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[radio and chemotherapy in gallbladder cancer: a latin american consensus].no randomized controlled trials have been conducted in gallbladder cancer to establish standard treatments. we therefore conducted the first latin american consensus meeting for the management of gallbladder cancer. in this paper we report the conclusions of the experts' panel for (neo) adjuvant treatment of resectable gallbladder cancer. these are based on the review of the literature, the discussion of the participating experts and the vote of the assistants (surgical oncologists, medical onco ...201223282782
endoscopic ultrasound in restaging and predicting pathological response for advanced gastric cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.aim: to evaluate the role of endoscopic ultrasound (eus) in restaging and predicting response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. methods: in all, 48 advanced gastric cancer patients were recruited from june 2007 to december 2010 after providing their written, informed consent. all patients underwent an eus before and after three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (folfox 6), and then a radical resection was performed 3-4 weeks after chemotherapy. the results ...201223279745
comparison between cranial thoracic intervertebral disc herniations in german shepherd dogs and other large breed dogs.cranial thoracic intervertebral disc herniations have been reported to be rare in dogs due to the presence of the intercapital ligament, however some studies have proposed they may not be uncommon in german shepherd dogs. the purpose of this retrospective study was to compare cranial thoracic intervertebral disc herniations in german shepherd dogs and other large breed dogs (control group). medical records at the ontario veterinary college were searched for german shepherd dogs and other large b ...201223278950
cryoelectron microscopy analysis of small heat shock protein 16.5 (hsp16.5) complexes with t4 lysozyme reveals the structural basis of multimode binding.small heat shock proteins (shsps) are ubiquitous chaperones that bind and sequester non-native proteins preventing their aggregation. despite extensive studies of shsps chaperone activity, the location of the bound substrate within the shsp oligomer has not been determined. in this paper, we used cryoelectron microscopy (cryoem) to visualize destabilized mutants of t4 lysozyme (t4l) bound to engineered variants of the small heat shock protein hsp16.5. in contrast to wild type hsp16.5, binding of ...201223277356
thyroid hormones and erythrocyte indices in a cohort of euthyroid older subjects.hypothyroidism is associated with normocytic anaemia. indeed, a limited number of studies have shown significant associations between free thyroxin (t4) and erythrocyte indices. these studies did not include vitamin b12, folic acid, iron and renal function in the analyses. we therefore studied the association between thyroid hormones and erythrocyte indices in a population-based cohort of older euthyroid subjects, with adjustment for major confounding parameters.201223276452
eplt4 proteinaceous elicitor produced in pichia pastoris has a protective effect against cercosporidium sofinum infections of soybean leaves.a complementary dna library was constructed from the mycelium of trichoderma asperellum t4, and a highly expressed gene fragment named eplt4 was found. in order to find a more efficient and cost-effective way of obtaining eplt4, this study attempted to produce eplt4 using a pichia pastoris expression system. the gene encoding eplt4, with an additional 6-his tag at the c-terminus, was cloned into the yeast vector ppic9k and expressed in the p. pastoris strain gs115 to obtaining more protein for t ...201223271623
[clinical analysis of patients with stage iv ( colorectal cancer after palliative resection of primary tumor].to investigate the independent predictors of postoperative mortality, morbidity, and long-term survival in patients with stage iv ( colorectal cancer.201223268278
a survey of host range genes in poxvirus genomes.poxviruses are widespread pathogens, which display extremely different host ranges. whereas some poxviruses, including variola virus, display narrow host ranges, others such as cowpox viruses naturally infect a wide range of mammals. the molecular basis for differences in host range are poorly understood but apparently depend on the successful manipulation of the host antiviral response. some poxvirus genes have been shown to confer host tropism in experimental settings and are thus called host ...201223268114
[evaluation of chemoradiotherapy for stage ii and iii( non-t4) esophageal cancer].we retrospectively evaluated the clinical efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for surgically resectable stage ii and iii (non-t4) esophageal cancer.201223267987
[complete response obtained by preoperative chemotherapy in a case of t4 rectal cancer].a 48-year-old man, who had presented with anal pain and cloudy urine, was referred to our hospital. colonoscopy showed a type 2 circular tumor at the higher rectum, and a diagnosis of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was made by biopsy. ct demonstrated increased thickness of the rectum wall, an equivocal boundary between the rectum and the bladder, and abnormal gas production in the bladder. following diagnosis of t4 rectal cancer, preoperative chemotherapy was initiated with the aim of downst ...201223267941
[a case of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis in the main trunk of the portal vein successfully treated by multidisciplinary therapies].we report a case of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(hcc) with tumor thrombosis in the main trunk of the portal vein successfully treated by multidisciplinary therapies. this case is that of a 61-year-old man with loss of appetite and weight loss. the abdominal computed tomography revealed an early enhanced and late wash-out lesion in the right hepatic lobe and tumor thrombosis in the major trunk of the portal vein. we diagnosed advanced hcc related to chronic hepatitis c [t4 (vp4) n0m0, stage ...201223267913
effect of corticosterone on growth and welfare of broiler chickens showing long or short tonic immobility.tonic immobility (ti) test is commonly used to assess fear. animals showing different ti durations demonstrate distinct behavior and biochemical responses to stress. however, less is known about how ti phenotype affects growth and welfare of domestic fowl. in this study, broiler chickens (gallus gallus) were classified into short and long ti duration (sti and lti) phenotypes and treated chronically with vehicle (con) or corticosterone (cort). sti broilers demonstrated significantly higher growth ...201223266338
surgical treatment of ossification of the ligamentum flavum associated with dural ossification in the thoracic spine.between january 2006 and december 2009, dural ossification (do) was found intraoperatively in 26 of 98 patients with thoracic spinal stenosis due to ossification of the ligamentum flavum (olf). mri showed single-level (n = 2), two-level (n = 8) and multilevel (n = 16) areas of low signal intensity in the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic spine. of the 68 ossified segments in the study population, 11 (16.2%) were located in the upper thoracic spine (t1-t4), nine (13.2%) were located in the midtho ...201223266313
the prognostic significance of hypoxia inducing factor 1-α in oropharyngeal cancer in relation to human papillomavirus status.this study examines the prognostic significance of hypoxia inducing factor-1α (hif-1α) expression in relation to human papillomavirus (hpv) status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (scc).201223266008
the incidence of interval cancers in the german mammography screening program: results from the population-based cancer registry in north rhine-westphalia.cancer screening programs must meet high standards for quality and effectiveness, because many healthy persons need to be screened to detect relatively few cases of cancer. in this study, we use the rate of interval cancers as an important surrogate indicator for evaluating the german mammography screening program (msp).201223264826
dynamics of friendship networks and alcohol use in early and mid-adolescence.similarity in alcohol consumption among adolescent friends could be caused by the influence of friends or by the selection of friends who consume similar levels of alcohol. this article aims to disentangle influence and selection processes while specifically examining changes over time in these processes and possible differences between reciprocal and nonreciprocal friendships.201222152667
number of lymph nodes retrieved is an important determinant of survival of patients with stage ii and stage iii colorectal cancer.the number of lymph nodes retrieved is recognized to be a prognostic factor of stage ii colorectal cancer. however, the prognostic significance of the number of lymph nodes retrieved in stage iii colorectal cancer remains controversial.201222102737
site-specific isotope labeling of long rna for structural and mechanistic studies.a site-specific isotope labeling technique of long rna molecules was established. this technique is comprised of two simple enzymatic reactions, namely a guanosine transfer reaction of group i self-splicing introns and a ligation with t4 dna ligase. the trans-acting group i self-splicing intron with its external cofactor, 'isotopically labeled guanosine 5'-monophosphate' (5'-gmp), steadily gave a 5'-residue-labeled rna fragment. this key reaction, in combination with a ligation of 5'-remainder n ...201222080547
molecular determinants of hiv-2 r5-x4 tropism in the v3 loop: development of a new genotypic tool.objective. the use of ccr5 inhibitors requires a tool to predict human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) tropism, as established in hiv-1. the aim of our study was to identify genotypic determinants of hiv-2 tropism located in the gp105 v3 loop. methods. hiv-2 tropism phenotypic assays were performed on 53 hiv-2 clinical isolates using gfp expressing human osteosarcoma t4 [ghost(3)] cell lines expressing cd4 and ccr5 or cxcr4 coreceptors. the gp105 v3 loop was sequenced and analyzed. results ...201222140264
immune function in female b(6)c(3)f(1) mice is modulated by de-71, a commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are an important class of flame-retardants that are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative. toxicity of these compounds has become a concern because detectable levels of pbdes are present in humans and wildlife and they are structurally similar to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). this study examined the effects of the commercial penta-bde mixture, de-71, in adult female b(6)c(3)f(1) mice on hematology, serum clinical chemistry, thyroid hormones, ti ...201222214215
endoscopic vs transfacial resection of sinonasal adenocarcinomas.objectives. compare the survival and the complication rates of 2 comparable groups of patients who underwent either endoscopic or transfacial resection of a sinonasal adenocarcinoma.study design. historical cohort study.setting. tertiary referral center.subjects and methods. twenty-four patients with sinonasal adenocarcinomas who recently underwent an endoscopy (the endo group, 1999-2009) were compared with 24 patients who underwent a lateral rhinotomy procedure (the lr group, 1993-2007). the pr ...201222261496
spontaneus bilateral pedicle fracture 30 years after harrington instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis: a case report.abstract: introduction: spontaneous fractures of the spine are a common entity. they usually occur in older people with osteoporosis. this case is presented on account of its rarity. to the best of the authors' knowledge only one case of an osteoporotic pedicle fracture after harrington instrumentation has been described before. case presentation: we report the case of a 46-year-old caucasian woman who underwent surgery due to idiopathic scoliosis with a harrington instrumentation (t4 to l3) 3 ...201222269652
creation and validation of a ligation-independent cloning (lic) retroviral vector for stable gene transduction in mammalian cells.abstract: background: cloning vectors capable of retroviral transduction have enabled stable gene overexpression in numerous mitotic cell lines. however, the relatively small number of feasible restriction enzyme sequences in their cloning sites can hinder successful generation of overexpression constructs if these sequences are also present in the target cdna insert. results: utilizing ligation-independent cloning (lic) technology, we have modified the highly efficient retroviral transduction ...201222248071
a longitudinal assessment of early pubertal timing as a predictor of psychosocial changes in adolescent girls with and without spina bifida.objective: a longitudinal comparison of adolescent girls with and without spina bifida (sb), regarding the effects of early pubertal timing on girls' depressive symptoms, mother-daughter conflict, and emotional distancing. methods: 62 mother-daughter dyads (31 with sb and 31 without) reported on psychosocial outcomes at 5 time points (ages 8/9 to 16/17 years). results: a pubertal timing × sb status interaction predicted emotional distancing (t2), conflict (t2, t5), and depressive symptoms (t4) ...201222271794
the link between thyroid function and depression.the relation between thyroid function and depression has long been recognized. patients with thyroid disorders are more prone to develop depressive symptoms and conversely depression may be accompanied by various subtle thyroid abnormalities. traditionally, the most commonly documented abnormalities are elevated t4 levels, low t3, elevated rt3, a blunted tsh response to trh, positive antithyroid antibodies, and elevated csf trh concentrations. in addition, thyroid hormone supplements appear to a ...201222220285
differences of the lymphatic distribution and surgical outcomes between remnant gastric cancers and primary proximal gastric cancers.background: although remnant gastric cancer (rgc) following distal gastrectomy is located in the proximal stomach, little is known about the differences of the lymphatic distribution and surgical outcomes between rgc and primary proximal gastric cancer (pgc). methods: between 1997 and 2008, 1,149 patients underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer. of these, 33 (2.9%) rgc patients and 207 (18.5%) pgc patients were ...201222215245
comparison of clinical outcomes for patients with large choroidal melanoma after primary treatment with enucleation or proton beam radiotherapy.purpose: to evaluate survival and clinical outcome for patients with a large uveal melanoma treated by either enucleation or proton beam radiotherapy (pbrt). procedures: this retrospective non-randomized study evaluated 132 consecutive patients with t3 and t4 choroidal melanoma classified according to tnm stage grouping. results: cumulative all-cause mortality, melanoma-related mortality and metastasis-free survival were not statistically different between the two groups (log-rank test, p = 0.56 ...201222269846
the determining risk factors for treatment outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate.background: the determining risk factors for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate are not well verified. methods: medical records from our facility of all patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate receiving curative surgery between march 2003 and may 2009 were reviewed. results: seventy-eight patients were enrolled in ...201222271207
single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: the first 100 resections.: single-port laparoscopy remains a novel technique in the field of colorectal surgery. several small series have examined its safety for colon resection.201222228155
comparisons of polybrominated diphenyl ethers levels in paired south korean cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk samples.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), commonly used flame retardants, have been reported as potential endocrine disruptor and neurodevelopmental toxicants, thus giving rise to the public health concern. the goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk concentrations of pbdes in south korean. we assessed pbde levels in paired samples of umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk. the levels of seven pbde congener ...201222236587
a systematic review and meta-analysis of the utility of eus for preoperative staging for gastric cancer.background: accurate preoperative staging is important in determining the appropriate treatment of gastric cancer. recently, endoscopic ultrasound (eus) has been introduced as a staging modality. however, reported test characteristics for eus in gastric cancer vary. our purpose in this study was to identify, synthesize, and evaluate findings from all articles on the performance of eus in the preoperative staging of gastric cancer. met ...201222237654
the role of chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable t4 breast tumors.purpose: unresectable t4 tumors of the breast are usually treated with systemic therapies, while the role of local therapies remains debatable. this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy as a part of t4 breast cancer treatment, and to assess the role of local radiotherapies in patients with unresectable t4 breast tumors. materials/methods: between february 1998 and june 2010, 39 unresectab ...201222274798
topical nitrogen mustard therapy in patients with mycosis fungoides or parapsoriasis.background  topical nitrogen mustard is a chemotherapeutic agent used in treatment of mycosis fungoides (mf). objective  to evaluate the response and side effects in patients with mf and parapsoriasis treated with topical nitrogen mustard. methods  a retrospective study of treatment response in 116 patients diagnosed with mf and 71 patients with parapsoriasis and treated with topical nitrogen mustard from 1991 to 2009. results  overall response rate and complete response (cr) rate was 91.4% and ...201222229501
the value of diagnostic whole-body scanning and serum thyroglobulin in the presence of elevated serum thyrotropin during follow-up of anti-thyroglobulin antibody-positive patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who appeared to be free of disease after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine ablation.background: in the presence of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (tgab), serum thyroglobulin (tg) might be underestimated. therefore, the american thyroid association does not recommend serum tg after thyroid hormone withdrawal or recombinant human thyrotropin administration (stimulated tg) and diagnostic whole-body scanning (dxwbs) in tgab-positive patients who have serum tg values while on thyroxine (tg-on-t4) of <1 ng/ml. the objective of this study was to determine, in patients with differentiat ...201222224815
prognostic factors for locoregional recurrences in colon cancer.background: there is increased interest in locoregional recurrences of rectal cancer. despite comparable locoregional recurrence rates in colon cancer, only a few studies on locoregional recurrences among colon cancer patients have been published. this study was designed to identify prognostic factors for locoregional recurrences among patients with colon cancer in the netherlands. methods: the study population w ...201222219065
reliability and validity of the multidimensional dyspnea profile (mdp).abstract background:most measures of dyspnea assess a single aspect (intensity or distress) of the symptom. we developed the multidimensional dyspnea profile (mdp) to measure qualities and intensities of the sensory dimension and components of the affective dimension. the mdp is not indexed to a particular activity and can be applied at rest, during exertion, or clinical care. we report on the development and testing of the mdp in patients with a variety of acute and chronic cardiopulmonary cond ...201222267681
clinical and histologic features of inverted papilloma-associated malignancy.the objectives of the study were to analyze the clinical features of inverted papillomas (ip) associated with malignancy and to evaluate the correlation of tumor stage, survival and histolologic features. we conducted a retrospective review of 18 ip associated with malignancy patients. in addition, we compared histopathologic characteristics (tumor differentiation and malignant cell proportion) with clinical outcomes. eleven of the tumors were present on the nasal cavity and 7 on the maxillary s ...201222271282
wheelchair half-marathon race increases natural killer cell activity in persons with cervical spinal cord injury.study design:non-randomized study.objective:we reported that individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (csci) showed no increase in natural killer cell activity (nkca) in response to 20-min arm exercise. it could be argued that this lack of response was owing to the short duration and intensity of the exercise.setting:the 29th oita international wheelchair marathon race.methods:the present study compared the effects of wheelchair half-marathon race on natural killer (nk) cell count, nkca and ...201222249325
deletion of the rnaseiii enzyme dicer in thyroid follicular cells causes hypothyroidism with signs of neoplastic alterations.micro-rnas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas that regulate gene expression, mainly at mrna post-transcriptional level. functional maturation of most mirnas requires processing of the primary transcript by dicer, an rnaseiii-type enzyme. to date, the importance of mirna function for normal organogenesis has been demonstrated in several mouse models of tissue-specific dicer inactivation. however, the role of mirnas in thyroid development has not yet been addressed. for the present study, we gener ...201222242190
serum transthyretin concentration is decreased in dogs with nonthyroidal illness.background: hypothyroidism in dogs is often difficult to diagnose owing to nonspecific clinical signs and laboratory test results that can be mimicked by nonthyroidal illness (nti). thyroxine (t4) circulates in blood mainly bound to t4-binding globulin and, to a lesser degree, transthyretin (ttr) and albumin. the concentration of total t4 depends on the concentrations of these binding proteins. objectives: we hypothesized that dogs with nti and decreased serum total t4 concentrations would have ...201222250994
structural mechanism of the phosphorylation-dependent dimerization of the mdc1 forkhead-associated domain.mdc1 is a key mediator of the dna-damage response in mammals with several phosphorylation-dependent protein interaction domains. the function of its n-terminal forkhead-associated (fha) domain remains elusive. here, we show with structural, biochemical and cellular data that the fha domain mediates phosphorylation-dependent dimerization of mdc1 in response to dna damage. crystal structures of the fha domain reveal a face-to-face dimer with pseudo-dyad symmetry. we found that the fha domain recog ...201222234877
viral elution and concentration method for detection of influenza a viruses in mud by real-time rt-pcr.the role of environmental reservoirs in avian influenza virus (aiv) transmission has been investigated during aiv-associated outbreaks. to date, no method has been defined for detection of aiv from mud samples. a procedure using elution and polyethylene glycol (peg) concentration steps was designed to detect aiv by rt-pcr from 42g of raw mud, corresponding to 30g of the solid fraction of mud. rna was recovered with magmax ai/nd viral rna isolation kit (ambion, austin, tx). three elution buffers ...201222036660
omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enrichment alters performance and immune response in infectious bursal disease challenged broilers.abstract: background: infectious bursal disease (ibd) results in economic loss due to mortality, reduction in production efficiency and increasing the usage of antibiotics. this study was carried out to investigate the modulatory roles of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) enrichment in immune response and performance of ibd challenged broiler chickens. methods: a total of 300 day old male broiler chicks were assigned to four dietary n-3 pufa ascending levels as the treatment group ...201222273277
role of spinal cord in regulating mouse kidney: a virally mediated trans-synaptic tracing study.objective: to determine the spinal innervation and neuronal connections is important for studying renal metabolic responses. materials and methods: in this study, the spinal cords of 10 adult male c57bl/6j strain mice were mapped retrograde using injections of pseudorabies virus (prv)-614. the virus, injected into the kidney, was specifically transported to the spinal cord. results: at 5 days after injection of the prv-614, prv-614-positive cells were found in the intermediolateral cell column, ...201222245294
a population-based study of the pattern of terminal care and hospital death in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) is a major cause of cancer-related death and utilization of health care resources worldwide. significant costs are generated in the months before death, with hospitalization being a major cost driver. moreover, hospital death causes physical and emotional distress. we analyzed factors predicting the likelihood of hospital death from nsclc. patients who died from nsclc (any stage and treatment) during the recent 5-year interval up to 31.12.2010, within a defined ...201222213306
the role of molecular markers and tumor histological type in central lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.to look for genetic mutations that might predict central compartment lymph node metastasis (lnm) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (ptc) using strict criteria for n0 and n1 disease.201222249628
sequence, structure, and dynamic determinants of hsp27 (hspb1) equilibrium dissociation are encoded by the n-terminal domain.human small heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) undergoes concentration-dependent equilibrium dissociation from an ensemble of large oligomers to a dimer. this phenomenon plays a critical role in hsp27 chaperone activity in vitro enabling high affinity binding to destabilized proteins. in vivo dissociation, which is regulated by phosphorylation, controls hsp27 role in signaling pathways. in this study, we explore the sequence determinants of hsp27 dissociation and define the structural basis underlyin ...201222264079
impact of histological response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on recurrence-free survival in uicc-t3 pancreatic adenocarcinoma but not in uicc-t4.although the prognostic benefit of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (ncrt) against pancreatic cancer has been indicated by several reports, it is controversial whether histological response is associated with prognosis. the objective was to explore the relationship between histological response and prognosis in t3 and t4 pancreatic adenocarcinoma.201221934551
Multivisceral and standard resections in colorectal cancer.The current study was designed to identify prognostic factors for long-term survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer in a consecutive cohort.201221968828
Assembling linear DNA templates for in vitro transcription and translation.Cell-free expression systems provide straightforward access from genes to the corresponding proteins, involving fewer handling steps than in vivo procedures. A quick procedure to assemble a gene of interest into a linear DNA template together with 3'- and 5'-untranslated regions using a coupled uracil-excision-ligation strategy based on USER Enzyme and T4 DNA ligase. This methodology will be useful for repeated cycles of expression and in vitro selection, in which gene libraries are repeatedly a ...201222130984
multifaceted suppression of aggressive behavior of thyroid carcinoma by all-trans retinoic acid induced re-differentiation.since all-trans retinoic acid (atra) has shown promising results in differentiation therapy, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of atra on thyroid carcinoma and to evaluate the effectiveness of atra in redifferentiation induction of thyroid carcinoma. therefore, we investigated cell growth rate, morphological and nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio, adherent-dependent growth, response to chemotherapy drug following differentiation, t3 and t4 measurement, and critical genes expressi ...201221924320
gastric cancer eastern experience.several guidelines are used for cancer therapy throughout the world. the japan gastric cancer association guideline, whereby standard surgery for t2 to t4 curable gastric cancer is defined as more than two-thirds gastrectomy with d2 dissection, are widely followed, with further data being gathered from either single institutions or nationwide registry. in the east, d2 dissection shows much better results than less extended surgery followed by adjuvant treatment. adjuvant chemotherapy without rad ...201222098832
UV-induced DNA damage and DNA repair in ribosomal genes chromatin.Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6,4) pyrimidine-pyrimidone dimers are the major DNA lesions (or photoproducts) induced by ultraviolet light and are removed by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. If not repaired, DNA damage can lead to genome instability. The genome is organized into nuclear domains with distinct functions and chromatin structures. Although studies on NER in all chromosomal contexts are important to understand the mechanisms of genome maintenance, we focused o ...201222113285
(32)P-postlabelling for the Sensitive Detection of DNA Adducts.32P-postlabelling is a technique originally described by Kurt Randerath and colleagues for the sensitive detection of damage produced in DNA by reactive chemicals or genotoxins. The procedure essentially entails the enzymatic digestion of DNA to nucleoside 3'-monophosphates which are then radioactively labelled using T4 polynucleotide kinase and [?(32)P]-adenosine triphosphate. Adducted nucleoside-3'-5'-bisphosphates are then separated from their normal counterparts by thin layer chromatography. ...201222147574
overt and subclinical hypothyroidism: who to treat and how.hypothyroidism denotes deficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland and can be primary (abnormality in thyroid gland itself) or secondary/central (as a result of hypothalamic or pituitary disease). the term 'subclinical hypothyroidism' is used to define that grade of primary hypothyroidism in which there is an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) concentration in the presence of normal serum free thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) concentrations. subclinical hypothyro ...201222191793
A randomized controlled study investigating static and dynamic balance in older adults after training with pilates.Bird M-L, Hill KD, Fell JW. A randomized controlled study investigating static and dynamic balance in older adults after training with Pilates.201221975148
Social stress-induced hypothyroidism is attenuated by antidepressant treatment in rats.Although serotonergic system has been classically implicated in mood modulation, there has been relatively little study on the relationship between this system and thyroid hormones (TH) economy in stress models. When TH are studied, the effects of stress on thyroid function seems to be complex and depend on the kind and time of stress which counts for the elusiveness of mechanisms underlying changes in TH economy. Herein, we hypothesized that serum TH are affected in a time-dependent fashion aft ...201221903114
Comparison of endocrine-mediated effects of two bisphenol A related compounds, 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophyenyl)propane and 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebisphenol, based on subacute oral toxicity studies using rats.The purpose of this study was to compare endocrine-mediated effects of bisphenol A related compounds, 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophyenyl)propane and 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebisphenol with reference to OECD Test Guideline No. 407. Rats were orally gavaged with 0, 4, 20, and 100mg/kg/day of 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophyenyl)propane, and 0, 30, 100, and 300mg/kg/day of 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebisphenol for at least 28 days beginning at 8 weeks of age. Endocrine-mediated effects were not observed in rats given 2,2-bis(4-cyana ...201222093917
A phase III trial of docetaxel-estramustine in high-risk localised prostate cancer: A planned analysis of response, toxicity and quality of life in the GETUG 12 trial.To assess docetaxel-estramustine in patients with localised high-risk prostate cancer.201222119204
Determinants of the cytotoxicity of PrrC anticodon nuclease and its amelioration by tRNA repair.Breakage of tRNA(Lys(UUU)) by the Escherichia coli anticodon nuclease PrrC (EcoPrrC) underlies a host antiviral response to phage T4 infection that is ultimately thwarted by a virus-encoded RNA repair system. PrrC homologs are prevalent in other bacteria, but their activities and substrates are not defined. We find that induced expression of EcoPrrC is toxic in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and E. coli, whereas the Neisseria meningitidis PrrC (NmePrrC) is not. PrrCs consist of an N-terminal NTPase mo ...201222101242
Is celiac axis resection justified for T4 pancreatic body cancer?The clinical impact of the distal pancreatectomy with en-bloc celiac axis resection for locally advanced pancreatic body cancer remains unclear.201222088810
n-vinylpyrrolidone dimer, a novel formulation excipient, causes hepatic and thyroid hypertrophy through the induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes in rats.n-vinylpyrrolidone dimer (vpd) is a novel experimental formulation excipient intended for preclinical toxicology studies. in a previous 4-week toxicity study, vpd induced dose-dependent hepatocellular and thyroid gland hypertrophy in sprague-dawley (sd) rats. the objectives of the current investigation were to define the underlying molecular mechanisms of these changes. two separate studies were conducted using male sd rats, daily doses of 300, 1000 or 3,000 mg/kg of vpd, and a positive control ...201222037397
anthrax vaccine antigen-adjuvant formulations completely protect new zealand white rabbits against challenge with bacillus anthracis ames strain spores.in an effort to develop an improved anthrax vaccine that shows high potency, five different anthrax protective antigen (pa)-adjuvant vaccine formulations that were previously found to be efficacious in a nonhuman primate model were evaluated for their efficacy in a rabbit pulmonary challenge model using bacillus anthracis ames strain spores. the vaccine formulations include pa adsorbed to alhydrogel, pa encapsulated in liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid a, stable liposomal pa oil-in-water ...201222089245
Excess body fat is associated with higher risk of vertebral deformities in older women but not in men: a cross-sectional study.Thinness is a risk factor for fractures, but the effect of obesity on fracture risk is less clear. We found an association between measures of obesity and prevalence and number of vertebral deformities in women but not in men, in a cross-sectional study of 1,011 participants aged 50-80 years.201221850547
Thyroid function in childhood obesity and metabolic comorbidity.Childhood obesity is a worldwide health problem and its prevalence is increasing steadily and dramatically all over the world. Obese subjects have a much greater likelihood than normal-weight children of acquiring dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and impaired glucose metabolism, which significantly increase their risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Elevated TSH concentrations in association with normal or slightly elevated free T4 and/or free T3 levels have been consistently fou ...201222130312
Clinical nodal staging scores for bladder cancer: a proposal for preoperative risk assessment.Radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection (LND) is the standard of care for refractory non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although consensus exists on the need for LND, its extent is still debated.201222033174
Early Markers of Tubular Dysfunction in Antiretroviral-Experienced HIV-Infected Patients Treated with Tenofovir Versus Abacavir.Abstract Tenofovir disoproxil fumerate (TDF) is an effective nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for HIV infection but it is potentially nephrotoxic. A selective mithochondrial toxicity has been hypothesized. To assess early markers of renal toxicity, we evaluated a cohort of antiretroviral (ARV)-experienced HIV patients who had been switched from a thymidinic backbone to either a TDF/emtricitabine regimen (TDF; 73 patients) or an abacavir/lamivudine (ABV) regimen (28 patients). Markers ...201222136504
Combined androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial.Whether the addition of radiation therapy (RT) improves overall survival in men with locally advanced prostate cancer managed with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is unclear. Our aim was to compare outcomes in such patients with locally advanced prostate cancer.201222056152
Long-term skeletal and dental stability of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis with a hybrid distractor.The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term skeletal and dental stability of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO) with a tooth-borne and bone-borne hybrid distractor. To differentiate the effects of MSDO from the orthodontic movement and relapse, each phase of treatment was analyzed.201222196186
The population level prevalence and correlates of appropriate and inappropriate imaging to stage incident prostate cancer in the medicare population.According to guidelines most men with incident prostate cancer do not require staging imaging. We determined the population level prevalence and correlates of appropriate and inappropriate imaging in this cohort.201222088337
ED50 of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine With Fentanyl for Cesarean Delivery Under Combined Spinal Epidural in Normotensive and Preeclamptic Patients.The use of reduced intrathecal doses is advised for spinal anesthesia during cesarean delivery. However, there are inadequate data regarding the minimum effective dose of intrathecal bupivacaine for cesarean delivery. Preeclampsia is caused by an endothelial dysfunction leading to generalized vasoconstriction. Whether this can offset the pregnancy-induced decrease in intrathecal dose requirement caused by epidural venous dilation and consequent thecal compression is not known. There are no data ...201222030721
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