Publications

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from waste to plastic: synthesis of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) in shimwellia blattae.in recent years, glycerol has become an attractive carbon source for microbial processes, as it accumulates massively as a by-product of biodiesel production, also resulting in a decline of its price. a potential use of glycerol in biotechnology is the synthesis of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3hp)], a biopolymer with promising properties which is not synthesized by any known wild-type organism. in this study, the genes for 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (dhat) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldd ...201323542629
diagnosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in bone marrow transplant patients with bloodstream infections.early identification of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections (bsis) decreases morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. the aim of the present study was to compare real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with commercial kits for detection of 17 pathogens from blood culture (bc) and 10 antimicrobial resistance genes.201323560388
lateral transfer and gc content of bacterial resistant genes. 201323487592
midgut microbial community of culex quinquefasciatus mosquito populations from india.the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus is a ubiquitous species that serves as a major vector for west nile virus and lymphatic filariasis. ingestion of bloodmeal by females triggers a series of physiological processes in the midgut and also exposes them to infection by these pathogens. the bacteria normally harbored in the midgut are known to influence physiology and can also alter the response to various pathogens. the midgut bacteria in female cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected over a larg ...201324312223
prevalence and antibiogram of extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing gram negative bacilli and further molecular characterization of esbl producing escherichia coli and klebsiella spp.resistance to a wide variety of common antimicrobials has made the proliferation of extended spectrum β-lactmase (esbl) producing strains a serious global health concern that has complicated treatment strategies. the high proportion of esbl producers among the enterobacteriaceae and the complex molecular epidemiology with diverse types of esbl genes are alarming. this study was undertaken to identify esbl production in various gram negative bacilli isolated and to further characterize esbl produ ...201324298468
the spectrum of acute bacterial meningitis in elderly patients.we conducted a prospective, observational study in barcelona to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome of elderly patients with acute bacterial meningitis (abm) compared with younger adults.201323446215
phylogenomic analysis identifies gene gains that define salmonella enterica subspecies i.comparative methods for analyzing whole genome sequence (wgs) data enable us to assess the genetic information available for reconstructing the evolutionary history of pathogens. we used the comparative approach to determine diagnostic genes for salmonella enterica subspecies i. s. enterica subsp. i strains are known to infect warm-blooded organisms regularly while its close relatives tend to infect only cold-blooded organisms. we found 71 genes gained by the common ancestor of salmonella enteri ...201324204679
microbial carriage of cockroaches at a tertiary care hospital in ghana.cockroaches are common in the environment of many hospitals in ghana; however, little is known about their public health risks. to evaluate potential risks, we investigated the external and internal microbial flora of 61 cockroaches from a tertiary hospital in ghana and evaluated the antibiotic resistance profiles of the common bacterial species. standard methods were used in all the microbiological investigations and antibiotic susceptibility testing. a rotavirus carriage rate of 19.7% was obse ...201324137051
ambulatory pediatric oncology clabsis: epidemiology and risk factors.to compare the burden of central line-associated bloodstream infections (clabsis) in ambulatory versus inpatient pediatric oncology patients, and identify the epidemiology of and risk factors associated with ambulatory clabsis.201323881643
riboswitch control of induction of aminoglycoside resistance acetyl and adenyl-transferases.the acquisition of antibiotic resistance by human pathogens poses a significant threat to public health. the mechanisms that control the proliferation and expression of antibiotic resistance genes are not yet completely understood. the aminoglycosides are a historically important class of antibiotics that were introduced in the 1940s. aminoglycoside resistance is conferred most commonly through enzymatic modification of the drug or enzymatic modification of the target rrna through methylation or ...201323880830
effect of postharvest uv-c treatment on the bacterial diversity of ataulfo mangoes by pcr-dgge, survival of e. coli and antimicrobial activity.since mexico is the second largest exporter of mangoes, its safety assurance is essential. research in microbial ecology and knowledge of complex interactions among microbes must be better understood to achieve maximal control of pathogens. therefore, we investigated the effect of uv-c treatments on bacterial diversity of the ataulfo mangoes surface using pcr-dgge analysis of variable region v3 of 16s rrna genes, and the survival of e. coli, by plate counting. the uv-c irradiation reduced the mi ...201323761788
rise and dissemination of aminoglycoside resistance: the aac(6')-ib paradigm.enzymatic modification is a prevalent mechanism by which bacteria defeat the action of antibiotics. aminoglycosides are often inactivated by aminoglycoside modifying enzymes encoded by genes present in the chromosome, plasmids, and other genetic elements. the aac(6')-ib (aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase type ib) is an enzyme of clinical importance found in a wide variety of gram-negative pathogens. the aac(6')-ib enzyme is of interest not only because of his ubiquity but also because of oth ...201323730301
diffusely adherent escherichia coli strains isolated from children and adults constitute two different populations.diffusely adherent escherichia coli (daec) have been considered a diarrheagenic category of e. coli for which several potential virulence factors have been described in the last few years. despite this, epidemiological studies involving daec have shown inconsistent results. in this work, two different collections of daec possessing afa/dr genes, from children and adults, were studied regarding characteristics potentially associated to virulence.201323374248
epithelial cells augment barrier function via activation of the toll-like receptor 2/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway upon recognition of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium curli fibrils in the gut.curli fibrils, the best-characterized functional bacterial amyloids, are an important component of enterobacterial biofilms. we have previously shown that curli fibrils are recognized by the toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2)/tlr1 heterodimer complex. utilizing polarized t-84 cells, an intestinal epithelial cell line derived from colon carcinoma grown on semipermeable tissue culture inserts, we determined that infection with a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium csgba mutant, which does not express ...201323208603
a treatment plant receiving waste water from multiple bulk drug manufacturers is a reservoir for highly multi-drug resistant integron-bearing bacteria.the arenas and detailed mechanisms for transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between environmental bacteria and pathogens are largely unclear. selection pressures from antibiotics in situations where environmental bacteria and human pathogens meet are expected to increase the risks for such gene transfer events. we hypothesize that waste-water treatment plants (wwtps) serving antibiotic manufacturing industries may provide such spawning grounds, given the high bacterial densities present there ...201324204801
naoh-debittering induces changes in bacterial ecology during table olives fermentation.limited information is available on the impact of the naoh treatment on table olive fermentations, and for this reason a polyphasic approach has been adopted here to investigate its effect on the fermentation dynamics and bacterial biodiversity. the microbial counts of the main groups involved in the transformation have not shown any differences, apart from a more prompt start of the fermentation when the olives were subjected to the naoh treatment. the data produced by culture-independent analy ...201323935928
simultaneous and rapid detection of salmonella typhi, bacillus anthracis, and yersinia pestis by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr).salmonella typhi, bacillus anthracis, and yersinia pestis are some serious human pathogens, which their early diagnosis is of great importance. salmonella typhi, bacillus anthracis, and yersinia pestis cause typhoid fever, anthrax, and plague respectively. these bacteria can be used to make biologic weapons.201324719692
reverse transcription-pcr-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for rapid detection of biothreat and common respiratory pathogens.electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms) analysis of reverse transcription (rt)-pcr amplicons from human respiratory samples allows for broad pathogen identification approximately 8 h after collection. we investigated the performance characteristics of a high-throughput rt-pcr-coupled esi-ms assay for distinguishing biothreat (bt) agents from common bacterial, fungal, and viral respiratory pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid specimens from subjects with suspected respirator ...201323903543
optimization of routine identification of clinically relevant gram-negative bacteria by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and the bruker biotyper.matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) might complement and one day replace phenotypic identification of bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory, but there is no consensus standard regarding the requirements for its validation prior to clinical use in the united states. the objective of this study was to assess the preanalytical variables influencing gram-negative identification by use of the bruker biotyper maldi-tof ms system, inclu ...201323426923
enhanced diagnostic yields of bacteremia and candidemia in blood specimens by pcr-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.a prospective study was performed to determine the value of direct molecular testing of whole blood for detecting the presence of culturable and unculturable bacteria and yeasts in patients with suspected bloodstream infections. a total of 464 adult and pediatric patients with positive blood cultures matched with 442 patients with negative blood cultures collected during the same period were recruited during a 10-month study. pcr amplification coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectromet ...201323966503
ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in high risk neutropenic patients: effects on outcomes, antimicrobial therapy and resistance.the use of quinolone prophylaxis in high-risk neutropenic patients is considered standard of care but the development of resistance is a concern. previous studies have focused mainly on quinolone resistance among patients receiving prophylaxis, with very few data reporting its impact on the hospital microbial epidemiology.201323899356
antibacterial activity of a lectin-like burkholderia cenocepacia protein.bacteriocins of the llpa family have previously been characterized in the γ-proteobacteria pseudomonas and xanthomonas. these proteins are composed of two mmbl (monocot mannose-binding lectin) domains, a module predominantly and abundantly found in lectins from monocot plants. genes encoding four different types of llpa-like proteins were identified in genomes from strains belonging to the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) and the burkholderia pseudomallei group. a selected recombinant llpa-lik ...201323737242
potency and spectrum of activity of an3365, a novel boron-containing protein synthesis inhibitor, tested against clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli.an3365 (mic(50/90), 0.5/1 μg/ml) was active against enterobacteriaceae, including a subset of klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing k. pneumoniae strains (mic(50/90), 1/2 μg/ml). an3365 inhibited 98.0 and 92.2% of wild-type (mic(50/90), 2/8 μg/ml) and carbapenem-resistant (mic(50/90), 4/8 μg/ml) pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, respectively, at ≤ 8 μg/ml. an3365 also demonstrated activity against wild-type acinetobacter baumannii (mic(50/90), 2/8 μg/ml) and stenotrophomonas maltophi ...201323507283
fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens in bottled water from dhaka, bangladesh.forty-six bottled water samples representing 16 brands from dhaka, bangladesh were tested for the numbers of total coliforms, fecal indicator bacteria (i.e., thermotolerant escherichia coli and enterococcus spp.) and potential bacterial pathogens (i.e., aeromonas hydrophila, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella spp., and shigella spp.). among the 16 brands tested, 14 (86%), ten (63%) and seven (44%) were positive for total coliforms, e. coil and enterococcus spp., respectively. additionally, a fur ...201324159289
pcr-reverse blot hybridization assay for screening and identification of pathogens in sepsis.rapid and accurate identification of the pathogens involved in bloodstream infections is crucial for the prompt initiation of appropriate therapy, as this can decrease morbidity and mortality rates. a pcr-reverse blot hybridization assay for sepsis, the reverse blot hybridization assay (reba) sepsis-id test, was developed; it uses pan-probes to distinguish gram-positive and -negative bacteria and fungi. in addition, the assay was designed to identify bacteria and fungi using six genus-specific a ...201323447637
multilaboratory study of the biomic automated well-reading instrument versus microscan walkaway for reading microscan antimicrobial susceptibility and identification panels.this study compared the biomic automated well reader results to the microscan walkaway results for reading microscan antimicrobial susceptibility and identification panels at four different sites. routine fresh clinical isolates and quality control (qc) organisms were tested at each study site. a total of 46,176 microscan panel drug-organism combinations were read. the biomic category agreement for 3,117 gram-negative bacteria was 98.4%, with 1.4% minor and 0.2% major discrepancies. the biomic c ...201323486713
interspecies interaction between pseudomonas aeruginosa and other microorganisms.microbes interact with each other in multicellular communities and this interaction enables certain microorganisms to survive in various environments. pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly adaptable bacterium that ubiquitously inhabits diverse environments including soil, marine habitats, plants and animals. behind this adaptivity, p. aeruginosa has abilities not only to outcompete others but also to communicate with each other to develop a multispecies community. in this review, we focus on how p. ...201323363620
evaluation of a simple blood culture amplification and antigen detection method for diagnosis of salmonella enterica serovar typhi bacteremia.in most areas where typhoid is endemic, laboratory diagnosis is not possible due to the lack of appropriate facilities. we investigated whether the combination of blood culture amplification of salmonella enterica serovar typhi with an s. typhi antigen rapid diagnostic test (rdt) could be an accurate and inexpensive tool for the accelerated diagnosis of patients with acute typhoid in laos. for a panel of 23 gram-negative reference pathogens, the standard diagnostics (catalog no. 15fk20; kyonggi- ...201323100346
correlation between sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultures.a correlation study of the cultured bacteria from paired sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples was performed. the rates of concordant culture-positive paired specimens that were isolated within 1 or 7 days were 93.7% and 96.5%, respectively, suggesting that the culture of readily collectable sputum specimens may result in useful microbiologic diagnosis.201425540405
correlation between sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultures.a correlation study of the cultured bacteria from paired sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples was performed. the rates of concordant culture-positive paired specimens that were isolated within 1 or 7 days were 93.7% and 96.5%, respectively, suggesting that the culture of readily collectable sputum specimens may result in useful microbiologic diagnosis.201425540405
the identification and differentiation between burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei using one gene pyrosequencing.the etiologic agents for melioidosis and glanders, burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei respectively, are genetically similar making identification and differentiation from other burkholderia species and each other challenging. we used pyrosequencing to determine the presence or absence of an insertion sequence is407a within the flagellin p (flip) gene and to exploit the difference in orientation of this gene in the two species. oligonucleotide primers were designed to selectively t ...201427350960
n-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing with special reference to use of quorum quenching bacteria in membrane biofouling control.membrane biofouling remains a severe problem to be addressed in wastewater treatment systems affecting reactor performance and economy. the finding that many wastewater bacteria rely on n-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing to synchronize their activities essential for biofilm formations; the quenching bacterial quorum sensing suggests a promising approach for control of membrane biofouling. a variety of quorum quenching compounds of both synthetic and natural origin have been identi ...201425147787
identification of pbc218/pbc210 genes of bacillus cereus g9241 in five florida soils using qpcr.the distribution of the virulent plasmid pbc210 of b. cereus that carries several b. anthracis genes and has been implicated in lethal anthrax-like pulmonary disease is unknown. we screened our collection of 103 b. cereus isolates and 256 soil samples using a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay that targeted three open reading frames putatively unique to pbc210. when tested with dna from 2 b. cereus strains carrying pbc210, and 64 gram-positive and 55 gram-negative bacterial species, the assay had 100 ...201427350995
susceptibility to antibiotics in urinary tract infections in a secondary care setting from 2005-2006 and 2010-2011, in são paulo, brazil: data from 11,943 urine cultures.urinary tract infection (uti) has a high incidence and recurrence, therefore, treatment is empirical in the majority of cases.201425076433
use of imipenem to detect kpc, ndm, oxa, imp, and vim carbapenemase activity from gram-negative rods in 75 minutes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics has led to a greater reliance upon carbapenems, but the expression of carbapenemases threatens to limit the utility of these drugs. current methods to detect carbapenemase activity are suboptimal, requiring prolonged incubations during which ineffective therapy may be prescribed. we previously described a sensitive and specific assay for the detection of carbapenemase activity using ertapenem and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ...201424789180
isolation, screening, and identification of cellulolytic bacteria from natural reserves in the subtropical region of china and optimization of cellulase production by paenibacillus terrae me27-1.from different natural reserves in the subtropical region of china, a total of 245 aerobic bacterial strains were isolated on agar plates containing sugarcane bagasse pulp as the sole carbon source. of the 245 strains, 22 showed hydrolyzing zones on agar plates containing carboxymethyl cellulose after congo-red staining. molecular identification showed that the 22 strains belonged to 10 different genera, with the burkholderia genus exhibiting the highest strain diversity and accounting for 36.36 ...201425050355
molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated in serial cultures from the respiratory tract of children with cystic fibrosis.little is known about strain relatedness of methicillin-resistant staphyloccocus aureus (mrsa) isolated at serial time points from the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). the objectives are to interrogate the genetic diversity of mrsa recovered in serial cultures from children with cf and to correlate strain relatedness with clinical characteristics.201424220228
persistence of microbial communities including pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital environment: a potential health hazard.the persistence of microbial communities and how they change in indoor environments is of immense interest to public health. moreover, hospital acquired infections are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality. evidence suggests that, in hospital environments agent transfer between surfaces causes healthcare associated infections in humans, and that surfaces are an important transmission route and may act as a reservoir for some of the pathogens.this study aimed to evaluate the diversi ...201424885173
performance of mass spectrometric identification of bacteria and yeasts routinely isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory using maldi-tof ms.matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is an emerging technology newly applied to identifying bacterial and yeast strains. the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the vitek(®) ms system in the identification of bacteria and yeast strains routinely isolated from clinical samples.201424822114
rate of positive urine culture and double-j catheters colonization on the basis of microorganism dna analysis.the aim of the trial was to estimate the relationship between colonization of the double-j catheter, and the microorganisms cultured from urine.201424982789
phenotypic identification & molecular detection of bla (ndm-1) gene in multidrug resistant gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care centre.carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates have been increasingly identified worldwide. though molecular data regarding new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (ndm-1) producers are available, data regarding their rate of infection in a hospital setting and percentage among different clinical isolates are scarce. hence, this study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of bla ndm-1 gene among clinical isolates of multidrug resistant gram-negative bacilli (mdrgnb) in a tertiary care centr ...201424927351
nosocomial drug-resistant bacteremia in 2 cohorts with cryptococcal meningitis, africa. 201424655747
rapid identification of stenotrophomonas maltophilia by peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization.the objective of this study was to develop a novel peptide nucleic acid (pna) probe for stenotrophomonas maltophilia identification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the probe was evaluated using 33 human and veterinary clinical s. maltophilia isolates and 45 reference strains representing common bacterial species in the respiratory tract. the probe displayed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity on pure cultures and allowed detection in sputum from cystic fibrosis patients. the dete ...201425356348
functional characterization and evaluation of in vitro protective efficacy of murine monoclonal antibodies burk24 and burk37 against burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis has been recognized by cdc as a category b select agent. although substantial efforts have been made for development of vaccine molecules against the pathogen, significant hurdles still remain. with no licensed vaccines available and high relapse rate of the disease, there is a pressing need for development of alternate protection strategies. antibody-mediated passive protection is promising in this regard and our primary interest was ...201424614539
ceftazidime-avibactam: an evidence-based review of its pharmacology and potential use in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections.avibactam (nxl104, ave1330a) is a semi-synthetic, non-β-lactam, β-lactamase inhibitor that is active against ambler class a, class c, and some class d serine β-lactamases. in this review, we summarize the in vitro data, pharmacology, mechanisms of action and resistance, and clinical trial data relating to the use of this agent combined with ceftazidime for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. the addition of avibactam to ceftazidime improves its in vitro activity against enteroba ...201424493994
comparative study of maldi-tof ms and vitek 2 in bacteria identification.matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently been introduced in diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the identification of bacterial and yeast strains isolated from clinical samples. this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of maldi-tof ms in clinical microbiology diagnosis by comparing it with commonly-used vitek 2 or gene sequencing.201424822115
real-time pcr taqman assay for rapid screening of bloodstream infection.sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. the rapid detection of pathogens in blood of septic patients is essential for adequate antimicrobial therapy and better prognosis. this study aimed to accelerate the detection and discrimination of gram-positive (gp) and gram-negative (gn) bacteria and candida species in blood culture samples by molecular methods.201424393579
emergence of citrobacter freundii carrying imp-8 metallo-β-lactamase in germany.metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) in enterobacteriaceae are an increasing problem worldwide. this report describes the isolation of citrobacter freundii carrying imp-8 mbl from three patients during the period from march 2012 until march 2013 in germany. the bla imp-8 enzyme is predominantly found in asia, where imp-8 has spread to various enterobacterial species causing serious infections. to our best knowledge, this is the first report of bla imp-8 habouring enterobacteriaceae in europe.201425356340
gram-negative intestinal indigenous microbiota from two siluriform fishes in a tropical reservoir.the gram-negative intestinal microbiota of hypostomus auroguttatus and pimelodus maculatus, a detritivorous and an omnivorous fish species, respectively, were compared between fishes from the reservoir and the stretch of the river below the dam of the funil hydroelectric plant, rio de janeiro, brazil. four selective culture media were used under aerobic and two under anaerobic conditions. the omnivorous species had microbiota with higher population levels compared to the detritivorous species. t ...201425763032
gram-negative intestinal indigenous microbiota from two siluriform fishes in a tropical reservoir.the gram-negative intestinal microbiota of hypostomus auroguttatus and pimelodus maculatus, a detritivorous and an omnivorous fish species, respectively, were compared between fishes from the reservoir and the stretch of the river below the dam of the funil hydroelectric plant, rio de janeiro, brazil. four selective culture media were used under aerobic and two under anaerobic conditions. the omnivorous species had microbiota with higher population levels compared to the detritivorous species. t ...201425763032
development and validation of a prediction model for diagnosing blood stream infections in febrile, non-neutropenic children with cancer.pediatric oncology patients are at increased risk for blood stream infections (bsi). risk in the absence of severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [anc] ≥500/µl) is not well defined.201425327666
development and validation of a prediction model for diagnosing blood stream infections in febrile, non-neutropenic children with cancer.pediatric oncology patients are at increased risk for blood stream infections (bsi). risk in the absence of severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [anc] ≥500/µl) is not well defined.201425327666
production of humic substances through coal-solubilizing bacteria.in this paper, the production of humic substances (hs) through the bacterial solubilization of low rank coal (lrc) was evaluated. the evaluation was carried out by 19 bacterial strains isolated in microenvironments with high contents of coal wastes. the biotransformed lrc and the hs produced were quantified in vitro in a liquid growth medium. the humic acids (ha) obtained from the most active bacterial strain were characterized via elemental composition (c, h, n, o), ir analyses, and the e4/e6 r ...201425477925
multicenter, double-blind, randomized, phase ii trial to assess the safety and efficacy of ceftolozane-tazobactam plus metronidazole compared with meropenem in adult patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections.ceftolozane-tazobactam (tol-taz) is a novel antibacterial with activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and other common gram-negative pathogens, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae, that are associated with complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais). this prospective, double-blind, randomized, multicenter, phase ii trial assessed patient clinical and microbiological responses to and the safety of tol-taz plus metronidazole compared with those of merope ...201424982069
antimicrobial activity of selected phytochemicals against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus and their biofilms.bacteria can be resistant to multiple antibiotics and we are fast approaching a time when antibiotics will not work on some bacterial infections. new antimicrobial compounds are urgently necessary. plants are considered the greatest source to obtain new antimicrobials. this study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of four phytochemicals-7-hydroxycoumarin (7-hc), indole-3-carbinol (i3c), salicylic acid (sa) and saponin (sp)-against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, either as pla ...201425437810
purification and characterization of catalase from marine bacterium acinetobacter sp. ys0810.the catalase from marine bacterium acinetobacter sp. ys0810 (ys0810cat) was purified and characterized. consecutive steps were used to achieve the purified enzyme as follows: ethanol precipitation, deae sepharose ion exchange, superdex 200 gel filtration, and resource q ion exchange. the active enzyme consisted of four identical subunits of 57.256 kda. it showed a soret peak at 405 nm, indicating the presence of iron protoporphyrin ix. the catalase was not apparently reduced by sodium dithionite ...201425045672
waste water effluent contributes to the dissemination of ctx-m-15 in the natural environment.multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae pose a significant threat to public health. we aimed to study the impact of sewage treatment effluent on antibiotic resistance reservoirs in a river.201424797064
prophylaxis with levofloxacin: impact on bacterial susceptibility and epidemiology in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit.the emergence of resistance has been demonstrated in cancer treatment centers where prophylaxis with fluoroquinolone is used.201424624034
structure of the extended-spectrum class c β-lactamase adc-1 from acinetobacter baumannii.adc-type class c β-lactamases comprise a large group of enzymes that are encoded by genes located on the chromosome of acinetobacter baumannii, a causative agent of serious bacterial infections. overexpression of these enzymes renders a. baumannii resistant to various β-lactam antibiotics and thus severely compromises the ability to treat infections caused by this deadly pathogen. here, the high-resolution crystal structure of adc-1, the first member of this clinically important family of antibi ...201424598745
gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of bioactive petalostigma extracts: toxicity, antibacterial and antiviral activities.petalostigma pubescens and petalostigma triloculare were common components of pharmacopeia's of multiple australian aboriginal tribal groupings which traditionally inhabited the areas in which they grow. among these groups, they had a myriad of medicinal uses in treating a wide variety of bacterial, fungal and viral infections. this study was undertaken to test p. pubescens and p. triloculare leaf and fruit extracts for the ability to inhibit bacterial and viral growth and thus validate australi ...201424914307
retrospective molecular analysis of dim-1 metallo-β-lactamase discovered in pseudomonas stutzeri from india in 2000.among 220 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli collected in india during 2000, 22 strains showing elevated imipenem mics were evaluated for carbapenemase production. one dim-1-producing pseudomonas stutzeri isolate was detected, and no other carbapenemase-encoding genes were identified. this detection of a dim-1-producing p. stutzeri isolate from india predating the finding of this gene in the index dutch strain and the very recent detection of dim-1 in africa suggest an unidentified envir ...201424145536
the near-quantitative sampling of genomic dna from various food-borne eubacteria.the disruption of the bacterial cell wall plays an important part in achieving quantitative extraction of dna from eubacteria essential for accurate analyses of genetic material recovered from environmental samples.201425551371
scale-up of anaerobic 1,3-propanediol production by clostridium butyricum dsp1 from crude glycerol.as the production of biofuels from raw materials continuously increases, optimization of production processes is necessary. a very important issue is the development of wasteless methods of biodiesel production. one way of utilization of glycerol generated in biodiesel production is its microbial conversion to 1,3-pd (1,3-propanediol).201424555775
biotin and lipoic acid: synthesis, attachment, and regulation.two vitamins, biotin and lipoic acid, are essential in all three domains of life. both coenzymes function only when covalently attached to key metabolic enzymes. there they act as "swinging arms" that shuttle intermediates between two active sites (= covalent substrate channeling) of key metabolic enzymes. although biotin was discovered over 100 years ago and lipoic acid 60 years ago, it was not known how either coenzyme is made until recently. in escherichia coli the synthetic pathways for both ...201426442940
insect antimicrobial peptides and their applications.insects are one of the major sources of antimicrobial peptides/proteins (amps). since observation of antimicrobial activity in the hemolymph of pupae from the giant silk moths samia cynthia and hyalophora cecropia in 1974 and purification of first insect amp (cecropin) from h. cecropia pupae in 1980, over 150 insect amps have been purified or identified. most insect amps are small and cationic, and they show activities against bacteria and/or fungi, as well as some parasites and viruses. insect ...201424811407
randomized trial of drain antisepsis after mastectomy and immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction.in this 2-site randomized trial, we investigated the effect of antiseptic drain care on bacterial colonization of surgical drains and infection after immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction.201425096386
multi-drug resistance, inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy and mortality in gram-negative severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective cohort study.the impact of in vitro resistance on initially appropriate antibiotic therapy (iaat) remains unclear. we elucidated the relationship between non-iaat and mortality, and between iaat and multi-drug resistance (mdr) in sepsis due to gram-negative bacteremia (gns).201425412897
comparison of chromogenic media for recovery of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) and evaluation of cpe prevalence at a tertiary care academic medical center.we evaluated the performance characteristics of chromid carba and hardychrom carbapenemase for the detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe). a cpe prevalence study was conducted using chromid carba; this demonstrated that in low-prevalence settings, cpe screening agars may lack specificity, and confirmation of putative isolates is necessary.201425411175
comparison of chromogenic media for recovery of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) and evaluation of cpe prevalence at a tertiary care academic medical center.we evaluated the performance characteristics of chromid carba and hardychrom carbapenemase for the detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe). a cpe prevalence study was conducted using chromid carba; this demonstrated that in low-prevalence settings, cpe screening agars may lack specificity, and confirmation of putative isolates is necessary.201425411175
occurrence of enterobacteriaceae in raw meat and in human samples from egyptian retail sellers.the present study was performed to assess the presence of enterobacteriaceae in raw meat and handlers in egypt using cultivation and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). a total of 100 raw meat samples (chicken and beef meat, 50 each) were randomly purchased from butchers and local meat retailers located at mansoura city, egypt. fifty human samples were collected from meat handlers (hand swabs and stool specimens, 25 each). 228 bacterial is ...201427379312
effect of microstructure on population growth parameters of escherichia coli in gelatin-dextran systems.current literature acknowledges the effect of food structure on bacterial dynamics. most studies introduce this "structure" factor using a single gelling agent, resulting in a homogeneous environment, whereas in practice most food products are heterogeneous. therefore, this study focuses on heterogeneous protein-polysaccharide mixtures, based on gelatin and dextran. these mixtures show phase separation, leading to a range of heterogeneous microstructures by adjusting relative concentrations of b ...201424951795
bacterial-biota dynamics of eight bryophyte species from different ecosystems.despite the importance of bryophyte-associated microorganisms in various ecological aspects including their crucial roles in the soil-enrichment of organic mass and n2 fixation, nonetheless, little is known about the microbial diversity of the bryophyte phyllospheres (epi-/endophytes). to get insights into bacterial community structures and their dynamics on the bryophyte habitats in different ecosystems and their potential biological roles, we utilized the 16s rrna gene pcr-dgge and subsequent ...201425737654
bacterial-biota dynamics of eight bryophyte species from different ecosystems.despite the importance of bryophyte-associated microorganisms in various ecological aspects including their crucial roles in the soil-enrichment of organic mass and n2 fixation, nonetheless, little is known about the microbial diversity of the bryophyte phyllospheres (epi-/endophytes). to get insights into bacterial community structures and their dynamics on the bryophyte habitats in different ecosystems and their potential biological roles, we utilized the 16s rrna gene pcr-dgge and subsequent ...201425737654
high prevalence of class 1 to 3 integrons among multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic escherichia coli in southwest of iran.horizontal transfer of integrons is one of the important factors that can contribute to the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of integrons among mdr escherichia coli strains isolated from stool specimens and investigate the associations between the existence of integrons and mdr properties in the southwest of iran.201425379369
microbial profiling of combat wound infection through detection microarray and next-generation sequencing.combat wound healing and resolution are highly affected by the resident microbial flora. we therefore sought to achieve comprehensive detection of microbial populations in wounds using novel genomic technologies and bioinformatics analyses. we employed a microarray capable of detecting all sequenced pathogens for interrogation of 124 wound samples from extremity injuries in combat-injured u.s. service members. a subset of samples was also processed via next-generation sequencing and metagenomic ...201424829242
molecular method for detection of total coliforms in drinking water samples.this work demonstrates the ability of a bacterial concentration and recovery procedure combined with three different pcr assays targeting the lacz, wecg, and 16s rrna genes, respectively, to detect the presence of total coliforms in 100-ml samples of potable water (presence/absence test). pcr assays were first compared to the culture-based colilert and mi agar methods to determine their ability to detect 147 coliform strains representing 76 species of enterobacteriaceae encountered in fecal and ...201424771030
the salmonella enterica serovar typhi leuo global regulator forms tetramers: residues involved in oligomerization, dna binding, and transcriptional regulation.leuo is a lysr-type transcriptional regulator (lttr) that has been described to be a global regulator in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica, since it positively and negatively regulates the expression of genes involved in multiple biological processes. leuo is comprised of an n-terminal dna-binding domain (dbd) with a winged helix-turn-helix (whth) motif and of a long linker helix (lh) involved in dimerization that connects the dbd with the c-terminal effector-binding domain (ebd) or regul ...201424659766
maldi-tof identification of the human gut microbiome in people with and without diarrhea in senegal.in africa, there are several problems with the specific identification of bacteria. recently, maldi-tof mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool for the routine microbial identification in many clinical laboratories.201424784934
performance of vitek 2 for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae with vitek 2 (2009 fda) and 2014 clsi breakpoints.vitek 2 (biomérieux inc., durham, nc) is a widely used commercial antimicrobial susceptibility test system. we compared the mic results obtained using the vitek 2 ast-gn69 and ast-xn06 cards to those obtained by clsi broth microdilution (bmd) for 255 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, including 25 isolates of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. in total, 25 antimicrobial agents were examined. for 10 agents, the mic data were evaluated using two sets of breakpoints: (i) the vitek 2 breakpoints, ...201425540403
performance of vitek 2 for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae with vitek 2 (2009 fda) and 2014 clsi breakpoints.vitek 2 (biomérieux inc., durham, nc) is a widely used commercial antimicrobial susceptibility test system. we compared the mic results obtained using the vitek 2 ast-gn69 and ast-xn06 cards to those obtained by clsi broth microdilution (bmd) for 255 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, including 25 isolates of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. in total, 25 antimicrobial agents were examined. for 10 agents, the mic data were evaluated using two sets of breakpoints: (i) the vitek 2 breakpoints, ...201425540403
phenotypic detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and the carba np test.we compared the diagnostic accuracy of the carba np test with that of a straightforward matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) method for detecting carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe). using pcr as the reference method, both tests demonstrated a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 100%. maldi-tof ms offers a potential alternative for the rapid detection of cpe in the clinical laboratory setting.201425187633
evaluation of five chromogenic agar media and the rosco rapid carb screen kit for detection and confirmation of carbapenemase production in gram-negative bacilli.an efficient workflow to screen for and confirm the presence of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli was developed by evaluating five chromogenic screening agar media and two confirmatory assays, the rapid carb screen test (rosco diagnostica a/s, taastrup, denmark) and the modified hodge test. a panel of 150 isolates was used, including 49 carbapenemase-producing isolates representing a variety of β-lactamase enzyme classes. an evaluation of analytical performance, assay cost, and turna ...201425355764
evaluation of five chromogenic agar media and the rosco rapid carb screen kit for detection and confirmation of carbapenemase production in gram-negative bacilli.an efficient workflow to screen for and confirm the presence of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli was developed by evaluating five chromogenic screening agar media and two confirmatory assays, the rapid carb screen test (rosco diagnostica a/s, taastrup, denmark) and the modified hodge test. a panel of 150 isolates was used, including 49 carbapenemase-producing isolates representing a variety of β-lactamase enzyme classes. an evaluation of analytical performance, assay cost, and turna ...201425355764
rapid detection of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae from urine samples by use of the esbl ndp test.from june to september 2012, 500 urine samples were recovered from patients with urinary tract infections (uti) due to gram-negative bacilli (≥ 10(4) leukocytes/ml and ≥ 10(5) gram-negative isolates/ml) who visited the university hospital bicêtre (france). they were challenged with extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) using the rapid diagnostic esbl ndp test. results of the esbl ndp test were compared to the results of the double-disc susceptibility test (dd ...201425100819
validation of antibiotic susceptibility testing guidelines in a routine clinical microbiology laboratory exemplifies general key challenges in setting clinical breakpoints.this study critically evaluated the new european committee for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) antibiotic susceptibility testing guidelines on the basis of a large set of disk diffusion diameters determined for clinical isolates. we report several paradigmatic problems that illustrate key issues in the selection of clinical susceptibility breakpoints, which are of general importance not only for eucast but for all guidelines systems, i.e., (i) the need for species-specific determin ...201424777093
micro-organisms associated with febrile neutropenia in patients with haematological malignancies in a tertiary care hospital in eastern india.there is paucity of information from eastern india with regard to observed dominant micro-organisms causing febrile neutropenia (fn) in patients with haematological malignancies. to identify the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms associated with fn. a total number of 268 episodes of fn were analysed from september'2010 to october'2013. the blood samples were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth, glucose broth, hicombi dual performance media (himedia, lq-12) at 37° c for 168 h and bact ...201425548444
micro-organisms associated with febrile neutropenia in patients with haematological malignancies in a tertiary care hospital in eastern india.there is paucity of information from eastern india with regard to observed dominant micro-organisms causing febrile neutropenia (fn) in patients with haematological malignancies. to identify the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms associated with fn. a total number of 268 episodes of fn were analysed from september'2010 to october'2013. the blood samples were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth, glucose broth, hicombi dual performance media (himedia, lq-12) at 37° c for 168 h and bact ...201425548444
antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against gram-negative organisms collected from u.s. medical centers in 2012.the activities of the novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator agents were evaluated against a contemporary collection of clinically significant gram-negative bacilli. avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits ambler class a, c, and some d enzymes. a total of 10,928 gram-negative bacilli-8,640 enterobacteriaceae, 1,967 pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 321 acinetobacter sp. isolates-were collected from 73 u.s. hospitals and teste ...201424379201
in vitro activities of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam against 372 gram-negative bacilli collected in 2011 and 2012 from 11 teaching hospitals in china.ceftazidime-avibactam, aztreonam-avibactam, and comparators were tested by reference broth microdilution against 372 nonrepetitive gram-negative bacilli (346 unselected plus 26 selected meropenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae isolates) collected from 11 teaching hospitals in china in 2011 and 2012. meropenem-nonsusceptible isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls; e.g., ctx-m-14/3), ampcs (e.g., cmy-2), and/or carbapenemases (e.g., kpc-2 and ndm-1). avibactam potentiated the a ...201424342639
evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for rapid detection of β-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae derived from blood cultures.the identification of pathogens directly from blood cultures by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) can be a valuable tool for improving the treatment of patients with sepsis and bacteremia. however, the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria makes it difficult to predict resistance patterns based only on pathogen identification. most therapy regimens for sepsis caused by gram-negative rods consist of at least on ...201424403301
detection of ampc β lactamases in gram-negative bacteria.ampc β-lactamases are clinically important cephalosporinases encoded on the chromosomes of many enterobacteriaceae and a few other organisms, where they mediate resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, most penicillins, and β-lactamase inhibitor/β-lactam combinations. the increase in antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacteria is a notable example of how bacteria can procure, maintain and express new genetic information that can confer resistance to one or several antibiotics. det ...201424696552
effect of a fever control protocol-based strategy on ventilator-associated pneumonia in severely brain-injured patients.fever is associated with a poor outcome in severely brain-injured patients, and its control is one of the therapies used in this condition. but, fever suppression may promote infection, and severely brain-injured patients are frequently exposed to infectious diseases, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap). therefore, we designed a study to explore the role of a fever control protocol in vap development during neuro-intensive care.201425498970
endotracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis: interchangeable diagnostic modalities in suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia?authoritative guidelines state that the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) can be established using either endotracheal aspirate (eta) or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) analysis, thereby suggesting that their results are considered to be in accordance. therefore, the results of eta gram staining and semiquantitative cultures were compared to the results from a paired eta-balf analysis. different thresholds for the positivity of etas were assessed. this was a prospective stud ...201425078907
multiplex real-time pcr assay for rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci directly from positive blood cultures.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is the most prevalent cause of bloodstream infections (bsis) and is recognized as a major nosocomial pathogen. this study aimed to evaluate a newly designed multiplex real-time pcr assay capable of the simultaneous detection of meca, s. aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) in blood culture specimens. the real-mrsa and real-mrcons multiplex real-time pcr assays (m&d, republic of korea) use the taqman probes 16s rrna for staphylococ ...201424648566
development and validation of a real-time pcr for chlamydia suis diagnosis in swine and humans.pigs are the natural host for chlamydia suis, a pathogen which is phylogenetically highly related to the human pathogen c. trachomatis. chlamydia suis infections are generally treated with tetracyclines. in 1998, tetracyline resistant c. suis strains emerged on u.s. pig farms and they are currently present in the belgian, cypriote, german, israeli, italian and swiss pig industry. infections with tetracycline resistant c. suis strains are mainly associated with severe reproductive failure leading ...201424816542
the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.abstract as antimicrobial resistance increases, understanding the current epidemiology of bloodstream infections (bsis) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients is essential to guide empirical antimicrobial therapy. we therefore reviewed microbial etiologies, timing and outcomes of bsis in patients who were transplanted from september 2007 to december 2011. vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) were the most common pathogens in allogeneic hsct recipients and the fourth most commo ...201424559288
incidence and etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children younger than 5 years in rural thailand.pneumonia remains a leading cause of under-five morbidity and mortality globally. comprehensive incidence, epidemiologic and etiologic data are needed to update prevention and control strategies.201424030346
biofilms on indwelling urologic devices: microbes and antimicrobial management prospect.biofilms (bfs) are a potential source of highly resistant infections, frequently formed on devicesand pose problems for management.201424669340
a new oligonucleotide microarray for detection of pathogenic and non-pathogenic legionella spp.legionella pneumophila has been recognized as the major cause of legionellosis since the discovery of the deadly disease. legionella spp. other than l. pneumophila were later found to be responsible to many non-pneumophila infections. the non-l. pneumophila infections are likely under-detected because of a lack of effective diagnosis. in this report, we have sequenced the 16s-23s rrna gene internal transcribed spacer (its) of 10 legionella species and subspecies, including l. anisa, l. bozemanii ...201425469776
antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the beverage obtained by fermentation of sweetened lemon balm
(melissa officinalis l.) tea with symbiotic consortium 
of bacteria and yeasts.kombucha is a fermented tea beverage which is traditionally prepared by fermenting sweetened black or green tea (camellia sinensis l.) with symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeasts (scoby). in this study, lemon balm (melissa officinalis l.) was used as the only nitrogen source for kombucha fermentation. during the seven-day fermentation process, ph value, titratable acidity (ta), total phenolic content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity against hydroxyl (˙oh) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-pic ...201427904315
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