Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [an in vitro test of propolis against trichomonas vaginalis]. | cultured t. vaginalis was used for the anti-trichomonas test at different times, concentrations of propolis and densities of the parasites. after being cultured for 0, 6, 12, 24 hrs, the survival rate of the parasites was (91.50+/-3.11)%, (43.00+/-6.83)%, (22.25+/-5.32)% and (11.50+/-5.74)% respectively with a significant difference between propolis group and the control. under the concentrations of 0.24, 0.48, 0.96, 1.92, 3.84 and 7.68 (mg/ml) with 24 hrs culture, the survival rate was (88.00+/ ... | 2006 | 17366987 |
| etiology of chronic prostatitis syndrome in patients treated at the university hospital for infectious diseases "dr. fran mihaljević" from 2003 to 2005. | a total of 835 patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis syndrome and no evidence of structural or functional lower genitourinary tract abnormalities were examined in a three year period at the outpatient department for urogenital infections, university hospital for infectious diseases "dr. fran mihaljević" zagreb, croatia. disease etiology was determined in 482 (57.72%) patients. chlamydia trachomatis was proved to be the causative pathogen in 161 patients, trichomonas vaginalis in 85, esch ... | 2006 | 17508488 |
| a prospective study of genital infections in hamedan, iran. | a prospective study of genital infections was conducted in a university-affiliated teaching hospital in hamedan city, iran. a total of 540 women were recruited and divided into two equal groups: (1) the case group with vaginitis (n=270) and, (2) the asymptomatic control group (n=270). participants were interviewed about the occurrence of any vaginal or urethral discharge. two vaginal swabs were obtained for ph testing, koh and wet mount examination, gram staining and culture at the time of specu ... | 2006 | 17547076 |
| two methods of self-sampling compared to clinician sampling to detect reproductive tract infections in gugulethu, south africa. | to assess the validity, feasibility, and acceptability of 2 methods of self-sampling compared to clinician sampling during a speculum examination. | 2006 | 16572041 |
| [gynaecological and obstetrical aspects of recurrent urinary tract infections]. | the microbial colonization of vulva, vagina and cervix uteri represents the reservoir for recurrent urinary tract infection. all bacterial species of normal cutaneous or gastrointestinal flora can be found in the external genital tract even under physiological conditions. the higher concentration of microbes adds to the predisposition for urinary tract infection in cases of dysbiosis or inflammation, apart from specific infection by trichomonas vaginalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae or chlamydia trach ... | 2006 | 16586054 |
| examination of urine for bacteria and parasites among elder persons in the rural area, in dammam district. | the asymptomatic bacteria and parasites in urines were studied in elder persons living in the rural areas of dammam district. complete history taking, clinical examination, urine analysis and culture, blood glucose level and haemoglobins in gm were performed for 43 elders of both sexes. the bacteria detected in urine in a descending order were klebsiella sp. staphyloccocus sp., escherichia coli and pseudomonas sp. the parasites detected were only trichomonas vaginalis in three diabetic females. ... | 2006 | 16605119 |
| hydrogenosomes and symbiosis. | 2006 | 16623392 | |
| use of trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates to evaluate correlation of gene expression and metronidazole resistance. | we investigated whether variations in gene expression of enzymes associated with anaerobic resistance of laboratory-derived strains of trichomonas vaginalis could be detected in a group of 28 clinical isolates with variations in metronidazole sensitivity. we compared isolates by real-time pcr because this method allows for highly sensitive quantification of mrna and for evaluation of several genes simultaneously. we found that pfor gene a mrna levels were highly correlated with pfor gene b level ... | 2006 | 16629339 |
| variation in vaginal immune parameters and microbial hydrolytic enzymes in bacterial vaginosis positive pregnant women with and without mobiluncus species. | this study was undertaken to assess if levels of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), il-8, sialidase, prolidase and immunoglobulin a against gardenerella vaginalis hemolysin (anti-gvh iga) in vaginal secretions differ between bv+ women with (m+) and without (m-) mobiluncus spp. | 2006 | 16643824 |
| cytotoxic potential of cervical mucus on trichomonas vaginalis to prevent upper genital tract infections. | 2006 | 16680275 | |
| cervical smear participation and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in women attending a community-controlled indigenous health service in north queensland. | to increase pap smear participation and to assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (sti) in urban indigenous women in townsville. | 2006 | 16681340 |
| the associations between pelvic inflammatory disease, trichomonas vaginalis infection, and positive herpes simplex virus type 2 serology. | roles for chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in pelvic inflammatory disease pathogenesis are well delineated; however, the etiologic contributions of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and trichomonas vaginalis have been underexplored. | 2006 | 16691155 |
| development of a nonhuman primate model for trichomonas vaginalis infection. | trichomoniasis, caused by trichomonas vaginalis, is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection associated with increased risk of hiv infection. an animal model of t. vaginalis infection would enable scientists to further investigate trichomoniasis. | 2006 | 16691156 |
| genotyping trichomonas vaginalis. | a genotyping method has been developed to distinguish each trichomonas vaginalis isolate and has provided the first genome mapping studies of this protist with an estimated 180mb genome. the technique was developed using high molecular weight dna prepared from five laboratory isolates from australia and usa and 20 clinical isolates from south africa. inhibition of the notorious t. vaginalis endogenous nucleases by addition of potent inhibitors was essential to the success of this study. chromoso ... | 2006 | 16698025 |
| plasma antibodies against trichomonas vaginalis and subsequent risk of prostate cancer. | although several previous case-control studies have investigated associations between sexually transmitted infections (sti) and prostate cancer, most have focused on gonorrhea and syphilis, two well-recognized, symptomatic stis. another sti of interest for prostate carcinogenesis is trichomonosis, a less well recognized and frequently asymptomatic sti with known prostate involvement. we investigated this infection in relation to incident prostate cancer in a nested case-control study within the ... | 2006 | 16702374 |
| mycoplasma hominis and trichomonas vaginalis: a unique case of symbiotic relationship between two obligate human parasites. | mollicutes are the smallest and simplest self-replicating microorganisms. despite the minimal genome and apparent lack of complexity, mycoplasmas show a high degree of adaptation to the most diverse environments. mycoplasma hominis is a human sexually transmitted mycoplasma which is able to establish a biological association with trichomonas vaginalis, a pathogenic flagellated protist. m. hominis and t. vaginalis share the same specific natural niche, the human genitourinary tract. symbiotic rel ... | 2006 | 16720288 |
| readily treatable reproductive tract infections and preterm birth among black women. | this study sought to quantify the risks of preterm birth that are ascribable to potentially treatable reproductive tract infections among black women in denver, colorado. | 2006 | 16731091 |
| microscopy and culture for trichomonas vaginalis: are both required? | many genitourinary medicine clinics have stopped routinely performing both wet preparation microscopy and cultures to diagnose trichomonas vaginalis (tv). our directorate stopped microscopy when screening asymptomatic women. this audit considers whether both tests continue to be warranted for symptomatic female patients. the discrepancy between microscopy and culture results leads us to recommend that both remain necessary. sampling standardization and improved documentation are discussed. | 2006 | 16734968 |
| cysteine biosynthesis in trichomonas vaginalis involves cysteine synthase utilizing o-phosphoserine. | trichomonas vaginalis is an early divergent eukaryote with many unusual biochemical features. it is an anaerobic protozoan parasite of humans that is thought to rely heavily on cysteine as a major redox buffer, because it lacks glutathione. we report here that for synthesis of cysteine from sulfide, t. vaginalis relies upon cysteine synthase. the enzyme (tvcs1) can use either o-acetylserine or o-phosphoserine as substrates. the k(m) values of the enzyme for sulfide are very low (0.02 mm), sugges ... | 2006 | 16735516 |
| antiparasitic activity of two lavandula essential oils against giardia duodenalis, trichomonas vaginalis and hexamita inflata. | two essential oils derived from lavandula angustifolia and lavandula x intermedia were investigated for any antiparasitic activity against the human protozoal pathogens giardia duodenalis and trichomonas vaginalis and the fish pathogen hexamita inflata: all of which have significant infection and economic impacts. the study has demonstrated that low (< or = 1%) concentrations of l. angustifolia and l. x intermedia oil can completely eliminate t. vaginalis, g. duodenalis and h. inflata in vitro. ... | 2006 | 16741725 |
| incidence and correlates of unwanted sex in relationships of middle and late adolescent women. | to determine the 3-month incidence of unwanted sex and to examine relationship factors and health-risk behaviors associated with incident unwanted sex. | 2006 | 16754820 |
| a community-based study of risk factors for trichomonas vaginalis infection among women and their male partners in moshi urban district, northern tanzania. | the objective of this study was to determine predictors of trichomonas vaginalis among women and their partners in moshi, tanzania. | 2006 | 16755271 |
| alfred donné and léon foucault: the first applications of electricity and photography to medical illustration. | the first electric projecting microscope and the first published photomicrographs harnessed recent technological developments to provide improved methods of medical illustration for educational purposes. both projects were the work of two frenchmen. the impetus came from the microscopist dr alfred donné (1801-78), discoverer of trichomonas vaginalis and leukaemia. implementation was primarily by his medical-student assistant, léon foucault (1819-68), who later gained fame as a physicist, especia ... | 2006 | 16766307 |
| the vi-sense-vaginal discharge self-test to facilitate management of vaginal symptoms. | this study was undertaken to evaluate a diagnostic panty liner (vi-sense) (common sense, caesarea, israel) developed to facilitate diagnosis of vaginal infections by detecting disordered acidity level. | 2006 | 16769019 |
| dependence on p38 mapk signalling in the up-regulation of tlr2, tlr4 and tlr9 gene expression in trichomonas vaginalis-treated hela cells. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) synthesized by micro-organisms. despite the essential requirement for tlrs in prokaryotic infection, the pattern and regulation of tlr gene expression by trichomonas vaginalis in the mucocutaneous barrier are still unknown. our hypothesis is that t. vaginalis-infected epithelial cells are major effector cells in the skin barrier. these cells function as a ce ... | 2006 | 16771851 |
| interaction between trichomonas vaginalis and human spermatozoa in the female genital tract: papanicolaou-stained cervical smear findings. | 2006 | 16780038 | |
| cross-reactivity of trichomonas in cervical p16ink4a immunocytochemistry is dependent on antibody, not antigen. | 2006 | 16783782 | |
| the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocyte treated with metronidazole in vitro. | 5-nitroimidazoles are a group of antiprotozoal and antibacterial agents. thanks to their antimicrobial activity, these chemotherapeutic agents inhibit the growth of both anaerobic bacteria and certain anaerobic protozoa. one of the useful drugs used in the treatment of infections caused by trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia lamblia is metronidazole (mtz). the mutagenicity of metronidazole [1-(hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] has been previously shown in different p ... | 2006 | 16455592 |
| use of an adaptation of a commercially available pcr assay aimed at diagnosis of chlamydia and gonorrhea to detect trichomonas vaginalis in urogenital specimens. | trichomonas vaginalis pcr using reagents from a commercially available assay for chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae was evaluated for detection of infection in women and men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. evaluations included three primer sets, endocervical swabs, vaginal swabs and urine, and various storage conditions. the tvk3/tvk7 primer set was optimal in our hands with sensitivities ranging from 69.5 to 96.8%. in all comparisons, t. vaginalis pcr performed bet ... | 2006 | 16455885 |
| midpregnancy genitourinary tract infection with chlamydia trachomatis: association with subsequent preterm delivery in women with bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginalis. | the objective of the study was to estimate whether midpregnancy genitourinary tract infection with chlamydia trachomatis is associated with an increased risk of subsequent preterm delivery. | 2006 | 16458652 |
| association of condom use, sexual behaviors, and sexually transmitted infections with the duration of genital human papillomavirus infection among adolescent women. | to examine the association of potentially modifiable factors such as condom use, sexual behaviors, and concurrent sexually transmitted infections with duration of genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infections among adolescent women. | 2006 | 16461870 |
| a novel surface protein of trichomonas vaginalis is regulated independently by low iron and contact with vaginal epithelial cells. | trichomonosis caused by trichomonas vaginalis is the number one, non-viral sexually transmitted disease (std) that affects more than 250 million people worldwide. immunoglobulin a (iga) has been implicated in resistance to mucosal infections by pathogens. no reports are available of iga-reactive proteins and the role, if any, of this class of antibody in the control of this std. the availability of an iga monoclonal antibody (mab) immunoreactive to trichomonads by whole cell (wc)-elisa prompted ... | 2006 | 16448556 |
| double-stranded rna viral infection in cuban trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | trichomonas vaginalis can be infected with double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses designated t. vaginalis virus (tvv), which may have important implications for trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. we tested for tvv in 40 fresh t. vaginalis isolates from cuban patients by total extraction of nucleic acids (dna and rna). tvv was detected in 22 (55%) of the 40 t. vaginalis isolates. this gives an estimate of the infection rate of cuban t. vaginalis isolates by the dsrna virus. future resea ... | 2006 | 16410949 |
| pyruvate-phosphate dikinase of oxymonads and parabasalia and the evolution of pyrophosphate-dependent glycolysis in anaerobic eukaryotes. | in pyrophosphate-dependent glycolysis, the atp/adp-dependent enzymes phosphofructokinase (pfk) and pyruvate kinase are replaced by the pyrophosphate-dependent pfk and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (ppdk), respectively. this variant of glycolysis is widespread among bacteria, but it also occurs in a few parasitic anaerobic eukaryotes such as giardia and entamoeba spp. we sequenced two genes for ppdk from the amitochondriate oxymonad streblomastix strix and found evidence for ppdk in trichomonas vag ... | 2006 | 16400177 |
| 5-nitroimidazole drugs effective against metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis and giardia duodenalis. | metronidazole (mz)-resistant giardia and trichomonas were inhibited by 1 of 30 new 5-nitroimidazole drugs. another five drugs were effective against some but not all of the mz-resistant parasites. this study provides the incentive for the continued design of 5-nitroimidazole drugs to bypass cross-resistance among established 5-nitromidazole antiparasitic drugs. | 2006 | 16377707 |
| high-resolution structure of recombinant trichomonas vaginalis thioredoxin. | the structure of thioredoxin from the anaerobic organism trichomonas vaginalis (tvtrx) has been determined at 1.9 angstroms resolution. the structure is that of a typical thioredoxin: a five-stranded beta-sheet structure with two alpha-helices on either side. the active site of the protein carries a trp-cys-gly-pro-cys motif, residues 34-38, at the n-terminus of an alpha-helix (alpha2). the cysteine residues in this motif form a redox-active disulfide necessary for thioredoxin activity. with hig ... | 2006 | 16421453 |
| consideration for empiric trichomonas vaginalis treatment among selected high-risk hiv-infected female populations with concurrent neisseria gonorrhea or chlamydia trachomatis cervical infections. | 2006 | 16432485 | |
| trichomoniasis and its treatment. | trichomonas vaginalis has long been recognized as a cause of infectious vaginitis in women. more recently, studies have demonstrated a significant burden of disease in men with urethritis or men at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases. there is increasing interest in this pathogen as more data accumulates linking it to hiv transmission and perinatal morbidity. new diagnostic methods have emerged that may increase sensitivity of diagnosis or improve point-of-care access to testing. nitroim ... | 2006 | 16441214 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole bioisosteres. | a series of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole derivatives with various 5- and 6-position bioisosteric substituents (-cl, -f, -cf3, -cn), namely 1-7, were prepared using a short synthetic route. each analogue was tested in vitro against the protozoa giardia intestinalis and trichomonas vaginalis in comparison with albendazole and metronidazole. several analogues had ic50 values < 1 microm against both species, which make them significantly more potent than either standard. compound 4 [2,5(6)-b ... | 2006 | 16260067 |
| the 5s ribosomal rna gene from the early diverging protozoa trichomonas vaginalis. | 2006 | 16300840 | |
| synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some new synthetic substituted quinoxalines. | a series of 29 new quinoxalines was synthesized and evaluated in vitro against several parasites (leishmania donovani, trypanosoma brucei brucei, and trichomonas vaginalis). several of them displayed interesting activities, and particularly four quinoxaline amides showed in vitro antileishmanial properties (ic50 less than 20 microm). | 2006 | 16309903 |
| apoptosis of macrophages induced by trichomonas vaginalis through the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that locates at downstream of mitochondria-dependent caspase activation. | trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite, is the causative organism of trichomoniasis. we have recently demonstrated that t. vaginalis induces apoptotic cell death via a bcl-x(l)-dependent pathway in raw264.7 macrophages. in this study, we attempted to characterize in detail the signaling cascades resulting in t. vaginalis-induced macrophage apoptosis, focusing particularly on mitochondrial changes and the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 mapk) activation. we foun ... | 2006 | 16360334 |
| in vitro activity of hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) against metronidazole-resistant and -susceptible strains of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease with worldwide significance. trichomoniasis can be treated with metronidazole; however, resistant strains of t. vaginalis have been isolated and there is a lack of useful alternative drugs. the aim of the present study was to examine the activity of hexadecylphosphocholine (hepc; miltefosine), a membrane-active alkylphospholipid, that is licensed as an antileishmanial agent against t. vaginalis. | 2006 | 16344287 |
| diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection: the sensitivities and specificities of microscopy, culture and pcr assay. | the aim of this study was to compare wet mount-, giemsa stain-, acridine orange fluorescent stain-, cultivation- and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based approaches to establish which method or combination of methods was most effective in the laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis. | 2006 | 16249051 |
| lack of evidence for the involvement of rectal and oral trichomonads in the aetiology of vaginal trichomoniasis in ghana. | to investigate the possible involvement of human trichomonads (pentatrichomonas hominis and trichomonas tenax) other than trichomonas vaginalis in the aetiology of vaginal trichomoniasis. | 2007 | 16790560 |
| the trichomonad cysteine proteinase tvcp4 transcript contains an iron-responsive element. | the differential expression of the trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteinase tvcp4 by iron at the protein synthesis level and the prediction of an iron-responsive element (ire)-like stem-loop structure at the 5'-region of the t. vaginalis cysteine proteinase 4 gene (tvcp4) mrna suggest a post-transcriptional mechanism of iron regulation in trichomonads mediated by an ire/irp-like system. gel-shifting, uv cross-linking and competition experiments demonstrated that this ire-like structure specific ... | 2007 | 17553495 |
| racial disparity in risk of preterm birth associated with lower genital tract infection. | the objective of this study was to examine the associations between lower genital tract infection, racial group and preterm birth in the vaginal infections and prematurity study, a large prospective cohort study conducted between 1984 and 1989. this analysis included 11 910 women enrolled at 23-26 weeks' gestation with equal representation from self-identified african american, hispanic and white women. subjects were screened for chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginos ... | 2007 | 17564589 |
| oral contraceptive use may not preclude condom use: a study of non-pregnant african-american adolescent females. | to determine the association between oral contraceptive and condom use, and laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted infection (sti) among african-american adolescent females at a high risk of sti acquisition. | 2007 | 17569720 |
| the protective value of school enrolment against sexually transmitted disease: a study of high-risk african american adolescent females. | to identify whether school enrolment is protective against laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and against a spectrum of sexual risk factors. | 2007 | 17569721 |
| double-stranded rna virus in korean isolate ih-2 of trichomonas vaginalis. | in this study, we describe korean isolates of trichomonas vaginalis infected with double-stranded (ds) rna virus (tvv). one t. vaginalis isolate infected with tvv ih-2 evidenced weak pathogenicity in the mouse assay coupled with the persistent presence of a dsrna, thereby indicating a hypovirulence effect of dsrna in t. vaginalis. cloning and sequence analysis results revealed that the genomic dsrna of tvv ih-2 was 4,647 bp in length and evidenced a sequence identity of 80% with the previously-d ... | 2007 | 17570970 |
| frataxin, a conserved mitochondrial protein, in the hydrogenosome of trichomonas vaginalis. | recent data suggest that frataxin plays a key role in eukaryote cellular iron metabolism, particularly in mitochondrial heme and iron-sulfur (fes) cluster biosynthesis. we have now identified a frataxin homologue (t. vaginalis frataxin) from the human parasite trichomonas vaginalis. instead of mitochondria, this unicellular eukaryote possesses hydrogenosomes, peculiar organelles that produce hydrogen but nevertheless share common ancestry with mitochondria. t. vaginalis frataxin contains conserv ... | 2007 | 17573543 |
| cysteine proteinase 30 (cp30) and antibody response to cp30 in serum and vaginal washes of symptomatic and asymptomatic trichomonas vaginalis-infected women. | infection with trichomonas vaginalis may be asymptomatic or with symptoms suggestive of vaginitis. because cysteine proteinase 30 (cp30) of t. vaginalis is known to be a virulence marker that plays a role in cytoadherence, the aim of this study was to analyse the presence of cp30 and antibody to cp30 in clinical samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic infected women. cp30 was detected in all the serum and vaginal washes (vws) of symptomatic women and in 65% of the serum and 80% of the vws of asy ... | 2007 | 17576365 |
| rapid antigen testing compares favorably with transcription-mediated amplification assay for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis in young women. | diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection is limited by imperfect testing methods. newer tests, such as rapid antigen and nucleic acid amplification tests, are often compared with culture, which is not widely used but is more sensitive than wet mount. we assessed the sensitivity and specificity of 4 tests for the identification of tv using 3 statistical approaches. | 2007 | 17578778 |
| a novel method to increase the viability of trichomonas vaginalis in urine. | two of the major diagnostic methods for trichomonas vaginalis, wet mount and culture, rely on the continued viability of the organism. methods to increase the viability of t. vaginalis in urine are needed. | 2007 | 17589330 |
| the proteins secreted by trichomonas vaginalis and vaginal epithelial cell response to secreted and episomally expressed ap65. | we showed recently that contact of human vaginal epithelial cells (vecs) by trichomonas vaginalis and incubation with trichomonad proteins in conditioned medium induced expression of vec genes. we performed 2-d sds-page followed by maldi-tof to identify the major secreted proteins. based on protein abundance and separation of spots in 2-d gels, 32 major secreted proteins were examined, which gave 19 proteins with accession numbers. these proteins included known secreted cysteine proteinases. in ... | 2007 | 17590165 |
| candidiasis and trichomoniasis among pregnant women in a rural community in the semi-arid zone, north-eastern nigeria. | to assess the prevalence of trichomoniasis and candidiasis among women resident in biu, a rural community in the semi-arid region of north-eastern nigeria. | 2007 | 17595985 |
| inpouch tv culture for detection of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis accounts for almost half of all curable sexually transmitted infections and has also been associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy and increased risk of hiv in women. diagnosis of the condition by direct wet mount examination has a low sensitivity. herein, we describe our experience with inpouch culture system for the detection of t. vaginalis. | 2007 | 17598943 |
| antisense rna decreases ap33 gene expression and cytoadherence by t. vaginalis. | host parasitism by trichomonas vaginalis is complex. adherence to vaginal epithelial cells (vecs) is mediated by surface proteins. we showed before that antisense down-regulation of expression of adhesin ap65 decreased amounts of protein, which lowered levels of t. vaginalis adherence to vecs. we now perform antisense down-regulation of expression of the ap33 gene to evaluate and confirm a role for ap33 in adherence by t. vaginalis. we also used an established transfection system for heterologou ... | 2007 | 17608941 |
| targeted screening for trichomonas vaginalis in women, a ph-based approach. | in the genitourinary medicine clinic setting, the most practical and widely used method of diagnosing trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is direct microscopy of a wet mount preparation (wmp) of a sample taken from the posterior vaginal fornix. we retrospectively reviewed the potential impact of further limiting wmp to women with a vaginal ph > or =4.5. in total, 5/100 women with tv diagnosed on wmp had a recorded vaginal ph <4.5. one case of tv was identified in 1000 consecutive wmps performed in women ... | 2007 | 17609030 |
| frequent douching and clinical outcomes among hiv-infected women. | to determine the prevalence of douching among a cohort of hiv-infected women and to examine clinical outcomes associated with frequent douching-namely bacterial vaginosis, presence of a sexually-transmitted infections, and genital tract hiv-1 rna shedding. | 2007 | 17621248 |
| effect of mexican medicinal plant used to treat trichomoniasis on trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites. | crude methanolic extracts from 22 mexican medicinal plants were screened for antitrichomonal activity against trichomonas vaginalis, which is the etiological agent of trichomoniasis. among the plants tested carica papaya and cocos nucifera showed the best antitrichomonal activity with ic(50) values of 5.6 and 5.8 microg/ml, respectively. the extracts of bocconia frutescens, geranium mexicanum, and lygodium venustum showed moderate activity with ic(50) values ranging from 30.9 to 60.9 microg/ml. ... | 2007 | 17628366 |
| [preparation of monoclonal antibodies against the adhesion protein 33 of trichomonas vaginalis]. | to prepare and characterize the monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) against recombinant adhesion protein 33 (ap33) of trichomonas vaginalis. | 2007 | 17633817 |
| [effect of dihydroartemisinin on the ultrastructure of trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites in vitro]. | to observe the effect of dihydroartemisinin (dha) on the ultrastructure of trichomonas vaginalis cultured in vitro. | 2007 | 17639698 |
| [staining improvement for trichomonas vaginalis specimen]. | by changing/improving the preparation, ratio, concentration and ph value of the staining solution, the cultured specimen of trichomonas vaginalis was better observed. different parts of the parasite are clearly viewed, and the method is simple, prompt and effective for staining and preservation. | 2007 | 17639712 |
| real-time pcrs for detection of trichomonas vaginalis beta-tubulin and 18s rrna genes in female genital specimens. | trichomonas vaginalis is the cause of one of the most common types of vaginitis, trichomoniasis. the incidence of trichomoniasis in developed countries has decreased substantially during the past decade, but high prevalence of this disease can still be found in rural and remote areas of australia. clinical manifestations of symptomatic women are generally non-specific, but include vaginal discharge, vaginitis and irritation. t. vaginalis infection has also been linked to the increased risk of hu ... | 2007 | 17510262 |
| asymptomatic trichomonas and candida colonization and pregnancy outcome. | trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted surface pathogen of the lower urogenital tract, and may be associated with asymptomatic vaginal colonization or intensely symptomatic vaginitis. in pregnancy it is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery. however, a randomized trial of treatment of asymptomatic trichomonas colonization in pregnancy showed an increase in the risk of preterm delivery in treated women. the reasons for this paradox are yet to be fully elucidated. candida ... | 2007 | 17512254 |
| a further proteomic study on the effect of iron in the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. | iron is an essential element to support the growth and survival of trichomonas vaginalis. it plays a critical role in the host-parasite interaction, and modulates the expression of virulence factors in this protozoan. in this work, parasites grown in iron-rich and iron-depleted media were analyzed by (i) light and scanning electron microscopy and (ii) 2-de and ms. withdrawal of iron from the culture medium resulted in dramatic changes in both the morphology and in the proteome pattern of t. vagi ... | 2007 | 17514679 |
| injectable progestin contraceptive use and risk of hiv infection in a south african family planning cohort. | to investigate whether the incidence of hiv infection is higher among sexually active women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa) or noresthisterone enanthate (net-en) injections for contraception than among women using nonhormonal or no contraception. | 2007 | 17519153 |
| isolation of a novel ras gene from trichomonas vaginalis: a possible evolutionary ancestor of the ras and rap genes of higher eukaryotes. | the ras subfamily proteins are small, monomeric gtp-binding proteins with vital roles in regulating eukaryotic signal transduction pathways. gene duplication and divergence have been postulated as the mechanism by which such family members have evolved their specific functions. a cdna clone of tvrsp was isolated and sequenced from a cdna expression library of the primitive eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis. the genomic dna corresponding to the cdna sequence was amplified by pcr and sequenced. sequ ... | 2007 | 17534405 |
| a functionally divergent hydrogenosomal peptidase with protomitochondrial ancestry. | matrix proteins of mitochondria, hydrogenosomes and mitosomes are typically targeted and translocated into their respective organelles using n-terminal presequences that are subsequently cleaved by a peptidase. here we characterize a approximately 47 kda metallopeptidase, from the hydrogenosome-bearing, unicellular eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis, that contains the active site motif (hxxehx(76)e) characteristic of the beta subunit of the mitochondrial processing peptidase (mpp) and localizes to ... | 2007 | 17542912 |
| trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: inadequately managed with the syndromic approach. | to measure the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection and bacterial vaginosis (bv) among pregnant women in botswana, and to evaluate the syndromic approach and alternative management strategies for these conditions in pregnancy. | 2007 | 17546311 |
| findings associated with recurrence of bacterial vaginosis among adolescents attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a common infection and has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease (pid), and acquisition of hiv. there are limited data on recurrent bv in adolescents. a relationship between the frequency of bv recurrence and specific risk factors might shed light on the pathophysiology of bv and lead to targeted interventions. | 2007 | 17673134 |
| [special features of chronic cystitis with leukoplasional changes of a mucous environment women's urinary bladder]. | 2007 | 17726981 | |
| the association between trichomonas vaginalis infection and level of vaginal lactobacilli, in nonpregnant women. | the effect that vaginal lactobacilli have on trichomoniasis is not known. at 3 clinics for treatment of sexually transmitted disease, we recruited 521 female patients with trichomoniasis and 176 control subjects. all participants underwent physical examinations and testing for sexually transmitted infection and completed questionnaires. low levels of vaginal lactobacilli were associated with trichomoniasis (odds ratio [or], 2.2 [95% confidence interval {ci}, 1.4-3.2]). after adjustment for covar ... | 2007 | 17763335 |
| [investigation of trichomonas vaginalis through different methodologies during pregnancy]. | the aim of this study was to conduct a survey regarding the prevalence of trichomoniasis in pregnant patients and to evaluate the utility of different diagnostic methods. two hundred and twenty three vaginal swab specimens from pregnant women were prospectively examined. trichomonas vaginalis was investigated by various microscopic examinations, solid culture medium and liquid culture medium. the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy were evaluated by considering both culture media as the "g ... | 2007 | 17702256 |
| a bacterial ecto-triphosphate diphosphohydrolase similar to human cd39 is essential for intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila. | as part of its pathogenesis, legionella pneumophila persists within human alveolar macrophages in non-acidified organelles that do not mature into phagolysosomes. two l. pneumophila genes, lpg0971 and lpg1905, are predicted to encode ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (ecto-ntpdases) that share sequence similarity with human cd39/ntpdase1. the predicted products possess five apyrase conserved domains that are typical of eukaryotic ecto-ntpdases. in this study, we found that an lpg1 ... | 2007 | 17388784 |
| dolichol-linked oligosaccharide selection by the oligosaccharyltransferase in protist and fungal organisms. | the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide glc3man9glcnac2-pp-dol is the in vivo donor substrate synthesized by most eukaryotes for asparagine-linked glycosylation. however, many protist organisms assemble dolichol-linked oligosaccharides that lack glucose residues. we have compared donor substrate utilization by the oligosaccharyltransferase (ost) from trypanosoma cruzi, entamoeba histolytica, trichomonas vaginalis, cryptococcus neoformans, and saccharomyces cerevisiae using structurally homogeneous d ... | 2007 | 17403929 |
| identification of a new protein in the centrosome-like "atractophore" of trichomonas vaginalis. | the human parasite trichomonas vaginalis has specific structural bodies, atractophores, associated at one end to the kinetosomes and at the other to the spindle during division. a monoclonal antibody specific for a component of this structure was obtained. it recognizes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 477 kda. sequence analysis of this protein shows that p477 belongs to the family of large coiled-coil proteins, sharing a highly versatile protein folding motif adaptable to many biolo ... | 2007 | 17418436 |
| cysteine proteinase 30 in clinical isolates of t. vaginalis from symptomatic and asymptomatic infected women. | a cysteine proteinase of 30 kda (cp30) of trichomonas vaginalis, is known to play a role in cytoadherence of the parasite to host cells. however, the cp30 activity in clinical isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients has not been analyzed. in the present study, cp30 was detected in 20 fresh and long-term culture maintained t. vaginalis isolates each from symptomatic and asymptomatic women by substrate gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. though cp30 was detected in all the fresh is ... | 2007 | 17420015 |
| prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women in delhi, india. | bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among women in reproductive age. surveillance studies on bacterial vaginosis are mostly based on specialist clinic settings. as few population-based prevalence surveys of bacterial vaginosis have been conducted, we studied the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the urban and rural communities in delhi, and to associate the presence of bacterial vaginosis with demographic profile, risk factors and presence of other reproductive t ... | 2007 | 17431287 |
| urinary symptoms in adolescent females: sti or uti? | to determine if urinary symptoms or urinary tract infections (uti) were associated with sexually transmitted infections (sti) and which history, clinical, and laboratory findings could distinguish these infections in symptomatic women. | 2007 | 17448399 |
| [human pulmonary trichomonoses]. | colonization of human lungs by various trichomonas species is a frequent occurrence, but is unknown to most physicians. at this site of infection, the parasite develops into an amoeboid form that renders it unrecognizable. for this reason it has been overlooked until recently. morphological identification is not feasible under these conditions and molecular tools provide the only means of identification. the species involved are not restricted to trichomonas tenax, a saprophyte of the mouth that ... | 2007 | 17449372 |
| sexually transmitted infections in preadolescent children. | pediatric nurse practitioners may be called on to conduct an assessment for sexual abuse of a young child. depending on the type of sexual contact, a decision may have to be made to obtain cultures for sexually transmitted infections (stis). recognizing the symptoms of stis in preadolescent children, along with having knowledge of the modes of transmission, diagnostics, and treatment, are part of the clinical decision. the impact of sti in preadolescent children has physical and emotional conseq ... | 2007 | 17478304 |
| association between bacterial vaginosis and herpes simplex virus type-2 infection: implications for hiv acquisition studies. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) and herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) have been linked to an increased risk of hiv-1 acquisition. recent research suggests an association between bv and hsv-2 acquisition, but the converse has not been studied. here, we investigate whether an association exists between bv and hsv-2 infection | 2007 | 17493979 |
| a simple and rapid method for cryopreservation of trichomonas vaginalis. | a pellet freezing method, one type of rapid freezing protocol, was established for trichomonas vaginalis. as cryoprotectants, 5-20% dimethylsulfoxide (dmso), ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol were used. of these, dmso showed a high protective effect, with a maximum effect at a concentration of 20%. no effect of equilibration time was recognized with any of the cryoprotectants. therefore, the optimal condition was deemed 20% dmso without equilibration. the pellet freezing method was ... | 2007 | 17497230 |
| identification of novel risks for nonulcerative sexually transmitted infections among young men in kisumu, kenya. | sti prevention interventions often aim to reduce hiv incidence. understanding sti risks may lead to more effective hiv prevention. | 2007 | 17507834 |
| personal, relational, and peer-level risk factors for laboratory confirmed std prevalence among low-income african american adolescent females. | to identify risk factors for laboratory confirmed sexually transmitted disease (std) prevalence among low-income african american adolescent females living in a high-risk urban area of the southern united states. | 2007 | 17507835 |
| reproductive tract infections among women attending a gynecology outpatient department in vientiane, lao pdr. | objectives and goal: to clinically and microbiologically identify reproductive tract infections (rti), including sexually transmitted infections (sti), and to monitor the antibiotic susceptibility of neisseria gonorrhoeae among women attending a gynecology outpatient department in vientiane, laos. | 2007 | 17507837 |
| reply to: microscopy and culture for trichomonas vaginalis: are both required? | 2007 | 17362561 | |
| the effect of second-trimester antibiotic therapy on the rate of preterm birth. | as many as 50% of spontaneous preterm births are infection-related, with mycoplasma species being the most common microbial isolates from the amniotic cavity. the goal of our study was to evaluate the effect of macrolides, a specific group of antibiotics known to be effective against mycoplasma species, on the rate of preterm births. | 2007 | 17346476 |
| management of women with cervicitis. | in the past several years, the collective understanding of cervicitis has extended beyond the recognition of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae as the prime etiologic suspects. trichomonas vaginalis and herpes simplex virus cause cervicitis, and both mycoplasma genitalium and bacterial vaginosis have emerged as new candidate etiologic agents or conditions. however, major gaps in our knowledge of this common condition remain. putative etiologic agents have not been identified in many ... | 2007 | 17342663 |
| trichomoniasis: challenges to appropriate management. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is a common cause of vaginal irritation in women and is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in the world. it has been associated with serious sequelae, the most notable of which are prematurity, low birth weight, and increases in human immunodeficiency virus transmission. we review advances in diagnosis and treatment and the current controversies regarding management. | 2007 | 17342665 |
| draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. | we describe the genome sequence of the protist trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted human pathogen. repeats and transposable elements comprise about two-thirds of the approximately 160-megabase genome, reflecting a recent massive expansion of genetic material. this expansion, in conjunction with the shaping of metabolic pathways that likely transpired through lateral gene transfer from bacteria, and amplification of specific gene families implicated in pathogenesis and phagocytosis of h ... | 2007 | 17218520 |
| current therapeutics, their problems, and sulfur-containing-amino-acid metabolism as a novel target against infections by "amitochondriate" protozoan parasites. | the "amitochondriate" protozoan parasites of humans entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, and trichomonas vaginalis share many biochemical features, e.g., energy and amino acid metabolism, a spectrum of drugs for their treatment, and the occurrence of drug resistance. these parasites possess metabolic pathways that are divergent from those of their mammalian hosts and are often considered to be good targets for drug development. sulfur-containing-amino-acid metabolism represents one such ... | 2007 | 17223627 |
| inhibition and structure of trichomonas vaginalis purine nucleoside phosphorylase with picomolar transition state analogues. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan purine auxotroph possessing a unique purine salvage pathway consisting of a bacterial type purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnp) and a purine nucleoside kinase. thus, t. vaginalis pnp (tvpnp) functions in the reverse direction relative to the pnps in other organisms. immucillin-a (imma) and dadme-immucillin-a (dadme-imma) are transition state mimics of adenosine with geometric and electrostatic features that resemble early and late transition states ... | 2007 | 17223688 |
| host immune consequences of asymptomatic trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnancy. | the purpose of this study was to define the impact of asymptomatic trichomoniasis on lower genital tract neutrophil activation in pregnancy. | 2007 | 17240235 |
| kinetics of serum and local cytokine profile in experimental intravaginal trichomoniasis induced with trichomonas vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women. | trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease, is caused by infection with the protist trichomonas vaginalis. the clinical spectrum varies from an asymptomatic to a severe symptomatic state. however, the exact factors leading to varied symptomatology have not been well elucidated. the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of many microbial diseases has been reported. the present study reports the cytokine levels (il-2, il-4, ifn-gamma) on different days post infection (3 ... | 2007 | 17241398 |
| infection with trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of hiv-1 acquisition. | we conducted a prospective study among women in mombasa, kenya, to determine whether trichomonas vaginalis infection was associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. at monthly follow-up visits, laboratory screening for hiv-1 and genital tract infections was conducted. among 1335 hiv-1-seronegative women monitored for a median of 566 days, there were 806 incident t. vaginalis infections (23.6/100 person-years), and 265 women seroconverted to hiv-1 ( ... | 2007 | 17262712 |
| antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide inhibits the pyruvate oxidoreductases of helicobacter pylori, selected anaerobic bacteria and parasites, and campylobacter jejuni. | nitazoxanide (ntz) exhibits broad-spectrum activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites and the ulcer-causing pathogen helicobacter pylori. here we show that ntz is a noncompetitive inhibitor (k(i), 2 to 10 microm) of the pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductases (pfors) of trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens, h. pylori, and campylobacter jejuni and is weakly active against the pyruvate dehydrogenase of esch ... | 2007 | 17158936 |
| mitochondrial steps of arginine biosynthesis are conserved in the hydrogenosomes of the chytridiomycete neocallimastix frontalis. | arginine biosynthesis in eukaryotes is divided between the mitochondria and the cytosol. the anaerobic chytridiomycete neocallimastix frontalis contains highly reduced, anaerobic modifications of mitochondria, the hydrogenosomes. hydrogenosomes also occur in the microaerophilic flagellate trichomonas vaginalis, which does not produce arginine but uses one of the mitochondrial enzymes, ornithine transcarbamoylase, in a cytosolic arginine dihydrolase pathway for atp generation. est sequencing and ... | 2007 | 17300518 |