Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| john urban human and the divided airway. | the divided airway, a device to aid in blind orotracheal intubation, was patented in 1936 by john urban human. however the inventor did not describe or openly promote his airway and his identity as its inventor was not known to his contemporaries. a biography of john urban human and a description of the divided airway are provided. | 2010 | 20715642 |
| rare models: roger casement, the amazon, and the ethnographic picturesque. | in 1910 roger casement was sent by the british government to investigate the alleged humanitarian abuses of the peruvian amazon company in the putumayo, a disputed border zone in north west amazonia. casement brought more than verbal and written testimony back to london. on 26 june, some six months after he returned from the amazon, casement collected two amerindian boys - omarino and ricudo - from southampton docks. this paper will reconstruct the brief period that these young men spent in brit ... | 2010 | 20726132 |
| measurement methods and accuracy in copy number variation: failure to replicate associations of beta-defensin copy number with crohn's disease. | the copy number variation in beta-defensin genes on human chromosome 8 has been proposed to underlie susceptibility to inflammatory disorders, but presents considerable challenges for accurate typing on the scale required for adequately powered case-control studies. in this work, we have used accurate methods of copy number typing based on the paralogue ratio test (prt) to assess beta-defensin copy number in more than 1500 uk dna samples including more than 1000 cases of crohn's disease. a subse ... | 2010 | 20858604 |
| mlh1 differential allelic expression in mutation carriers and controls. | germline defects in the mlh1 gene are associated with lynch syndrome. a substantial proportion of these mutations leads to premature termination codons and can induce nonsense mediated decay (nmd) of the corresponding transcript. resulting allelic expression differences represent a fast and inexpensive method to identify patients carrying mlh1 mutations. in patients and controls, we show that allelic expression imbalance (aei) can be readily detected in rna extracted from whole blood from patien ... | 2010 | 20860725 |
| the mayo brothers: an american surgical legacy. | few in the history of surgery and just as few in the history of medicine can reach the level of clinical visibility as achieved by the mayo brothers. the brothers changed the face of medicine while they were alive, and their fame and influence continued to grow after their death in 1939. the mayo american surgical legacy had incredible proportions. the brothers systematically modified the field as few others had done before. they were great surgical innovators who took the surgical techniques of ... | 2010 | 20874478 |
| association of caspase-9 and runx3 with inflammatory bowel disease. | previous linkage studies have identified a region at 1p36 as the susceptibility locus (ibd7) of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). the objective of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms of caspase-9 (casp9) gene and runx3 are associated with ibd susceptibility and clinical phenotypes. we studied 555 crohn's disease (cd) and 651 ulcerative colitis (uc) patients recruited from a single uk center. a total of 964 healthy caucasian subjects were recruited as controls from general practit ... | 2010 | 20887385 |
| identification of low circulatory transforming growth factor beta-1 in patients with degenerative heart valve disease. | transforming growth factor β-1 (tgf-β1) is an immunosuppressive cytokine. it exerts cardioprotection during acute myocardial ischaemia, promoting healing of the injured myocytes. lower plasma concentrations of tgf-β1 have been identified in patients with coronary artery disease (cad) compared to those with normal coronary arteries. we measured plasma tgf-β1 concentrations in patients with cad compared to those with degenerative heart valves (dhvs) and normal coronary arteries. the mean concentra ... | 2010 | 20736227 |
| use of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (mlva) typing to characterize salmonella typhimurium dt41 broiler breeder infections. | to characterize isolates of salmonella typhimurium dt41 obtained from infected flocks of broiler breeders by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (mlva) and compare results with a diverse strain collection from germany and united kingdom and isolates from danish patients. | 2010 | 20738441 |
| toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans infection in a veterinary student in london, united kingdom, may 2010. | we report on a case of toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans infection in a fully immunised veterinary student, investigated in london, united kingdom, in may 2010. there was no ongoing transmission in human contacts. possible animal sources were identified. | 2010 | 20738991 |
| gandhi and the 'struck-off' doctor, thomas richard allinson (1858-1918). | gandhi visited london on several occasions. during two of these visits, when he was a law student from 1888 and again in 1914, he met thomas richard allinson, a controversial doctor whose name was erased from the medical register in 1892. while in london studying for the bar, gandhi was influenced in his search for a suitable vegetarian diet by the writings and personal support of allinson. although disagreeing profoundly with allinson's views on birth control, he spoke up in defence of his righ ... | 2010 | 20798411 |
| maternal nrf2 and gluthathione-s-transferase polymorphisms do not modify associations of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure with asthma and lung function in school-aged children. | maternal smoking during pregnancy has detrimental effects on the respiratory health of infants and children. polymorphisms of antioxidant genes including glutathione-s-transferases (gsts) have been proposed as candidates for asthma and reduced lung function in children. | 2010 | 20805158 |
| improving the quality of drug error reporting. | drug errors are a common and persistent problem in health care and are also associated with serious adverse events. reporting has become the cornerstone of learning from errors, but is not without its imperfections. | 2010 | 20807298 |
| multi-locus sequence typing of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from wild birds in northern england suggests host-adapted strain. | recent studies have suggested that salmonella typhimurium strains associated with mortality in uk garden birds are significantly different from strains that cause disease in humans and livestock and that wild bird strains may be host adapted. however, without further genomic characterization of these strains, it is not possible to determine whether they are host adapted. the aim of this study was to characterize a representative sample of salm. typhimurium strains detected in wild garden birds u ... | 2010 | 20809923 |
| barth syndrome: an x-linked cause of fetal cardiomyopathy and stillbirth. | barth syndrome (bths) is an x-linked multisystem disorder (omim 302060) usually diagnosed in infancy and characterized by cardiac problems [dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm) ± endocardial fibroelastosis (efe) ± left ventricular non-compaction (lvnc)], proximal myopathy, feeding problems, growth retardation, neutropenia, organic aciduria and variable respiratory chain abnormalities. we wished to determine whether bths had a significant impact on fetal and perinatal health in a large cohort of family g ... | 2010 | 20812380 |
| friends of man who went to dignitas clinic wait to see if they will be prosecuted. | 2010 | 20823025 | |
| patient safety incidents involving neuromuscular blockade: analysis of the uk national reporting and learning system data from 2006 to 2008. | neuromuscular blockade is a powerful anaesthetic tool that has the potential for significant adverse outcomes. we sought to explore the national picture by analysing incidents relating to neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia from the national reporting and learning system from england and wales between 2006 and 2008. we searched the database of incidents using snomed ct search terms and reading the free text of relevant incidents. there were 231 incidents arising from the use or reversal of neu ... | 2010 | 20840604 |
| coronary artery disease-related genetic variant on chromosome 10q11 is associated with carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerosis. | to investigate whether chromosome 10q11.21 influences common carotid intima-media thickness (imt) and atherosclerosis and whether it is associated with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (sdf-1α) plasma levels. | 2010 | 20847302 |
| fostering integrated learning and clinical professionalism using contextualized simulation in a small-group role-play. | teaching and learning in a clinical setting is important in veterinary and medical training but presents many challenges, including providing enough hands-on experience while not putting patients (animal or human) at risk. some of the issues have been addressed with the introduction of clinical skills laboratories and communication skills training using role play. however, in both instances skills are learned in isolation, whereas the real task requires the integration of many skills including t ... | 2010 | 20847333 |
| faecal lactoferrin, capsule endoscopy and crohn's disease. is there a three way relationship? a pilot study. | capsule endoscopy has been shown to be useful in diagnosing small bowel crohn's disease. faecal lactoferrin has been shown to have a high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. there have been no studies on the use of faecal lactoferrin in the setting of suspected crohn's disease using capsule endoscopy. our aim was to investigate the clinical utility of lactoferrin in patients with suspected crohn's disease using capsule en ... | 2010 | 20922188 |
| open-label, randomised, parallel-group, multicentre study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of an as03(b)/oil-in-water emulsion-adjuvanted (as03(b)) split-virion versus non-adjuvanted whole-virion h1n1 influenza vaccine in uk children 6 months to 12 years of age. | to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of an as03(b)/oil-in-water emulsion-adjuvanted (as03(b)) split-virion versus non-adjuvanted whole-virion h1n1 influenza vaccine in uk children aged 6 months to 12 years. | 2010 | 20923610 |
| epidemiology of salmonellosis in garden birds in england and wales, 1993 to 2003. | salmonellosis has been reported as an important cause of mortality of garden birds in several countries, including norway and scotland. we investigated the frequency of the disease in garden birds submitted for postmortem examination by members of the public in england and wales between 1993 and 2003, inclusive. we found salmonellosis to be the most frequent cause of death due to infectious disease in the garden birds submitted. this disease was confirmed in 7 of the 45 bird species that were ex ... | 2010 | 20945078 |
| the human touch. | 'look, listen, feel' encourages nurses to improve the patient experience by using all their senses rather than being over-reliant on technology when assessing patients. | 2010 | 20949743 |
| sir victor horsley's 19th century operations at the national hospital for neurology and neurosurgery, queen square. | although he was not the first man to operate on the brain, sir victor horsley was the world's first surgeon appointed to a hospital post to perform brain surgery, which happened in 1886 at the national hospital for neurology and neurosurgery, queen square, london. the authors examined the patient records between 1886 and 1899 and found 151 operations performed by sir victor horsley at the national hospital, including craniotomies, laminectomies, and nerve divisions. the authors present the outco ... | 2010 | 20950084 |
| increasing reports of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in england, wales and northern ireland, 1995-2006. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria have long been identified as capable of causing human disease and the number at risk, due to immune-suppression, is rising. several reports have suggested incidence to be increasing, yet routine surveillance-based evidence is lacking. we investigated recent trends in, and the epidemiology of, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in england, wales and northern ireland, 1995-2006. | 2010 | 20950421 |
| hepatitis b transmission event in an english prison and the importance of immunization. | immunization against hepatitis b virus (hbv) is recommended for all sentenced prisoners and all new entrants to prison in the uk. in november 2008, acute hepatitis b was confirmed serologically in a 27-year-old man (case 1) who had been incarcerated since february 2007. the cell mate of case 1, a 26-year-old man was an established hbv carrier. a home-made tattoo gun was confiscated from their prison cell. in the absence of other clearly identifiable risk behaviours, tattooing was deemed to be a ... | 2010 | 20965882 |
| a survey of uk public interest in internet-based personal genome testing. | in view of the increasing availability of commercial internet-based personal genome testing (pgt), this study aimed to explore the reasons why people would consider taking such a test and how they would use the genetic risk information provided. | 2010 | 20976053 |
| [biobank present and future: infrastructure of research involving human subject]. | 2010 | 20979270 | |
| paediatric mortality related to h1n1 infection in england. | 2010 | 21030070 | |
| paediatric mortality related to pandemic influenza a h1n1 infection in england: an observational population-based study. | young people (aged 0-18 years) have been disproportionately affected by pandemic influenza a h1n1 infection. we aimed to analyse paediatric mortality to inform clinical and public health policies for future influenza seasons and pandemics. | 2010 | 21030071 |
| renal pparγ mrna expression increases with impairment of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease. | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparγ) is generally accepted as renoprotective factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and pparγ agonists have been reported to reduce albuminuria. however, little is known about renal pparγ expression in chronic kidney disease, and especially human data are scarce. we hypothesized that renal pparγ expression is associated with extent of proteinuria, kidney function, histological diagnosis and inflammatory mediators. therefore, we investigated pparγ ... | 2010 | 21040163 |
| the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating pregnant women against seasonal influenza in england and wales. | we assessed the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating pregnant women against seasonal influenza in england and wales, taking into account the timing of vaccination relative to both the influenza season and trimester of pregnancy. women were assumed to be vaccinated in their second or third trimester. vaccination between september and december was found to have an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £23,000 per quality adjusted life year (qaly) (95% ci £10,000-£140,000) if it is assumed that infa ... | 2010 | 21055501 |
| trial protocol: using genotype to tailor prescribing of nicotine replacement therapy: a randomised controlled trial assessing impact of communication upon adherence. | the behavioural impact of pharmacogenomics is untested; informing smokers of genetic test results for responsiveness to smoking cessation medication may increase adherence to this medication. the objective of this trial is to estimate the impact upon adherence to nicotine replacement therapy (nrt) of informing smokers that their oral dose of nrt has been tailored to a dna analysis. hypotheses to be tested are as follows: i adherence to nrt is greater among smokers informed that their oral dose o ... | 2010 | 21062464 |
| experimenting with fire: giving malaria. | 2010 | 21067993 | |
| smad7 and mgmt genotype variants and cancer incidence in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (epic)-norfolk study. | purpose: the smad7 gene was recently identified to be associated with colorectal cancer risk. smad7 protein is a known inhibitor of tgf-β signalling pathway which has a prominent role in tumorigenesis. mgmt gene regulates the direct damage reversal repair pathway, preventing dna damage and potential cancer development. this exploratory study aims to investigate the association between smad7 (rs4464148, rs4939827) and mgmt (rs12917, rs2308321) genotype variants, and all-cancer incidence. methods: ... | 2010 | 21075068 |
| safety of sapropterin dihydrochloride (6r-bh4) in patients with pulmonary hypertension. | the authors investigated the safety of oral tetrahydrobiopterin (bh4), a cofactor for nitric oxide synthesis, as a novel treatment for pulmonary hypertension (ph). eighteen patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or inoperable chronic thromboembolic ph received sapropterin dihydrochloride (6r-bh4), the optically active form of bh4, in addition to treatment with sildenafil and/or endothelin receptor antagonists in an open-label, dose-escalation study. 6r-bh4 was administered starting at a d ... | 2010 | 21077779 |
| henry cuthbert bazett (1885-1950)--the man behind the qt interval correction formula. | the "bazett formula" is used for correcting the observed qt interval and is named after henry cuthbert bazett who was born in england in 1885. he studied medicine and worked in oxford and served in the british medical corps during world war i. in 1920, bazett published his seminal paper on the different intervals length of the electrocardiogram recordings in a small group of healthy individuals, and proposed a formula for correcting the qt length for heart rate. later, he moved to the university ... | 2010 | 21091739 |
| hospitalization in two waves of pandemic influenza a(h1n1) in england. | summaryuncertainties exist regarding the population risks of hospitalization due to pandemic influenza a(h1n1). understanding these risks is important for patients, clinicians and policy makers. this study aimed to clarify these uncertainties. a national surveillance system was established for patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza a(h1n1) in england. information was captured on demographics, pre-existing conditions, treatment and outcomes. the relative risks of hospi ... | 2010 | 21108872 |
| the ethics of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in men. | approximately 6000 men die every year from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in england and wales. randomised clinical trials and a large pilot study have shown that ultrasound screening of men aged 65 years can prevent about half of these deaths. however, there is a significant perioperative morbidity and mortality from interventions to repair the detected aneurysm. this paper explores the ethical issues of screening men for abdominal aortic aneurysm. it is concluded that a population s ... | 2010 | 21112941 |
| evaluation of inter-pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness during eight consecutive winter seasons in england and wales in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. | we evaluated the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in persons aged ≥45 years with co-morbidities (including essential hypertension) likely to have prompted consideration of prophylactic statin therapy. using case-control analyses, we measured the impact of vaccination on general practitioner (gp) reported new episodes of illness for clinically diagnosed influenza-like illness (ili) and total acute respiratory infection (tari) during eight consecutive winters, adjusting for potential ... | 2010 | 21126720 |
| molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni in ruminants. | summarymulti-locus sequence typing was performed on 1003 campylobacter jejuni isolates collected in a 2-year longitudinal study of 15 dairy farms and four sheep farms in lancashire, uk. there was considerable farm-level variation in occurrence and prevalence of clonal complexes (cc). clonal complexes st61, st21, st403 and st45 were most prevalent in cattle while in sheep cc st42, st21, st48 and st52 were most prevalent. cc st45, a complex previously shown to be more common in summer months in hu ... | 2010 | 21134320 |
| missed opportunities for hiv testing--a costly oversight. | in the uk, one-third of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals are unaware of their diagnosis, and of those diagnosed a similar proportion have late stage disease. to address this national guidelines have been introduced promoting hiv testing across all medical specialities. we investigated hiv testing patterns in an inner london area with high local hiv prevalence, to identify missed opportunities for hiv testing and its consequences. | 2010 | 21134902 |
| what a white shame: race, gender, and white shame in the relational economy of primary health care organizations in england. | this paper considers the relationship between white shame in contemporary uk health care contexts and historically idealized forms of white pride derived from nineteenth-century british colonialism. it uses excerpts from qualitative interview material to highlight the contemporary figures of the “white worried man” and the “white women savior” and the relationship between them. through this, it explores how shifts from white pride to white shame reflect shifts in the focus of whiteness away from ... | 2010 | 21140587 |
| brainmodes: the role of neuronal oscillations in health and disease. | the core idea of complexity science--namely how macroscopic phenomena emerge from the interactions between microscopic quantities--is particularly relevant to the study of the human brain. it is in this context that the term "brainmodes" was adopted to explore how cooperative phenomena (or 'modes' of activity) occurring at one spatial or temporal scale give rise to coherent structures at other scales. this special issue reports the 2009 brainmodes workshop, held in bristol (december 2009) which ... | 2010 | 21145909 |
| cephalosporin resistance mechanisms in escherichia coli isolated from raw chicken imported into the uk. | we characterized mechanisms of resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins in escherichia coli isolated from raw chicken meat imported into the uk from south america, to ascertain whether this foodstuff contributes to the dissemination in the uk of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing e. coli belonging to the international uropathogenic st131 clone. | 2010 | 20889530 |
| expanding our nightingale horizon: seven recommendations for 21st-century nursing practice. | today's global health problems may seem insurmountable. antibiotic-resistant microbes are increasing, and more economic, environmental, and social factors are affecting health. health care costs keep rising. hot politics and the chronic global nursing shortages all threaten the future of health care delivery. also, diseases in many war-torn regions clearly place all humanity's health at risk. how can nurses possibly address these larger "global" challenges? to consider this question--and what nu ... | 2010 | 21149558 |
| transfusion-transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) from seroconverting donors is rare in england and wales: results from hiv lookback, october 1995 through december 2008. | background: lookback is considered when human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is detected in a repeat blood donor in case the immediately previous negative donation was donated in the infectious window period (iwp) or the assay(s) produced a false-negative result. hiv lookback investigations undertaken by nhs blood and transplant and the welsh blood service between october 1995 and december 2008 are described. study design and methods: investigations were undertaken into the previous negative donat ... | 2010 | 21175648 |
| risk of human exposure to arsenic and other toxic elements from geophagy: trace element analysis of baked clay using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. | geophagy or earth-eating is common amongst some bangladeshi women, especially those who are pregnant, both in bangladesh and in the united kingdom. a large proportion of the population in bangladesh is already exposed to high concentrations of arsenic (as) and other toxic elements from drinking contaminated groundwater. additional exposure to as and other toxic elements from non-food sources has not been adequately addressed and here we present the first study to monitor as levels in baked clay ... | 2010 | 21182763 |
| cluster analysis for identifying sub-groups and selecting potential discriminatory variables in human encephalitis. | encephalitis is an acute clinical syndrome of the central nervous system (cns), often associated with fatal outcome or permanent damage, including cognitive and behavioural impairment, affective disorders and epileptic seizures. infection of the central nervous system is considered to be a major cause of encephalitis and more than 100 different pathogens have been recognized as causative agents. however, a large proportion of cases have unknown disease etiology. | 2010 | 21192831 |
| zoonotic linkage and variation in cryptosporidium parvum from patients in the united kingdom. | relationships between patient exposure risks and variation within the cryptosporidium parvum 60 kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene were explored in samples isolated from human cases of cryptosporidiosis (n=69) in england and wales. gp60 family iia predominated (n=56), followed by iid (n=9). one case was iic, a newly named genotype iica5g3j, and isolates from three cases did not amplify with the gp60 primers. cases with gp60 family iia were more likely than iid to have visited a farm, or had contact wi ... | 2010 | 21193928 |
| no right to roam england's coast, yet. | 2010 | 21194713 | |
| a survey of the management of needlestick injuries from incapacitated patients in intensive care units. | the human tissue act 2004 and mental capacity act 2005 resulted in a change in the management of needlestick injuries sustained from incapacitated patients. it appears unlawful to test for blood-borne viruses without a patient's consent for the sole benefit of the healthcare worker. this survey of intensive care units within england, wales and northern ireland investigated how needlestick injuries from incapacitated patients had been managed within the previous year. of the 225 intensive care un ... | 2010 | 21198483 |
| observational study to investigate vertically acquired passive immunity in babies of mothers vaccinated against h1n1v during pregnancy. | the primary objective was to determine the proportion of babies who acquired passive immunity to a/h1n1v, born to mothers who accepted vaccination as part of the national vaccination programme while pregnant (during the second and/or third trimesters) against the novel a/h1n1v influenza virus (exposed group) compared with unvaccinated (unexposed) mothers. | 2010 | 21208547 |
| predictive clinicopathological features derived from systematic autopsy examination of patients who died with a/h1n1 influenza infection in the uk 2009-10 pandemic. | from april 2009 to january 2010, the pandemic of a/h1n1 influenza affected the uk. there were > 30,000 infections and 457 deaths (all ages). reports from other countries had indicated that certain comorbidities were associated with a higher risk of death from h1n1 infection, and there was a need to identify these factors in the uk population as knowledge of them could lead to improved treatment in the current epidemic and reduced mortality in future epidemics. | 2010 | 21208548 |
| assessment of baseline age-specific antibody prevalence and incidence of infection to novel influenza a/h1n1 2009. | the objectives of the h1n1 2009 serological surveillance project were twofold: to document (1) the prevalence of cross-reactive antibodies to h1n1 2009 by age group in the population of england prior to arrival of the pandemic strain virus in the uk and (2) the age-specific incidence of infection by month as the pandemic progressed by measuring increases in the proportion of individuals with antibodies to h1n1 2009 by age. | 2010 | 21208549 |
| a randomised, partially observer blind, multicentre, head-to-head comparison of a two-dose regimen of baxter and glaxosmithkline h1n1 pandemic vaccines, administered 21 days apart. | to evaluate the immunogenicity of a two-dose schedule of baxter cell-cultured, non-adjuvanted, whole-virion h1n1 vaccine, and glaxosmithkline as03(a)-adjuvanted split-virion h1n1 vaccine with respect to the eu committee for medicinal products for human use (chmp) and the us food and drug administration (fda) licensing criteria. | 2010 | 21208550 |
| a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in the pericentriolar material 1 gene is strongly associated with schizophrenia. | markers at the pericentriolar material 1 gene (pcm1) have shown genetic association with schizophrenia in both a university college london (ucl) and a usa-based case-control sample. in this paper we report a statistically significant replication of the pcm1 association in a large scottish case-control sample from aberdeen. resequencing of the genomic dna from research volunteers who had inherited haplotypes associated with schizophrenia showed a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in exon ... | 2010 | 19048012 |
| temporal perspective and parental intention to accept the human papillomavirus vaccination for their daughter. | a school-based vaccination programme to prevent infection with the human papillomavirus (hpv), the virus that causes cervical cancer, began in october 2008 in england. the present study evaluated the role of temporal perspective in the formation of attitudes and intentions towards the vaccine. | 2010 | 19402950 |
| h1n1 vaccine is released in uk to meet demand for protection against flu. | 2011 | 21216822 | |
| identifying and managing deprivation of liberty in adults in england and wales. | 2011 | 21220387 | |
| the cxcl16 a181v mutation selectively inhibits monocyte adhesion to cxcr6 but is not associated with human coronary heart disease. | the chemokine cxcl16 serves as a scavenger receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein and as an adhesion molecule and chemoattractant for cells expressing the receptor cxcr6. a commonly occurring cxcl16 allele has been described containing 2 nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in complete linkage disequilibrium, although the effects on cxcl16 function are unknown. here, we examined the effect of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms on cxcl16 function and assessed the association of t ... | 2011 | 21233446 |
| flexibility in reproductive timing in human females: integrating ultimate and proximate explanations. | from an ultimate perspective, the age of onset of female reproduction should be sensitive to variation in mortality rates, and variation in the productivity of non-reproductive activities. in accordance with this prediction, most of the cross-national variation in women's age at first birth can be explained by differences in female life expectancies and incomes. the within-country variation in england shows a similar pattern: women have children younger in neighbourhoods where the expectation of ... | 2011 | 21199840 |
| concurrent conditions and human listeriosis, england, 1999-2009. | the epidemiology of listeriosis in england and wales changed during 2001-2008; more patients ≥60 years of age had bacteremia than in previous years. to investigate these changes, we calculated risk for listeriosis by concurrent condition for non-pregnancy-associated listeriosis cases reported to the national surveillance system in england during 1999-2009. conditions occurring with l. monocytogenes infection were coded according to the international classification of diseases, 10th revision, and ... | 2011 | 21192852 |
| "knights" or "knaves"? public policy, professional power, and reforming maternity services. | recent quality and safety discourse stresses locating "human errors and mistakes" within an institutional framework. i go further to contend that, in spite of well-meaning individual practitioners, aspects of a powerful, self-interested obstetric professional culture pose a major barrier to quality childbirth care. using my analysis, i contrast the profession's "knightly" self-image with critical scholarship, and it examine evidence given to public inquiries into obstetric misdemeanors and mista ... | 2011 | 21154071 |
| changing patterns of sexual risk behavior among london gay men: 1998-2008. | to examine changes in the sexual behavior of london gay men between 1998 and 2008. | 2011 | 20921930 |
| age-specific effectiveness of an oil-in-water adjuvanted pandemic (h1n1) 2009 vaccine against confirmed infection in high risk groups in england. | the use of a squalene-containing (as03) pandemic vaccine for high-risk groups in england allowed vaccine effectiveness (ve) of such novel oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccine to be evaluated. | 2011 | 21148494 |
| tick surveillance in great britain. | the ability for public/veterinary health agencies to assess the risks posed by tick-borne pathogens is reliant on an understanding of the main tick vector species. crucially, the status, distribution, and changing trends in tick distribution and abundance are implicit requirements of any risk assessment; however, this is contingent on the quality of tick distribution data. since 2005 the health protection agency has promoted an enhanced tick surveillance program. through engagement with a variet ... | 2011 | 20849277 |
| type 2 diabetes in younger adults: clinical characteristics, diabetes-related complications and management of risk factors. | to describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of adults <35 years with type 2 diabetes (t2dm). | 2011 | 20851071 |
| a randomized placebo controlled trial of the effect of preoperative statin use on matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in areas of low and peak wall stress in patients undergoing elective open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. | a double-blind, randomized controlled trial was carried out to study the effects of statins on matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (timps) in areas of peak and low abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) wall stress. | 2011 | 20889295 |
| the conviction of dr. crippen: new forensic findings in a century-old murder. | dr. hawley crippen was accused and convicted of murdering his wife in london in 1910. key to the conviction was microscopic analysis of remains found in the crippen's coal cellar, which were identified as cora crippen based on a scar she was said to have. dr. crippen was hanged, always proclaiming his innocence. in this study, genealogical research was used to locate maternal relatives of cora crippen, and their mitochondrial haplotypes were determined. next, one of the pathology slides of the s ... | 2011 | 20735704 |
| concomitants of paranoia in the general population. | paranoia is an unregarded but pervasive attribute of human populations. in this study we carried out the most comprehensive investigation so far of the demographic, economic, social and clinical correlates of self-reported paranoia in the general population. | 2011 | 20735884 |
| epidemiology of anthroponotic and zoonotic human cryptosporidiosis in england and wales, 2004-2006. | in order to monitor epidemiological trends, cryptosporidium-positive samples (n=4509) from diarrhoeic patients were typed. compared to the previous 4 years, the proportion of cryptosporidium hominis cases in 2004-2006 increased to 57·3%, while 38·5% were c. parvum. the remaining 4·2% cases included mixed c. parvum and c. hominis infections, c. meleagridis, c. felis, c. ubiquitum and a novel genotype. when the typing results were combined with enhanced surveillance data to monitor risk exposures, ... | 2011 | 20619076 |
| oral bioaccessibility of metals in an urban catchment, newcastle upon tyne. | the metal content was determined in soils from a former, historic, contaminated land site and now a 'green' public open space in n.e. england. using a systematic sampling grid approach, 32 soil samples were taken from locations across the site and analyzed for six potentially toxic elements (cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, and zn). initially, the pseudo-total metal content of the soils was determined using acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. this data was evalua ... | 2011 | 20585835 |
| changes in fetal prevalence and outcome for trisomies 13 and 18: a population-based study over 23 years. | changes in prenatal diagnosis and maternal age are likely to have an impact on live born prevalence of trisomies 13 and 18. we investigated trends in diagnosis, prevalence, and survival in these conditions. | 2011 | 20384468 |
| pathogen-induced rapid evolution in a vertebrate life-history trait. | anthropogenic factors, including climate warming, are increasing the incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases worldwide. infectious diseases caused by pathogenic parasites can have severe impacts on host survival, thereby altering the selection regime and inducing evolutionary responses in their hosts. knowledge about such evolutionary consequences in natural populations is critical to mitigate potential ecological and economic effects. however, studies on pathogen-induced trait changes a ... | 2011 | 20667871 |
| spatial dynamics of the 1918 influenza pandemic in england, wales and the united states. | there is still limited understanding of key determinants of spatial spread of influenza. the 1918 pandemic provides an opportunity to elucidate spatial determinants of spread on a large scale. to better characterize the spread of the 1918 major wave, we fitted a range of city-to-city transmission models to mortality data collected for 246 population centres in england and wales and 47 cities in the us. using a gravity model for city-to-city contacts, we explored the effect of population size and ... | 2011 | 20573630 |
| national swine flu adult assessment guidelines: retrospective validation of objective criteria in three proxy datasets. | to validate the objective criteria in the department of health adult swine flu assessment tool against proxy datasets for pandemic influenza. | 2011 | 20581387 |
| programme to vaccinate poultry workers against seasonal influenza: options for delivery in the east of england. | avian influenza a (h5n1) has spread to the uk causing outbreaks in commercial poultry. vaccination of poultry workers with seasonal influenza has been advised to prevent a viral mutation that could facilitate human-to-human transmission, causing a new pandemic strain. this project aimed to determine delivery options and costs of a vaccination programme targeted at poultry workers. data from the great britain poultry register were used to understand the distribution of the target population. a st ... | 2011 | 19968846 |
| vaccination of poultry workers: delivery and uptake of seasonal influenza immunization. | avian influenza is a highly infectious disease in poultry and although the risk of human infection is low, concerns exist that it could evolve into a new human strain of pandemic potential if reassortment with a human influenza virus occurs. in january 2007, the uk government introduced a programme to vaccinate poultry workers to reduce the potential of such an event. this study evaluates the delivery, uptake and costs of the programme in three counties of england. a questionnaire survey was com ... | 2011 | 20042057 |
| a family of doctors over 250 years: innovation and controversy. | a family of watkins doctors originating in the northamptonshire town of towcester included 13 doctors in seven generations during 250 years. in each generation there were between one and four doctors. three doctors involved themselves actively in innovative yet controversial practises, described in their own writings and publications. timothy watkins' (1755-1834) own handwritten lecture notes describe the problems affecting an 18th-century man-midwife, while his accounts book provides insights i ... | 2011 | 21558531 |
| the tree as evolutionary icon: tree in the natural history museum, london. | as part of the darwin celebrations in 2009, the natural history museum in london unveiled tree, the first contemporary artwork to win a permanent place in the museum. while the artist claimed that the inspiration for tree came from darwin's famous notebook sketch of branching evolution, sometimes referred to as his "tree of life" drawing, this article emphasises the apparent incongruity between darwin's sketch and the artist's design -- best explained by other, complementary sources of inspirati ... | 2011 | 21560437 |
| familial c3 glomerulopathy associated with cfhr5 mutations: clinical characteristics of 91 patients in 16 pedigrees. | summary background and objectives complement factor h and related proteins (cfhr) are key regulators of the alternative complement pathway, where loss of function mutations lead to a glomerulopathy with isolated mesangial c3 deposits without immunoglobulins. gale et al. (12) reported on 26 patients with the first familial, hematuric glomerulopathy caused by a founder mutation in the cfhr5 gene in patients of cypriot descent living in the united kingdom. cfhr5 nephropathy is clinically characteri ... | 2011 | 21566112 |
| organisational quality, nurse staffing and the quality of chronic disease management in primary care: observational study using routinely collected data. | background: an association between quality of care and staffing levels, particularly registered nurses, has been established in acute hospitals. recently an association between nurse staffing and quality of care for several chronic conditions has also been demonstrated for primary care in english general practice. a smaller body of literature identifies organisational factors, in particular issues of human resource management, as being a dominant factor. however the literature has tended to cons ... | 2011 | 21571273 |
| patricia jacobs. | 2011 | 21577227 | |
| the prognostic significance of computerised tomography findings in women with liver metastases from breast cancer. | aims: while computerised tomography (ct) is used for diagnosis and assessing response to treatment little work has been performed on the prognostic significance of the ct findings in women with liver metastases. the aim of this study was to assess if the ct findings in women diagnosed with liver metastases at the time of first presentation with metastatic breast cancer have any prognostic significance. materials and methods: the staging ct scans of 78 consecutive women diagnosed with liver metas ... | 2011 | 21596564 |
| raymond greene: physician, mountaineer, and raconteur. | c. raymond greene (1901-1982) was a man of many talents. after graduating from medical school in 1927, he spent a decade in general practice. he subsequently became heavily involved in the emerging specialty of endocrinology and went on to gain considerable recognition in the treatment of thyroid disorders before eventually becoming involved in the world of medical publishing. aside from greene's mainstream vocational and intellectual pursuits, from boyhood he nurtured a passionate interest in m ... | 2011 | 21601498 |
| influenza and acute myocardial infarction. | 2011 | 21606526 | |
| circulating influenza virus, climatic factors, and acute myocardial infarction: a time series study in england and wales and hong kong. | (see the editorial commentary by finelli and chaves, on pages 1701-4.) background. previous studies identifying associations between influenza and acute cardiac events may have been confounded by climatic factors. differing seasonal patterns of influenza activity in hong kong and england and wales provide a natural experiment to examine associations with myocardial infarction (mi) independent of cold weather effects. methods. weekly clinical and laboratory influenza surveillance data, environmen ... | 2011 | 21606529 |
| hospital facilities for head injured children: uk national survey. | aim to assess how child emergency department (ed) attendances are distributed between hospitals across england, wales and northern ireland and how care is organised for children with a head injury. methods a cross-sectional survey was performed of the 245 hospitals in england wales, northern ireland and the crown dependencies (channel islands and isle of man) which were eligible to participate in the enquiry from september 2009 to april 2010. the survey covered hospital details, departments and ... | 2011 | 21609945 |
| limitations of the clea model when assessing human health risks from dioxins and furans in soil at an allotments site in rochdale, nw england. | many allotments in the uk today are situated on urban brownfield areas which creates a potential human health risk from soil borne contamination. this paper looks specifically at the risks to allotment users at a site in rochdale, uk, from polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (pcdd and pcdf). a contaminated land investigation was undertaken involving the collection and analysis of 24 soil samples from the top 0.0-0.3 m of the soil profile. homogenised egg samples ... | 2011 | 21611642 |
| endovascular aneurysm repair reverses the increased titer and the inflammatory activity of interleukin-1α in the serum of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. | objective: to examine serum cytokine/chemokine profiles before and 6 months after endovascular repair (evar) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) and to determine whether they correlate with serum inflammatory activity using an in vitro model of leukocyte recruitment. methods: serum il-1-α, il-1β, il-4, il-6, il-8, il-10, ifn-γ, ip-10, mcp-1, tnf-α, and tnf-β were measured using a cytometry-based immunoassay. to test patient serum for direct inflammatory activity, human endothelial cells (ec) were ... | 2011 | 21620624 |
| nephrology in a medicinal dictionary of robert james (1703-1776). | robert james was a member of the college of physicians at cambridge and a practitioner. he was considered one of the "three best known characters in london--perhaps in europe. the other two being the lexycographer samuel johnson and the shakespearean actor david garrick." james became famous for his powerful ability to write and publish, which produced many books, including the ponderous a medicinal dictionary, with a history of drugs, in 3 volumes in folio, published in london in the years 1743 ... | 2011 | 21614778 |
| incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse in colposcopy-negative/human papillomavirus-positive women with low-grade cytological abnormalities. | please cite this paper as: kelly r, walker p, kitchener h, moss s. incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse in colposcopy-negative/human papillomavirus-positive women with low-grade cytological abnormalities. bjog 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02970.x objective to determine the risk of incident high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) in human papillomavirus (hpv) -positive women with low-grade cytological abnormalities who had a satisfactory normal colp ... | 2011 | 21624034 |
| to moscow with love: partial reconstruction of vygotsky's trip to london. | the russian psychologist lev vygotsky (1896-1934) left the soviet union only once to attend a conference on the education of the deaf in london. so far almost nothing was known about this trip, which took place in a period when vygotsky was still completely unknown as a psychologist, both inside his own country and abroad. making use of a newly discovered notebook, it proved possible to partially reconstruct vygotsky's journey and stay in london. vygotsky's very personal remarks show him to have ... | 2011 | 21626140 |
| adiponectin and lipid profiles compared with insulins in relation to early growth of british south asian and european children: the manchester children's growth and vascular health study. | context: adiponectin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c) and insulin concentrations may be important in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. objective: we tested the hypothesis that serum adiponectin rather than insulin differs from early life, between south asians and europeans, with a potentially key role in excess cardiovascular risk characteristic of adult south asians. design and participants: we conducted a longitudinal study of 215 british-born children of european (n ... | 2011 | 21632814 |
| meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus with a novel meca homologue in human and bovine populations in the uk and denmark: a descriptive study. | background: animals can act as a reservoir and source for the emergence of novel meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) clones in human beings. here, we report the discovery of a strain of s aureus (lga251) isolated from bulk milk that was phenotypically resistant to meticillin but tested negative for the meca gene and a preliminary investigation of the extent to which such strains are present in bovine and human populations. methods: isolates of bovine mrsa were obtained from the vet ... | 2011 | 21641281 |
| increasing rates of cervical cancer in young women in england: an analysis of national data 1982-2006. | in england, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women aged under 35 years. overall incidence of cervical cancer has decreased since the introduction of the national screening programme in 1988 but recent trends of incidence in young women have not been studied in detail. | 2011 | 21654675 |
| food labels as boundary objects: how consumers make sense of organic and functional foods. | this paper considers how consumers make sense of food labeling, drawing on a qualitative, empirical study in england. i look in detail at two examples of labeling: 1) food certified as produced by organic methods and 2) functional food claimed to be beneficial for human health, especially probiotic and cholesterol-lowering products. i use the concept of "boundary objects" to demonstrate how such labels are intended to work between the worlds of food producers and food consumers and to show how i ... | 2011 | 21657133 |
| assisted dying commission is told of need for robust protocols. | 2011 | 21661641 | |
| demographic consequences of increased winter births in a large aseasonally breeding mammal (bos taurus) in response to climate change. | 1.ôçéstudies examining changes in the scheduling of breeding in response to climate change have focused on species with well-defined breeding seasons. species exhibiting year-round breeding have received little attention and the magnitudes of any responses are unknown. 2.ôçéwe investigated phenological data for an enclosed feral population of cattle (bos taurus l.) in northern england exhibiting year-round breeding. this population is relatively free of human interference. 3.ôçéwe assessed wheth ... | 2011 | 21668894 |
| lmtk3 expression in breast cancer: association with tumor phenotype and clinical outcome. | interactions between kinases and the estrogen receptor ╬▒ (er╬▒) are thought to be a critical signaling pathway in the majority of human breast cancers. we have recently identified a previously uncharacterized molecule, lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (lmtk3) as a prognostic and predictive oncogenic er╬▒ regulator with a central role in endocrine resistance. unusually this protein has undergone darwinian positive selection between chimpanzees and humans suggesting it may contribute to human susceptibili ... | 2011 | 21671015 |