and post-infection with s. japonicum. this study showed that most of the identified differentially expressed genes (degs) between water buffalo and yellow cattle pre- and post-infection were ...	2015	26125181
generation of a novel bacteriophage library displaying scfv antibody fragments from the natural buffalo host to identify antigens from adult schistosoma japonicum for diagnostic development.	the development of effective diagnostic tools will be essential in the continuing fight to reduce schistosome infection; however, the diagnostic tests available to date are generally laborious and difficult to implement in current parasite control strategies. we generated a series of single-chain antibody fv domain (scfv) phage display libraries from the portal lymph node of field exposed water buffaloes, bubalus bubalis, 11-12 days post challenge with schistosoma japonicum cercariae. the select ...	2015	26684756
characterization of vamp2 in schistosoma japonicum and the evaluation of protective efficacy induced by recombinant sjvamp2 in mice.	the outer-tegument membrane covering the schistosome is believed to maintain via the fusion of membranous vesicles. fusion of biological membranes is a fundamental process in all eukaryotic cells driven by formation of trans-snare (soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complexes through pairing of vesicle associated v-snares (vamp) with complementary t-snares on target membranes. the purpose of this study was to characterize schistosoma japonicum vesicle-associat ...	2015	26641090
multiplex real-time pcr monitoring of intestinal helminths in humans reveals widespread polyparasitism in northern samar, the philippines.	the global socioeconomic importance of helminth parasitic disease is underpinned by the considerable clinical impact on millions of people. while helminth polyparasitism is considered common in the philippines, little has been done to survey its extent in endemic communities. high morphological similarity of eggs between related species complicates conventional microscopic diagnostic methods which are known to lack sensitivity, particularly in low intensity infections. multiplex quantitative pcr ...	2015	25858090
[changes in splenocyte proliferation, subsets and cytokine production in mice immunized with recombinant vaccine bifidobacterium bifidum (pgex-sj32) of schistosoma japonicum].	to observe the dynamic changes of immune responses of splenocytes in mice immunized with recombinant vaccine bifidobacterium bifidum (pgex-sj32) of schistosoma japonicum and investigate the immunological mechanism of the vaccine.	2015	25736113
[cloning, expression and immunodiagnostic evaluation of the fasciola gigantica thioredoxin peroxidase].	to immunoscreen the gene encoding thioredoxin peroxidase (tpx) from a cdna library made from adult fasciola gigantica worms, clone and express the gene, and evaluate the immunodiagnostic value of tpx recombinant protein.	2015	26245114
identification and characterization of a member of rab subfamily, rab8, from clonorchis sinensis.	the rabs act as a binary molecular switch that utilizes the conformational changes associated with the gtp/gdp cycle to elicit responses from target proteins. it regulates a broad spectrum of cellular processes including cell proliferation, cytoskeletal assembly, and intracellular membrane trafficking in eukaryotes. the rab8 from clonorchis sinensis (csrab8) was composed of 199 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence shared above 50% identities with other species from trematode, tapeworm, m ...	2015	25773178
[development of colloidal gold immunochromatography assay strip for schistosomiasis diagnosis in domestic animals].	to develop a quick and easy colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (gica) strip for schistosomiasis diagnosis in domestic animals.	2015	26930931
[preliminary genetic and functional analyses of schistosoma japonicum chymotrypsin-like protease].	to investigate the gene expression, localization and potential functions of schistosoma japonicum chymotrypsin-like protease (sjctrl) in the host, and evaluate its potential immune-protection efficacy against s. japonicum infection in mice.	2015	26672212
[recombinant expression of schistosoma japonicum fructose-1, 6-bisphos- phate aldolase and its expression in different developmental stages of s. japonicum].	to clone, express and purify schistosoma japonicum fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (sjfbpa) in e. coli and observe its expression in different developmental stages of s. japonicum.	2015	26510360
a novel coagulation inhibitor from schistosoma japonicum.	little is known about the molecular mechanisms whereby the human blood fluke schistosoma japonicum is able to survive in the host venous blood system. protease inhibitors are likely released by the parasite enabling it to avoid attack by host proteolytic enzymes and coagulation factors. interrogation of the s. japonicum genomic sequence identified a gene, sjki-1, homologous to that encoding a single domain kunitz protein (sjp_0020270) which we expressed in recombinant form in escherichia coli an ...	2015	26463744
[cloning, expression of gene sjost48 from schistosoma japonicum and evaluation of the immunoprotective efficacy of rsjost48 in mice].	to identify sjchgc01743 gene of schistosoma japonicum and evaluate the potential of the recombinant protein as a new vaccine candidate for schistosomiasis, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was used to amplify the cdna of the gene and real-time rt-pcr was used to analyze the transcription profiles of sjchgc01743 at different development stages. recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed and transformed into competent escherichia coli bl21 (de3). then the recombinant protein was exp ...	2015	26380407
evaluation of six novel antigens as potential biomarkers for the early immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis.	early diagnosis of schistosomiasis, prior to egg laying, would enable earlier treatment and help interrupt the transmission cycle of the parasite and the progress of the disease. previously we identified six novel antigens with potential as diagnostic markers for human schistosoma japonicum infections. in this study, we evaluated these antigens as candidate biomarkers for the early diagnosis of schistosomiasis in mice and rabbits.	2015	26338369
cloning, expression and enzymatic characterization of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase from schistosoma japonicum.	in the present study, a full-length cdna encoding the schistosoma japonicum 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (sjpgk) with an open reading frame of 1251 bp was isolated from 42-day-old (42-d) schistosome cdnas. real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr analysis revealed that sjpgk was expressed in all investigated developmental stages and at a higher transcript levels in 21- and 42-d worms. moreover, the sjpgk mrna level was significantly downregulated in 10-d schistosomula from wistar rats (non- ...	2015	26299245
[preliminary study on pro-apoptotic gene bad of schistosoma japonicum].	to understand the characteristics of pro-apoptotic gene sjbad of schistosoma japonicum, such as its biology, immunology, and transcriptional expression, and evaluate its potential of the recombinant protein as a vaccine candidate for schistosomiasis.	2015	26263773
molecular characterization of serine protease inhibitor isoform 3, smspi, from schistosoma mansoni.	serine protease inhibitors, known as serpins, are pleiotropic regulators of endogenous and exogenous proteases, and molecule transporters. they have been documented in animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and viruses; here, we characterize a serpin from the trematode platyhelminth schistosoma mansoni. at least eight serpins have been found in the genome of s. mansoni, but only two have characterized molecular properties and functions. here, the function of s. mansoni serpin isoform 3 (smspi) was an ...	2016	27083187
ancient human parasites in ethnic chinese populations.	whilst archaeological evidence for many aspects of life in ancient china is well studied, there has been much less interest in ancient infectious diseases, such as intestinal parasites in past chinese populations. here, we bring together evidence from mummies, ancient latrines, and pelvic soil from burials, dating from the neolithic period to the qing dynasty, in order to better understand the health of the past inhabitants of china and the diseases endemic in the region. seven species of intest ...	2016	27853113
screening and identification of dna aptamers toward schistosoma japonicum eggs via selex.	schistosomiasis is a major parasitic disease caused by blood flukes of the genus schistosoma. several million people all over the world are estimated to suffer from severe morbidity as a consequence of schistosomiasis. the worm's eggs, which cause the symptoms of schistosomiasis, are generally used to diagnose the disease. in this study, we employed egg-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (egg-selex) and identified a panel of ssdna aptamers specifically binding to egg ...	2016	27121794
cloning and in vitro characterization of a schistosoma japonicum aquaglyceroporin that functions in osmoregulation.	as one of the three major human pathogens that cause schistosomiasis, schistosoma japonicum is the only one that is endemic in china. despite great progress on schistosomiasis control over the past 50 years in china, s. japonicum transmission still occurs in certain endemic regions, which causes significant public health problems and enormous economic losses. during different life stages, parasites are able to survive dramatic osmolality changes between its vector, fresh water, and mammal host. ...	2016	27733755
functional characterisation of schistosoma japonicum acetylcholinesterase.	acetylcholinesterase (ache) is an important metabolic enzyme of schistosomes present in the musculature and on the surface of the blood stage where it has been implicated in the modulation of glucose scavenging from mammalian host blood. as both a target for the antischistosomal drug metrifonate and as a potential vaccine candidate, ache has been characterised in the schistosome species schistosoma mansoni, s. haematobium and s. bovis, but not in s. japonicum. recently, using a schistosome prote ...	2016	27283196
genetic evidence of contemporary dispersal of the intermediate snail host of schistosoma japonicum: movement of an ntd host is facilitated by land use and landscape connectivity.	while the dispersal of hosts and vectors-through active or passive movement-is known to facilitate the spread and re-emergence of certain infectious diseases, little is known about the movement ecology of oncomelania spp., intermediate snail host of the parasite schistosoma japonicum, and its consequences for the spread of schistosomiasis in east and southeast asia. in china, despite intense control programs aimed at preventing schistosomiasis transmission, there is evidence in recent years of r ...	2016	27977674
schistosomiasis vaccines: where do we stand?	schistosomiasis, caused mainly by s. mansoni, s. haematobium and s. japonicum, continues to be a serious tropical disease and public health problem resulting in an unacceptably high level of morbidity in countries where it is endemic. praziquantel, the only drug currently available for treatment, is unable to kill developing schistosomes, it does not prevent re-infection and its continued extensive use may result in the future emergence of drug-resistant parasites. this scenario provides impetus ...	2016	27716365
coinfection of schistosoma species with hepatitis b or hepatitis c viruses.	although a considerable number of studies have been undertaken to date, it is still controversial as to whether or not coinfection with schistosomiasis increases the susceptibility to or progression from hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. this review is a closer examination of the key studies conducted on human populations on clinical factors that were published in english between 1975 and january 2015. our review is mainly based on tables containing the salient inform ...	2016	27015949
[establishment and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification based on plasmodium falciparum unique genes coding phist proteins].	to establish a novel convenient loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method with the unique genes coding plasmodium helical interspersed sub-telomeric superfamily (phist) for the rapid molecular diagnosis of p. falciparum.	2016	27356403
ultrasonography of gallbladder abnormalities due to schistosomiasis.	after malaria, schistosomiasis remains the most important tropical parasitic disease in large parts of the world. schistosomiasis has recently re-emerged in southern europe. intestinal schistosomiasis is caused by most schistosoma (s.) spp. pathogenic to humans and leads to chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the colon as well as to liver fibrosis. gallbladder abnormalities usually occur in patients with advanced hepatic portal fibrosis due to schistosoma mansoni infection. occasionally, gallbl ...	2016	27169865
development of a schistosomiasis vaccine.	schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (ntd) of public health importance. despite decades of implementation of mass praziquantel therapy programs and other control measures, schistosomiasis has not been contained and continues to spread to new geographic areas. a schistosomiasis vaccine could play an important role as part of a multifaceted control approach. with regards to vaccine development, many biological bottlenecks still exist: the lack of reliable surrogates of protection in hum ...	2016	26651503
formation and controlled drug release using a three-component supramolecular hydrogel for anti-schistosoma japonicum cercariae.	a novel three-component supramolecular hydrogel based on riboflavin, melamine and amino acid derivatives were constructed for controlled release of pesticides, niclosamide derivatives. the formation of hydrogel may be attributed to self-assemble via hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction, which have been researched via scanning electron microscopy (sem) and fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectra. the rheological experiments showed that the hydrogel materials and drug-loaded hydrogel all demons ...	2016	28344302
schistosoma japonicum hsp60-derived peptide sjmhe1 suppresses delayed-type hypersensitivity in a murine model.	parasite-derived molecules with immunomodulatory properties, which have been optimised during host-parasite co-evolution, exhibit potential applications as novel immunotherapeutics. we have previously demonstrated that schistosoma japonicum hsp60-derived peptide sjmhe1 induces cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t-cells (tregs) and that adoptively transferred sjmhe1-induced cd4(+)cd25(+) tregs inhibit delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) in mice. however, multiple concerns regarding this method render this ...	2016	26971312
excretory/secretory proteome of 14-day schistosomula, schistosoma japonicum.	schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. the schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. excretory/secretory (es) proteins play a major role in host-parasite interactions and es protein compositions of schistosomula of s. japonicum have not been characterized to date. in the pre ...	2016	26453986
assessment of the diagnostic efficacy of enolase as an indication of active infection of schistosoma japonicum.	schistosomiasis is a common zoonoses affecting humans. the atypical clinical symptoms, low morbidity, and low degree of infection impede diagnosis and assessment of epidemics. detecting circulating antigens from adult worms in patients' body fluids should be diagnostically superior to examining eggs in feces. herein, the excretory-secretory proteins of adult worms were analyzed by using 2-d protein electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. the schistosoma japonicum enolase (sj enolase) was identifi ...	2016	26420425
itraq-based comparative proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory proteins of schistosomula and adult worms of schistosoma japonicum.	schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. the schistosomulum and adult worm are two stages of the complex lifecycle of schistosoma japonicum and excretory/secretory proteins (esps) play a major role in host-parasite interactions. in this study, itraq-coupled lc-ms/ms was used to investigate the proteome of esps obtained from schistosomula and adult worms of s. japonicum, and 298 differential esps were identi ...	2016	26915583
forensic study of schistosoma japonicum eggs found in an autopsy case.		2016	26900052
combined il-12 plasmid and recombinant sjgst enhance the protective and anti-pathology effect of sjgst dna vaccine against schistosoma japonicum.	schistosomiasis is listed as one of most important tropical diseases and more than 200 million people are estimated to be infected. development of a vaccine is thought to be the most effective way to control this disease. recombinant 26-kda glutathione s-transferase (rsjgst) has previously been reported to achieve a worm reduction rate of 42-44%. to improve the efficiency of the vaccine against schistosoma japonicum, we immunized mice with a combination of pcdna vector-encoded 26-kda sjgst (pcdn ...	2016	26891172
micrornas are involved in the regulation of ovary development in the pathogenic blood fluke schistosoma japonicum.	schistosomes, blood flukes, are an important global public health concern. paired adult female schistosomes produce large numbers of eggs that are primarily responsible for the disease pathology and critical for dissemination. consequently, understanding schistosome sexual maturation and egg production may open novel perspectives for intervening with these processes to prevent clinical symptoms and to interrupt the life-cycle of these blood-flukes. micrornas (mirnas) are key regulators of many b ...	2016	26871705
antischistosomal activity of n,n'-arylurea analogs against schistosoma japonicum.	although the antischistosomal activities of n,n'-arylurea analogs were reported, systematic structure-activity relationships have not been conducted. in this letter, we reported the design, synthesis and evaluation of 45 n,n'-arylurea analogs. among these prepared compounds, 13 compounds were urea linker modified and 32 were n,n'-arylurea derivatives. the activity evaluation revealed 12 analogs exhibited ic50 values lower than 22.6μm, and 7 of them had ic50 less than 10μm against the juvenile sc ...	2016	26856921
correction: foxp3+ regulatory t cells in hepatic fibrosis and splenomegaly caused by schistosoma japonicum: the spleen may be a major source of tregs in subjects with splenomegaly.		2016	26849557
correction: micrornas are involved in the regulation of ovary development in the pathogenic blood fluke schistosoma japonicum.		2016	27093517
taurine drinking ameliorates hepatic granuloma and fibrosis in mice infected with schistosoma japonicum.	in schistosomiasis, egg-induced hepatic granuloma formation is a cytokine-mediated, predominantly cd4(+) th2 immune response that can give rise to hepatic fibrosis. hepatic fibrosis is the main cause of increased morbidity and mortality in humans with schistosome infection. taurine has various physiological functions and hepatoprotective properties as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. however, little is known about the role of taurine in schistosome egg-induced granuloma f ...	2016	27054062
colonic high-grade tubular adenomas associated with schistosoma japonicum.	we reported a case of sigmoid colonic high grade tubular adenomas associated with deposited ova of schistosoma japonicum. a 76-year-old japanese man was referred to our colonoscopy due to a positive fecal occult blood test. he had a medical history of schistosomiasis japonica. the colonoscopy revealed that there were two sigmoid colon polyps, approximately 8 mm in diameter. these were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection (emr). pathological examination revealed high grade tubular adenomas and ...	2016	27050891
nucleic acid detection in the diagnosis and prevention of schistosomiasis.	schistosomiasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease that causes serious harms to humans and animals. surveillance and diagnosis play key roles in schistosomiasis control, however, current techniques for surveillance and diagnosis of the disease have limitations. as genome data for parasites are increasing, novel techniques for detection incorporating nucleotide sequences are receiving widespread attention. these sensitive, specific, and rapid detection methods are particularly important i ...	2016	27025210
optimisation of a droplet digital pcr assay for the diagnosis of schistosoma japonicum infection: a duplex approach with dna binding dye chemistry.	schistosomiasis is a chronically debilitating helminth infection with a significant socio-economic and public health impact. accurate diagnostics play a pivotal role in achieving current schistosomiasis control and elimination goals. however, many of the current diagnostic procedures, which rely on detection of schistosome eggs, have major limitations including lack of accuracy and the inability to detect pre-patent infections. dna-based detection methods provide a viable alternative to the curr ...	2016	27021661
an investigation into the potential effects of infrapopulation structure and other sources of sampling error, on population genetic studies of the transmission of schistosoma japonicum (trematoda: digenea).	schistosoma japonicum remains a major challenge to human and animal health. earlier microsatellite-based studies reported possible definitive-host-specific private alleles within s. japonicum, opening the possibility that different definitive hosts might harbour different parasite strains. previous investigations have also detected near-identical multilocus genotypes in populations of adult worms - possibly the result of mutations occurring during the asexual (intramolluscan) phase of clonal exp ...	2016	27000844
effect of corilagin on the mir-21/smad7/erk signaling pathway in a schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model.	this study sought to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of corilagin via interference with the mir-21/smad7/erk signaling pathway in a schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model. mice were infected with schistosoma japonicum cercaria to establish the mouse model of schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis. at four weeks after infection, the groups were given different medications. the living conditions were observed. real-time pcr was employed to detect the mrna levels of mir-21, sma ...	2016	26946098
exposure versus susceptibility as alternative bases for new approaches to surveillance for schistosoma japonicum in low transmission environments.	currently, schistosomiasis in china provides an excellent example of many of the challenges of moving from low transmission to the elimination of transmission for infectious diseases generally. in response to the surveillance dimension of these challenges, we here explore two strategic approaches to inform priorities for the development of improved methods addressed specifically to schistosomiasis in the low transmission environment. we utilize an individually-based model and the exposure data u ...	2016	26942912
il-33 contributes to schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic pathology through induction of m2 macrophages.	interleukin (il)-33 is involved in t helper (th)2-biased immune responses in mice infected with schistosoma, but the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. herein, we investigated the role of il-33 and its receptor st2l in hepatic granuloma pathology induced by schistosoma japonicum infection. we found that il-33 induced the increased production of il-5 and il-13 from splenocytes and liver mononuclear cells (mncs) of infected mice. the infected mice developed significantly higher number of ...	2016	27445267
identification of host insulin binding sites on schistosoma japonicum insulin receptors.	schistosoma japonicum insulin receptors (sjirs) have been identified as encouraging vaccine candidates. interrupting or blocking the binding between host insulin and the schistosome insulin receptors (irs) may result in reduced glucose uptake leading to starvation and stunting of worms with a reduction in egg output. to further understand how schistosomes are able to exploit host insulin for development and growth, and whether these parasites and their mammalian hosts compete for the same insuli ...	2016	27441998