Publications

problems imposed by the new technology.		2006	1458757
health checks on patients 75 years and over in nottinghamshire after the new gp contract.	to investigate annual health checks for patients of 75 years and over required by the 1990 contract for general practitioners.	2006	1393076
the cellular and molecular biology of membrane transport. aps conference. orlando, florida, november 4-7, 1992. abstracts.		2006	1360685
adjuvant treatment in breast cancer.		2006	1346675
the proteins of poliovirus.		2006	1317596
conserved role of the linker alpha-helix of the bacterial disulfide isomerase dsbc in the avoidance of misoxidation by dsbb.	in the bacterial periplasm the co-existence of a catalyst of disulfide bond formation (dsba) that is maintained in an oxidized state and of a reduced enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of mispaired cysteine residues (dsbc) is important for the folding of proteins containing multiple disulfide bonds. the kinetic partitioning of the dsba/dsbb and dsbc/dsbd pathways partly depends on the ability of dsbb to oxidize dsba at rates >1000 times greater than dsbc. we show that the resistance of dsbc ...	2006	16280324
serotype differences and lack of biofilm formation characterize yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection of the xenopsylla cheopis flea vector of yersinia pestis.	yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, is usually transmitted by fleas. to produce a transmissible infection, y. pestis colonizes the flea midgut and forms a biofilm in the proventricular valve, which blocks normal blood feeding. the enteropathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis, from which y. pestis recently evolved, is not transmitted by fleas. however, both y. pestis and y. pseudotuberculosis form biofilms that adhere to the external mouthparts and block feeding of caenorhabditis elegans nematode ...	2006	16428415
a role for the smpb-ssra system in yersinia pseudotuberculosis pathogenesis.	yersinia utilizes a sophisticated type iii secretion system to enhance its chances of survival and to overcome the host immune system. smpb (small protein b) and ssra (small stable rna a) are components of a unique bacterial translational control system that help maintain the bacterial translational machinery in a fully operational state. we have found that loss of the smpb-ssra function causes acute defects in the ability of yersinia pseudotuberculosis to survive in hostile environments. most s ...	2006	16450010
seroprevalence of anti-yersinia antibodies in healthy austrians.	yersiniosis is caused by y. enterocolitica and y. pseudotuberculosis mostly presenting as intestinal infection. the infection is usually acquired from contaminated food. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-yersinia antibodies in austrians. sera of 750 healthy austrians from all nine states were tested for anti-yersinia igg antibodies using the recomblot yersinia westernblot kit. overall seroprevalence was 29.7%. seroprevalence increased significantly with age from 2 ...	2006	16450210
quorum sensing and the lifestyle of yersinia.	bacterial cell-to-cell communication ('quorum sensing') is mediated by structurally diverse, small diffusible signal molecules which regulate gene expression as a function of cell population density. many different gram-negative animal, plant and fish pathogens employ n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) as quorum sensing signal molecules which control diverse physiological processes including bioluminescence, swarming, antibiotic biosynthesis, plasmid conjugal transfer, biofilm development and viru ...	2006	16450882
identification of a domain in yersinia virulence factor yada that is crucial for extracellular matrix-specific cell adhesion and uptake.	for many pathogens, cell adhesion factors are critical virulence determinants. enteropathogenic yersinia species express the afimbrial adhesin yada, the prototype of a class of homotrimeric outer membrane adhesins, which mediates adherence to host cells by binding to extracellular matrix components. in this study, we demonstrate that different pathogenic functions are attributable to highly homologous yada proteins. yada of yersinia pseudotuberculosis (yada(pstb)) and yersinia enterocolitica (ya ...	2006	16488979
the proinflammatory response induced by wild-type yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection inhibits survival of yop mutants in the gastrointestinal tract and peyer's patches.	single-strain infections and coinfections are frequently used to assess roles of virulence factors in infected tissues. after oral inoculation of mice, yersinia pseudotuberculosis yope and yoph mutants colonize the intestines and peyer's patches in single-strain infections but fail to persist in competition with wild-type y. pseudotuberculosis, indicating that these two infection models provide different insights into the roles of yops. to determine how wild-type y. pseudotuberculosis hinders yo ...	2006	16495522
endoproteolytic processing of rhoa by rce1 is required for the cleavage of rhoa by yersinia enterocolitica outer protein t.	the bacterial toxin yersinia outer protein t (yopt) is a cysteine protease that cleaves rho gtpases immediately upstream of a carboxyl-terminal isoprenylcysteine. by clipping off the lipid anchor, yopt releases rho gtpases from membranes, resulting in rounding up of mammalian cells in culture. the proteolytic activity of yopt depends on the isoprenylation of the cysteine within the carboxyl-terminal caax motif, a reaction carried out by geranylgeranyltransferase type i. the caax motif (where "a" ...	2006	16495543
the twin arginine translocation system is essential for virulence of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.	yersinia species pathogenic to humans have been extensively characterized with respect to type iii secretion and its essential role in virulence. this study concerns the twin arginine translocation (tat) pathway utilized by gram-negative bacteria to secrete folded proteins across the bacterial inner membrane into the periplasmic compartment. we have shown that the yersinia tat system is functional and required for motility and contributes to acid resistance. a yersinia pseudotuberculosis mutant ...	2006	16495550
biosynthesis of a 3,6-dideoxyhexose: crystallization and x-ray diffraction of cdp-6-deoxy-l-threo-d-glycero-4-hexulose-3-dehydrase (e1) for ascarylose biosynthesis.	cdp-6-deoxy-l-threo-d-glycero-4-hexulose-3-dehydrase (e1), along with its reductase (e3), catalyzes the unusual c-3 deoxygenation of cdp-6-deoxy-l-threo-d-glycero-4-hexulose to form cdp-3,6-dideoxy-l-threo-d-glycero-4-hexulose in cdp-ascarylose biosynthesis [chen et al. (1996), biochemistry, 35, 16412-16420]. this dimeric [2fe-2s] protein, cloned from the bacteria yersinia pseudotuberculosis, is currently the only known example of an enzyme that uses a vitamin b6-derived pyridoxamine 5'-phosphat ...	2006	16511309
veterinary and medical aspects of abortion in danish sheep.	the danish sheep population totals around 144,000 animals, but little is known of the causes and prevalance of diseases. this study focuses on the causes of abortion in danish sheep. during one breeding season, aborted foetuses and stillbirths with signs of intrauterine death or malformation were submitted for laboratory examination from a population of 3,758 breeding ewes. samples from 24 incidents of abortion and 21 ewes delivering malformed lambs or lambs with ante partum decomposition were s ...	2006	16519752
determination of binding constants of lipopolysaccharides of different structure with chitosan.	the interaction of endotoxins--lipopolysaccharides (lps) different in degree of the o-specific chain polymerization--with 20- and 130-kd chitosan was studied using the competitive binding of lps with the complex of chitosan-anionic dye (tropaeolin 000-2) and the direct binding of (125)i-labeled lps with chitosan immobilized on sepharose 4b. the interaction of 20-kd chitosan with lps was non-cooperative, and immobilization of the polycation on sepharose resulted in its binding to (125)i-labeled l ...	2006	16545072
environmentally controlled invasion of cancer cells by engineered bacteria.	bacteria can sense their environment, distinguish between cell types, and deliver proteins to eukaryotic cells. here, we engineer the interaction between bacteria and cancer cells to depend on heterologous environmental signals. we have characterized invasin from yersinia pseudotuburculosis as an output module that enables escherichia coli to invade cancer-derived cells, including hela, hepg2, and u2os lines. to environmentally restrict invasion, we placed this module under the control of hetero ...	2006	16330045
recombinant escherichia coli expressing invasin targets the peyer's patches: the basis for a bacterial formulation for oral vaccination.	we have investigated the tropism of nonpathogenic recombinant invasive escherichia coli in the gastrointestinal tract and the efficacy of this invasive e. coli as an oral vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. e. coli expressing invasin from yersinia pseudotuberculosis selectively invade nonphagocytic cells in which beta(1)-integrin is expressed and accessible. following internalization the e. coli are degraded in the phagosome. coexpression of listeriolysin o (llo) mediates release of the content of ...	2006	16581299
exoenzyme s of pseudomonas aeruginosa is not able to induce apoptosis when cells express activated proteins, such as ras or protein kinase b/akt.	intracellular targeting of the pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins, such as exoenzyme s (exos), cause cell death, as well as morphological and physiological changes in various tissue culture cells and animal models. in this report we have investigated the mechanism behind exos-mediated cell death. in order to address this issue, we have used cell lines expressing activated forms of various components of the ras signalling pathway in order to evaluate the importance of the ras pathway for viability and ...	2006	16611230
effect of temperature on synthesis of polyphosphates in yersinia pseudotuberculosis and listeria monocytogenes under starvation conditions.	it was found that at low temperature (6-8 degrees c) in the absence of nitrogen supply and at the presence of phosphate ions in the medium, yersinia pseudotuberculosis and listeria monocytogenes are able to actively synthesize reserve substances as polyphosphates. most of the bacterial polyphosphates are alkali-soluble, especially at the preliminary stage of cell growth (lag-phase). this is proved by electron microscopic studies of ultrastructure of model microorganisms. during a long starvation ...	2006	16615864
the ser/thr kinase activity of the yersinia protein kinase a (ypka) is necessary for full virulence in the mouse, mollifying phagocytes, and disrupting the eukaryotic cytoskeleton.	the yersinia protein kinase a (ypka) is injected into host cells by the yersinial type three secretion system (ttss). ypka is widely believed to function within the host cell based on the fact that its kinase domain is clearly homologous to eukaryotic ser/thr kinases and that its enzymatic activity, when assayed in vitro, is dependent on eukaryotic-derived host factors. whether this activity is required for virulence has not been addressed. here, we report that a yersinia pseudotuberculosis stra ...	2006	16626927
direct visualization of red fluorescent lipoproteins indicates conservation of the membrane sorting rules in the family enterobacteriaceae.	chimeras created by fusing the monomeric red fluorescent protein (rfp) to a bacterial lipoprotein signal peptide (liporfps) were visualized in the cell envelope by epifluorescence microscopy. plasmolysis of the bacteria separated the inner and outer membranes, allowing the specific subcellular localization of liporfps to be determined in situ. when equipped with the canonical inner membrane lipoprotein retention signal cdsr, liporfp was located in the inner membrane in escherichia coli, whereas ...	2006	16672606
functional analysis of the yope gtpase-activating protein (gap) activity of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.	yope of yersinia pseudotuberculosis inactivates three members of the small rhogtpase family (rhoa, rac1 and cdc42) in vitro and mutation of a critical arginine abolishes both in vitro gtpase-activating protein (gap) activity and cytotoxicity towards hela cells, and renders the pathogen avirulent in a mouse model. to understand the functional role of yope, in vivo studies of the gap activity in infected eukaryotic cells were conducted. wild-type yope inactivated rac1 as early as 5 min after infec ...	2006	16681842
immunomodulatory properties of cumaside.	the medical lead, so-called cumaside, was created on the basis of triterpene oligoglycosides from the far-eastern edible sea cucumber (holothurian) cucumaria japonica and its immunomodulatory properties were studied. the haemolytic activity of cumaside was significantly reduced in comparison with original glycosides due to the glycoside-cholesterol complex formation. the influence of cumaside on mouse macrophages in low doses was accompanied by more then two-fold stimulation of lysosomal activit ...	2006	16714210
complete genome sequence of yersinia pestis strains antiqua and nepal516: evidence of gene reduction in an emerging pathogen.	yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plagues, has undergone detailed study at the molecular level. to further investigate the genomic diversity among this group and to help characterize lineages of the plague organism that have no sequenced members, we present here the genomes of two isolates of the "classical" antiqua biovar, strains antiqua and nepal516. the genomes of antiqua and nepal516 are 4.7 mb and 4.5 mb and encode 4,138 and 3,956 open reading frames, respective ...	2006	16740952
yersinia enterocolitica type iii secretion chaperone sycd: recombinant expression, purification and characterization of a homodimer.	yersinia species pathogenic to human benefit from a protein transport machinery, a type three secretion system (t3ss), which enables the bacteria to inject effector proteins into host cells. several of the transport substrates of the yersinia t3ss, called yops (yersinia outer proteins), are assisted by specific chaperones (syc for specific yop chaperone) prior to transport. yersinia enterocolitica sycd (lcrh in yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis) is a chaperone dedicated to the assi ...	2006	16750393
independent acquisition of site-specific recombination factors by asn trna gene-targeting genomic islands.	two genomic islands, namely the high-pathogenicity island (hpi) and ecoc54n target the same asn trna genes to integrate into the bacterial chromosome. the hpi encodes the siderophore yersiniabactin in the highly pathogenic yersinia group (yersinia pestis, yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia enterocolitica 1b) whilst the ecoc54n island possibly encodes a polyketide synthase with an unknown function in the uropathogenic escherichia coli cft073 strain. hpi encodes the recombinase that promotes ...	2006	16753337
yersinia pseudotuberculosis disseminates directly from a replicating bacterial pool in the intestine.	dissemination of yersinia pseudotuberculosis within mice after oral inoculation was analyzed. y. pseudotuberculosis translocated to organs such as the liver and spleen shortly after oral inoculation, but was quickly cleared. in contrast, a second temporally distinct bacterial translocation event resulted in successful hepatosplenic replication of the bacteria. replicating pools of bacteria could be established in these organs in mouse mutants that lacked peyer's patches. these animals frequently ...	2006	16754724
[anthropurgic foci of pseudotuberculosis and the mechanisms of their formation in groups of servicemen].	at the period of 1982 - 2003, morbidity rate in pseudotuberculosis and the yersinia pseudotuberculosis culture rates in groups of servicemen (from different abiotic objects, from humans and small rodents) in different geographic zones were studied. the cases of the isolation of y. pseudotuberculosis were most frequently registered in groups of servicemen in the far east and the kola peninsula. in these regions the highest morbidity rate in pseudotuberculosis was registered among servicemen. the ...	2006	16758891
[development of an immunochromayography assay method for the detection of yersinia pestis].	to develop a method of immunochromatography assay (ica) with sensitive, specific, rapid, simple and suitable for the detection of yersinia pestis antigen at the local laboratories.	2006	16792900
mesenteric adenitis caused by yersinia pseudotubercolosis in a patient subsequently diagnosed with crohn's disease of the terminal ileum.	although the association between inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal infections has been suggested, the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease (cd) are still undetermined. we report the case of a man, who presented with mesenteric adenitis initially due to a yersinia pseudotubercolosis infection, who was later diagnosed with crohn's disease. this case is in keeping with recent evidence in the literature which suggests that cd is a disease linked to abnormal immune ...	2006	16804986
a non-invasive quantitative assay to measure murine intestinal inflammation using the neutrophil marker lactoferrin.	intestinal inflammation in mice is most frequently assessed by histology or facs, processes that necessitate sacrificing mice. we developed a lactoferrin elisa for murine feces to quantify intestinal inflammation in mice with enteric infections or colitis. levels of fecal lactoferrin, a protein secreted by activated neutrophils, were consistent with neutrophil infiltration as assessed by histology, indicating that this fecal lactoferrin elisa is a good alternative to histology. the fecal lactofe ...	2006	16806255
h-ns represses inv transcription in yersinia enterocolitica through competition with rova and interaction with ymoa.	yersinia enterocolitica is able to efficiently invade peyer's patches with the aid of invasin, an outer member protein involved in the attachment and invasion of m cells. invasin is encoded by inv, which is positively regulated by rova in both y. enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis while negatively regulated by ymoa in y. enterocolitica and h-ns in y. pseudotuberculosis. in this study we present data indicating h-ns and rova bind directly and specifically to the inv promoter of y. ent ...	2006	16816182
modulation of complement activity in vitro and in vivo by yersinia wild and mutant strains.	the ability of released proteins (yops) and surface lipopolysaccharides (lps) from the wild-type strain yersinia enterocolitica 8081-l2, serotype 0:8 to influence the complement activity was determined. yops and lps from wild-type and mutant strains showed different ability to affect the classical pathway (cp) functional complement activity in vitro. the serum cp activity was inhibited during the infection induced with six y. enterocolitica and three y. pseudotuberculosis strains in rabbits. the ...	2006	16821708
a computational tool for the genomic identification of regions of unusual compositional properties and its utilization in the detection of horizontally transferred sequences.	similarity plot (s-plot) is a windows-based application for large-scale comparisons and 2-dimensional visualization of compositional similarities between genomic sequences. this application combines 2 approaches widely used in genomics: window analysis of statistical characteristics along genomes and dot-plot visual representation. s-plot is effective in identifying highly similar regions between genomes as well as regions with unusual compositional properties (rucps) within a single genome, whi ...	2006	16829541
[adaptive ultrastructural changes in soil-resident yersinia pseudotuberculosis bacteria].	after the prolonged residence (from 1 month to 2 years) in flow soil columns at 6 - 8 degrees c and 18 - 20 degrees c a complex of ultrastructural changes was detected in y. pseudotuberculosis bacteria, depending on temperature, the duration of residence in the soil and, to a definite extent, on the strain. they were manifested in the form of cell-wall changes, the formation of the capsule and intercellular slime, changes in the ribosomal saturation of cytoplasm and the conformation state of dna ...	2006	16830587
[immunogenicity of b-antigen in experimental plague and pseudotuberculosis].	the results of the evaluation of the immunogenic properties of b-antigen, earlier identified in the culture fluid of yersinia pseudotuberculosis submerged culture, with respect to experimental plague and pseudotuberculosis are presented. b-antigen has been shown to produce protective effect in guinea pigs and, probably, hamadryas baboons, but not in white mice infected with the causative agent of plague. immunizaton with b-antigen protects guinea pigs from primary pneumonic plague caused by both ...	2006	16830590
[yersinia lipopolysaccharide and its biological activity].	the data on the structure and biological activity of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of yersinia as an important virulence factor are analyzed. the biological effects of lps are characterized by dose dependence: small doses stimulate the intensity of phagocytosis, while large doses decrease phagocytic activity and produce cytotoxic effect. yersinia lps plays an important role in the development of such consequences of yersiniosis as reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum, reiter's syndrome. yersinia ...	2006	16830602
genomic comparison of yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis by combination of suppression subtractive hybridization and dna microarray.	in order to further figure out the genetic differences between yersinia pestis and yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and to provide novel insights into the evolution of y. pestis, we compared the genomes of y. pseudotuberculosis serogroup i strain atcc29833 and y. pestis antiqua strain 49006 using a combination of suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) and comparative genomic hybridization with dnas from a diverse panel of y. pestis and y. pseudotuberculosis strains. ssh followed by blast analys ...	2006	16832628
the serodiagnosis of human infections with yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis.	the techniques of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and immunoblotting were evaluated for the serodiagnosis of human infections with yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. lipopolysaccharide (lps) was prepared from strains comprising four serogroups of y. enterocolitica and five serogroups of y. pseudotuberculosis, tested against 200 sera submitted to the laboratory of enteric pathogens for routine serodiagnosis, and shown to contain antibodie ...	2006	16872375
yersinia pseudotuberculosis adhesins regulate tissue-specific colonization and immune cell localization in a mouse model of systemic infection.	yersinia pseudotuberculosis mutants deficient for the adhesins invasin and/or yada were injected intravenously into balb/c mice. invasin expression inhibited colonization of the liver and spleen. yada decreased liver colonization but promoted growth within the lung. the persistence of leukocytes within liver microabscesses correlated with enhanced colonization and lack of adhesin expression.	2006	16920785
comparison of yope and yopt activities in counteracting host signalling responses to yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection.	pathogenic yersinia species share a type iii secretion system that translocates yop effector proteins into host cells to counteract signalling responses during infection. two of these effectors, yope and yopt, downregulate rho gtpases by different mechanisms. here, we investigate whether yopt and yope are functionally redundant by dissecting the contribution of these two effectors to the pathogenesis of yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a mouse infection and tissue culture model. four days after or ...	2006	16922868
yersinia pestis yopj suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha induction and contributes to apoptosis of immune cells in the lymph node but is not required for virulence in a rat model of bubonic plague.	the virulence of the pathogenic yersinia species depends on a plasmid-encoded type iii secretion system that transfers six yop effector proteins into host cells. one of these proteins, yopj, has been shown to disrupt host cell signaling pathways involved in proinflammatory cytokine production and to induce macrophage apoptosis in vitro. yopj-dependent apoptosis in mesenteric lymph nodes has also been demonstrated in a mouse model of yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection. these results suggest th ...	2006	16926404
rova, a global regulator of yersinia pestis, specifically required for bubonic plague.	the pathogenic species of yersinia contain the transcriptional regulator rova. in yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia enterocolitica, rova regulates expression of the invasion factor invasin (inv), which mediates translocation across the intestinal epithelium. a y. enterocolitica rova mutant has a significant decrease in virulence by ld(50) analysis and an altered rate of dissemination compared with either wild type or an inv mutant, suggesting that rova regulates multiple virulence factors ...	2006	16938880
abdominal aortic aneurysm infected by yersinia pseudotuberculosis.	infected aneurysms caused by yersinia are very uncommon and are principally due to yersinia enterocolitica. we describe the first case of an infected aneurysm caused by yersinia pseudotuberculosis in an elderly patient with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.	2006	16954300
yersinia virulence depends on mimicry of host rho-family nucleotide dissociation inhibitors.	yersinia spp. cause gastroenteritis and the plague, representing historically devastating pathogens that are currently an important biodefense and antibiotic resistance concern. a critical virulence determinant is the yersinia protein kinase a, or ypka, a multidomain protein that disrupts the eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton. here we solve the crystal structure of a ypka-rac1 complex and find that ypka possesses a rac1 binding domain that mimics host guanidine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (gd ...	2006	16959567
current trends in plague research: from genomics to virulence.	yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague, which diverged from yersinia pseudotuberculosis within the past 20,000 years. although these two species share a high degree of homology at the dna level (>90%), they differ radically in their pathogenicity and transmission. in this review, we briefly outline the known virulence factors that differentiate these two species and emphasize genetic studies that have been conducted comparing y. pestis and y. pseudotuberculosis. these comparisons have ...	2006	16988099
hepatic yersiniosis in a cougar (felis concolor).	a cougar (felis concolor) was diagnosed with hepatic yersiniosis by bacterial culture and histopathology. the animal had a 2-week history of anorexia and jaundice before its death. grossly, the liver exhibited caseo-necrotic foci. histopathologically, there was necrotizing and suppurative hepatitis, with large numbers of intralesional gram-negative coccobacilli. additional hepatic lesions included central vein thrombosis, lymphoplasmacytic portal hepatitis, and capsulitis. yersinia pseudotubercu ...	2006	17037628
an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness and erythema nodosum from grated carrots contaminated with yersinia pseudotuberculosis.	outbreaks of yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection have been epidemiologically linked to fresh produce, but the bacterium has not been recovered from the food items implicated. in may 2003, a cluster of gastrointestinal illness and erythema nodosum was detected among schoolchildren who had eaten lunches prepared by the same institutional kitchen.	2006	17041846
a small-molecule inhibitor of type iii secretion inhibits different stages of the infectious cycle of chlamydia trachomatis.	the intracellular pathogen chlamydia trachomatis possesses a type iii secretion (tts) system believed to deliver a series of effector proteins into the inclusion membrane (inc-proteins) as well as into the host cytosol with perceived consequences for the pathogenicity of this common venereal pathogen. recently, small molecules were shown to block the tts system of yersinia pseudotuberculosis. here, we show that one of these compounds, inp0400, inhibits intracellular replication and infectivity o ...	2006	16973741
the use of bacterial minicells to transfer plasmid dna to eukaryotic cells.	the delivery of dna to mammalian cells is of critical importance to the development of genetic vaccines, gene replacement therapies and gene silencing. for these applications, targeting, effective dna transfer and vector safety are the major roadblocks in furthering development. in this report, we present a novel dna delivery vehicle that makes use of protoplasted, achromosomal bacterial minicells. transfer of plasmid dna as measured by green fluorescent protein expression was found to occur in ...	2006	16984417
rovm, a novel lysr-type regulator of the virulence activator gene rova, controls cell invasion, virulence and motility of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.	rova is a marr-type transcriptional regulator that controls transcription of rova, the expression of the primary invasive factor invasin and other virulence genes of yersinia pseudotuberculosis in response to environmental signals. using a genetic approach to identify regulatory components that negatively influence rova expression, we identified a new lysr-type regulatory protein, designated rovm, which exhibits homology to the virulence regulator pect/hexa of plant pathogenic erwinia species. d ...	2006	17074075
disruption of rhogdi and rhoa regulation by a rac1 specificity switch mutant.	rho family gtpases are important regulators of the actin cytoskeleton. activation of these proteins can be promoted by guanine nucleotide exchange factors containing dbl and pleckstrin homology domains resulting in membrane insertion of a rho family member, whereas the inactive gdp-bound form is sequestered primarily in the cytoplasm, bound to the guanosine dissociation inhibitor rhogdi. dominant interfering variants of rac1, but not cdc42, inhibit beta1 integrin-promoted uptake of yersinia pseu ...	2006	17074770
characterization of spnq from the spinosyn biosynthetic pathway of saccharopolyspora spinosa: mechanistic and evolutionary implications for c-3 deoxygenation in deoxysugar biosynthesis.	the c-3 deoxygenation step in the biosynthesis of d-forosamine (4-n,n-dimethylamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-d-threo-hexopyranose), a constituent of spinosyn produced by saccharopolyspora spinosa, was investigated. the spnq gene, proposed to encode a tdp-4-keto-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose 3-dehydratase was cloned and overexpressed in e. coli. characterization of the purified enzyme established that it is a pmp and iron-sulfur containing enzyme which catalyzes the c-3 deoxygenation in a reductase-dependent m ...	2006	17076492
analysis of kawasaki disease showing elevated antibody titres of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.	to elucidate a clinical difference between patients with kawasaki disease documented with yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection and patients with kawasaki disease without yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection.	2006	17129979
amplification of sense-stranded prokaryotic rna.	microarray expression analysis has proven to be a valuable methodology. in eukaryotic systems where rna is limiting, established protocols for amplification of mrna, which rely on the poly(a) tails, are well established. in contrast, the difficulty in amplifying prokaryotic mrna has limited the application of microarrays to microbiology. here we present a method for the linear amplification of prokaryotic transcripts (lapt) that is efficient and unbiased. the overhang tailing activity of moloney ...	2006	17132093
isolation and characterization of a low-molecular-weight immunoglobulin-binding protein from yersinia pseudotuberculosis.	a low-molecular-weight immunoglobulin-binding protein (ibp) bound with the cell envelope has been isolated from yersinia pseudotuberculosis cells and partially characterized. this ibp is a hydrophilic protein with a high polarity index of 55.3%. the molecular weight of the protein has been determined by maldi-tof mass spectrometry as 14.3 kd. cd spectroscopy showed that the ibp has high contents of the beta-structure and random coil structure. the ibp contains glycine as the n-terminal amino aci ...	2006	17140390
influence of culture conditions and virulence plasmids on expression of immunoglobulin-binding proteins of yersinia pseudotuberculosis.	the influence of culture conditions and plasmids on immunoglobulin (ig)-binding activity of two isogenic strains of yersinia pseudotuberculosis (plasmid-free strain 48(-)82(-) and strain 48(+)82(+) bearing plasmids pyv48 and pvm82) was studied. the highest activity was observed in the bacteria grown on glucose-containing liquid medium in the stationary growth phase. the ig-binding activity of the bacteria cultured on the liquid medium at ph 6.0 was about 1.5-fold higher than that of the bacteria ...	2006	17140391
[genotyping of yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated in siberia and far east].	genotypic characteristics based three main factors of pathogenicity (presence of resident plasmids [pyv, pvm], gene of toxin-superantigen ypm and nine genes for high pathogenicity island [hpi]) of 212 strains of y. pseudotuberculosis isolated in siberia and far east were studied. it was shown that strains of y. pseudotuberculosis with one of two variants of plasmids 82:47 mda and 47 mda (60.8% and 31.6% respectively) are predominated. gene ypma was detected in 96.2% of isolated strains. eight st ...	2006	17163133
[yersinia pseudotuberculosis toxins].	the review of publications about protein toxins y. pseudotuberculosis are presented. it includes the main data obtained by domestic and foreign investigators as well as the results of our own elaboration in the study of y. pseudotuberculosis protein toxins. the guestions of isolation, purification, characterization of physico-chemical and biological properties, the mechanism action and role of toxins on pathogenesis of infection were discussed.	2006	17163146
the complete genome sequence and comparative genome analysis of the high pathogenicity yersinia enterocolitica strain 8081.	the human enteropathogen, yersinia enterocolitica, is a significant link in the range of yersinia pathologies extending from mild gastroenteritis to bubonic plague. comparison at the genomic level is a key step in our understanding of the genetic basis for this pathogenicity spectrum. here we report the genome of y. enterocolitica strain 8081 (serotype 0:8; biotype 1b) and extensive microarray data relating to the genetic diversity of the y. enterocolitica species. our analysis reveals that the ...	2006	17173484
relationships between plants and enterobacteria that are pathogenic for humans.		2006	17425047
[humoral response to selected antigens of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the course of yersiniosis in humans. i. occurrence of antibodies to yersinia lipopolisacharydes and yop proteins by elisa].	the antibodies against the somatic antigens of y. enterocolitica o3, o8, o9, o5,27,y. pseudotuberculosis i, and released proteins yop were detected using the elisa in 1634 serum samples and 84 synovial fluids collected from 1290 persons suspected for yersiniosis, as well as 200 serum samples from healthy individuals (blood donors). the presence of antibody in diagnostically significant titres for somatic antigens of yersinia were detected by elisa in 20.5% and 50.6%, antibodies for released prot ...	2006	17642308
[humoral response to selected antigens of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the course of yersiniosis in humans. i. occurrence of antibodies to yersinia yop proteins by western-blot].	the results obtained with the use of the western-blotting showed that antibodies for released proteins yopd (33-36 kda) were the most frequently detected antibodies in serum samples from patients suspected for yersiniosis. reactions between serum samples studied and the yopd protein were very intense, suggesting that protein is the strongest immunogen among the utilised, released proteins yop of yersinia. antibodies igm were more often diagnosed in patients with abdominal pain in the contrary to ...	2006	17642309
acute myocardial infarction after blunt chest trauma in young people: need for prompt intervention.	we describe four cases of acute myocardial infarction in young patients, secondary to blunt chest trauma. one case was treated with intracoronary thrombolysis and angioplasty, two cases received systemic thrombolysis, and the last one did not have any reperfusion therapy. the coronary angiograms of the left anterior descending artery showed thrombosis in two cases, coronary dissection in one case, and no morphological lesions in the other. we encourage the early performance of angiographic studi ...	2006	1764738
transcatheter management of pseudoaneurysms complicating pancreatitis.	hemorrhage from rupture of an arterial pseudoaneurysm is a potentially fatal complication of pancreatitis. seventeen patients underwent transcatheter embolization of 23 arteries for the treatment of 20 arterial pseudoaneurysms secondary to pancreatitis. their records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical benefit of transcatheter therapy. at presentation, 15 of the 17 patients had gastrointestinal, intrasplenic, retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, or postoperative wound bleeding. t ...	2006	1797219
transcatheter management of pseudoaneurysms complicating pancreatitis.	hemorrhage from rupture of an arterial pseudoaneurysm is a potentially fatal complication of pancreatitis. seventeen patients underwent transcatheter embolization of 23 arteries for the treatment of 20 arterial pseudoaneurysms secondary to pancreatitis. their records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical benefit of transcatheter therapy. at presentation, 15 of the 17 patients had gastrointestinal, intrasplenic, retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, or postoperative wound bleeding. t ...	2006	1797219
isolation of monocytic serine esterase and evaluation of its proteolytic activity.	monocytes are characterized by high activity of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (anae), distinguishing them from all other blood cells. the physiological function of this monocyte marker enzyme has not yet been elucidated. in this study anae's potential proteolytic activity was analyzed because serine esterases/proteases can function as effector molecules in cell-mediated cytotoxicity and because monocytes-macrophages are known to exert cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. this enzyme was purified ...	2006	1564403
"raynaud's disease" in migraineurs: one entity or two?	two cases are reported of patients who were diagnosed as having both migraine and raynaud's disease. because they were able to achieve effective control of both headaches and extremity temperature after undergoing a comprehensive approach--utilizing medication, biofeedback, and psychotherapy--it is suggested that both conditions are manifestations of the same disorder. it is recommended that a first step in approaching concurrent diagnoses of this type involve combined treatment as is often used ...	2006	1446993
beta 2 agonist therapy: oral versus inhaled delivery.	although there is a place for administering oral medication, the inhaled route of administration for both bronchodilator and prophylactic purposes has been definitely shown to be the preferred route in numerous studies. the rapid onset of action, equivalent activity, and reduction in systemic effects all should lead the clinician to this form of therapy. care must be taken to ensure proper utilization of the different types of inhalational medication to optimize their effectiveness.	2006	1347526
beta 2 agonist therapy: oral versus inhaled delivery.	although there is a place for administering oral medication, the inhaled route of administration for both bronchodilator and prophylactic purposes has been definitely shown to be the preferred route in numerous studies. the rapid onset of action, equivalent activity, and reduction in systemic effects all should lead the clinician to this form of therapy. care must be taken to ensure proper utilization of the different types of inhalational medication to optimize their effectiveness.	2006	1347526
hla-drw11, dqw7 has four cellular subtypes revealed by homozygous typing cells and undetected by restriction fragment length polymorphism.	hla-drw11 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with dqw7. we have investigated the heterogeneity of drw11, dqw7 by cellular typing and by hla cdna probes. the results obtained by local and other homozygous typing cells in four informative caucasoid families and 20 genotyped individuals demonstrate the existence of at least four different cellular subtypes. the frequency of drw11, dqw7 is 25.7% with the following distribution of subtypes: dw5 (17.3%), jac (4.2%), jvm (2.8%), tis (0.7%), and blank ...	2006	1676026
[nurses and professional secret].		2006	3645907
[nurses and professional secret].		2006	3645907
pathways of destruction in metacarpal and metatarsal joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	219 metatarsal (mtp) and 69 metacarpal (mcp) capitulae obtained during surgery from patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis (ra) were histologically evaluated. this evaluation, focussing on primary pathways of joint destruction by tumor-like proliferated synovial cell masses revealed 3 pathways of aggression: pathway a: in 15% aggression onto the articular cartilage only. pathway b: in 49% direct invasion exclusively into the cortical bone. pathway c: in 36% a "forceps-like" aggression, a co ...	2006	1570480
collaborative care documentation by exception system.	development of a workstation-based documentation system supporting collaborative care and nurse charting by exception has been underway for the last two and one-half years at vanderbilt university medical center in nashville, tennessee. the pathways system has undergone two major revisions and is currently implemented on three nursing units. the system supports collaborative care by providing a mechanism for entry and printing of collaborative care pathways and collection of exception data. pape ...	2006	1482850
[a case of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with cerebral infarction].		2006	1479231
ga-67 citrate scan in vascular graft infection.	the clinical utility of the ga-67 scan has been studied in 9 patients with clinical suspicion of vascular graft infection. eleven grafts were analyzed: 4 aortobifemoral, 2 iliofemoral, 3 femoropopliteal, 1 axillofemoral, and 1 axillobifemoral. the ga-67 scan was positive in 8 grafts with bacteriological proof of infection and negative in 3 grafts in which infection was ruled out by clinical follow-up. a ga-67 scan also demonstrated the spread of infection to the thigh in two patients and to the ...	2006	1489633
comparing clinical tests of visual loss in cataract patients using a quantification of forward light scatter.		2006	1794427
tm.		2006	1489393
rapid pacing heart failure.		2006	1360333
hla haplotype sharing in rheumatoid arthritis sibships: risk estimates in siblings.	the distribution of the number of parental hla haplotypes shared by sibs with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) has been used to obtain information on the genetics of the disease. thirty-four ra sibships (25 sib-pairs, 9 sib-trios) were ascertained, all of which were hla typed and which satisfied the 1958 american rheumatism association criteria for "definite" ra. these were combined with other published but nonoverlapping data from the literature; thus, 143 sib-pairs, 36 sib-trios and 4 sibquads were i ...	2006	1570492
the influence of pigmentation and illumination on the perception of erythema.	the visual assessment of erythema induced by ultraviolet radiation (uvr) involves a comparison of the irradiated site with surrounding nonirradiated skin. by viewing the skin through plastic filters of varying shades of brown to simulate different degrees of pigmentation and under either incandescent or fluorescent lighting, we were able to examine the influence of pigmentation and illumination on the perception of erythema. illuminating the skin with either light source at the same illuminance ...	2006	1489713
[margareta hallberg (correction of hallman), nursing instructor and researcher: male dominance is not always oppression].		2006	1636318
interictal hm-pao spect: a routine investigation in patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures?	single photon emission computed tomography (spect) is increasingly being used as an adjunctive technique in the localisation of epileptogenic foci prior to surgery. as yet, few studies have been undertaken to establish the clinical associations of areas of reduced cerebral perfusion. sixty-three consecutive patients (15 male, 48 female; median age 30 years, range 14-57 years) with medically intractable complex partial seizures (median/month 8, range 1-36) were investigated as outpatients. all ha ...	2006	1478200
antibiotic resistance associated with selective decontamination of the digestive tract.	selective decontamination of the digestive tract (sdd) appears to reduce infection, particularly pneumonia, in intensive care, and some patients benefit markedly. gram-positive overgrowth and antibiotic resistance in both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms has been recorded. however, the clinical and epidemiological significance of these observations is still debated. future studies will need to be of sufficient size and duration to provide good quality data on which the safety and effica ...	2006	1358943
[the use of ethonium electrophoresis in treating patients with atherosclerotic encephalopathy].	the new property of ethonium as an angioprotector makes it possible to use ethonium electrophoresis in the treatment of patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy of atherosclerotic genesis. treatment results in a hypocholesterolemic effect, improvement of rheoencephalography data and lipid peroxidation.	2006	1448988
ictal hemimacropsia.		2006	1579240
osteocalcin 24-hour profiles during normal pregnancy.	the interpretation of previous data on osteocalcin during pregnancy has been complicated by the fact that serum levels, at least in nonpregnant women, display a significant circadian variation. in the present study, serum concentrations of osteocalcin were recorded for 24 h in 12 individual women. in 4 nonpregnant women, there were striking diurnal fluctuations during the sampling period, with values ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 ng/ml. one woman who was investigated in the 11th week of pregnancy show ...	2006	1487175
hypocalcemia complicating deferoxamine therapy in an infant with parenteral nutrition-associated aluminum overload: evidence for a role of aluminum in the bone disease of infants.	aluminum (al) contaminates total parenteral nutrition (tpn) solutions given to infants, and high levels of al have been demonstrated in their bone, serum, and urine. however, it is uncertain whether al at current levels of contamination of tpn solutions is harmful to bone. we report an 8-month-old infant who developed osteopenic bone disease while receiving tpn, which did not respond to large amounts of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin d2. serum and urine al levels were greatly elevated and fell ...	2006	2515268
[sonographic detection of ureteroceles in newborn infants].		2006	1566191
[the reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis in persons in registry groups iii and vii and those removed from dispensary observation].	clinicoroentgenological findings on 3262 patients registered in groups iii and vii of the dispensary observation were studied for a period of 12 years and 425 cases of tuberculosis relapses were analyzed. on the basis of the data it was suggested to divide tuberculosis relapses into real reactivation (65.6 per cent) and pseudoreactivation (26.4 per cent). pseudoreactivation of tuberculosis in 46.4 and 42.0 per cent of the patients was diagnosed because of mistakes of roentgenologists and phthisi ...	2006	2628978
autoradiographic localization in polychaete embryos of tritiated mesulergine, a selective antagonist of serotonin receptors that inhibits early polychaete development.	developing embryos of the polychaete ophryotrochal labronica were exposed to tritiated mesulergine, a selective antagonist of the serotonin receptors 5-ht1c and 5-ht2, that also has significant affinity to dopamine d-2 sites, and the labeling was analyzed by autoradiography. already at the earliest developmental stages (1-4 cells), numerous silver grains visualizing 3h-mesulergine binding sites and possibly also serotonin receptors were recorded over the cytoplasm, mostly in association with dec ...	2006	1525017
amiodarone. the dilemma of hyperthyroxinaemia and the treatment of thyrotoxicosis.	the use of amiodarone, a drug which is prescribed increasingly as an anti-anginal and anti-arrhythmic agent, necessitates a high index of suspicion for the development of thyroid disorders, especially thyrotoxicosis. two cases, which illustrate the diagnostic dilemma of hyperthyroxinaemia and the poor response to antithyroid medication, are described. during amiodarone therapy, the clinical features of thyrotoxicosis may be masked or atypical, and the choice of therapy is complicated by a delaye ...	2006	3923304
amiodarone. the dilemma of hyperthyroxinaemia and the treatment of thyrotoxicosis.	the use of amiodarone, a drug which is prescribed increasingly as an anti-anginal and anti-arrhythmic agent, necessitates a high index of suspicion for the development of thyroid disorders, especially thyrotoxicosis. two cases, which illustrate the diagnostic dilemma of hyperthyroxinaemia and the poor response to antithyroid medication, are described. during amiodarone therapy, the clinical features of thyrotoxicosis may be masked or atypical, and the choice of therapy is complicated by a delaye ...	2006	3923304
serum electrolytes and parathyroid hormone in patients in a coronary care unit.	a prospective study was carried out in 499 patients admitted to a coronary care unit (ccu) in order to evaluate the incidence of clinically significant electrolyte disturbances. low serum potassium values (less than 3.6 mmol l) occurred in 7% of the ccu patients and low serum magnesium values (less than 0.70 mmol l-1) in 6%. few patients had low values of both these ions (1.9%). in 49 patients the contents of these electrolytes in muscle biopsies were similar to the values of control subjects an ...	2006	2563748
palliative bipolar electrocoagulation treatment of malignant gastroesophageal strictures.	seventeen patients with non-resectable circumferential malignant strictures of the esophagus (n = 13) or the gastroesophageal junction (n = 4) were treated with a bipolar electrocoagulation tumor probe (bicap). none had received prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy. the mean tumor length was 7.2 cm. after treatment swallowing was improved in 86.7% of the patients. the mean duration of response to the first treatment was 18 days. three major complications (1 fatal hemorrhage, 2 tracheoesophageal fi ...	2006	1702560
palliative bipolar electrocoagulation treatment of malignant gastroesophageal strictures.	seventeen patients with non-resectable circumferential malignant strictures of the esophagus (n = 13) or the gastroesophageal junction (n = 4) were treated with a bipolar electrocoagulation tumor probe (bicap). none had received prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy. the mean tumor length was 7.2 cm. after treatment swallowing was improved in 86.7% of the patients. the mean duration of response to the first treatment was 18 days. three major complications (1 fatal hemorrhage, 2 tracheoesophageal fi ...	2006	1702560
glove perforation in foot surgery.	a total of 391 pairs of gloves were tested for punctures after 100 consecutive foot surgery operations to assess the rate, site, procedure, and maneuver during which glove puncture accidents took place. evidence of perforation was found in 23% of the gloves used. the surgeons are significantly more at risk of glove perforation than the other members of the operating team.	2006	1855709