Publications

cultural conditions for the production of bacteriocin by a native isolate of lactobacillus delbruecki ssp. bulgaricus cfr 2028 in milk medium.	the effect of growth parameters and the molecular basis for antibacterial activity by a natural isolate of lactobacillus delbruecki ssp. bulgaricus cfr 2028 was studied. the inhibition was tested against a toxigenic strain of bacillus cereus f 4810. when grown in milk medium, the activity was highest at an incubation temperature of 37 degrees c in 48 h. the antibacterial activity appeared to be produced between late logarithmic and early stationary phases. the active principle was proteinaceous ...	1998	15244063
are integrins involved in the aggregatory and phagocytic behaviour of fish haemostatic cells?	the involvement of a putative integrin-like fibrinogen receptor in the aggregatory and phagocytic behaviour of thrombocytes (platelet equivalents of fish) from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. aggregation of trout thrombocytes was induced by the thromboxane mimetic u-46619 in the presence of trout fibrinogen. thrombocyte aggregation was inhibited by the tetrapeptide rgds, but not by rges or fibrinogen binding inhibitor peptide (hhlggakqagdv). a range of monoclonal antibodies ag ...	1998	9438834
effect of single chain lipids on phospholipase c-promoted vesicle fusion. a test for the stalk hypothesis of membrane fusion.	the effect of low proportions (up to 5 mol %) of single-chain lipids on phospholipase c-promoted fusion of large unilamellar vesicles has been investigated with the aim of testing the so-called stalk model of membrane fusion. this model is known in two main versions, the one originally published by kozlov and markin [kozlov, m. m. and markin, v. s. (1983) biofizika 28, 255-261] and what is known as the "modified stalk model" [siegel, d. p. (1993) biophys. j. 65, 2124-2140], that differ in a numb ...	1998	9521711
engineering of the nonspecific phospholipase c from bacillus cereus: replacement of glutamic acid-4 by alanine results in loss of interfacial catalysis and enhanced phosphomonoesterase activity.	the nonspecific phospholipase c from bacillus cereus is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids to yield diacylglycerol and a phosphate monoester. glu-4 has been proposed as a potential candidate for the general base in the hydrolysis reaction and was shown to interact with the substrate headgroup. site-specific mutagenesis studies suggest that glu-4 is important for substrate binding but not for catalysis. this residue is also critical for the enzyme's preference for ...	1998	9521750
growth and enterotoxin production by diarrhoeagenic bacillus cereus in dietary supplements prepared for hospitalized hiv patients.	this study was initiated because of an increase in diarrhoeal episodes in a ward caring for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). an examination of hospital-prepared dietary supplements (build-up food) found bacillus cereus to be a potential problem. due in part to inadequate refrigeration conditions (13 +/- 4 degrees c), the microbial flora in commercially pasteurized semi-skimmed milk (pssm) reached potentially hazardous levels (> 10(6) cfu/ml). while refrigerated pssm ...	1998	9522292
heterogeneity in bacillus cereus pcr products detected by esi-fticr mass spectrometry.	pcr amplification of a segment of the 16/23s rdna interspace region (isr) from bacillus cereus 6464 produced a mixture of products. an 89-bp product was predicted on the basis of the reported sequence. the esi-fticr analysis revealed three double-stranded products, differing in size by a single nucleotide corresponding to two homoduplexes of 89 and 88 base pairs and a heteroduplex of 89 and 88 nucleotide strands. these were produced from a single preparation of genomic dna and a single primer pa ...	1998	9530010
a cysteine-dependent serine protease associated with the dormant spores of bacillus cereus: purification of the protein and cloning of the corresponding gene.	subtilisin-like serine protease, which is associated with the dormant spores of bacillus cereus, was solubilized by washing the spores with 2 m kcl and purified to homogeneity by carbobenzoxy-d-phenylalanine-liganded affinity column chromatography and hydrophobic interaction column chromatography. enzyme activity was completely inhibited by reagents for sulfhydryl groups such as hgcl2 as well as by conventional subtilisin inhibitors, suggesting the enzyme to be cysteine-dependent. the enzyme ret ...	1998	9532782
pcr fingerprinting of whole genomes: the spacers between the 16s and 23s rrna genes and of intergenic trna gene regions reveal a different intraspecific genomic variability of bacillus cereus and bacillus licheniformis [corrected].	genomic diversity in 21 strains of bacillus cereus and 10 strains of bacillus licheniformis was investigated by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis, which samples the whole genome, and by two pcr fingerprinting techniques sampling the hypervariable spacers between the conserved 16s and 23s rrna genes of the rrna gene operon (its-pcr) and regions between trna genes (tdna-pcr). rapd analysis showed a remarkable diversity among strains of b. cereus that was not observed with the rrna a ...	1998	9542081
unique appendages associated with spores of bacillus cereus isolates.	electron microscopic observations revealed the presence of a new type of large appendage on the spores of two bacillus cereus strains isolated from phylloplanes. the appendages were thin and sword-like in shape, having the sizes of 1.5 to 2.8 microns in length and 0.03 to 0.6 micron in width. there were no core or sheath structures in these appendages. the number of appendages on a spore ranged from three to more than twenty, radiating from the swelling on one end of the exosporium. these append ...	1998	9542106
a novel sensitive bioassay for detection of bacillus cereus emetic toxin and related depsipeptide ionophores.	of the toxins produced by bacillus cereus, the emetic toxin is likely the most dangerous but, due to the lack of a suitable assay, the least well known. in this paper, a new, sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid bioassay for detection of the emetic toxin of b. cereus is described. the assay is based on the loss of motility of boar spermatozoa upon 24 h of exposure to extracts of emetic b. cereus strains or contaminated food. the paralyzed spermatozoa exhibited swollen mitochondria, but no depletion ...	1998	9546170
a single calcium binding site is crucial for the calcium-dependent thermal stability of thermolysin-like proteases.	thermostable thermolysin-like proteases (tlps), such as the tlp of bacillus stearothermophilus cu-21 (tlp-ste), bind calcium in one double (ca1,2) and two single (ca3, ca4) calcium binding sites. the single sites are absent in thermolabile tlps, suggesting that they are determinants of (variation in) tlp stability. mutations in the ca3 and ca4 sites of tlp-ste indeed reduced thermal stability, but only mutations in the ca3 site affected the calcium-dependence of stability. the predominant effect ...	1998	9548763
general base catalysis by the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c from bacillus cereus: the role of glu4 and asp55.	to assess what roles the active site residues glu4 and asp55 of the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c of bacillus cereus (plcbc) might play in binding and catalysis, selected mutants were prepared through site-directed mutagenesis of the plc gene. the mutants were then expressed in escherichia coli and purified as fusion proteins with the maltose binding protein (mbp). kinetic analysis showed that mutations at glu4 had only modest effects on the catalytic activity, whereas those at ...	1998	9548962
the mechanism of catalysis and the inhibition of the bacillus cereus zinc-dependent beta-lactamase.	the plot of kcat/km against ph for the bacillus cereus 569/h beta-lactamase class b catalysed hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin and cephalosporin indicates that there are three catalytically important groups, two of pka 5.6+/-0.2 and one of pka 9.5+/-0.2. below ph 5 there is an inverse second-order dependence of reactivity upon hydrogen ion concentration, indicative of the requirement of two basic residues for catalysis. these are assigned to zinc(ii)-bound water and asp-90, both with a pka of 5.6+ ...	1998	9560295
the adhesion of bacillus cereus spores to epithelial cells might be an additional virulence mechanism.	four out of ten bacillus cereus strains produced spores able to adhere to monolayers of caco-2 cells (human epithelial cells). one of these strains has been involved in an outbreak of food poisoning where the symptoms were more severe and persisted for longer than a normal b. cereus food poisoning. the hydrophobicity of the spores is a contributing factor for the adhesion to occur. the spores are able to germinate in an environment similar to that of the small intestine and then the vegetative c ...	1998	9562881
degradation of geosmin-like compounds by selected species of gram-positive bacteria.	biodegradation of geosmin produced by streptomyces halstedii (a-1 strain) was investigated using seven gram-positive bacteria. bacterial action on the a-1 extract was followed at 15, 45 and 120 min. bacillus cereus ssp. thuringiensis hd-1, b. cereus 3711 and b. cereus ssp. mycoides 4379 showed no effect. however, arthrobacter atrocyaneus, arth. globiformis, chlorophenolicus n-1053 and rhodococcus maris caused a colour change from blue to yellow (positive reaction). these data suggest that geosmi ...	1998	9569688
diarrhoeal enterotoxin production by psychrotrophic baccillus cereus present in reconstituted milk-based infant formulae (mif).	one hundred reconstituted milk-based infant formulae (mif) representative of 10 leading brands available in many european economic community countries were examined for psychrotrophic bacillus cereus and for the presence of diarrhoeal enterotoxin. of the 38 b. cereus isolates recovered from mif, one, four and 16 strains grew at 4, 6 and 8 degrees c after 15 d. one (2.6%), two (5.3%) and six (15.8%) of the isolates were identified as potential psychrotrophic food poisoning strains as they were bo ...	1998	9569702
a case of urinary tract infection caused by bacillus cereus.		1998	9570673
syntheses and biological evaluation of indolocarbazoles, analogues of rebeccamycin, modified at the imide heterocycle.	a series of 10 indolocarbazole derivatives, analogues to the antitumor antibiotic rebeccamycin, bearing modifications at the imide heterocycle were synthesized. they bear an n-methyl imide, n-methyl amide, or anhydride function instead of the original imide. their inhibitory potencies toward topoisomerase i were examined using a dna relaxation assay and by analyzing the drug-induced cleavage of 32p-labeled dna. protein kinase c (pkc) inhibition and interaction with dna were also studied together ...	1998	9572888
a rapid pcr-based dna test for enterotoxic bacillus cereus.	the occurrence of dna sequences encoding the hemolysin hbla complex and bacillus cereus enterotoxin bcet, which have recently been confirmed as enterotoxins, was studied in bacillus spp. to amplify these dna sequences, pcr primer systems for the b component of hbla and for bcet dna sequences were developed. the results from the amplification of hbla sequences correlated well with results obtained with the b. cereus enterotoxin (diarrheal type) test kit (rpla kit), but not with the results of the ...	1998	9572928
integrated physical and genetic mapping of bacillus cereus and other gram-positive bacteria based on is231a transposition vectors.	the genome structure of bacillus cereus is relatively complex, its dna being modulated between a size-varying chromosome and large plasmids. to study the genetic organization of the b. cereus type strain atcc 14579, thermosensitive transposition vectors were designed on the basis of is231a-derived cassettes containing uncommon restriction sites. a highly preferred insertion site for is231a was detected in the chromosome by southern blotting and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analyses of ...	1998	9573103
characterization and sequence of the chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum carbapenemase: a new molecular class b beta-lactamase showing a broad substrate profile.	the metallo-beta-lactamase produced by chryseobacterium (formerly flavobacterium) meningosepticum, which is the flavobacterial species of greatest clinical relevance, was purified and characterized. the enzyme, named blab, contains a polypeptide with an apparent mr of 26000, and has a pi of 8.5. it hydrolyses penicillins, cephalosporins (including cefoxitin), carbapenems and 6-beta-iodopenicillanate, a mechanism-based inactivator of active-site serine beta-lactamases. the enzyme was inhibited by ...	1998	9576862
new positive/negative selectable markers for mammalian cells on the basis of blasticidin deaminase-thymidine kinase fusions.	two positive and negative selectable markers were created for use in mammalian cells. they are based on two genes for the resistance to blasticidin s (blas) and on the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv). the markers can be selected positively by their ability to induce blas resistance and negatively on the induced sensitivity towards gancyclovir (ganc). both constructs are also expressed in escherichia coli and transfer blas resistance to this organism as well, making these ...	1998	9580709
[endocarditis by bacillus cereus 1 in prosthetic mitral valve].		1998	9586376
use of hemoglobin as an iron source by bacillus cereus.	the hemoglobin binding activity of bacillus cereus cells was measured with fluoresceinisothiocyanate (fitc)-conjugated hemoglobin using flow cytometry. growth of b. cereus was markedly inhibited by the addition of apo-transferrin. b. cereus could not use transferrin-bound iron as an iron source in serum. the growth inhibition was reversed by the addition of a fecl3 solution, erythrocytes or hemoglobin. b. cereus released hemolysin; these findings suggested that the hemoglobin released from eryth ...	1998	9586563
asking for the indicator function of bioassays evaluating soil contamination: are bioassay results reasonable surrogates of effects on soil microflora?	in evaluating the biological effect of solid materials like soil a bacterial contact assay often shows higher sensitivity than elutriate testing. results of the bacillus cereus contact assay for some environmental important toxicants are presented in this article. a comparison with another heterotrophic soil bacterium, arthrobacter globiformis, shows comparable sensitivity. in a bioassay approach organisms at the level of individuals or populations are exposed to soil material to determine the s ...	1998	9493327
prevalence of beta-exotoxin, diarrhoeal toxin and specific delta-endotoxin in natural isolates of bacillus thuringiensis.	of newly isolated colonies with the appearance of bacillus thuringiensis, 47.5% were found to produce the parasporal crystals characteristic of this species. these positive isolates were screened using the polymerase chain reaction for their possession of a gene encoding a specific protoxin type, cryib. strains with and without this gene were screened for their ability to produce beta-exotoxin and bacillus cereus-type enterotoxin. it was found that 35% of the isolates possessed the cryib gene; o ...	1998	9495012
[combined effect of temperature a(w) and ph on proteases from pseudomonas and bacillus spp].	the factors affecting protease activity were investigated on certain media. five strains of bacillus (b.) cereus, four strains of b. subtilis, five strains of pseudomonas (ps.) aeruginosa and two strains of ps. fluorescens produced the proteases that were tested. the enzyme activity was evaluated under 32 different combinations of temperature (2 and 7 degrees c), water activity (aw) (0.80-0.98) and ph (4.0-7.3). a decrease in water activity and ph and/or temperature caused a decrease in protease ...	1998	9499620
structural and mechanistic comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases c.	phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases c (pi-plcs) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides to inositol phosphates and diacylglycerol (dag). whereas the eukaryotic pi-plcs play a central role in most signal transduction cascades by producing two second messengers, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and dag, prokaryotic pi-plcs are of interest because they act as virulence factors in some pathogenic bacteria. bacterial pi-plcs consist of a single domain of 30 to 35 kda ...	1998	9466937
gibbilimbols a-d, cytotoxic and antibacterial alkenylphenols from piper gibbilimbum.	fractionation of the petroleum ether extract from the leaves of piper gibbilimbum collected in papua new guinea afforded four new alkenylphenols, gibbilimbols a-d (1-4). the structures of the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1d- and 2d-nmr spectroscopy. gibbilimbols a-d were found to be toxic to brine shrimp with an lc50 of approximately 5 microg/ml. gibbilimbols a-d were further found to be cytotoxic toward kb nasopharyngal carcinoma cells (ed50 7.8-2.1 microg/ml). all ...	1998	9677279
identification of bacillus cereus by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir).	the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) for rapid identification of bacillus cereus isolates. ten b. cereus group isolates (comprising b. cereus, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus thuringiensis strains), five other bacillus spp., and five non-bacillus spp. were used. two types of media, brain heart infusion (bhi) and trypticase soy agar (tsa), were tested. the results indicated that all b. cereus group isolates produced characteri ...	1998	9678183
estimating the growth rate of a bacterial species in a complex mixture by hybridization of genomic dna	> abstract advances in molecular techniques have enabled new approaches to identifying bacteria. however, once identified, there is no quantitative information on the in situ growth rate of the species, mainly because the technology has not been available. the quantitative incorporation of [methyl-3h]thymidine into dividing bacteria is coupled with a molecular (hybridization) method, to determine the growth rate of bacterial species in situ. the basis of this molecular method is a reverse gene p ...	1998	9688773
clustered proline residues around the active-site cleft in thermostable oligo-1,6-glucosidase of bacillus flavocaldarius kp1228.	the gene that coded for a cellular oligo-1,6-glucosidase (dextrin 6-alpha-d-glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.10) in bacillus flavocaldarius kp1228 (ferm-p9542) cells growing at 51-82 degrees c was expressed in escherichia coli jm109. the enzyme had a half-life of 10 min at 89.2 degrees c. purification of the enzyme and its characterization showed that the enzyme was identical with the native one. its primary structure of 529 residues with a molecular weight of 61,469 deduced from the gene was 40-42% i ...	1998	9692189
purification and partial characterization of a neutral protease from a virulent strain of bacillus cereus.	the factors involved in the pathogenesis of bacillus cereus (b. cereus) in non-gastrointestinal diseases are poorly investigated. some researchers suggest that b. cereus proteases may be involved in these illnesses. the aim of this work was to purify and characterize a protease isolated from a virulent strain of b. cereus to explain its assumptive damaging effect. the enzyme was purified in a four-step procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, acetone precipitation, bio-gel filtration ...	1998	9693959
structure of the key toxin in gas gangrene.	clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin is the key virulence determinant in gas gangrene and has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of sudden death syndrome in young animals. the toxin is a 370-residue, zinc metalloenzyme that has phospholipase c activity, and can bind to membranes in the presence of calcium. the crystal structure of the enzyme reveals a two-domain protein. the n-terminal domain shows an anticipated structural similarity to bacillus cereus phosphatidylcholine-specific phosphol ...	1998	9699639
[morphologic detection of bacillus cereus in blank cartridges].	wound infections after gunshot wounds from live ammunition can produce serious complications. it is well known that projectiles per se are neither sterile nor does their firing cause sterilization. the germs on the surface of a projectile enter the body together with the projectile and are thus introduced into the wound together with skin bacteria. however it is less known that wound infections can occur in wounds caused by the gas jet from blank ammunition (mainly from shots at very close range ...	1998	9701752
current microbiological status of 'health foods' sold in canada.	a follow-up survey was conducted across canada to evaluate the current status of 'health foods' sold in canada. a total of 1239 sample units of 'health foods' were analysed for a variety of bacteria, including aerobic colony counts (acc), coliforms, aerobic and anaerobic sporeformers, escherichia coli and bacillus cereus. results presented indicate that 16.8-18.4% of the 'health foods' exceed acc guidelines, 16.0-17.8% exceeded coliform guidelines, 35.7% exceeded aerobic sporeformer guidelines, ...	1998	9706793
effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures on the removal of enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus from infant feeding bottles.	reconstituted infant milk formulas are considered a food class of high risk because of the susceptibility of the infant population to enteric bacterial pathogens, severe response to enterotoxins, and increased mortality. twenty infant feeding bottles, contaminated with different levels of enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus, were subjected in triplicate to a variety of commonly used cleaning and disinfection procedures although thorough cleaning reduced microbial numbers, it did not remove all b. ce ...	1998	9708281
phospholipase c hydrolysis of phospholipids in bilayers of mixed lipid compositions.	phosphatidylcholine phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.3) from bacillus cereus has been assayed with substrates in the form of large unilamellar vesicles. phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (also a substrate for the enzyme), sphingomyelin, and cholesterol have been mixed in various proportions, in binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures. a lag period, followed by a burst of enzyme activity, has been found in all cases. the activity burst was always accompanied by an increase in turbidity of t ...	1998	9709000
duplex (thermotroph-psychrotroph) quadrant plates: convenient, error-avoiding tools for monitoring of haccp-contained food lines and for epidemiological investigations under conditions of military or other constraints.	a set of two "two-tier" (thermotroph-psychrotroph) single quadrant plates (qps) was developed previously to allow convenient enumeration of numbers of colony-forming units of most pertinent pathogenic bacteria or marker bacteria in foods. these include listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, thermotrophic and psychrotrophic enterobacteriaceae, clostridium spp., and enterococcus spp. as the qps had given excellent results in monitoring samples of marketed food products pot ...	1998	9709209
combined effects of ph, nisin, and temperature on growth and survival of psychrotrophic bacillus cereus.	growth of vegetative cells and outgrowth of spores of enterotoxigenic psychrotrophic bacillus cereus in refrigerated minimally processed food products is a public health concern. a study was undertaken to determine the combined effects of ph, nisin, and temperature on growth and survival of 20 strains of b. cereus. the minimum growth temperatures in tryptic soy broth (ph 7.3) and brain heart infusion broth (bhi broth, ph 7.4) were 5 degrees c for two strains and 8 degrees c for five other strain ...	1998	9709228
chemical and bacteriological characteristics of pichtogalo chanion cheese and mesophilic starter cultures for its production.	sixty-two samples of pichtogalo chanion cheese traditionally produced in crete, a few (3 to 6) days old, were analyzed for some chemical and bacteriological characteristics. the results of physicochemical analyses were as follows: (1) moisture content 61.63% (standard deviation 4.67); (2) fat in dry matter 54.03% (sd 7.73); (3) protein content 14.23% (sd 1.72); (4) salt content 1.02% (sd 0.38); (5) water activity (aw) 0.990 (sd 0.003); and (6) ph 4.36 (sd 0.25). none of the samples yielded salmo ...	1998	9709250
microbiological quality of hot meals served by airlines.	the microbiological quality of 1,012 hot meals served on aircraft was studied in 1991 to 1994. the material included dishes prepared in 33 countries all over the world. the geometric means of aerobic colony counts and escherichia coli were significantly lower in breakfasts (p < 0.05) than in main dishes. pathogenic bacteria were found in 30 samples (3.0%), bacillus cereus being the most common pathogen. the frequencies of b. cereus and staphylococcus aureus did not differ between breakfasts and ...	1998	9713771
antibacterial properties of extracts from selected planktonic freshwater cyanobacteria--a comparative study of bacterial bioassays.	aqueous and methanol extracts from five selected cyanobacteria were examined for antibacterial properties in six different bacterial bioassays. all five cyanobacteria revealed antibacterial properties. methanol extracts made from tychonema bourrellyi, aphanizomenon flos-aquae and cylindrospermopsis raciborskii showed the most pronounced inhibitory effects, aqueous extracts made from microcystis aeruginosa and t. bourrellyi possessed evident antibacterial properties. the bacterial bioassays were ...	1998	9717298
isolation, purification and partial characterization of plantaricin 423, a bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus plantarum.	lactobacillus plantarum 423, isolated from sorghum beer, produces a bacteriocin (plantaricin 423) which is inhibitory to several food spoilage bacteria and food-borne pathogens, including bacillus cereus, clostridium sporogenes, enterococcus faecalis, listeria spp. and staphylococcus spp. plantaricin 423 is resistant to treatment at 80 degrees c, but loses 50% of its activity after 60 min at 100 degrees c and 75% of its activity after autoclaving (121 degrees c, 15 min). plantaricin 423 remains ...	1998	9717299
phospholipase cleavage of glycosylphosphatidylinositol reconstituted in liposomal membranes.	glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) purified from rat liver lipids was incorporated into lipid bilayers of defined compositions, in the form of large unilamellar vesicles. the gpi concentration in the bilayers was kept constant at 25 mole%, whereas the remaining lipids being phosphatidylcholine, phosphastidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and/or cholesterol were varied. the resulting liposomes consisted of spherical vesicles, approximately 100 nm in diameter, that could keep their aqueous contents s ...	1998	9720914
sporulation temperature affects initiation of germination and inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure of bacillus cereus.	the influence of sporulation temperature (20, 30 and 37 degrees c) on the heat resistance and initiation of germination and inactivation by high pressure on bacillus cereus atcc 14579 spores was investigated. spores sporulated at 37 degrees c were the most heat-resistant. however, spores sporulated at 20 degrees c were more resistant to the initiation of germination and inactivation by high pressure. spores were more sensitive to pressure at higher treatment temperatures. at 25 degrees c, there ...	1998	9721652
discrimination of psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of the bacillus cereus group by pcr targeting of major cold shock protein genes.	detection of psychrotrophic strains (those able to grow at or below 7 degreesc) of the bacillus cereus group (bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides) in food products is at present extremely slow with conventional microbiology. this is due to an inability to discriminate these cold-adapted strains from their mesophilic counterparts (those able to grow only above 7 degreesc) by means other than growth at low temperature, which takes 5 to 10 days for detection. here we repo ...	1998	9726910
crystal structure of the zinc-dependent beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus at 1.9 a resolution: binuclear active site with features of a mononuclear enzyme.	the structure of the zinc-dependent beta-lactamase ii from bacillus cereus has been determined at 1.9 a resolution in a crystal form with two molecules in the asymmetric unit and 400 waters (space group p3121; rcryst = 20.8%). the active site contains two zinc ions: zn1 is tightly coordinated by his86, his88, and his149, while zn2 is loosely coordinated by asp90, cys168, and his210. a water molecule (w1) lies between the two zinc ions but is significantly closer to zn1 and at a distance of only ...	1998	9730812
bacillus pseudomycoides sp. nov.	previous dna relatedness studies showed that strains identified as bacillus mycoides segregated into two genetically distinct yet phenotypically similar groups, one being b. mycoides sensu stricto and the other, an unclassified taxon. in the present study, the taxonomic position of this second group was assessed by measuring dna relatedness and determining phenotypic characteristics of an increased number of b. mycoides strains. also determined was the second group's 16s rna gene sequence. the 3 ...	1998	9734060
prevalence of food-borne pathogens and growth potential of salmonella in weaning foods from addis ababa, ethiopia.	one hundred samples of ready-to-consume feeding bottle contents from outpatient infants were examined for the presence of salmonella, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus. nearly all samples had very high gross bacterial contamination. three salmonella isolates were encountered from bottle contents made of cow's milk and gruel made from cereal blend. all belonged to group d. of the 108, isolates 67 were staph. aureus and 38 were b. cereus. the potential of salmonella spp to grow in weaning ...	1998	9745837
modulation of enzymatic activity and biological function of listeria monocytogenes broad-range phospholipase c by amino acid substitutions and by replacement with the bacillus cereus ortholog.	the secreted broad-range phosphatidylcholine (pc)-preferring phospholipase c (pc-plc) of listeria monocytogenes plays a role in the bacterium's ability to escape from phagosomes and spread from cell to cell. based on comparisons with two orthologs, clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin and bacillus cereus plc (plcbc), we generated pc-plc mutants with altered enzymatic activities and substrate specificities and analyzed them for biological function in tissue culture and mouse models of infection. t ...	1998	9746585
surface structure, hydrophobicity, phagocytosis, and adherence to matrix proteins of bacillus cereus cells with and without the crystalline surface protein layer.	nonopsonic phagocytosis of bacillus cereus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) with particular attention to bacterial surface properties and structure was studied. two reference strains (atcc 14579(t) and atcc 4342) and two clinical isolates (oh599 and oh600) from periodontal and endodontic infections were assessed for adherence to matrix proteins, such as type i collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and fibrinogen. one-day-old cultures of strains oh599 and oh600 were readily ingested by pmns ...	1998	9746594
plantaricin lp84, a broad spectrum heat-stable bacteriocin of lactobacillus plantarum ncim 2084 produced in a simple glucose broth medium.	lactobacillus plantarum ncim 2084 produced an antibacterial substance when grown at 40 degrees c for 36 h in a laboratory medium. the antibacterial substance was active against a wide range of bacteria comprising gram positive and negative foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. however, related mesophilic lactobacilli were not inhibited, except for l. amylovorus dsm 20531. the antimicrobial activity was observed between late log and stationary growth phases. the antibacterial substance was ...	1998	9600606
factors affecting the resting ph of in vitro human microcosm dental plaque and streptococcus mutans biofilms.	the aim was to examine factors that potentially control the resting ph, defined as the ph unaffected by meals, of microcosm dental plaques and streptococcus mutans biofilms under standard conditions, and to examine the effect of supplying urea at concentrations found intraorally. microcosm plaques were cultured from plaque bacteria-enriched saliva in an 'artificial mouth' with a continuous supply of a medium including 0.25% mucin [basal medium mucin, (bmm), 3.6 ml/hr per plaque] and a periodic s ...	1998	9602287
purification and some properties of imp dehydrogenase of bacillus cereus.	imp dehydrogenase was purified from a crude extract of b, cereus cells. the molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 56 kda by sds-page and 225 kda by gel filtration. the optimum ph of the enzyme was about 9.5. the first seven residues at n-terminus of the enzyme was determined to be met-trp-glu-ser-lys-phe-val. the enzyme showed a significant specificity for inosine nucleotides among 15 purines and pyrimidines tested, but not acted on other purines and pyrimidines including ino ...	1998	9602532
characterization of plasmid paw63, a second self-transmissible plasmid in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd73.	bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki hd73, toxic for lepidopteran larvae, contains two large self-transmissible plasmids of approximately 75 kb, pht73 and paw63. the conjugative plasmid pht73 has been studied extensively and has been shown to harbour the toxin gene cry1ac, the transposon tn4430 and several insertion sequences. in this study it was demonstrated that the minor plasmid paw63 is also self-transmissible and about 10-30 times more efficient in mobilizing plasmid pbc16. to facili ...	1998	9611801
studying the effect of temperature on microbial growth using multiplicative model.	the specific growth rates of brochothrix thermosphacta, listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., staphylococcus aureus and clostridium perfringens at various temperatures were taken from the food micromodel database, and the data sets of specific growth rate versus temperature were fitted using the multiplicative model (r = a td, r = specific growth rate; t = temperature; a, d = regression parameters). the exponential d-value de ...	1998	9615472
construction of phylogenetic tree based on g + c contents in dna and 16s rrna sequences: example for group 1 of genus bacillus.	the applicability of the g + c content in dna in the construction of phylogenetic tree was studied. the group 1 of the genus bacillus was selected as an object for study. statistically reliable correlation between evolutionary distances of 16s rrna sequences (ei) and parameter pi named as "gc evolutionary distance" was shown. the value of pi is the difference between the g + c content in dna of two species branching from one phylogenetic line. the coefficient of correlation between ei and pi equ ...	1998	9621692
target range of zwittermicin a, an aminopolyol antibiotic from bacillus cereus.	zwittermicin a is a novel antibiotic produced by bacillus cereus uw85, which suppresses certain plant diseases in the laboratory and in the field. we developed a rapid method for large-scale purification of zwittermicin a and then studied the in vitro activity of zwittermicin a against bacteria, fungi, and protists. zwittermicin a was highly active against the oomycetes and their relatives, the algal protists, and had moderate activity against diverse gram-negative bacteria and certain gram-posi ...	1998	9625782
radiation inactivation of some food-borne pathogens in fish as influenced by fat levels.	the influence of low (0.39-1.1%), medium (4.25%) and high (7.1-32.5%) fat levels in fish on radiation inactivation of four food-borne pathogens was investigated. cells of listeria monocytogenes 036, yersinia enterocolitica f5692, bacillus cereus and salmonella typhimurium at logarithmic phase were inoculated in 10% fish homogenates and subjected to gamma irradiation at ice temperature (0-1 degree c) with doses ranging from 0.05 to 0.8 kgy. the radiation survival curves of l. monocytogenes and b. ...	1998	9633646
construction and expression of a bifunctional single-chain antibody against bacillus cereus p6ores.	the variable-region genes of monoclonal antibody against bacillus cereus spores were cloned from mouse hybridoma cells by reverse transcription-pcr. the heavy- and light-chain variable-region genes were connected by a 45-base linker dna to allow folding of the fusion protein into a functional tertiary structure. for detection of protein expression, a 10-amino-acid strep tag (biotin-like peptide) was attached to the c terminus of recombinant antibody as the reporter peptide. the single-chain anti ...	1998	9647820
development of a streptavidin-conjugated single-chain antibody that binds bacillus cereus spores.	control of microorganisms such as bacillus cereus spores is critical to ensure the safety and a long shelf life of foods. a bifunctional single chain antibody has been developed for detection and binding of b. cereus t spores. the genes that encode b. cereus t spore single-chain antibody and streptavidin were connected for use in immunoassays and immobilization of the recombinant antibodies. a truncated streptavidin, which is smaller than but has biotin binding ability similar to that of strepta ...	1998	9647821
insights into the mechanism of catalysis by the p-c bond-cleaving enzyme phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase derived from gene sequence analysis and mutagenesis.	phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase (phosphonatase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphonoacetaldehyde to acetaldehyde and inorganic phosphate. in this study, the genes encoding phosphonatase in bacillus cereus and in salmonella typhimurium were cloned for high-level expression in escherichia coli. the kinetic properties of the purified, recombinant phosphonatases were determined. the schiff base mechanism known to operate in the b. cereus enzyme was verified for the s. typhimurium enzyme by phosphon ...	1998	9649311
isolation and characterization of two bacteriocins of lactobacillus acidophilus lf221.	lactobacillus acidophilus lf221 produced bacteriocin-like activity against different bacteria including some pathogenic and food-spoilage species. besides some lactic acid bacteria, the following species were inhibited: bacillus cereus, clostridium sp., listeria innocua, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus d. l. acidophilus lf221 produced at least two bacteriocins, acidocin lf221 a and acidocin lf221 b, which were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, hydroph ...	1998	9650259
identification of protein-protein contacts between alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins of bacillus species bound to dna.	small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasp) of the alpha/beta-type from several bacillus species were cross-linked into homodimers, heterodimers and homooligomers with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (edc) in the presence of linear plasmid dna. significant protein cross-linking was not detected in the absence of dna. in all four alpha/beta-type sasp examined, the amino donor in the edc induced amide cross-links was the alpha-amino group of the protein. however, the carboxylate contai ...	1998	9651315
genetic diversity of bacillus cereus/b. thuringiensis isolates from natural sources.	the genetic diversity and relationships among 154 bacillus cereus/b. thuringiensis isolates recovered from soil samples from five geographic areas in norway were investigated with multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee). cluster analysis revealed two major groups (designated cluster i and cluster ii) separated at genetic distance greater than 0.55. cluster i included 62 electrophoretic types (ets) originating from all five locations, whereas, in cluster ii, all but one isolate were from the same ...	1998	9662607
[ecological consequences of radioactive pollution for soil bacteria within the 10-km region around the chernobyl atomic energy station].	the diversity of aerobic chemoorganotrophic (capable of growing on nutrient agar) bacteria in radioactive soil (0.3-17.0 microci/kg soil) sampled in the 10-km zone around the chernobyl nuclear power plant (cnpp) was found to be lower than that observed in control, uncontaminated soil with a radioactivity of 0.002-0.006 microci/kg soil. all the radioactive soil samples contained the bacteria bacillus cereus and methylobacterium extorquens or m. mesophillicum, which exhibited a high tolerance to 0 ...	1998	9662700
spectroscopic characterization of a binuclear metal site in bacillus cereus beta-lactamase ii.	the zinc metalloenzyme beta-lactamase ii (betalii) from bacillus cereus has been overexpressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione-s-transferase, and the metal binding properties of recombinant betalii toward zn(ii) and co(ii) have been studied by fluorescence and activity measurements. the apoenzyme is able to bind two metal ion equivalents, which confer on betalii its maximum enzymatic efficiency. the enzyme is partially active with one metal ion equivalent. the dico(ii) a ...	1998	9665723
comparative antibacterial and antifungal effects of some phenolic compounds.	the antimicrobial potential of eight phenolic compounds isolated from olive cake was tested against the growth of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, bacillus cereus, aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus. the phenolic compounds included p-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, protocatechuic, syringic, and p-coumaric acids, oleuropein and quercetin. caffeic and protocatechuic acids (0.3 mg/ml) inhibited the growth of e. coli and k. pneumoniae. the same compounds apart from syringic a ...	1998	9670554
involvement of a rhamnolipid-producing strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a bacterial community.	a rhamnolipid-producing strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa gl1 was isolated from a bacterial community growing on a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) as sole carbon source. strain gl1 did not grow on pah but grew on known degradation metabolites of phenanthrene (o-phthalic acid) and of naphthalene (salicylic acid). in co-culture with a phenanthrene-degrading strain, ps. aeruginosa gl1 accelerated the degradation of phenanthrene. strain gl1 was resistant to toxic amphiphilic compoun ...	1998	9674130
discrimination among bacillus cereus, b. mycoides and b. thuringiensis and some other species of the genus bacillus by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.	fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) in conjunction with canonical variate analysis was found to be effective in discriminating among spectra of 9 representative strains of bacillus spp., including b. cereus, b. mycoides and b. thuringiensis. the method was also able to discriminate according to species among spectra of 14 other non-type strains of b. cereus, 12 of b. mycoides and 12 of b. thuringiensis with a success rate of > 95%, even without using a prior classification of the grou ...	1998	9675865
bactericidal activity of carvacrol towards the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus.	carvacrol, a natural plant constituent occurring in oregano and thyme, was investigated for its bactericidal effect towards the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus. carvacrol showed a dose-related growth inhibition of b. cereus. at concentration of 0.75 mmol l-1 and above, total inhibition of the growth was observed. below this concentration, carvacrol extended the lag-phase, reduced the specific growth rate and reduced the maximum population density. incubation for 40 min in the presence of 0.7 ...	1998	9750293
comparative antibacterial effects of novel pelargonium essential oils and solvent extracts.	the scented leaves of a number of pelargonium (geraniaceae) species and cultivars were extracted using steam distillation, petroleum spirit and methanol. the extracts were assessed for their antibacterial activity in vitro against staphylococcus aureus, proteus vulgaris, bacillus cereus and staph. epidermidis. the results indicated substantial antibacterial activity and suggested that pelargonium essential oils could be used as novel antibacterial agents. the methanolic and petroleum spirit extr ...	1998	9750316
a rapd-pcr method for large-scale typing of bacillus cereus.	a robust rapd-pcr procedure for large-scale typing of bacillus cereus was developed. it is based on a simple dna preparation, involving only freezing and boiling of cells in water with active carbon. by using a computerized system for data collection and processing, an efficient system for handling rapd patterns for large-scale investigations was achieved. the procedure was highly discriminatory for bacillus cereus strains and was found to give reproducible classification of rapd fingerprints fo ...	1998	9750321
a risk assessment approach for food-borne bacillus cereus and its toxins.		1998	9750362
a review of analytical methods for the detection of bacterial toxins.		1998	9750366
kits for the detection of some bacterial food poisoning toxins: problems, pitfalls and benefits.		1998	9750367
amino-acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of the staphylococcus aureus metalloproteinase at 1.72 a resolution.	aureolysin is an extracellular zinc-dependent metalloproteinase from the pathogenic bacterium staphylococcus aureus. this enzyme exhibits in vitro activity against several molecules of biological significance for the host, indicating that it is involved in the pathology of staphylococcal diseases.	1998	9753696
x-ray structure of the znii beta-lactamase from bacteroides fragilis in an orthorhombic crystal form.	beta-lactamases are extracellular or periplasmic bacterial enzymes which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. on the basis of their catalytic mechanisms, they can be divided into two major groups: active-site serine enzymes (classes a, c and d) and the znii enzymes (class b). the first crystal structure of a class b enzyme, the metallo-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus, has been solved at 2.5 a resolution [carfi, pares, duée, galleni, duez, frère & dideberg (1995). embo j. 14, 4914-49 ...	1998	9761816
1.85 a resolution structure of the zinc (ii) beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus.	class b beta-lactamases are wide spectrum enzymes which require bivalent metal ions for activity. the structure of the class b zinc-ion-dependent beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus (bcii) has been refined at 1.85 a resolution using data collected on cryocooled crystals (100 k). the enzyme from b. cereus has a molecular mass of 24 946 da and is folded into a beta-sandwich structure with helices on the external faces. the active site is located in a groove running between the two beta-sheets [car ...	1998	9761898
antibacterial effects of n-sulfonated and n-sulfobenzoyl chitosan and application to oyster preservation.	the antibacterial effects of sulfonated and sulfobenzoyl chitosans were evaluated and compared with that of 69% deacetylated chitosan (dd69 chitosan). minimal inhibitory concentrations of sulfonated chitosan (sc1, 0.63% sulfur content) against shigella dysenteriae, aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella typhimurium, and bacillus cereus were found to be lower than those of dd69 chitosan. a high sulfur content in sulfonated chitosan adversely influenced its antibacterial effect. sulfobenzoyl chitosan (s ...	1998	9766062
in-vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam relative to other antibiotics against blood culture isolates.	resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is an increasing problem in many countries. accurate locally relevant information is essential for detection and control of emerging resistance and to facilitate choice of empirical antibiotic therapy in the immediate management of seriously ill patients. we have determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of piperacillin/tazobactam for 97 strains of bacteria (55 enterobacteriaceae, 13 non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli, 22 staphylococcus aureus, 6 e ...	1998	9780564
biotransformation of resveratrol to piceid by bacillus cereus.	microbial transformation of resveratrol (1), trans-3,4', 5-trihydroxystilbene, was studied. preparative scale biotransformation of 1 with whole-cell suspensions of bacillus cereus ui 1477 resulted in the production of metabolite 2 which was identical in all respects to an authentic sample of piceid, resveratrol 3-o-beta-d-glucoside.	1998	9784180
testing of raw milk for tetracycline residues.	a newly improved bacillus calidolactis tube diffusion test and two postscreening test systems--a receptor assay (charm hvs; charm sciences, inc., malden, ma) and a newly developed bacillus cereus atcc 11778 mycoides test system--were evaluated for the detection and identification of tetracycline residues using 973 samples of bulk milk taken at random in the netherlands. all milk samples were assayed with the b. calidolactis tube and the receptor test. the milk samples testing as suspect or posit ...	1998	9785224
sphingomyelinase induces aggregation and fusion, but phospholipase a2 only aggregation, of low density lipoprotein (ldl) particles. two distinct mechanisms leading to increased binding strength of ldl to human aortic proteoglycans.	during atherogenesis, low density lipoprotein (ldl) particles bind to extracellular matrix proteoglycans in the arterial wall, become modified, and appear as aggregated and fused particles. sphingomyelinase (smase) and phospholipase a2 (pla2) have been found in the arterial wall, and, moreover, lesional ldl shows signs of hydrolysis of both sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine. we have now studied the effects of these two lipolytic modifications on the aggregation and fusion of ldl particles by ...	1998	9786921
identification of contamination sources of bacillus cereus in pasteurized milk.	in order to determine the sources of bacillus cereus in pasteurized milk, a total of 232 milk samples from various sampling points along milk processing lines and 122 environmental swabs were collected in two dairy plants between march and september, 1996. the incidence of b. cereus vegetative cells in raw milk from the plants was low (< or = 10%). however, the incidence and the average counts of b. cereus spores in the raw milk were very high and similar to those of b. cereus vegetative cells i ...	1998	9801192
[meningitis due to bacillus cereus in an infant with reye syndrome].	observation: we report the case of a 2.5-month-old infant with bacillus cereus meningitis who was initially admitted for reye syndrome. gram positive bacteria was isolated in csf and shown to be located inside the polymorphonuclears. this pathogen was further identified by sequencing of the 16s rna. early administration of imipenem in association with amikacin resulted in a rapid recovery. no obvious immune defect or invasive procedure could be assessed. conclusion: although bacillus cereus is m ...	1998	9809154
[isolation, identification and characterization of bacillus cereus in the dairy industry].	in order to determine the major contamination sources of milk with (psychrotrophic) bacillus cereus, the incidence of vegetative cells and spores of b. cereus on dairy farms, at two dairy processing plants and in pasteurized milk in household refrigerators was investigated. on dairy farms the major contamination sources were soil and faeces. in winter, when the cows were housed, used bedding probably also participates in this contamination route. the udder will be contaminated, finally resulting ...	1998	9825404
bacillus weihenstephanensis sp. nov. is a new psychrotolerant species of the bacillus cereus group.	the bacillus cereus group comprises the four valid species bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. some isolates of b. cereus are known to be psychrotolerant (growth at 7 degrees c or below). here, specific sequence differences are described between the 16s rdna, the 23s rdna, the 16s-23s rdna spacer region and the genes of the major cold-shock protein homologue cspa in a variety of psychrotolerant and mesophilic b. cereus and b. mycoides strains. rando ...	1998	9828439
growth and inactivation models to be used in quantitative risk assessments.	in past years many models describing growth and inactivation of microorganisms have been developed. this study is a discussion of the growth and inactivation models that can be used in a stepwise procedure for quantitative risk assessment. first, rough risk assessments are performed in which orders of magnitude for microbial processes are estimated by the use of simple models. this method provides an efficient way to find the main determinants of risk. second, the main determinants of risk are s ...	1998	9829202
[microwave effect on survival of sporulated bacteria inoculated in minced meat].	due to the current tendency of cooking and heating meat prepared foods in microwave ovens and the possibility that they transmit bacterial diseases, the survival rate of spore-forming bacteria was evaluated in minced meat samples. meat was innoculated with a known number of bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens spores, and laterly thawed and cooked in an amana microwave oven (2450 hz). survival rate was determined according to the methodology described by vanderzant & splittstoesser, and t ...	1998	9830491
mg2+ binding and catalytic function of sphingomyelinase from bacillus cereus.	the modes of mg2+ binding to smase from bacillus cereus were studied on the basis of the changes in the tryptophyl fluorescence intensity. this enzyme was shown to possess at least two binding sites for mg2+ with low and high affinities. the effects of mg2+ binding on the enzymatic activity and structural stability of the enzyme molecule were also studied. the results indicated that the binding of mg2+ to the low-affinity site was essential for the catalysis, but was independent of the substrate ...	1998	9832623
effect of canavanine from alfalfa seeds on the population biology of bacillus cereus	bacillus cereus uw85 suppresses diseases of alfalfa seedlings, although alfalfa seed exudate inhibits the growth of uw85 in culture (j. l. milner, s. j. raffel, b. j. lethbridge, and j. handelsman, appl. microbiol. biotechnol. 43:685-691, 1995). in this study, we determined the chemical basis for and biological role of the inhibitory activity. all of the alfalfa germ plasm tested included seeds that released inhibitory material. we purified the inhibitory material from one alfalfa cultivar and i ...	1998	9835549
development of internal controls for pcr detection of bacillus anthracis.	this work describes the development and evaluation of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of bacillus anthracis strains harbouring plasmid px02. the multiplex also incorporated an internal control (ic) to avoid false negative reactions. internal controls consisted of plasmids containing modified pcr target sequences, corresponding to the capc and ba813 genes of b. anthracis, which were then co-amplified with the original target sequences using the same set of amplimers. ...	1998	9843654
bacillus cereus in a whey process.	a cheese dairy and its whey manufacturing line were examined for bacillus cereus. colonies typical of b. cereus were detected in 120 (17%) samples out of 720 analysed. only 3% of the sampled raw milk contained b. cereus ( > or = 10 cfu ml(-1)) whereas in evaporated whey concentrate b. cereus was present in 76% of the samples. nitrate reductase negative and weakly casein hydrolysis isolates were rare in raw milk and the early parts of the process but these defective biotypes became increasingly f ...	1998	9849782
influence of several environmental factors on the initiation of germination and inactivation of bacillus cereus by high hydrostatic pressure.	the influence of ph, aw, l-alanine, and fat concentration of milk on the initiation of germination and inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) (250 mpa at 25 degrees c for 15 min and 690 mpa at 40 degrees c for 2 min) of bacillus cereus sporulated at 20, 30 and 37 degrees c was investigated. b. cereus sporulated at the lowest temperature was found to be the most resistant to the initiation of germination and inactivation by hhp. at ambient pressure, the rate and extension of germination ...	1998	9849790
role of the geri operon of bacillus cereus 569 in the response of spores to germinants.	bacillus cereus 569 (atcc 10876) germinates in response to inosine or to l-alanine, but the most rapid germination response is elicited by a combination of these germinants. mutants defective in their germination response to either inosine or to l-alanine were isolated after tn917-ltv1 mutagenesis and enrichment procedures; one class of mutant could not germinate in response to inosine as a sole germinant but still germinated in response to l-alanine, although at a reduced rate; another mutant g ...	1998	9852021
sphingomyelinase induces lipid microdomain formation in a fluid phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin membrane.	the behaviors of two chemically well-defined sphingolipids, n-palmitoyl-sphingomyelin (c16:0-sm) and the corresponding ceramide (c16:0-cer), in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (popc) matrix were compared. minor attenuation of lateral diffusion upon increasing the mole fraction of c16:0-sm (xsm, up to 0.25) was indicated by the slight decrement in the excimer/monomer intensity ratio (ie/im) for a trace amount (mole fraction x = 0.01) of a pyrene-labeled ceramide analogue ( ...	1998	9860872
surface pressure-dependent cross-modulation of sphingomyelinase and phospholipase a2 in monolayers.	we investigated the ways in which phospholipase a2 and sphingomyelinase are mutually modulated at lipid interfaces. the activity of one enzyme is affected by its own reaction products and by substrates and products of the other enzyme; all this depends differently on the lateral surface pressure. ceramide inhibits both the sphingomyelinase activity rate and the extent of degradation, and decreases the lag time at all surface pressures. dilauroyl- and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, the substrate ...	1998	9870902
synergist effect of sucrose fatty acid esters on nisin inhibition of gram-positive bacteria.	nisin in combination with the sucrose fatty acid esters, sucrose palmitate (p-1570 and p-1670) or sucrose stearate (s-1570 and s-1670) was tested against a range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. initial liquid culture investigation showed that the sugar ester p-1670 resulted in a synergist enhancement of the bacteriostatic activity of nisin against gram-positive bacteria and not gram-negative bacteria. some enhancement of the bactericidal activity of nisin against listeria monocytoge ...	1998	9871322