Publications

mice lacking the isg15 e1 enzyme ube1l demonstrate increased susceptibility to both mouse-adapted and non-mouse-adapted influenza b virus infection.	isg15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza virus, with infection inducing both the conjugation of isg15 to target proteins and production of free isg15. here, we report that mice lacking the isg15 e1 enzyme ube1l fail to form isg15 conjugates. both ube1l(-/-) and isg15(-/-) mice display increased susceptibility to influenza b virus infection, including non-mouse-adapted strains. finally, we demonstrate that isg15 controls influenza b virus infection through its action wit ...	2009	19004958
analysis of influenza b virus ns1 protein trafficking reveals a novel interaction with nuclear speckle domains.	many proteins that function in the transcription, maturation, and export of metazoan mrnas are concentrated in nuclear speckle domains, indicating that the compartment is important for gene expression. here, we show that the ns1 protein of influenza b virus (b/ns1) accumulates in nuclear speckles and causes rounding and morphological changes of the domains, indicating a disturbance in their normal functions. this property was located within the n-terminal 90 amino acids of the b/ns1 protein and ...	2009	18987144
cs-8958, a prodrug of the new neuraminidase inhibitor r-125489, shows long-acting anti-influenza virus activity.	two neuraminidase (na) inhibitors, zanamivir (relenza) and oseltamivir phosphate (tamiflu), have been licensed for the treatment of and prophylaxis against influenza. in this paper, the new potent na inhibitor r-125489 is reported for the first time. r-125489 inhibited the na activities of various type a and b influenza viruses, including subtypes n1 to n9 and oseltamivir-resistant viruses. the survival effect of r-125489 was shown to be similar to that of zanamivir when administered intranasall ...	2009	18955520
antiviral resistance in influenza viruses circulating in central and south america based on the detection of established genetic markers.	recent influenza antiviral resistance studies reveal an alarming increase in both adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) resistant viral strains worldwide, particularly in asia, europe and the united states.	2009	19496844
evaluation of four real-time pcr assays for detection of influenza a(h1n1)v viruses.	the sensitivity and specificity of four real-time pcr assays (hpa a(h1)v, cdc a (h1)v, hpa a(n1)v and nvrl s-oiv assays) was evaluated for detection of influenza a(h1n1)v viruses. nose and throat swab samples containing influenza a(h1n1)v viruses, seasonal influenza ah3n2, ah1n1, influenza b viruses, or negative for influenza viruses were tested by the four assays. specificity was also analysed using influenza a viruses of different subtypes and non-related respiratory viruses. the sensitivities ...	2009	19497254
differences in serum cytokine levels between influenza virus a and b infections in children.	to investigate differences in cytokine production between influenza a and b.	2009	19497758
the limitations of point of care testing for pandemic influenza: what clinicians and public health professionals need to know.	as the world prepares for the next influenza pandemic, governments have made significant funding commitments to vaccine development and antiviral stockpiling. while these are essential components to pandemic response, rapid and accurate diagnostic testing remains an often neglected cornerstone of pandemic influenza preparedness. clinicians and public health practitioners need to understand the benefits and drawbacks of different influenza tests in both seasonal and pandemic settings. culture has ...	2009	19507723
influenza b virus ribonucleoprotein is a potent activator of the antiviral kinase pkr.	activation of the latent kinase pkr is a potent innate defense reaction of vertebrate cells towards viral infections, which is triggered by recognition of viral double-stranded (ds) rna and results in a translational shutdown. a major gap in our understanding of pkr's antiviral properties concerns the nature of the kinase activating molecules expressed by influenza and other viruses with a negative strand rna genome, as these pathogens produce little or no detectable amounts of dsrna. here we sy ...	2009	19521506
case-based surveillance of influenza hospitalizations during 2004-2008, colorado, usa.	colorado became the first state to make laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations a case-based reportable condition in 2004. we summarized surveillance for influenza hospitalizations in colorado during the first 4 recorded influenza seasons (2004-2008). we highlight the similarities and differences among influenza seasons; no 2 seasons were entirely the same. the 2005-06 influenza season had 2 distinct waves of activity (types a and b), the 2006-07 season was substantially later ...	2009	19523287
[type and subtype distribution of influenza virus and genetic evolution of hemagglutinin in shanghai area in duration of 2004 - 2008].	to analyze the type and subtype distribution of influenza virus and the genetic evolution of hemagglutinin (ha) in shanghai area during 2004 to 2008.	2009	19534952
[interaction of influenza a and b viruses with polyaniline nano complexes].	the paper gives data on the sorption of influenza a and b viruses diluted from different solutions on polyaniline sorbents synthesized with low and high molecular-weight polymer acids. irrespective of the antigenic structure of surface proteins, the influenza a and b viruses isolated in the period of 1977 to 2008 were shown to be able to be immobilized on polyaniline sorbents in the temperature range of 4 to 37 degrees c. the immobilized viruses interacted with homologous immune sera.	2009	19537093
mixed infection and the genesis of influenza virus diversity.	the emergence of viral infections with potentially devastating consequences for human health is highly dependent on their underlying evolutionary dynamics. one likely scenario for an avian influenza virus, such as a/h5n1, to evolve to one capable of human-to-human transmission is through the acquisition of genetic material from the a/h1n1 or a/h3n2 subtypes already circulating in human populations. this would require that viruses of both subtypes coinfect the same cells, generating a mixed infec ...	2009	19553313
a trivalent virus-like particle vaccine elicits protective immune responses against seasonal influenza strains in mice and ferrets.	there is need for improved human influenza vaccines, particularly for older adults who are at greatest risk for severe disease, as well as to address the continuous antigenic drift within circulating human subtypes of influenza virus. we have engineered an influenza virus-like particle (vlp) as a new generation vaccine candidate purified from the supernatants of sf9 insect cells following infection by recombinant baculoviruses to express three influenza virus proteins, hemagglutinin (ha), neuram ...	2009	19554101
respiratory viral infections detected by multiplex pcr among pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections seen at an urban hospital in delhi from 2005 to 2007.	acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. information on viral etiology in alri from india is limited. the aim of the present study was to develop a simple, sensitive, specific and cost effective multiplex pcr (mpcr) assay without post pcr hybridization or nested pcr steps for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses (piv1-3) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv). naso ...	2009	19558656
enhanced immunogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccines in young children using mf59 adjuvant.	children have high morbidity and hospitalization rates from seasonal influenza. meta-analyses suggest that conventional inactivated influenza vaccines are of low efficacy in young children, making vaccines that induce greater and broader immune protection in this vulnerable population a medical priority. adjuvanted influenza vaccines may offer a solution.	2009	19561422
influenza-like illness sentinel surveillance in peru.	acute respiratory illnesses and influenza-like illnesses (ili) are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. despite the public health importance, little is known about the etiology of these acute respiratory illnesses in many regions of south america. in 2006, the peruvian ministry of health (moh) and the us naval medical research center detachment (nmrcd) initiated a collaboration to characterize the viral agents associated with ili and to describe the clinical and epidemiolog ...	2009	19568433
broad neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus from vaccinated healthy donors.	human monoclonal antibodies (humabs) prepared from patients with viral infections could provide information on human epitopes important for the development of vaccines as well as potential therapeutic applications. through the fusion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a total of five influenza-vaccinated volunteers, with newly developed murine-human chimera fusion partner cells, named spymeg, we obtained 10 hybridoma clones stably producing anti-influenza virus antibodies: one for influe ...	2009	19580789
pomegranate (punica granatum) purified polyphenol extract inhibits influenza virus and has a synergistic effect with oseltamivir.	influenza epidemics cause numerous deaths and millions of hospitalizations each year. because of the alarming emergence of resistance to anti-influenza drugs, there is a need to identify new naturally occurring antiviral molecules. we tested the hypothesis that pomegranate polyphenol extract (ppe) has anti-influenza properties. using real time pcr, plaque assay, and tcid 50% hemagglutination assay, we have shown that ppe suppresses replication of influenza a virus in mdck cells. ppe inhibits agg ...	2009	19586764
field performance of a rapid diagnostic test for influenza in an ambulatory setting.	provided test characteristics are adequate, point-of-care rapid antigen detection tests for influenza could improve the timeliness and appropriateness of clinical decisions. our objective was to estimate the field sensitivity and specificity of the quidel quickvue influenza a+b test in an ambulatory setting. the sensitivity and specificity of the quidel quickvue test was evaluated against reverse-transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) on nasopharyngeal specimens collected over two consecutive influenza seas ...	2009	19587306
effect of annual influenza immunization on antibody response in lung transplant patients.	influenza viral infections cause significant morbidity and mortality each season. lung transplant patients may be at higher risk because of their underlying pathophysiology. although annual immunization is the standard of care, its efficacy remains largely unproven. previous studies showed poor antibody response to influenza vaccine in lung transplant patients, but no data on the antibody response in consecutive seasons have been published.	2009	19588665
dynamics of antiviral-resistant influenza viruses in the netherlands, 2005-2008.	in the netherlands, influenza specific antivirals are used for the therapy of influenza in nursing homes and hospitals, for prophylaxis in high risk groups and neuraminidase inhibitors are stockpiled as part of pandemic preparedness plans. to monitor the antiviral susceptibility profile, human influenza virus isolates derived from the dutch influenza surveillance in 2005-2006 (n=87), 2006-2007 (n=58) and 2007-2008 (n=128) were analyzed with phenotypic assays and sequencing. for adamantanes, a hi ...	2009	19591877
outbreak of influenza a and b among military recruits: evidence from viral culture and polymerase chain reaction.	influenza is an important cause of acute respiratory illness among military recruits, and pneumonia is the most frequent complication. this study was performed to categorize the clinical manifestations of influenza infections among military recruits.	2009	19597642
immunoprophylaxis in asplenic patients.	the asplenic patient is at risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (opsi) due to encapsulated bacteria, namely pneumococcus, haemophilus influenza b and meningococcal c pathogens. the lifetime risk is 1-2% with the estimated mortality being in the region of 40-70% (davidson rn, wall ra. prevention and management of infections in patients without a spleen. clin microbiol infect 2001;7:657-60). preventative measures include appropriate prophylactic vaccination, long term antibiotics and pa ...	2009	19607947
a probiotic fermented dairy drink improves antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly in two randomised controlled trials.	influenza vaccination is recommended for the elderly in many countries, but immune responses are weaker compared to younger adults.	2009	19615959
[influenza surveillance results in 2007-2008 winter season in nine provinces of turkey].	influenza virus infections constitute a serious public health problem owing to their epidemic and pandemic potential. turkish ministry of health established the national influenza surveillance programme in two institutes to detect the virus types leading to the illness and the efficiency of the seasonal vaccine. influenza surveillance is performed by refik saydam hygiene center, national influenza laboratory in nine provinces (which are located at central, northeast, south and east parts of turk ...	2009	19621608
surveillance and oseltamivir resistance of human influenza a virus in turkey during the 2007-2008 season.	monitoring the activity of influenza viruses is important for establishing the circulating types and for detection of the emergence of novel sub-types and antiviral resistant strains. this is the first report from turkey on the surveillance and oseltamivir resistance of influenza viruses in 2007-2008. five hundred twenty-four nasal swabs were tested from different geographical regions in turkey during november 2007-april 2008. one hundred sixty-three (31%) samples were positive for influenza vir ...	2009	19626608
the detection of influenza a and b viruses in clinical specimens using a quartz crystal microbalance.	current methods for the accurate diagnosis of influenza based on culture of the virus or pcr are highly sensitive and specific but require specialised laboratory facilities and highly trained personnel and, in the case of viral culture, can take up to 14 days to obtain a definitive result. in this study, a quartz crystal microbalance-based immunosensor (qcm) has been developed and its potential evaluated for the rapid and sensitive detection of both influenza a and b viruses in laboratory-cultur ...	2009	19628008
the 2005 wellington influenza outbreak: syndromic surveillance of wellington hospital emergency department activity may have provided early warning.	to assess whether the wellington emergency department (ed) respiratory syndromic surveillance system may have provided early warning of the influenza outbreak in wellington schools during 2005, and as a result might have provided the opportunity for an earlier or more effective public health response.	2009	19630852
oligonucleotides derived from the packaging signal at the 5' end of the viral pb2 segment specifically inhibit influenza virus in vitro.	the development of new antiviral molecules to fight the possible emergence of influenza viruses with pandemic potential is needed. in this study, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (s-ons) derived from the packaging signals in the 3' and 5' ends of the viral pb2 rna were associated with liposomes and tested against influenza virus in vitro. a 15-mer s-on derived from the 5' end of the viral pb2 rna, complementary to the 3' end of its coding region (nucleotides 2279-2293) and designated 5-15b, pro ...	2009	19370391
update: influenza activity--united states, september 28, 2008-april 4, 2009, and composition of the 2009-10 influenza vaccine.	this report summarizes u.s. influenza activity from september 28, 2008, the start of the 2008-09 influenza season, through april 4, 2009, and reports on the 2009-10 influenza vaccine strain selection. low levels of influenza activity were reported from october through early january. activity increased from mid-january and peaked in mid-february. influenza a (h1n1) viruses have predominated overall this season, but influenza b viruses have been isolated more frequently than influenza a viruses si ...	2009	19373198
[diagnostic yield of paediatric respiratory samples in the balearic islands sentinel influenza surveillance network].	influenza disease is subjected to surveillance by national networks (rc) that predict the epidemic behaviour by reporting clinical and virological data.	2009	19375991
cranial nerve palsies associated with influenza b.		2009	19378727
prognostic factors for fatal adult influenza pneumonia.	to elucidate the prognostic factors for fatal adult influenza pneumonia.	2009	19386366
combining crystallographic information and an aspherical-atom data bank in the evaluation of the electrostatic interaction energy in an enzyme-substrate complex: influenza neuraminidase inhibition.	although electrostatic interactions contribute only a part of the interaction energies between macromolecules, unlike dispersion forces they are highly directional and therefore dominate the nature of molecular packing in crystals and in biological complexes and contribute significantly to differences in inhibition strength among related enzyme inhibitors. in the reported study, a wide range of complexes of influenza neuraminidases with inhibitor molecules (sialic acid derivatives and others) ha ...	2009	19390154
incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review.	knowledge of the incubation period is essential in the investigation and control of infectious disease, but statements of incubation period are often poorly referenced, inconsistent, or based on limited data. in a systematic review of the literature on nine respiratory viral infections of public-health importance, we identified 436 articles with statements of incubation period and 38 with data for pooled analysis. we fitted a log-normal distribution to pooled data and found the median incubation ...	2009	19393959
serologic evidence of influenza a and b viruses in south american fur seals (arctocephalus australis).	the aim of this work was to detect serologic evidence of influenza virus infections in south american fur seals (arctocephalus australis) that inhabit the uruguayan coast. in 29 of 37 serum samples that were analyzed, we identified antibodies to at least one of the following antigens: h1n1 (a/newcaledonia/20/99), b/beijing/184/93-like viruses, b/hong kong/330/01, and b/sichuan/379/99 by means of the hemagglutination inhibition assay (hai). results confirmed that influenza a viruses circulate in ...	2009	19395764
efficacy and safety of 1 and 2 doses of live attenuated influenza vaccine in vaccine-naive children.	we investigated the efficacy and safety of 1 versus 2 doses of live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) in influenza vaccine-naive children aged 6 to <36 months.	2009	19395948
molecular analysis of human influenza virus in tehran, iran.	to date there are no reports of molecular and phylogenetic analyses of human influenza virus in tehran, iran.	2009	19401630
subtyping of the influenza virus by high resolution mass spectrometry.	high resolution, high mass accuracy mass spectra of hemagglutinin and whole virus digests of influenza are shown to be able to be used to type and subtype the major circulating forms of the virus in humans. conserved residues and peptide segments of the hemagglutinin antigen have been identified across type a and b strains, and for type b strains of the yamagata 16/88 and victoria 2/87 lineages. the theoretical masses for the protonated peptide ions for tryptic peptides of conserved sequence wer ...	2009	19402721
thinking about broadly cross-reactive vaccines.		2009	19404249
sensitivity of rapid immunoassay for influenza a and b in the early phase of the disease.	immunochromatography (ic) tests are often used for the rapid diagnosis of influenza. once influenza is diagnosed, an anti-influenza drug can be administered. physicians claim, however, that they are not sufficiently sensitive, especially in the early phase of the disease. the aim of the present study was therefore to analyze the sensitivity of the ic test from the standpoint of virology.	2009	19405918
cationic lipid/dna complexes (jvrs-100) combined with influenza vaccine (fluzone) increases antibody response, cellular immunity, and antigenically drifted protection.	safe and effective adjuvants for influenza vaccines that could increase both the levels of neutralizing antibody, including against drifted viral subtypes, and t-cell immunity would be a major advance in vaccine design. the jvrs-100 adjuvant, consisting of dotim/cholesterol cationic liposome-dna complexes, is particularly promising for vaccines that require induction of high levels of antibody and t-cell immunity, including cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). inclusion of protein antigens with ...	2009	19406188
clinical performance of the 3m rapid detection flu a+b test compared to r-mix culture, dfa and binaxnow influenza a&b test.	the rapid diagnosis of influenza allows for prompt patient management and the initiation of appropriate infection control measures to reduce spread in healthcare settings.	2009	19409840
glycan analysis in cell culture-based influenza vaccine production: influence of host cell line and virus strain on the glycosylation pattern of viral hemagglutinin.	mammalian cell culture processes are commonly used for production of recombinant glycoproteins, antibodies and viral vaccines. since several years there is an increasing interest in cell culture-based influenza vaccine production to overcome limitations of egg-based production systems, to improve vaccine supply and to increase flexibility in vaccine manufacturing. with the switch of the production system several key questions concerning the possible impact of host cell lines on antigen quality, ...	2009	19410619
cross-reactive antibodies in middle-aged and elderly volunteers after mf59-adjuvanted subunit trivalent influenza vaccine against b viruses of the b/victoria or b/yamagata lineages.	this study evaluated whether mf59-adjuvanted subunit trivalent influenza vaccine for the 2003/04 winter season (a/moscow/10/99, h3n2; a/new caledonia/20/99, h1n1; b/hong kong/330/01) would confer protection against mismatched and frequently co-circulating variants of influenza b/victoria- and b/yamagata-like virus strains. haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibodies were measured in middle-aged and elderly volunteers against the homologous b/victoria-like vaccine strain (b/hong kong/330/01) and ...	2009	19410623
recommendations pertaining to the use of viral vaccines: influenza 2009.		2009	19418666
virological investigation of four outbreaks of influenza b reassortants in the northern region of taiwan from october 2006 to february 2007.	from october 2006 to february 2007, clinical specimens from 452 patients with symptoms related to respiratory tract infection in the northern region of taiwan were collected. real-time pcr and direct immunofluorescent antibody tests showed that 145 (32%) patients had influenza b virus infections. subsequently, nucleotide sequence analyses of both hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes of 39 isolates were performed. isolated viruses were antigenically characterized using hemagglutinin in ...	2009	19426542
the use of oseltamivir during an influenza b outbreak in a chronic care hospital.	residents of nursing homes and long-term care facilities are at a higher risk of outbreaks of influenza and of serious complications of influenza than those in the community. in late july 2005, a 90-bed chronic care psycho-geriatric hospital in sydney, australia, reported cases of influenza-like illness (ili) occurring amongst its residents.	2009	19453437
principles of vaccination and possible development strategies for rational design.	historically, apart from hygiene, vaccination can be considered as one of the most successful accomplishments of public health in the 20th century. it has lead to some of the greater public health triumphs ever, including the eradication of naturally occurring smallpox and in the control of diseases such as polio. in addition there has been a significant reduction in disease burden imposed by measles, mumps, hepatitis, influenza, diphtheria, haemophilus influenza b and many other infections.	2009	19100778
perspectives on influenza virus infection.		2009	19453076
clinical and laboratory analysis of influenza b infection in children in taichung, taiwan during the 2006-2007 flu season.	an epidemic of influenza b/malaysia/2506/2004 was reported in taiwan during the 2006-2007 flu season. we investigated the flu vaccination history and clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with influenza b infection.	2009	19453079
thiazolides, a new class of anti-influenza molecules targeting viral hemagglutinin at the post-translational level.	the emergence of highly contagious influenza a virus strains, such as the new h1n1 swine influenza, represents a serious threat to global human health. efforts to control emerging influenza strains focus on surveillance and early diagnosis, as well as development of effective vaccines and novel antiviral drugs. herein we document the anti-influenza activity of the anti-infective drug nitazoxanide and its active circulating-metabolite tizoxanide and describe a class of second generation thiazolid ...	2009	19638339
rapid multiplex reverse transcription-pcr typing of influenza a and b virus, and subtyping of influenza a virus into h1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, n1 (human), n1 (animal), n2, and n7, including typing of novel swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus, during the 2009 outbreak in milwaukee, wisconsin.	a large outbreak of novel influenza a (h1n1) virus (swine origin influenza virus [s-oiv]) infection in milwaukee, wi, occurred in late april 2009. we had recently developed a rapid multiplex reverse transcription-pcr enzyme hybridization assay (fluplex) to determine the type (a or b) and subtype (h1, h2, h3, h5, h7, h9, n1 [human], n1 [animal], n2, or n7) of influenza viruses, and this assay was used to confirm the diagnoses for the first infected patients in the state. the analytical sensitivit ...	2009	19641063
rapid semiautomated subtyping of influenza virus species during the 2009 swine origin influenza a h1n1 virus epidemic in milwaukee, wisconsin.	in the spring of 2009, a novel influenza a (h1n1) virus (swine origin influenza virus [s-oiv]) emerged and began causing a large outbreak of illness in milwaukee, wi. our group at the midwest respiratory virus program laboratory developed a semiautomated real-time multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay (seasonal), employing the nuclisens easymag system (biomérieux, durham, nc) and a raider thermocycler (handylab inc., ann arbor, mi), that typed influenza a virus, influenza b virus, and respir ...	2009	19641066
[phylogeny for ns1 proteins of influenza b virus].		2009	19642394
prevalence of influenza a and b antibodies in pregnant women and their offspring.	influenza is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and neonates, but few countries offer annual influenza vaccination with the inactivated vaccine to all women who are, or intend to become, pregnant.	2009	19643662
evaluation of the cepheid respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus a/b real-time pcr analyte specific reagent.	two rapid real-time rt-pcr assays, specific for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a and b, were evaluated for the detection of these viruses in clinical respiratory samples. the rsv assay was applied to 100 samples and the influenza a and b assay applied to 96 samples all of which had been tested previously by an "in-house" multiplex real-time pcr assay. forty-three samples were negative for rsv by both methods and 56 samples were positive by both methods. one sample was negative b ...	2009	19651159
facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial.	few data are available about the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions for preventing influenza virus transmission.	2009	19652172
development and validation of a risk score for predicting hospitalization in children with influenza virus infection.	influenza virus infections cause significant morbidity and often result in hospitalization in children. many children with influenza seek care in emergency settings during seasonal influenza epidemics. we hypothesized that certain features could predict the need for hospitalization in children with influenza.	2009	19458562
inhibition of influenza virus by baculovirus-mediated shrna.	influenza viruses a and b cause widespread infections of the human respiratory tract; however, existing vaccines and drug therapy are of limited value for their treatment. here we show that bispecific short hairpin small-interfering rna constructs containing an eight-nucleotide intervening spacer, targeted against influenza virus a or influenza virus b, can inhibit the production of both types of virus in infected cell lines. this multiple vector showed remarkable ability to cope with both influ ...	2009	19749373
safety and immunogenicity of a novel influenza subunit vaccine produced in mammalian cell culture.	immunization remains the best prevention strategy for influenza, but production constraints for egg-based influenza vaccines have prompted the development of innovative cell culture manufacturing processes. here, we describe a novel cell culture-derived influenza vaccine (cciv) produced in madin-darby canine kidney cells.	2009	19673651
subunit influenza vaccines produced from cell culture or in embryonated chicken eggs: comparison of safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity.	this study assessed the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of an injectable cell culture-derived influenza vaccine (cciv), compared with those of an injectable egg-based trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv).	2009	19673652
what will the next influenza season bring about: seasonal influenza or the new a(h1n1)v? an analysis of german influenza surveillance data.	for the next influenza season (winter 2009-10) the relative contributions to virus circulation and influenza-associated morbidity of the seasonal influenza viruses a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b, and the new influenza a(h1n1)v are still unknown. we estimated the chances of seasonal influenza to circulate during the upcoming season using data of the german influenza sentinel scheme from 1992 to 2009. we calculated type and subtype-specific indices for past exposure and the corresponding morbidity indices ...	2009	19679036
factors affecting quickvue influenza a + b rapid test performance in the community setting.	rapid diagnosis of influenza can facilitate timely clinical management. we evaluated the performance of the quickvue influenza a + b test (quidel, san diego, ca) in a community setting and investigated the factors affecting test sensitivity. we recruited 1008 subjects from 30 outpatient clinics in hong kong between february and september 2007. each subject provided 2 pooled pairs of nose and throat swabs; 1 pair was tested by the quickvue rapid test on site, and the other pair was sent to a labo ...	2009	19679233
seasonal influenza activity in hong kong and its association with meteorological variations.	influenza seasons appear consistently in the temperate regions, but are more variable in tropical/subtropical regions. the determinant for such variation remains poorly understood. this study documented the activity of influenza over a 10-year period in hong kong; examining its association with changes in temperature and relative humidity. the two types of influenza exhibited different correlations with meteorological variations. influenza a showed two seasonal peaks occurring respectively in wi ...	2009	19697414
support for universal childhood vaccination against influenza among private pediatric clinics and public health departments in georgia.	recently, it has been recommended that all persons 6 months to 18 years be vaccinated annually against influenza. to assess support for this universal recommendation leading up to its implementation, a cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers at private pediatric clinics (n = 44) and public health departments (n = 75) was conducted. the survey, conducted in the state of georgia during 2005-2006, asked about (a) support for universal childhood vaccination against influenza, (b) general and in ...	2009	19704307
conversion of mdck cell line to suspension culture by transfecting with human siat7e gene and its application for influenza virus production.	mdck cells are currently being considered as an alternative to embryonated eggs for influenza virus propagation and hemagglutinin (ha) production intended for vaccine manufacturing. mdck cells were found suitable for the virus production but their inability to grow in suspension burdens the process of scale up and hence their production capability. anchorage-dependent mdck cells were converted to anchorage-independent cells, capable of growing in suspension as a result of transfection with the h ...	2009	19706449
monitoring the emergence of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 in england: a cross sectional opportunistic survey of self sampled telephone callers to nhs direct.	to evaluate ascertainment of the onset of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 (swine flu) in england during the earliest phase of the epidemic through comparing data from two surveillance systems.	2009	19713236
comparative evaluation of real-time pcr and conventional rt-pcr during a 2 year surveillance for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus among children with acute respiratory infections in kolkata, india, reveals a distinct seasonality of infection.	acute respiratory tract infections (artis) are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the predominant aetiological agents during seasonal epidemics, and thus rapid and sensitive molecular tests for screening for such agents and timely identification of epidemics are required. this study compared real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) with conventional rt-pcr for parallel identification of influenz ...	2009	19713363
surveillance for the 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus and seasonal influenza viruses - new zealand, 2009.	the 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus, which was first identified in the united states and mexico, was imported into new zealand by a high school group returning from mexico in late april 2009. by june, sustained community transmission of the virus had been established in new zealand. to track the incidence of influenza-like illness (ili) and compare the number of viruses identified as 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) with the number identified as seasonal influenza, new zealand public heal ...	2009	19713880
virologically confirmed population-based burden of hospitalization caused by influenza a and b among children in hong kong.	we sought to determine the virologically confirmed hospitalization rates associated with influenza virus infection among hong kong children.	2009	19722912
[one-step multiplex rt-pcr for rapid screening of type a, b and novel a (h1n1) influenza viruses].	to developed a multiplex rt-pcr assay for simultaneous screening of type a, b and novel a (h1n1) influenza viruses.	2009	19726287
[influenza surveillance by molecular diagnosis].	our objective was to evaluate the application of molecular techniques in the surveillance of influenza, and to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cases diagnosed in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 seasons.	2009	20082043
[evaluation on the safety and immunogenicity of split influenza virus vaccine].	to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of split influenza virus vaccine made in changchun institute of biological products.	2009	20084888
[analysis on surveillance of influenza in tianshui prefecture from 2005 to 2008].	to observe epidemic status and the types of the influenza virus, to analyse influenza epidemic trends in tianshui city, and to provide basis for influenza prevention and control.	2009	20084889
comparison between a conventional subunit vaccine and the mf59-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine in the elderly: an evaluation of the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity.	the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity for two seasonal influenza subunit vaccines, one with mf59 adjuvant (fluad) and one without an adjuvant (agrippal). a total of 195 subjects aged > or = 65 years were enrolled to receive one dose of vaccine intramuscularly, 96 were vaccinated with fluad, 99 received agrippal. blood samples were taken from all subjects in order to assess their antibody titre by the haemagglutination inhibition assay ...	2009	20099444
[the meta analysis on the safety and immunogenicity of domestic and imported split influenza virus vaccines].	to compare the safety and immunogenicity between domestic and imported, imported and imported split influenza virus vaccine in chinese population.	2009	20077670
[virological surveillance and molecular characteristics of influenza b viruses in hebei province during 2004-2008].	to understand influenza b viruses circulating and antigenic variation and distributing in hebei province during 2004-2008.	2009	20077671
[mortality associated with peak seasons of influenza virus circulation in bogotá, colombia, 1997-2005].	to estimate potential excess mortality attributable to influenza viruses a and b and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) during peak seasons of influenza virus circulation in colombia from 1997 to 2005.	2009	20107695
epidemiology of seasonal, avian and pandemic influenza.		2009	20112827
surveillance of influenza virus b circulation in northern italy: summer-fall 2008 isolation of three strains and phylogenetic analysis.	influenza virus type b strains were unexpectedly detected and isolated in italy during summer-fall 2008 from three patients travelling to italy from lebanon, senegal and uzbekistan. the three summer-fall strains matched to a high degree the hemagglutinin (ha1) of influenza virus type b strains circulating in italy in the second part (january through april) of the 2007/2008 season, and ha1 of the type b strains included in the 2008/2009 vaccine (b/yamagata/16/88 lineage). surveillance of influenz ...	2009	20128448
immunological effect of subunit influenza vaccine entrapped by liposomes.	to elevate the immunological effect of subunit influenza vaccine in infants and aged people (over 60) using liposomal adjuvant in the context of its relatively low immunity and to investigate the relation between vaccine antigens and liposomal characteristics.	2009	20163063
[in vitro investigation of ingavirin efficacy against influenza b virus].	the experimental investigation of ingavirin activity against influenza b virus showed that in concentrations 100 and 200 mcg/ml it was efficient in inhibition of the virus reproduction: the cytopathic effect was lowered by 75%, the level of the pathogen accumulation in the mdck cell culture was decreased by more than 2.0 lg and the formation of the virus specific hemagglutinin was inhibited by more than 90%.	2009	20201397
recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2010 influenza season (southern hemisphere winter).		2009	19817019
[comparison of detection sensitivity in rapid-diagnosis influenza virus kits].	rapid-diagnosis kits able to detect influenza a and b virus by immunochromatography developed by different manufacturers, while useful in early diagnosis, may vary widely in detection sensitivity. we compared sensitivity results for eight virus-detection kits in current use--quick chaser flua, b (mizuho medy), espline influenza a & b-n (fujirebio), capilia flu a + b (nippon beckton dickinson & alfesa pharma), poctem influenza a/b (otsuka pharma & sysmex), bd flu examan (nippon beckton dickinson) ...	2009	19860254
introduction of a novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus into milwaukee, wisconsin in 2009.	on 17 april 2009, novel swine origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) cases appeared within the united states. most influenza a diagnostic assays currently utilized in local clinical laboratories do not allow definitive subtype determination. detailed subtype analysis of influenza a positive samples in our laboratory allowed early confirmation of a large outbreak of s-oiv in southeastern wisconsin (sew). the initial case of s-oiv in sew was detected on 28 april 2009. all influenza a samples obtained du ...	2009	19865496
[the characteristics of epidemic influenza a and b virus strains circulating in russia during the 2007-2008 season].	in 2007-2008 in russia, the epidemic upsurge of influenza morbidity was caused by the active circulation of influenza a(h1n1, a(h3n2), and b viruses. the center for ecology and epidemiology of influenza studied 334 epidemic strains. the results of a comparative study of the svirus specificity of commercial test systems (amplisens influenza virus a/b and amplisens influenza virus a/h5n1) for the polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and virological assays, including virus isolation, revealed their ...	2009	19882900
epidemiology of influenza from 2007 to 2008 in naha area, okinawa prefecture: surveillance of rapid antigen test results.	the incidence of influenza in the naha city area in the southernmost part of japan was surveyed in 2007 and 2008. patients who had influenza-like symptoms and visited one of four general hospitals in naha city, okinawa, japan were included in this study. the nasal or throat swab samples were applied to the rapid test for detecting influenza a and b virus antigens. the positive rate of influenza a and/or b virus antigen was 26.2% (8,480/32,380). most cases (82.9%) were influenza a. in 2007, influ ...	2009	19762995
comparison of the activities of bm2 protein and its h19 and w23 mutants of influenza b virus with activities of m2 protein and its h37 and w41 mutants of influenza a virus.	co-expression of the bm2 protein with ph-sensitive ha reduces the conversion of ha to its low-ph conformation during transport to the cell surface in the same way as human m2 proteins. bm2 protein is capable of increasing vesicular ph by as much as 0.4 ph units. mutation analysis showed that replacement of h19 in bm2 protein by a and l resulted in loss of activity, while m2, with the mutation h37a, remained active, but its severe toxicity was intolerable for cells. whereas substitution of l or a ...	2009	19763781
changes of the receptor-binding properties of influenza b virus b/victoria/504/2000 during adaptation in chicken eggs.	selection of high-growth virus variants of strain b/victoria/504/2000 by serial passage in eggs resulted in three amino acid substitutions, g141e, r162m, and d196y, in the vicinity of the receptor-binding pocket of viral hemagglutinin. virus variants containing the identified amino acid substitutions, individually or in various combinations, were constructed using reverse genetics and analyzed for their receptor-binding properties using glycan microarray platform. three different patterns of vir ...	2009	19766280
evaluation of twenty rapid antigen tests for the detection of human influenza a h5n1, h3n2, h1n1, and b viruses.	twenty rapid antigen assays were compared for their ability to detect influenza using dilutions of virus culture supernatants from human isolates of influenza a h5n1 (clade 1 and 2 strains), h3n2 and h1n1 viruses, and influenza b. there was variation amongst the rapid antigen assays in their ability to detect different influenza viruses. six of the 12 assays labeled as distinguishing between influenza a and b had comparable analytical sensitivities for detecting both influenza a h5n1 strains, al ...	2009	19774693
comparative efficacy of inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines.	the efficacy of influenza vaccines may vary from year to year, depending on a variety of factors, and may differ for inactivated and live attenuated vaccines.	2009	19776407
epidemiology of human influenza a and b viruses in myanmar from 2005 to 2007.	to perform genetic analysis of influenza a and b viruses in myanmar from 2005 to 2007 and to determine the prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza a viruses.	2009	19776616
simulations of the bm2 proton channel transmembrane domain from influenza virus b.	bm2 is a small integral membrane protein from influenza b virus which forms proton-permeable channels. coarse-grained (cg) molecular dynamics simulations have been used to produce a model of the bm2 channel by self-assembly of a tetrameric bundle of bm2 transmembrane helices in a lipid bilayer. the bm2 channel model is conformationally stable on a 5 mus time scale. this cg model was converted to atomistic resolution to refine interhelix and channel-water interactions. atomistic molecular dynamic ...	2009	19780586
multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections.	to explore the epidemiologic and clinical features of, and interactions among, multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection (arti). a prospective study of children admitted with arti was conducted. peripheral blood samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence to detect respiratory agents including respiratory syncytial virus; adenovirus; influenza virus (flu) types a and b; parainfluenza virus (piv) types 1, 2, and 3; chlamydia pneumonia; and m ...	2009	19788746
switching gears for an influenza pandemic: validation of a duplex reverse transcriptase pcr assay for simultaneous detection and confirmatory identification of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus.	rapid methods for the detection and confirmatory identification of pandemic influenza a virus (also known as pandemic [h1n1] 2009) are of utmost importance. in this study, a conventional reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assay for the detection of influenza a virus and the hemagglutinin of swine lineage h1 (swh1) was designed, optimized, and validated. nucleic acids were extracted from 198 consecutive nasopharyngeal, nasal, or throat swab specimens collected early in the outbreak (127 negative ...	2009	19794033
seasonal influenza virus species in patient swab samples analyzed for the presence of the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus.		2009	19794039
kinetics of viral shedding and immune responses in adults following administration of cold-adapted influenza vaccine.	the optimal type and timing of specimens to study the immune responses to cold-adapted influenza vaccine (caiv) and shedding of vaccine virus are not well established. healthy adults were vaccinated with caiv (n=10) or trivalent influenza vaccine (tiv) (n=5). shedding of vaccine strain influenza b was detected by culture in 6 of 10 caiv recipients; influenza a was also detected in one of these subjects. viral shedding by quantitative rt-pcr was detected in 9 of 10 subjects. we detected a > or = ...	2009	19800447
summaries for patients. the effects of hand washing and facemasks on prevention of influenza infection.		2009	19805764
surveillance for neuraminidase-inhibitor-resistant influenza viruses in japan, 1996-2007.	high usage of the neuraminidase inhibitor (nai) oseltamivir in japan since 2003 led the neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility network to assess the susceptibility of community isolates of influenza viruses to oseltamivir and zanamivir.	2009	19812437