Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| primary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a randomized trial comparing cotrimoxazole, aerosolized pentamidine and dapsone plus pyrimethamine. | to compare the efficacy and tolerance of monthly aerosolized pentamidine versus cotrimoxazole versus dapsone plus pyrimethamine to prevent the initial episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients. | 1993 | 8442918 |
| diagnosis of perirectal pneumocystis carinii infection by direct immunofluorescence. | 1993 | 8443322 | |
| rational approach to the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) | 1993 | 8444287 | |
| cost effectiveness of the induced sputum technique for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients. | the purpose of this study was to assess: 1) the percentage of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) but unable to undergo the induced sputum procedure, together with the reasons involved; 2) the sensitivity and specificity of induced sputum procedure, using conventional stains and an immunofluorescence test; and 3) the cost of introducing induced sputum procedure for the diagnosis of pcp. one hundred and thirty eight hiv-infected ... | 1993 | 8444297 |
| comparing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylactic regimens. | 1993 | 8447720 | |
| infections in human liver recipients: different patterns early and late after transplantation. | the first 49 consecutive patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation between 1984 and 1989 in our department were studied with regard to symptomatic and asymptomatic post-transplantation infections. the major infections carrying a risk of fatal outcome are presented. during the first 4 weeks, fungal and bacterial infections predominated, the percentages of patients affected being 27% and 35%, respectively. eight patients (17%) suffered from bacterial septicemia, which in six cases wa ... | 1993 | 8447929 |
| hepatic and pulmonary pneumocystosis during primary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with dapsone/pyrimethamine. | 1993 | 8448298 | |
| intramuscular pentamidine for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 96 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who received intramuscular pentamidine for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). these patients, all of whom had either a history of pcp or a cd4 lymphocyte count of < or = 0.2 x 10(9)/l, were intolerant of sulfa drugs, neutropenic, or intolerant of aerosolized treatment. intramuscular pentamidine was given monthly by the z-track technique at a dosage of 300 mg (4 mg/kg if the ... | 1993 | 8448314 |
| persistent bronchopleural fistulae in an aids patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. successful treatment with chemical pleurodesis. | 1993 | 8449119 | |
| multiple genes encode the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | the major surface antigen of pneumocystis carinii, a life-threatening opportunistic pathogen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, is an abundant glycoprotein that functions in host-organism interactions. a monoclonal antibody to this antigen is protective in animals, and thus this antigen is a good candidate for development as a vaccine to prevent or control p. carinii infection. we have cloned and sequenced seven related but unique genes encoding the major surface glycoprotein of ... | 1993 | 8449961 |
| atovaquone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8450807 | |
| pneumocystis carinii organisms obtained from rats, ferrets, and mice are antigenically different. | pneumocystis carinii infections were developed in animals immunosuppressed by dexamethasone treatment either from activation of latent infection (ferret) or by transtracheal inoculation with p. carinii-infected lung tissue from the homologous species (rat or mouse). convalescent-phase antisera were obtained by stopping dexamethasone treatment after 2 to 4 weeks and allowing animals 5 to 8 weeks for recovery. p. carinii harvests from infected lungs were purified by differential filtration, solubi ... | 1993 | 8454333 |
| exacerbation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunodeficient (scid) mice by concurrent infection with a pneumovirus. | scid mice naturally infected with pneumocystis carinii and inoculated with a normally apathogenic pneumovirus had significantly higher p. carinii cyst counts and developed significantly more severe p. carinii-related disease than did sham-inoculated, p. carinii-infected scid mice. p. carinii-free, virus-infected scid mice survived for 2 months despite high pulmonary virus titers. these results show that a respiratory virus infection can exacerbate p. carinii disease in an immunocompromised-roden ... | 1993 | 8454368 |
| pathologic quiz case 2. pneumocystis carinii infection of the external auditory canal. | 1993 | 8457312 | |
| use of the uv paralens adapter as an alternative to conventional fluorescence microscopy for detection of pneumocystis carinii in direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody-stained pulmonary specimens. | the uv paralens light microscope adapter offers a useful and cost-effective alternative to conventional fluorescence microscopy for pneumocystis carinii identification, particularly in aids patients. in a blinded study, in which 153 pulmonary specimens were examined for p. carinii by direct immunofluorescence, 40 of 42 specimens positive by fluorescence microscopy were also positive by paralens. no false positives were observed. | 1993 | 8458971 |
| quantitative and qualitative comparison of dna amplification by pcr with immunofluorescence staining for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to compare the results of dna amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with immunofluorescence staining for detecting pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens taken from symptomatic hiv seropositive patients with suspected p carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1993 | 8459034 |
| lethal exacerbation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in severe combined immunodeficiency mice after infection by pneumonia virus of mice. | mice homozygous for the mutant allele scid (severe combined immunodeficiency) have been described as excellent models for pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia (pcp), a major health problem in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and other immunodeficiency states. other microorganisms have been shown to infect aids patients simultaneously with pc, but whether one opportunist is able to directly influence the pathogenicity of another has not been determined previously. we have d ... | 1993 | 8459214 |
| multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of 12 milligrams of trimethoprim and 60 milligrams of sulfamethoxazole per kilogram of body weight per day in healthy volunteers. | the disposition of 12 mg of trimethoprim and 60 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kg of body weight in six healthy male volunteers is described. the daily dose was evenly divided and administered orally every 6 h for 13 consecutive doses. individual drug components were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. steady-state concentrations in serum for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were within the purported therapeutic ranges for treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. co-trimoxazole was w ... | 1993 | 8460913 |
| protein s deficiency in men with long-term human immunodeficiency virus infection. | decreases in protein s levels have recently been reported in some human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. to examine predisposing factors, 25 men randomly selected from a long-term study of hiv-infected patients were studied. the minimum mean duration of hiv seropositivity in this group was 106.6 months (range 15 to 143 months). no patients were anticoagulated at the time of the study. three of the 25 randomly selected patients gave a history of thrombosis, in each instance occurri ... | 1993 | 8461466 |
| the challenge of pneumocystis carinii culture. | published and unpublished data on the cultivation of p. carinii were reviewed by a panel of investigators convened by the national institutes of health. although several cell culture systems allow propagation of p. carinii for a limited time with modest rates of replication, these have not proved adequate for isolation of p. carinii in sufficient quantity to explore important basic biological investigation. attempts at cell-free culture have yielded only transient proliferation. because much of ... | 1993 | 8461892 |
| electrophoretic detection of chitinase isoenzymes using the phastsystem. | zymographic assays are described for the detection of chitinase isoenzymes following isoelectric focusing. method 1 used a polyacrylamide overlay gel containing glycol chitin. following hydrolysis, visualisation of isoenzymes was achieved by fluorescent counter-staining of the gel with fluorescent brightener 28. method 2 used a cellulose acetate membrane overlay which incorporates 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates, hydrolysis of which released a fluorescent product (4-methylumbelliferone). the pis ... | 1993 | 8462510 |
| preliminary crystallographic data for pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | dihydrofolate reductase from pneumocystis carinii has been crystallized in a form suitable for high resolution x-ray diffraction studies. recombinant enzyme that had been refolded following solubilization in guanidinium hydrochloride was crystallized as both a ternary complex with the cofactor nadph and the inhibitor trimethoprim as well as a binary complex with nadph. the two types of complex crystallized isomorphously from polyethylene glycol using sitting-drop vapour diffusion. the crystals w ... | 1993 | 8464076 |
| [pulmonary cavitations caused by pneumocystis carinii in an hiv+ patient]. | 1993 | 8465035 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and tuberculosis in tanzanian patients infected with hiv. | between august and december 1991 in tanzania, a study to determine the prevalence of pneumocystis carinii and of tuberculosis occurred among 83 18-38 year old hiv seropositive people living in the rural area of malenga makali in iringa district. the adults had difficulty breathing, cough, fever of at least 2 weeks duration, or overt pneumonia. 3.6% of the sputum samples were confirmed positive for p. carinii. 38.5% of preparations and 13.2% of cultures tested positive for mycobacterium tuberc ... | 1993 | 8465396 |
| the treatment-free incubation period of aids in a cohort of homosexual men. | the treatment-free incubation period distribution was estimated from data obtained from a cohort of homo/bisexual men in amsterdam. | 1993 | 8466686 |
| recognition of pneumocystis carinii in foals with respiratory distress. | five 3-month-old foals presenting with fever and respiratory disease were found to have pulmonary abscesses with patchy to diffuse alveolar and interstitial pneumonia on post-mortem examination. all affected foals had evidence of rhodococcus equi infection and had few to abundant pneumocystis carinii cysts in the sections of affected lung. of the 5 foals examined radiographically, 3 had a distinct reticulonodular (miliary) pattern which may aid in the ante-mortem diagnosis of p. carinii pneumoni ... | 1993 | 8467767 |
| comparative study of the isolation of human immunodeficiency virus from the lung and peripheral blood of aids patients. | hiv-1 proviral dna was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in leucocytes from the peripheral blood (pbl) and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) of 100% and 72%, respectively, of hiv-1 seropositive patients. infective virus isolated by cocultivation was recovered from the pbl and bal of 50% and 59% of individuals, respectively. isolation of hiv-1 was more readily made from the lung of individuals undergoing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) than from patients with non-pcp lung infections ... | 1993 | 8468563 |
| in situ hybridization analysis of developmental stages of pneumocystis carinii that are transcriptionally active for a major surface glycoprotein gene. | an abundant glycoprotein on the surface of pneumocystis carinii, termed gpa or gp120, is thought to play a role in the interaction of this opportunistic pathogen with its host. using rna:rna hybridization techniques, the in situ expression of gpa mrna in developmental forms of the organism was investigated in a ferret model of p. carinii pneumonia. the results suggested that the relative abundance of gpa-specific mrna was variable in different developmental stages of ferret p. carinii. p. carini ... | 1993 | 8469111 |
| a 55 kda antigen of pneumocystis carinii: analysis of the cellular immune response and characterization of the gene. | rat-derived pneumocystis carinii contains a major antigen complex of 45-55 kda. the fusion protein of a cdna encoding the 3' portion of the 55kda antigen, which had previously been shown to be recognized by serum antibodies of exposed subjects, was investigated for its ability to stimulate a cellular immune response. rats exposed to p. carinii via the environment exhibited a vigorous proliferative response to the antigen whereas unexposed rats did not. the full-length cdna for a 55kda antigen wa ... | 1993 | 8469116 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with corticosteroids. | today, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is typically associated with aids. however, in the pre-aids era, pcp was known to be associated with various immunodeficiency states, malignancies, and immunosuppressive therapy, particularly the use of corticosteroids. pcp has been reported to occur during immuno-suppressive therapy of some chronic inflammatory states, but it has never been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. we report two patients with ulcerative colitis who develop ... | 1993 | 8470640 |
| utility of dapsone for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-intolerant, hiv-infected individuals. | to determine the safety and efficacy of 100 mg dapsone three times weekly for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in hiv-infected, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx)-intolerant patients. | 1993 | 8471198 |
| the relative efficacy of oral dapsone and nebulized pentamidine as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8471213 | |
| a phase 1 study of adoptive transfer of autologous cd8+ t lymphocytes in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related complex or aids. | based on preclinical studies showing that cd8+ t lymphocytes of human immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv)-infected subjects have anti-hiv activities, a phase 1 study was undertaken to determine the safety and feasibility of infusing in vitro purified, activated, and expanded cd8+ cells as a therapeutic measure in seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related complex (arc) or aids. autologous cd8+ cells were first selectively isolated in monoclonal antibody-coated flasks from ... | 1993 | 8471768 |
| a novel variety of atypical pneumocystis carinii infection after long-term prophylactic pentamidine inhalation in an aids patient: large lower lobe pneumocystoma. | atypical pulmonary manifestations of pneumocystis carinii infection and fair numbers of extrapulmonary and disseminated infections have lately been documented in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection treated prophylactically with inhalative pentamidine. we report the case of a 32-year-old homosexual patient who was assessed for complaints of night sweats, weight loss, and progressive malaise. the patient denied any respiratory tract symptoms such as cough, sputum production, pleur ... | 1993 | 8471817 |
| chronic pentamidine aerosol prophylaxis does not induce qt prolongation. | intravenous administration of pentamidine is known to cause long-qt syndrome (torsade de pointes tachycardias and large qt prolongation) in rare cases and to cause small qt prolongation regularly. a similar pattern is seen with other drugs known to cause a long-qt syndrome. pentamidine aerosol prophylaxis is commonly used to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected persons. the goal of this study was to clarify whether pentamidine aerosol prophylaxis induces qt prolongation. we exa ... | 1993 | 8471819 |
| outcome of adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in auckland 1983-9. | to assess the survival of auckland residents diagnosed with aids between 1983 and 1989. | 1993 | 8474724 |
| pneumothorax in aids patients: operative management. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is a devastating disease. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major clinical manifestation of aids. a 2-year experience with eight operations for pcp-associated pneumothorax in seven aids patients was reviewed. initial treatment was tube thoracostomy in all cases. operation was performed because of inability to expand the lung and/or persistent air-leak. time from insertion of the initial chest tube to operation was 9-66 days (mean, 33 days). pulmo ... | 1993 | 8476161 |
| pathogenesis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8476628 | |
| alveolar macrophage release of tumor necrosis factor during murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), a proinflammatory cytokine produced principally by mononuclear cells, is released in response to a variety of pulmonary pathogens. we hypothesized that release of tnf in the lung is a normal part of the host response to intratracheal challenge with pneumocystis carinii. to test this hypothesis, we measured tnf in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) in normal and cd4-depleted mice at various intervals in acute and chronically infected animals. to assess th ... | 1993 | 8476631 |
| the role of aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most frequent opportunistic infection in patients with aids, occurring in 80% and recurring in 50% of patients within 12 months of the first episode. prophylaxis for pcp is recommended if the cd4+ cell count is < 200 x 10(6)/l or 20% of the total lymphocyte count, or after an episode of pcp. the most effective prophylactic agent currently is trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and should be the drug of choice but alternatives such as aerosol pentamidine are ... | 1993 | 8476968 |
| role of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of infectious diseases. | the role of glucocorticosteroids in the management of infectious diseases in man remains controversial, although experimental data obtained both in in vitro systems and in experimental infections in animals provide evidence of a beneficial effect of such treatment. their use in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumoniae and severe typhoid fever seems indicated. a beneficial effect on the treatment of bacterial meningitis needs to be confirmed. sufficient data are now available that argue a ... | 1993 | 8477768 |
| single and combined humoral and cell-mediated immunotherapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunodeficient scid mice. | homozygous mutant scid/scid (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice (referred to as scid mice) lack both specific humoral and cell-mediated immune functions and are exemplary in vivo models for analysis of host-parasite relationships. in our colony, scid mice routinely and predictably develop spontaneous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) with high morbidity. previous studies have identified both t cells (specifically, cd4+ cells) and antibody as independent mechanisms of effective anti-p. car ... | 1993 | 8478052 |
| [levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and its isozymes with relation to clinical features of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients]. | the clinical courses of 9 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were followed to investigate the clinical significance of the measurement of various parameters such as serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). the mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 20 days, and the median duration of therapy was 29.5 days. serum ldh activity increased in 8 of 9 cases. the isozyme pattern in all cases was characterized by high ldh3 values ... | 1993 | 8479080 |
| pulmonary complications of orthotopic liver transplantation. | we retrospectively reviewed the pulmonary complications and associated morbidity and mortality of 44 consecutive patients who underwent 52 orthotopic liver transplantations (olts) at the mayo clinic during 1987. all survivors participated in follow-up for 1 year after olt. of the five deaths in the study group, three were associated with pulmonary infections. on postoperative chest roentgenograms, 24 cases of pulmonary infiltrates were noted; 12 were caused by infections. ten opportunistic pulmo ... | 1993 | 8479205 |
| dapsone-pyrimethamine compared with aerosolized pentamidine as primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in hiv infection. the prio study group. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis are frequent life-threatening opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. primary prophylaxis against p. carinii pneumonia is now common, but there are few data on regimens for primary prophylaxis against toxoplasmosis. | 1993 | 8479488 |
| comparison of atovaquone (566c80) with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | both trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine are effective as treatments for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but adverse effects frequently limit their use. atovaquone (566c80) is a new hydroxynaphthoquinone with activity against p. carinii. | 1993 | 8479489 |
| pleural effusions in hospitalized patients with aids. | to determine the incidence, cause, and characteristics of pleural effusions in hospitalized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1993 | 8480960 |
| pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection in a low seroprevalence area. | although increasing information is available regarding human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections of children in high seroprevalence areas, few data are available describing trends in low seroprevalence populations. in san diego county approximately 1 in 1450 live births are to women infected with hiv as identified by nonlinked heel stick testing. seventy-seven hiv-infected children were identified and followed in our clinics during the period 1983 to 1991, of whom 32 (42%) were infected peri ... | 1993 | 8483625 |
| differential lobe lavage for diagnosis of acute pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients receiving prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine therapy. | the diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus has been reported to be 95 percent, but falls to 62 percent in patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine. because aerosolized pentamidine appears to be preferentially deposited in the middle and lower lobes, we postulated that an upper lobe lavage would have a higher diagnostic yield than the standard middle/lower lobe lavage in patients receiving ... | 1993 | 8486037 |
| geographic variation in the humoral response to pneumocystis carinii. | the reported incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia varies in different areas of the world, but little is known about geographic variation in the antibody response to specific antigens. the frequency of anti-p. carinii antibodies in the serum of normal and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals from five different regions was compared. serum specimens from 948 subjects were assayed for igg antibodies to human-derived p. carinii by western blot. the overall prevalence of ant ... | 1993 | 8486964 |
| pneumocystis carinii and helminth parasitism in shrews sorex araneus and sorex caecutiens. | the prevalence of pneumocystis carinii was compared in two species of shrews, sorex araneus and sorex caecutiens in finnish lapland. the overall prevalence of p. carinii in s. araneus was 70% and in s. caecutiens was 17%. the prevalence for s. araneus is the highest reported for wild animals. the interspecific differences in prevalence were significant for all sex and age groups except for adult males. based on multiway contingency tables (log-linear models), there was no dependence between sex ... | 1993 | 8487377 |
| lack of effect of prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine on the detection of pneumocystis carinii in induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. | two independent studies were undertaken to determine the effect of prophylactic treatment with aerosolized pentamidine on the laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in individuals at risk for or with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the first study was a retrospective analysis to determine the effect of prophylactic treatment with aerosolized pentamidine on the diagnostic yield and sensitivity of detection of p carinii in induced sputum specimens. the results of examinatio ... | 1993 | 8489338 |
| anergic disseminated toxoplasmosis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | cerebral toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of focal brain disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a 24-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-infected woman with two previous episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presented with diarrhea and fever. despite antibiotic treatment, septic shock developed, and she died 3 weeks after the symptoms began. histologic and histochemical studies revealed an anergic toxoplasmosis with dissemination in all examined organs. the ... | 1993 | 8489347 |
| atovaquone to be marketed as oral therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8491073 | |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-like illness associated with systemic mycoplasma fermentans infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative homosexual man. | a 35-year-old homosexual man developed a composite nodal kaposi's sarcoma and peripheral t-cell lymphoma that were associated with a peripheral blood cd4-positive lymphocyte count of only 43/mm3. the patient subsequently developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis and eventually died due to disseminated cryptococcus neoformans. numerous premortem tests for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2 were negative by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, viral i ... | 1993 | 8491493 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in heart transplant recipients. | seven cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) (two in 1988, three in 1989, one in 1990 and one in 1991) have been observed in a group of 241 heart transplant recipients transplanted in pavia, italy, from november 1985 through december 1991. median time to onset of symptoms was 100 days after transplantation (range 59-333 days). diagnosis was achieved in all patients by cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid and/or transbronchial biopsy. clinical and roentgenographic ... | 1993 | 8491524 |
| [extrapulmonary and disseminated pneumocystosis in hiv infection]. | three cases of extrapulmonary disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection are reported. all 3 patients had hiv infection with less than 50 cd4 lymphocytes per cubic millimeter and were having aerosols of pentamidine as prophylactic treatment of pneumocystosis. p. carinii may invade numerous organs and in particular the liver, spleen and bone marrow. extrapulmonary lesions, often pan-symptomatic, are to be feared in deeply immunodepressed patients receiving prophylactic aerosols of pentamidine. i ... | 1993 | 8493227 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a term newborn infant with a transiently depressed t lymphocyte count, primarily of cells carrying the cd4 antigen. | a term infant without infection by human immunodeficiency virus had pneumocystis pneumonia at 17 days of life. initial counts of t lymphocytes carrying the cd4 antigen were approximately 50% of the lower limits of normal; later the counts of t lymphocytes carrying the cd3 and cd8 antigens decreased as well. by 7 weeks after resolution of the pneumonia, cd3+, cd4+ and cd8+ cell counts had returned to normal. these observations suggest that a primary transient deficiency of t cell production or ma ... | 1993 | 8496763 |
| differences between men and women with hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: experience from 3,070 cases in new york city in 1987. | although women make up the fastest growing group of persons with aids, studies of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons reported to date have included predominantly or exclusively men. we evaluated sex differences in sociodemographic characteristics, hospital characteristics, in-hospital resource use, and short-term mortality rates for 2,526 men and 544 women admitted for their first-episode of hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in new york city in 1987. compared with ... | 1993 | 8496791 |
| pediatric hiv infection in its second decade--the changing pattern of lung involvement. clinical, plain film, and computed tomographic findings. | the changing pattern of pediatric hiv infection is illustrated in this article with plain films and computed tomographic scans. today, vertical transmission from infected mothers results in hiv infection of exposed infants in about one third of pregnancies. although the high mortality with catastrophic illnesses such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia seen in early life appears to be decreasing, chronic illness with pulmonary involvement due to diffuse lymphocytic infiltrative syndromes continues ... | 1993 | 8497584 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with weekly methotrexate: cumulative dose of methotrexate and low cd4 cell count may predict this complication. | 1993 | 8497686 | |
| changing patterns of respiratory disease in hiv positive patients in a referral centre in the united kingdom between 1986-7 and 1990-1. | respiratory illness is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). it has been suggested that pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is no longer the most frequent cause of respiratory disease in this group because of widespread use of prophylaxis and anti-retroviral drugs. | 1993 | 8497816 |
| lung deposition of nebulised pentamidine in children. | nebulised pentamidine is effective for preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the nebuliser dose required to produce equivalent lung concentrations of pentamidine in children is unknown. this study was performed to measure pulmonary pentamidine deposition in children and to relate this to age, ventilation pattern, and body size. | 1993 | 8497819 |
| tumefactive pneumocystis carinii infection in aids: report of three cases. | 1993 | 8498213 | |
| antibody response to a major human pneumocystis carinii surface antigen in patients without evidence of immunosuppression and in patients with suspected atypical pneumonia. | igg and igm antibodies to a purified human pneumocystis carinii surface antigen (gp95) were measured in 694 serum specimens from two different population groups using an eia technique. in a population of 441 patients with no evidence of immunosuppression, the percentage of persons positive for igg antibodies to gp95 was significantly lower in the age group 1 to 9 years (30%, 23/77) compared to persons 10 to 19 years old (56%, 49/88). in the age group 1 to 14 years there was a significant correla ... | 1993 | 8500476 |
| hiv infection in older patients: when to suspect the unexpected. | the number of aids patients over age 60 has risen steadily in the past decade. the number of transfusion-acquired aids cases probably has peaked--or will soon peak. homosexual (or bisexual) behavior remains the predominant risk factor for aids until the seventh decade. disease progression appears to be more rapid in the elderly, although the observed shorter survival time may result from a delay in diagnosis. symptoms of hiv infection are often nonspecific, such as fatigue, anorexia, weight loss ... | 1993 | 8500775 |
| evidence for two genetic variants of pneumocystis carinii coinfecting laboratory rats. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an oftentimes fatal infection for hosts in an immunocompromised state. the disease occurs in a wide variety of mammals, but the etiologic agent of this disease has been referred to as p. carinii regardless of the host species. however, even within a single host species, such as laboratory rats, distinct varieties of p. carinii have been identified from differences in the electrophoretic migration of chromosomes in agarose gels. here we present evidence indicatin ... | 1993 | 8501222 |
| clofazimine as prophylaxis for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids. | a randomized, prospective, open-label, treatment versus no treatment community-based clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of clofazimine as prophylaxis for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease. subjects were 110 patients with a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 2-4 months before enrollment or cd4 lymphocyte counts < or = 100/mm3; they were randomized to receive 50 mg of clofa ... | 1993 | 8501340 |
| an improved method for the prolonged maintenance of pneumocystis carinii in vitro. | a culture system for rat-derived pneumocystis carinii was developed that allows the long-term maintenance of viable organisms in vitro. organisms were derived from the lungs of immunosuppressed rats infected with p. carinii. p. carinii was maintained in culture with human embryonal lung (hel) fibroblasts and eagle mem for up to 42 days. passage of organisms was done by reinoculation of infected hel cells with attached p. carinii onto a fresh monolayer of confluent cells. rats pretreated with tri ... | 1993 | 8501343 |
| the completeness of aids case reporting in new york city. | objective--to assess the completeness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) case reporting in new york city (nyc), and to determine whether the completeness of reporting differs in various populations. design--retrospective record review of hospital laboratory logs, death certificates, hospital discharge records, and patient registries at private physicians' offices and hospital outpatient clinics. setting--public and private hospitals, and private physicians' offices in nyc. patients--ad ... | 1993 | 8501841 |
| elevated ldh and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8503342 | |
| cost effectiveness of noninvasive oxygen saturation measurement during exercise for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we assessed (1) the sensitivity and specificity of exercise oxygen saturation measurement (eos) for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp); and (2) the cost of introducing this indirect diagnostic test compared with that of standard diagnostic strategies for pcp. in a prospective study, 85 hiv-infected patients with suspected pcp underwent eos, followed by induced sputum (is) and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) if is was negative for p. carinii. the prevalence of pcp was 0.22, the se ... | 1993 | 8503546 |
| pentamidine aerosol for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after bmt. | following bmt there is a 5-15% risk of interstitial pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii (pcp). cotrimoxazole is therefore administered prophylactically, but may cause myelodepression, allergic reactions and nephrotoxicity. as pcp prophylaxis with pentamidine aerosol is effective in patients with aids, we conducted a prospective trial with regular inhalations of pentamidine. the aim of this study was to evaluate toxicity, safety, practicability and possible resorption of aerosolized pentamid ... | 1993 | 8504275 |
| pharmacokinetic optimisation in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | several drugs and drug combinations are currently used in the treatment of patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp)--pentamidine and cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim plus sulphamethoxazole), which are indicated for this usage, dapsone/trimethoprim and clindamycin/primaquine, which are not licensed for pcp, and trimetrexate/calcium folinate (leucovorin), eflornithine and bw-566c (566 c80) as investigational drugs. for most of these agents, recommendations regarding the use of pharmacokinetic ... | 1993 | 8504623 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a population of hiv-positive drug users, with particular reference to sputum induction and fluorescent antibody techniques. | between june 1990 and may 1991, 200 sputum inductions were examined by a fluorescent antibody test (fat) for pneumocystis carinii (pc). a total of 164 specimens were negative, 36 were positive and a further 20 inductions were unsuccessful. all patients with a positive result, seven of whom had normal chest x-rays and blood gas analyses, were treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) with symptomatic response. two additional patients were diagnosed as pcp during the study period. no patien ... | 1993 | 8505560 |
| variation and in vitro splicing of group i introns in rrna genes of pneumocystis carinii. | the sequences of the rrna genes of pneumocystis carinii from rat and human sources demonstrate three distinct genotypes based on the group i introns present in these genes. one rat isolate (pc1) contains such introns in its 16s and 26s rrna genes, while another rat isolate (pc2) and a human isolate (pc3) only contain an intron in the 26s rrna gene. the four introns all catalyze their own excision from rna transcripts, and this reaction is inhibited by the anti-pneumocystis drug pentamidine and i ... | 1993 | 8506137 |
| thrice-weekly cotrimoxazole is better than weekly dapsone-pyrimethamine for the primary prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | to compare the efficacy and safety of two intermittent regimens for the simultaneous primary prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and toxoplasmosis in hiv-infected patients. | 1993 | 8507417 |
| glycosylation of the major human pneumocystis carinii surface antigen. | it has recently been shown that the major rat p. carinii surface antigen is important for initial host-organism attachment, possibly through binding to fibronectin, mannose-binding protein, or surfactant protein a. since a carbohydrate/lectin interaction may be involved in adhesion, we undertook this study to characterize the glycosylation of the major human p. carinii surface glycoprotein (gp95). we have used purified gp95 as a source of antigen, and in lectin binding and deglycosylation studie ... | 1993 | 8507456 |
| systemic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis with dapsone and pyrimethamine fails to protect against extrapulmonary pneumocystosis. | extrapulmonary pneumocystosis is a feature of severe immunosuppression which earlier reports have suggested is limited to patients receiving either no prophylaxis or aerosolised pentamidine. we report a case of disseminated pneumocystosis which developed in an hiv positive homosexual man despite systemic primary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. | 1993 | 8509094 |
| variability of reporting and lack of adherence to consensus guidelines in human t-lymphocyte immunophenotyping reports: results of a case series. | percentages and absolute counts of cd4+ lymphocytes, as determined by t-lymphocyte immunophenotyping (tli), are prognostic, as well as diagnostic, of the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections and are important indicators for initiating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy. in december 1990, we requested that a nonrandom sample of 17 laboratories provide us with typical reports of their tli results from an immunodeficient patient and from a pati ... | 1993 | 8509982 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction in comparison with immunofluorescence in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. | dna amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a promising method for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in immunosuppressed patients. the sensitivity and specificity of the pcr technique has been assessed in comparison with the immunofluorescence method (if) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf). results correlated in 43 (78.8%) of 52 cases studied. p. carinii pcr gave positive results with balf from all 32 patients found to have p. carinii pneumonia (pcp); if gave positive res ... | 1993 | 8510138 |
| unrecognized coccidioidomycosis complicating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and treated with corticosteroids. a report of two cases. | coccidioidomycosis is becoming increasingly recognized as an opportunistic infection among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. we treated two cases of concomitant coccidioidomycosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in each case, the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis was delayed despite appropriate examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. both patients were treated with antimicrobial therapy directed against p carinii and given adjuvant corticosteroid therapy. in both ca ... | 1993 | 8512440 |
| predictive value of bronchoalveolar lavage in excluding a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. | we assessed the negative predictive value of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) during prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. on the basis of the assumption that undiagnosed and untreated pcp would progress and become clinically apparent, for 3 months we prospectively followed 34 consecutive cases in which bal had not detected pcp. all patients were immunodeficient, had a symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection, and were evaluated for possible pcp ... | 1993 | 8513058 |
| [pleural effusions, a rare manifestation of infection from pneumocystis carinii]. | 1993 | 8513093 | |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnancy. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in women is an increasing problem. world wide, at least 25% of all infections occur in adolescent or adult women, most of whom are of child-bearing age. the commonest modes of acquisition of hiv infection are sexual contact with an hiv-infected male and sharing needles during injecting drug use. vertical transmission is the major route of hiv infection in infants and children and can occur in utero, intrapartum, through exposure to infected blood or s ... | 1993 | 8513646 |
| isolated cranial granuloma induced by pneumocystis carinii. | 1993 | 8514284 | |
| pneumocystis carinii is not universally transmissible between mammalian species. | in a series of five experiments, we attempted to transmit pneumocystis carinii from ferrets to scid mice by intratracheal inoculation. using highly specific and sensitive assay techniques, we could not document infection of scid mice by p. carinii isolated from ferrets. in contrast, under identical inoculation conditions, p. carinii was easily transmissible from one scid mouse to another. these results indicate that p. carinii organisms, at least those isolated from ferrets, have a restricted ho ... | 1993 | 8514391 |
| further evidence of host species-specific variation in antigens of pneumocystis carinii using the polymerase chain reaction. | to further elucidate the extent of variation among pneumocystis carinii obtained from different mammalian hosts, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of the genes encoding two antigens of p. carinii was done. using primers based on the ferret p. carinii glycoprotein (gp)a gene and the rat p. carinii 45- to 55-kda antigen gene, amplification was attempted with dna isolated from p. carinii-infected ferret, rat, mouse, and human lungs. for both genes, amplification was successful only with p. c ... | 1993 | 8515107 |
| gender differences in reported aids-indicative diagnoses. | to compare aids-defining conditions in women and men, us adult aids cases diagnosed between january 1988 and june 1991 and reported to the centers for disease control and prevention through june 1992 were examined. for most aids-defining conditions, the prevalence was similar for women and men when differences in race/ethnicity and mode of transmission were accounted for. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most prevalent condition (> 50%) regardless of gender, race/ethnicity, or mode of tran ... | 1993 | 8515133 |
| [anesthetic considerations in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | in the last few years many articles have been published on aids, the mechanism of transmission, prophylaxis and therapeutic possibilities; however, very few publications are available related with anesthesia of patients infected with hiv or aids. the authors have therefore undertaken this review in which following a brief description of the etiology, pathogenesis, physiopathology and treatment of the disease, the problems of anesthesia are specifically dealt with. the need for knowing the differ ... | 1993 | 8516524 |
| characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in brazil. | the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were studied in a tropical area of brazil. during an 18-month period (july 1989-january 1991), 111 consecutive aids patients (102 men and nine women) were evaluated. patients reported homosexual/bisexual activities (60%), intravenous drug use (19%), or both (6%), heterosexual activities (11%), blood transfusions (2%), and 2% belonged to an undetermined category. weight loss, fever, oral thrush, and di ... | 1993 | 8517487 |
| the hiv quality audit marker (hiv-qam): an outcome measure for hospitalized aids patients. | the development and validation of the hiv-quality audit marker (hiv-qam), an instrument designed to measure changes in the status of hospitalized aids patients due to nursing care, is reported. the hiv-qam is designed to capture the nurse data-collector's judgment of the status of the patient based upon observations, interviews, record reviews, and listening to inter-shift report. the final version of the 10 item hiv-qam includes three scales, self-care (six items; cronbach's alpha = 0.89), ambu ... | 1993 | 8518770 |
| pneumocystis carinii infections in hiv-infected hemophiliacs during aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. | the frequency, presentation, diagnosis and clinical course of pneumocystis carinii infections (pci) were studied during aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis (ap) and its impact on the spectrum of aids-related and other pulmonary infections in hiv-infected hemophiliacs. we conducted an open study on primary (pp) and secondary (sp) ap. breakthrough p. carinii infections (bpci) and other infectious complications were analyzed retrospectively. hemophiliacs without prior p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) who ... | 1993 | 8210724 |
| [prevalence of antibodies to pneumocystis carinii in subjects with high risk behavior for aids]. | p. carinii pneumonia affects more than 80% of patients with aids in developed countries. in mexico this complication has been described in 12 to 23% of patients with aids, and it has been proposed that competitive disease such as tb and the low life expectancy of aids patients in mexico are the possible explanations of this low percentage. however, in mexico the frequency with which the population at risk of contracting aids is exposed to p. carinii is unknown. therefore, we looked for p. carini ... | 1993 | 8210765 |
| upper zone cystic lung disease in hiv related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8211881 | |
| hyperkalemia with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy. | in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a progressive increase in the serum potassium concentration occurred with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in this patient, factors known to alter transcellular potassium shifts to induce hyperkalemia were not present. there was no evidence of glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid insufficiency at the time of hyperkalemia, while the transtubular potassium gradient decreased. the h ... | 1993 | 8213804 |
| causes of death among persons reported with aids. | this study describes causes of death in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and assesses the completeness of reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection or aids on death certificates of persons with aids. | 1993 | 8214233 |
| development and characterization of a rapid screening assay for identifying antipneumocystis agents. | we developed a rapid assay for screening of compounds with potential antipneumocystis activity on the basis of incorporation of [35s]methionine into proteins newly synthesized by pneumocystis carinii. unambiguous evidence that p. carinii synthesizes proteins in vitro was provided by immunoprecipitation studies demonstrating the incorporation of [35s]methionine into the major surface glycoprotein. treatment with two clinically active antipneumocystis agents, atovaquone (10(-4) m) or pentamidine ( ... | 1993 | 8215282 |
| activity of cationically substituted bis-benzimidazoles against experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | on the basis of a previously observed correlation between the antimicrobial activity and dna binding strength of dicationic molecules, a series of 10 dicationically substituted bis-benzimidazoles were tested for activity in the rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. one of the compounds, 1,4-bis[5-(2-imidazolinyl)-2-benzimidazolyl]butane, was found to be more potent and less toxic than pentamidine. | 1993 | 8215291 |
| a clinical and pathological comparison of the who and cdc case definitions for aids in kinshasa, zaïre: is passive surveillance valid? | to compare the specificity of the world health organization (who) and centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) case definitions for aids in autopsy cases from zaïre. | 1993 | 8216982 |