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a comparison of biocompatibility and osseointegration of ceramic and titanium implants: an in vivo and in vitro study.this study compared the biocompatibility in vitro and the osseointegration in vivo of zirconium and titanium implants regarding implant surfaces and the bone-implant contacts. the different implant surfaces and the biocompatibility of zirconium versus titanium implants were determined by vitality and cytotoxic tests in vitro. the contact of the osteoblasts to the implant surface was determined by scanning electron microscopy (sem). the in vivo study for osseointegration was performed in domestic ...201222406235
β-adrenergic agonist infusion during extracorporeal lung perfusion: effects on glucose concentration in the perfusion fluid and on lung function.we recently showed in a pig model of ex vivo lung perfusion (evlp) that lung edema correlates with glucose consumption. we investigated whether salbutamol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist known to upregulate fluid transport in the lung, modulates glucose concentration in the perfusate during evlp.201222386450
exploring channeling optimized radiofrequency energy: a review of radiofrequency history and applications in esthetic fields.because of its high efficiency and safety, radiofrequency (rf) energy is widely used in the dermatological field for heating biological tissue in various esthetic applications, including skin tightening, skin lifting, body contouring, and cellulite reduction. this paper reviews the literature on the use of nonablative rf energy in the esthetic field and its scientific background. the purpose of this article is to describe in detail the extensive use of medical devices based on rf technology, the ...201222382873
simulation of robotic hysterectomy utilizing the porcine model.this article describes the simulation of robotically assisted hysterectomy utilizing the porcine model.201222381262
the importance of craniofacial sutures in biomechanical finite element models of the domestic pig.craniofacial sutures are a ubiquitous feature of the vertebrate skull. previous experimental work has shown that bone strain magnitudes and orientations often vary when moving from one bone to another, across a craniofacial suture. this has led to the hypothesis that craniofacial sutures act to modify the strain environment of the skull, possibly as a mode of dissipating high stresses generated during feeding or impact. this study tests the hypothesis that the introduction of craniofacial suture ...201222363727
mri of auto-transplantation of bone marrow-derived stem-progenitor cells for potential repair of injured arteries.this study was to validate the feasibility of using clinical 3.0t mri to monitor the migration of autotransplanted bone marrow (bm)-derived stem-progenitor cells (spc) to the injured arteries of near-human sized swine for potential cell-based arterial repair.201222363566
disease severity declines over time after a wild boar population has been affected by classical swine fever--legend or actual epidemiological process?classical swine fever (csf) is a severe multi-systemic disease that can affect both domestic pigs and wild boar. past outbreaks in european wild boar involved high-virulent csf virus (csfv) strains and were mostly self-limiting. in these cases, morbidity and mortality rates were high in the affected regions. in contrast, endemic infections have been observed in several european wild boar populations in recent decades. morbidity and mortality rates were much lower despite the fact that outbreaks ...201222361000
female sex is not associated with improved rates of rosc or short term survival following prolonged porcine ventricular fibrillation.there may be a survival benefit in female patients experiencing cardiac arrest, which could affect the interpretation of in vivo animal studies. we hypothesized that sex predicts return of spontaneous circulation (rosc) and short-term survival (surv) in porcine studies of prolonged ventricular fibrillation (vf).201222445866
the choice of the intravenous fluid influences the tolerance of acute normovolemic anemia in anesthetized domestic pigs.the correction of hypovolemia with acellular fluids results in acute normovolemic anemia. whether the choice of the infusion fluid has an impact on the maintenance of oxygen (o₂) supply during acute normovolemic anemia has not been investigated so far.201222546374
efficiency of spatio-temporal vaccination regimes in wildlife populations under different viral constraints.classical swine fever (csf) is considered an endemic disease in european wild boar populations. in view of the high economic impact of the introduction of the virus into domestic pig units, huge efforts are invested in the preventive control of csf in wild boar populations. recent european community guidelines favour oral mass vaccination against csf in wild boar populations. the guidelines are explicit on the temporal structure of the vaccination protocol, but little is known about the efficacy ...201222530786
ischemic postconditioning at the initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation facilitates functional cardiac and cerebral recovery after prolonged untreated ventricular fibrillation.ischemic postconditioning (pc) with "stuttering" reintroduction of blood flow after prolonged ischemia has been shown to offer protection from ischemia reperfusion injury to the myocardium and brain. we hypothesized that four 20-s pauses during the first 3 min of standard cpr would improve post resuscitation cardiac and neurological function, in a porcine model of prolonged untreated cardiac arrest.201222521449
cloning and expression of porcine dicer and the impact of developmental stage and culture conditions on microrna expression in porcine embryos.microrna (mirna) is a class of small, single-stranded ribonucleic acids that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and are involved in somatic cell, germ cell, and embryonic development. as the enzyme responsible for producing mature mirna, dicer is crucial to mirna production. characterization of dicer and its expression at the nucleotide level, as well as the identification of mirna expression in reproductive tissues, have yet to be reported for the domestic pig (sus scrofa), a speci ...201222498362
[the development of a type ii endoleak domesticated pig model with continuous pressure monitor].to develop a type ii endoleak porcine model with continuous pressure monitor by the strain-gauge pressure transducer and the patch.201222490355
improved cerebral perfusion pressures and 24-hr neurological survival in a porcine model of cardiac arrest with active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation and augmentation of negative intrathoracic pressure.generation of negative intrathoracic pressure during the decompression phase of cardiopulmonary resuscitation enhances the refilling of the heart. we tested the hypothesis that when compared with closed-chest manual compressions at 80 chest compressions per min, treatment with active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation at 80 chest compressions/min combined with augmentation of negative intrathoracic pressure would lower intracranial pressure and increase cerebral perfusion, t ...201222487997
totally stapled gastrojejunal anastomosis using hybrid notes: single 12-mm trocar approach in a porcine model.the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a totally stapled gastrojejunal anastomosis performed using one transabdominal 12-mm trocar and a gastroscope in a porcine model.201222476830
[pure transgastric notes laparoscopy compared to classic laparoscopy].notes--natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery--represents a new surgical approach. the operation is performed via natural openings of the body without causing any damage to the skin and the abdominal wall. at the department of surgery of the university hospital in pilsen, we have been performing notes since 2008. the first animal experiment was performed in that year by a hybrid notes technique.201222746085
effects of intravenous sulfide during resuscitated porcine hemorrhagic shock*.controversial data are available on the effects of hydrogen sulfide during hemorrhage. because the clinical significance of hydrogen sulfide administration in rodents may not be applicable to larger species, we tested the hypothesis whether intravenous na2s (sulfide) would beneficially influence organ dysfunction during long-term, porcine hemorrhage and resuscitation.201222713217
new swine model of infected soft tissue blast injury.war injuries, especially blast injuries, have a high risk of infection. however, no animal models of infected war injuries have been built in large animals, which retards both the understanding and the treatment optimization of infected war injuries.201222710779
evaluating the feasibility of direct peroral cholangioscopy training with an endoscopic simulator.direct peroral cholangioscopy (dpocs) was reported to present clinical potential, and creating a target-specific training program for biliary endoscopists who lack experience with dpocs is an important task.201222661276
frequency and characterization of porcine hokovirus (phov) in domestic pigs in eastern china.this study reports the frequency and age distribution of porcine hokovirus (phov) in domestic pigs and characterizes the strains prevalent in eastern china. a total of 242 tissues from domestic pigs were tested for phov using pcr, and six near-full-length genome sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis. the phov sequences from domestic pigs in china showed a close relationship to sequences of isolates from romania and hong kong. the results provide evidence that there are differences betwee ...201222653537
epizootiology of trichinellosis in pigs and wild boars in western romania, 1998-2011.this article reports for the first time data regarding trichinellosis in sacrificed animals (domestic pigs and wild boars) inspected during the period from january 1998 to november 2011 in the largest of the romanian counties. the data were collected from the veterinary public health department of timis county. a total of 5,586,431 domestic pigs on farms, 609,325 pigs in private households, and 823 wild boars were examined during the study period. the results indicated that 681 domestic pigs (0. ...201222651387
an acute animal model of aortic stenosis: initial attempts at leaflet modification.percutaneous valve insertion is an emerging treatment for aortic stenosis (as). to date, no large animal model exists that replicates human calcific as; moreover, the absence of any valve pathology in currently available animal models prevents their use in any realistic assessment of percutaneous aortic valve therapy. hence, the aim of the present study was to create an acute large animal model in which human calcific as could be simulated.201222645851
cadmium-induced changes in genomic dna-methylation status increase aneuploidy events in a pig robertsonian translocation model.although cadmium is a well-established human carcinogen, the mechanisms by which it induces cancer are poorly understood. it is suggested that cadmium-mediated carcinogenesis may include the modulation of gene expression and signal-transduction pathways, interference with antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of dna repair and dna methylation, and induction of apoptosis. nevertheless, no predominant mechanism playing a role in metal-induced carcinogenesis has been reported. in the present study, we us ...201222640880
novel approach to therapeutic ercp after long-limb roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery using transgastric self-expandable metal stents: experimental outcomes and first human case study (with videos).ercp in roux-en-y gastric bypass (rygb) patients is challenging. balloon-assisted enteroscopy (bae) allows access to the excluded stomach with creation of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (peg). transgastric self-expandable metal stent (sems) placement may allow antegrade ercp in 1 session.201222624815
early superoxide scavenging accelerates renal microvascular rarefaction and damage in the stenotic kidney.renal artery stenosis (ras), the main cause of chronic renovascular disease (rvd), is associated with significant oxidative stress. chronic rvd induces renal injury partly by promoting renal microvascular (mv) damage and blunting mv repair in the stenotic kidney. we tested the hypothesis that superoxide anion plays a pivotal role in mv dysfunction, reduction of mv density, and progression of renal injury in the stenotic kidney. ras was induced in 14 domestic pigs and observed for 6 wk. seven ras ...201222622460
do pharmacokinetics explain persistent restenosis inhibition by a single dose of paclitaxel?the purpose of this study was to investigate the elimination of paclitaxel from the arterial wall after a single short administration with a coated balloon.201222619258
reduced aluminum contamination decreases parenteral nutrition associated liver injury.parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis remains a significant problem, especially for the surgical neonates. aluminum is a toxic element known to contaminate parenteral nutrition. we hypothesize that parenterally administered aluminum causes liver injury similar to that seen in parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis.201222595567
biological heart rate reduction through genetic suppression of gα(s) protein in the sinoatrial node.elevated heart rate represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular outcome in patients with heart disease. in the sinoatrial node, rate increase is mediated by β(1) adrenoceptor mediated activation of the gα(s) pathway. we hypothesized that genetic inactivation of the stimulatory gα(s) protein in the sinoatrial node would provide sinus rate control and would prevent inappropriate heart rate acceleration during β-adrenergic activation.201223130123
propolis modulates vitronectin, laminin, and heparan sulfate/heparin expression during experimental burn healing.this study was aimed at assessing the dynamics of vitronectin (vn), laminin (ln), and heparan sulfate/heparin (hs/hp) content changes during experimental burn healing.201223125086
vagal projections to the pylorus in the domestic pig (sus scrofa domestica).the goal of the present study was to examine the precise localization of the brainstem motor and primary sensory (nodose ganglion) vagal perikarya supplying the pylorus in the domestic pig. using the fast blue retrograde tracing technique it has been established that all the vagal motor neurons projecting to the pylorus (about 337 ± 59 cells per animal) were localized bilaterally in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmx, 171 - left; 167 - right) and all other regions of the porcine br ...201223103024
[manual annotation of the pig whole genomic sequence using otterlace software].in november 2009, scientists from the us, uk, and other countries announced the complete genome sequence draft of the domestic pig. with the release of improved versions of the pig genome assembly and the increase of correctly assembled sequenced fragments over the past two years, it is particularly urgent to have the pig genes annotated at whole-genome level. this article is aimed at introducing an excellent manual annotation tool, otterlace software, developed by sanger institute. we used cfl1 ...201223099791
[detecting selection signatures on x chromosome in pig through high density snps].in the process of domestic pig breeding, many important economic traits were subject to strong artificial se-lection pressure. with the availability of high density single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in farm animals, selection occurring in those traits could be traced by detecting selection signatures on genome, and the genes experiencing selection can also be further mined based on selection signatures. due to the special characteristic of x chromosome, many approaches of genetic anal ...201223099781
the effects of a newly developed miniaturized mechanical chest compressor on outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model*.when the duration of cardiac arrest is prolonged, reperfusion of the vital organs by effective chest compression is the most important intervention for successful resuscitation. we investigated the effects of a newly developed miniaturized chest compressor on the outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.201223080437
endoscopic full-thickness biopsy of the gastric wall with defect closure by using an endoscopic suturing device: survival porcine study.the pathogenesis of several common gastric motility diseases and functional gi disorders remains essentially unexplained. gastric wall biopsies that include the muscularis propria to evaluate the enteric nervous system, interstitial cells of cajal, and immune cells can provide important insights for our understanding of the etiology of these disorders.201223078926
evaluation of efficacy and dose response of different paclitaxel-coated balloon formulations in a novel swine model of iliofemoral in-stent restenosis.the authors aimed to validate a novel iliofemoral in-stent restenosis (isr) model for the efficacy evaluation of paclitaxel-coated balloons (pcb) using the familial hypercholesterolemic swine (fhs).201223078739
relationship between intrathoracic pressure and hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model of prolonged cardiac arrest.the influences of intrathoracic pressure (itp) to hemodynamic and respiratory parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) are confusing. in this research, we investigated the phasic changes of itp during cpr and reveal the relationships among the hemodynamics, respiratory parameters, and itp.201223075711
three-dimensional regional strain analysis in porcine myocardial infarction: a 3t magnetic resonance tagging study.previous studies of mechanical strain anomalies in myocardial infarction (mi) have been largely limited to analysis of one-dimensional (1d) and two-dimensional (2d) strain parameters. advances in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (cmr) methods now permit a complete three-dimensional (3d) interrogation of myocardial regional strain. the aim of this study was to investigate the incremental value of cmr-based 3d strain and to test the hypothesis that 3d strain is superior to 1d or 2d strain analysi ...201223237210
[pharmacological influencing of abdominal aortic aneurysm model - animal experimental study, primary results].the aim of our work was to influence growth and histological changes in the wall of an experimentally induced aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in a large laboratory animal (domestic pig) by administering atorvastatin (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase inhibitor).201223152990
adjuvants to prolong the local anesthetic effects of coated microneedle products.the objective of this study was to identify an adjuvant for anesthetics coated on microneedles to provide rapid onset and prolonged analgesic action with minimal skin tissue reaction. aqueous lidocaine or prilocaine formulations with or without clonidine or the related analogs, guanfacine and apraclonidine, were dip-coated onto polymeric microneedles. the amount of lidocaine or prilocaine coated onto the microneedles was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). delivery efficie ...201223022295
from bench to bedside: initial experience with the primus drug-coated balloon catheter.drug-coated balloon (dcb) technology has emerged as a promising therapy particularly in the treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis. although a variety of devices are available for clinical use, clinical outcomes have been variable and scope for significant improvement exists.201223018430
evaluation of factors important in modeling plasma concentrations of tetracycline hydrochloride administered in water in swine.to model the plasma tetracycline concentrations in swine (sus scrofa domestica) treated with medication administered in water and determine the factors that contribute to the most accurate predictions of measured plasma drug concentrations.201223013192
[sequence of depolarization of atrial myocardium of the pig (sus scrofa domesticus)].by the method of multichannel synchronous cardioelectropotography, sequence of depolarization of intramural atrial layers was studied in representatives of ungulate animals--pigs. in the pig atrial myocardium there is revealed a complex picture of spreading of activation fronts, connected with non-uniform anatomical structure and subendocardial (intramural) disposition of area of initial activation. the general character of sequence of depolarization of the pig atrial myocardium is comparable wi ...201223013027
minipig urethra: a suitable animal model in vitro.the study demonstrates that the minipig urethra is an appropriate animal model for in vitro experiments and therefore promising for long-term animal tests of artificial urinary sphincter systems in vivo. freshly explanted porcine and minipig urethras were connected to a fluid reservoir that simulated the bladder pressure. this bladder pressure was adjusted by changing the water level (hydrostatic pressure). specially designed aluminum sphincters loaded with a fluid-filled container were used to ...201223000561
identification of chromosomal locations associated with tail biting and being a victim of tail-biting behaviour in the domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus).the objective of this study was to identify loci associated with tail biting or being a victim of tail biting in norwegian crossbred pigs using a genome-wide association study with plink case-control analysis. dna was extracted from hair or blood samples collected from 98 trios of crossbred pigs located across norway. each trio came from the same pen and consisted of one pig observed to initiate tail biting, one pig which was the victim of tail biting and a control pig which was not involved in ...201222941514
effects of local delivery of tetradecylthioacetic acid within the injured coronary vessel wall.inflammation is involved in cell proliferation and collagen deposition causing vessel wall remodeling and restenosis after plain balloon angioplasty. local drug delivery of bioactive agents that reduce the incidence of adverse wall remodeling is of considerable interest concerning treatment strategies for coronary vessel disease and could alter the need of repeated revascularization.201222934973
simulation of robotic radical hysterectomy using the porcine model.this paper describes simulation of robotically-assisted radical hysterectomy using the porcine model. a technique for robotically-assisted radical hysterectomy was developed using 3 domestic pigs. an edited videoclip of the model was assessed by 3 gynecologic oncologists. the steps of the operation are described in detail and shown in a videoclip. overall the procedure simulated that done in the human, both anatomically and surgically. surgical plane development and ureterolysis appears to be ea ...201227638278
[outbreaks of viral hepatitis e in the czech republic?].until recently, viral hepatitis e (vhe) has typically been an imported infection, related to travel to developing countries. a number of travel-unrelated vhe cases currently diagnosed in the czech republic. outcomes of the epidemiological investigations of two vhe outbreaks associated with the consumption of pork and pork products at pig-slaughtering feasts are presented. thirteen cases have been reported in the first outbreak and eight cases in the second outbreak. the epidemiological investiga ...201222880260
development of a porcine (sus scofa) embryo-specific microarray: array annotation and validation.the domestic pig is an important livestock species and there is strong interest in the factors that affect the development of viable embryos and offspring in this species. a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in early embryonic development has inhibited our ability to fully elucidate these factors. next generation deep sequencing and microarray technologies are powerful tools for delineation of molecular pathways involved in the developing embryo.201222863022
submucosal endoscopy with mucosal resection: a hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection in the porcine rectum and distal colon.endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd) has appeal for en bloc resection of large flat colorectal polyps but carries appreciable risk and demands a high level of expertise and training. undermining flat and laterally spreading colorectal polyps by using submucosal endoscopy with the mucosal safety valve flap (semf) may be combined with esd to offer a hybrid technique that is easier and safer.201222854058
vascular response and mechanical integrity of the new biodegradable polymer coated sirolimus-eluting prolim stent implanted in porcine coronary arteries.although durable polymer coated drug-eluting stents (des) are standard care in percutaneous coronary interventions, new stent platforms employing biodegradable polymer based drug delivery are increasingly being used in clinical practice.201222825946
percutaneous transgastric traction-assisted esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a randomized controlled trial in a porcine model.endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd) is a technically difficult, hazardous, and time-consuming treatment option for superficial neoplasms of the esophagus. the aim of this pilot study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous transgastric traction (ptt)-assisted esd, a method that overcomes the drawbacks of conventional esd, in a porcine model.201222989307
cloning and expression of porcine colony stimulating factor-1 (csf-1) and colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf-1r) and analysis of the species specificity of stimulation by csf-1 and interleukin 34.macrophage colony stimulating factor (csf-1) controls the survival, differentiation and proliferation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. a second ligand for the csf-1r, interleukin 34 (il-34), has been described, but its physiological role is not yet known. the domestic pig provides an alternative to traditional rodent models for evaluating potential therapeutic applications of csf-1r agonists and antagonists. to enable such studies, we cloned and expressed active pig csf-1. to provid ...201222974529
fate and transformation of an estrogen conjugate and its metabolites in agricultural soils.in the environment, conjugated estrogens are nontoxic but may hydrolyze to their potent unconjugated, 'free' forms. compared to free estrogens, conjugated estrogens would be more mobile in the environment because of their higher water solubility. to identify the fate of a conjugated estrogen in natural agricultural soils, batch experiments were conducted with a (14)c labeled prototype conjugate, 17β-estradiol-3-glucuronide (e2-3g). initially, aqueous dissipation was dominated by biological hydro ...201222967238
in vivo decontamination of the nerve agent vx using the domestic swine model.the purpose of this in vivo study was to assess a new, putatively optimised method for mass casualty decontamination ("orchids protocol") for effectiveness in removing the chemical warfare agent vx from the skin of anaesthetised, domestic white pigs. orchids protocol consists of a 1.5-minute shower with a mild detergent (argos™) supplemented by physical removal. a standard method of wet decontamination was used for comparison. experimental animals were divided into four groups (a-d). two groups ...201222963275
time course of endothelium-dependent and -independent coronary vasomotor response to coronary balloons and stents. comparison of plain and drug-eluting balloons and stents.this study sought to determine the time dependency of the endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular responses after percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) with drug-eluting (deb) or plain balloons, bare-metal (bms), and drug-eluting (des) stents, or controls.201222814779
antegrade in situ fenestration of aortic stent graft: in-vivo experiments using a pig model.short proximal neck of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with risk of treatment failure during abdominal aortic repair. important side branches, such as renal arteries, cannot be covered without serious consequences.201222798292
ultrasound-guided percutaneous delivery of tissue-engineered endothelial cells to the adventitia of stented arteries controls the response to vascular injury in a porcine model.high restenosis rates are a limitation of peripheral vascular interventions. previous studies have shown that surgical implantation of a tissue-engineered endothelium onto the adventitia surface of injured vessels regulates vascular repair. in the present study, we developed a particulate formulation of tissue-engineered endothelium and a method to deliver the formulation perivascular to injured blood vessels using a percutaneous, minimally invasive technique.201222796118
nucleotide variability and linkage disequilibrium patterns in the porcine muc4 gene.muc4 is a type of membrane anchored glycoprotein and serves as the major constituent of mucus that covers epithelial surfaces of many tissues such as trachea, colon and cervix. muc4 plays important roles in the lubrication and protection of the surface epithelium, cell proliferation and differentiation, immune response, cell adhesion and cancer development. to gain insights into the evolution of the porcine muc4 gene, we surveyed the nucleotide variability and linkage disequilibrium (ld) within ...201222793500
vasomotor response to different endothelium-dependent vasodilators in an animal model.incomplete re-endothelialization of stents can be revealed as paradoxical vasoconstriction with endothelium-dependent vasodilators. as no consensus exists about the best method or agent, our objective is to analyze the response to different drugs in a coronary swine model.201222781469
microvascularization on collared peccary placenta: a microvascular cast study [corrected] in late pregnancy.the microvascularization of the collared peccary (tayassu tajacu) placenta was studied by vascular casts and immunolocalization of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, to identify the three dimensional organization and vascular flow interrelation in the microvasculature between the maternal and fetal compartments of the placentae. the immunolocalization of vimentin in the vascular endothelium and in the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels showed indented capillaries along the uterine epithelium ...201222775252
mitochondrial lineages reveal intense gene flow between iberian wild boars and south iberian pig breeds.the phylogeography of wild boars (wb) and domestic pigs (sus scrofa) has contributed important insights into where and when domestication occurred. the geographic distribution of two core haplotypes (e1a and e1c) of the main european phylogenetic clade suggests that central europe was an early domestication centre, although the complexity of the pattern does not exclude the possibility that multiple domestication events occurred in different regions. to investigate the relationships among wb and ...201222221023
effect of hypertransfusion on the gastrointestinal tract after cardiac arrest in a porcine model.this study aimed to determine the potential protective effect of inducing hypertransfusion to the gastrointestinal tract following a porcine model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) by evaluating the influence of gastrointestinal ultrastructure, atpase and serum diamine oxidase.201225215039
linkage haplotype for allotypic variants of porcine iga and igg subclass genes.six putative subclasses of expressed porcine igg have been described from gene sequences and allotypic variants for five of these have been proposed. we tested this hypothesis by studying the transcription of these 11 variants in outbred hemizygous farm pigs. since cγ subclass genes are closely linked, they are most likely inherited as a haplotype. since hemizygous pigs can only express genes encoded on one chromosome, identifying the expressed genes can indicate which allelic variants are linke ...201222350166
non-cholinergic intervention of sarin nerve agent poisoning.the protective effects of selected anesthetic regimens on sarin (gb) were investigated in domestic swine. at 30% oxygen, the toxicity of this agent in isoflurane anesthetized animals (ld(50)=10.1μg/kg) was similar to literature sited values in awake swine (ld(50)=11.8μg/kg) and slightly higher than that of both ketamine (ld(50)=15.6μg/kg) and propofol (ld(50)=15.3μg/kg) anesthetized swine. use of 100% oxygen in ketamine anesthetized animals resulted in three-fold protective effects compared to 3 ...201222343375
inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia with a novel zotarolimus coated balloon catheter.non stent based delivery of antiproliferative agents using drug coated balloon catheters may offer additional flexibility and efficacy in a broad range of applications. the lipophilic antiproliferative drug zotarolimus makes it a potential candidate for balloon delivery. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a prototype zotarolimus coated balloon (zcb) catheter in comparison to a zotarolimus eluting stent (zes) in the porcine coronary overstretch model.201222293991
hysteresis in di independent mechanisms in threshold for transition between 1:1 and 2:2 rhythms in pigs.previous studies have shown hysteresis in transition from 1:1 to 2:2 rhythms in action potential durations (apd) during decreasing and increasing cycle length pacing. as cycle lengths were constant, when alternans of apd occurred, so did of preceding diastolic intervals (dis), which engaged the restitution mechanism, i.e. dependence of apd on preceding di, making it impossible to determine whether the hysteresis originates from the di independent or dependent mechanism. by using pacing with expl ...201223365980
[model of genetic control of the number and location of nipples in domestic pig].in domestic pig, the number and location of nipples is considered a single quantitative trait, which has a complex spatial structure that includes bilaterality and a linear sequence of repetitive elements. according to this hypothesis, six inadherent biallelic loci are sufficient for a variety of traits observed in domestic pig populations. verification of representative samplings from five domestic pig populations of different origin (about 20 000 individuals) confirmed the theses of the hypoth ...201223297487
hypothermia ameliorates gastrointestinal ischemic injury sustained in a porcine cardiac arrest model.during cardiac arrest, the gastrointestinal tract is sensitive to ischemia. protection of the gastrointestinal tract is a critical factor in determining prognosis following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr). this study seeks to determine the extent of gastrointestinal tract injury and the potential protective effect of inducing hypothermia following a porcine cardiac arrest model and cpr.201223253710
indocyanine-green-loaded microballoons for biliary imaging in cholecystectomy.we encapsulate indocyanine green (icg) in poly[(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-co-peg] diblock (plga-peg) microballoons for real-time fluorescence and hyperspectral imaging of biliary anatomy. icg-loaded microballoons show superior fluorescence characteristics and slower degradation in comparison with pure icg. the use of icg-loaded microballoons in biliary imaging is demonstrated in both biliary-simulating phantoms and an ex vivo tissue model. the biliary-simulating phantoms are prepared by embeddin ...201223214186
food preferences of winter bird communities in different forest types.food availability for forest birds is a function of habitat type, forest management regime, and season. in winter, it is also impacted by variations in the weather. in the current study we assessed the food preferences of wild bird populations in two types of forest (spruce and beech) during the months of november 2010 to april 2011 in the schwäbische alb biodiversity exploratory, south-western germany. our aim was to investigate whether local bird communities preferred fat-rich, carbohydrate-ri ...201223300878
authentication of beef, carabeef, chevon, mutton and pork by a pcr-rflp assay of mitochondrial cytb gene.authentication of meat assumes significance in view of religious, quality assurance, food safety, public health, conservation and legal concerns. here, we describe a pcr-rflp (polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism) assay targeting mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene for the identification of meats of five most common food animals namely cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep and pig. a pair of forward and reverse primers (vph-f & vph-r) amplifying a conserved region (168-776 bp) ...201226396346
the attraction of virgin female hide beetles (dermestes maculatus) to cadavers by a combination of decomposition odour and male sex pheromones. 201222889339
comparative [corrected] codon usage between the three main viruses in pestivirus genus and their natural susceptible livestock.classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and border disease virus can cause serious livestock diseases. the relative synonymous codon usage value, the "effective number of codons" (enc), the ratio of k(s) value to k(a) value and the principle component analysis were employed to analyze the genetic characteristics of open reading frame (orf) and the four genes (the n(pro), erns, e1, e2 genes) of the three viruses and the relationship of codon usage pattern between each vir ...201222395914
pathology of porcine peripheral white blood cells during infection with african swine fever virus.african swine fever virus (asfv) is the causative agent of african swine fever (asf) that is the significant disease of domestic pigs. several studies showed that asfv can influence on porcine blood cells in vitro. thus, we asked ourselves whether asfv infection results in changes in porcine blood cells in vivo. a series of experiments were performed in order to investigate the effects of asfv infection on porcine peripheral white blood cells. nine pigs were inoculated by intramuscular injection ...201222373449
monitoring of african swine fever in the wild boar population of the most recent endemic area of spain.wild boars are natural hosts for african swine fever (asf). the asf virus (asfv) can persist for long periods in the environment, such as in ticks and contaminated products, which may be sources of infection for wild boar populations. african swine fever was eradicated in domestic pig populations in spain in 1995, after 35 years of significant effort. to determine whether asfv can persist in wild boar hosts after it has been eradicated from domestic pigs and to study the role of wild boar in hel ...201222248024
a serosurvey for brucella suis, classical swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, and pseudorabies virus in feral swine (sus scrofa) of eastern north carolina.as feral swine (sus scrofa) populations expand their range and the opportunity for feral swine hunting increases, there is increased potential for disease transmission that may impact humans, domestic swine, and wildlife. from september 2007 to march 2010, in 13 north carolina, usa, counties and at howell woods environmental learning center, we conducted a serosurvey of feral swine for brucella suis, pseudorabies virus (prv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv); the samples obtained at howell ...201222493123
a t-cell epitope on ns3 non-structural protein enhances the b and t cell responses elicited by dendrimeric constructions against csfv in domestic pigs.it has been recently reported by our group that dendrimeric constructs combining b- and t-cell epitopes from classical swine fever virus (csfv) provided partial protection against experimental infection. this research evaluated four newly designed constructions while taking into account our previous work, including the direct implication that a t-cell epitope from the ns3 protein contributes to the generation of the immune response against csfv. to this end, the dendrimeric constructions, includ ...201222959286
prevalence of and risk factors associated with viral and bacterial pathogens in farmed european wild boar.the aim of this study was to estimate in farmed european wild boars the prevalence of and risk factors associated with a range of common porcine viral and bacterial infections, namely, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus (siv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), coronavirus causing transmissible gastroenteritis (tgev), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), m ...201222516920
epidemiology, clinical, immune, and molecular profiles of microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis among hiv/aids patients.the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, with special emphasis on microsporidia and cryptosporidium, as well as their association with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) symptoms, risk factors, and other digestive parasites. we also wish to determine the molecular biology definitions of the species and genotypes of microsporidia and cryptosporidium in hiv patients.201222924007
serological evidence of ebola virus infection in indonesian orangutans.ebola virus (ebov) and marburg virus (marv) belong to the family filoviridae and cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. despite the discovery of ebov (reston virus) in nonhuman primates and domestic pigs in the philippines and the serological evidence for its infection of humans and fruit bats, information on the reservoirs and potential amplifying hosts for filoviruses in asia is lacking. in this study, serum samples collected from 353 healthy bornean orangutans (pongo ...201222815803
the survey of porcine teschoviruses, sapeloviruses and enteroviruses b infecting domestic pigs and wild boars in the czech republic between 2005 and 2011.this study presents results of epidemiological survey and genetic characterisation of porcine enteric picornaviruses belonging to the genera teschovirus, sapelovirus, and porcine enterovirus b. faecal or gut content samples from domestic pigs (sus scrofa f. domestica) and the cecal content of wild boars (sus scrofa) of different ages (collected between 2005 and 2011) were analysed by molecular methods. porcine enterovirus b was the most prevalent virus detected in both domestic pigs and wild boa ...201222579481
analyses of intestinal commensal escherichia coli strains from wild boars suggest adaptation to conventional pig production conditions.to test the hypothesis that escherichia coli populations have adapted to conventional pig production practices, we comparatively tested intestinal commensal e. coli from wild boars versus isolates from domestic pigs by analyzing virulence-associated factors, adhesion, and metabolic activities. virulence-associated genes typical for intestinal pathogenic e. coli (invags) were sporadically detected among e. coli from wild boars except the adhesion-related gene paa and the enterotoxin-encoding gene ...201222857976
experimental infection of wild boar and domestic pigs with a foot and mouth disease virus strain detected in the southeast of bulgaria in december of 2010.foot and mouth disease (fmd) was detected in a wild boar in southeastern bulgaria in december 2010. the occurrence and spread of the disease in wild cloven-hoofed animals may pose an unexpected and significant threat to fmd virus (fmdv)-free areas within and outside the european union. so far, only one well documented experimental infection with fmd in wild boar has been published. in order to obtain more epidemiologically relevant data regarding the disease in wild boar we conducted an experime ...201222503391
complete genome sequence of an h10n5 avian influenza virus isolated from pigs in central china.an avian h10n5 influenza virus, a/swine/hubei/10/2008/h10n5, was isolated from pigs in the hubei province of central china. homology and phylogenetic analyses of all eight gene segments demonstrated that the strain was wholly of avian origin and closely homologous to the eurasian lineage avian influenza virus. to our knowledge, this is the first report of interspecies transmission of an avian h10n5 influenza virus to domestic pigs under natural conditions.201223166264
conserved synthetic peptides from the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses induce broad humoral and t-cell responses in a pig model.outbreaks involving either h5n1 or h1n1 influenza viruses (iv) have recently become an increasing threat to cause potential pandemics. pigs have an important role in this aspect. as reflected in the 2009 human h1n1 pandemia, they may act as a vehicle for mixing and generating new assortments of viruses potentially pathogenic to animals and humans. lack of universal vaccines against the highly variable influenza virus forces scientists to continuously design vaccines à la carte, which is an expen ...201222815759
restored pb1-f2 in the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus has minimal effects in swine.pb1-f2 is an 87- to 90-amino-acid-long protein expressed by certain influenza a viruses. previous studies have shown that pb1-f2 contributes to virulence in the mouse model; however, its role in natural hosts-pigs, humans, or birds-remains largely unknown. outbreaks of domestic pigs infected with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus (ph1n1) have been detected worldwide. unlike previous pandemic strains, ph1n1 viruses do not encode a functional pb1-f2 due to the presence of three stop codons re ...201222379102
[serological detection of emerging viral infections in wild boars from different hunting regions of southern germany].wild boars represent a possible virus reservoir for notifiable diseases of farm animals, including aujeszky's disease (ad) and classical swine fever (csf). monitoring of the epidemiological situation in the wild boar population is especially relevant in countries that are officially free from these diseases. apart from oie-notifiable diseases, other viral agents that are widely distributed and play a significant role in farm animals, such as the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viru ...201222331288
complete genome sequence of an avian-like h4n8 swine influenza virus discovered in southern china.we report here the complete genomic sequence of an avian-like h4n8 swine influenza virus containing an h5n1 avian influenza virus segment from swine in southern china. phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of all eight viral rna segments demonstrated that these are wholly avian influenza viruses of the asia lineage. to our knowledge, this is the first report of interspecies transmission of an avian h4n8 influenza virus to domestic pigs under natural conditions.201222879613
detection and phylogenetic characterization of hepatitis e virus genotype 3 in a captive wild boar in thailand.hepatitis e virus (hev) was studied in different types of wild boar captive settings in thailand, including a wildlife breeding research station, zoo, and commercial wild boar farm, which were located in different locations of thailand. fifty-one fecal samples were collected and screened for hev rna and then analyzed. one sample obtained from a wildlife breeding research station in ratchaburi province was hev positive. phylogenetic characterization revealed that the virus was hev genotype 3 and ...201223082533
first detection of hepatitis e virus in austrian pigs by rt-qpcr.long known to cause disease outbreaks in man in countries with poor sanitary conditions, an increasing number of autochthonous hev genotype 3 infections have been reported in industrialised countries. genotype 3 poses an important potential zoonotic threat, with infected pigs functioning as the main reservoir. this study reports the first detected emergence of hev in austrian pigs. five austrian strains were partially sequenced and phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that they cluster within geno ...201222919921
[the coastal areas of yantai human and swine hepatitis e virus genotyping analysis].survey of the coastal city of yantai, from human and swine hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype correlation.201222919748
detection and characterization of hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs of different ages in portugal.this study represents the primary hepatitis e virus (hev) surveillance in domestic pigs in portugal, five pig farms were investigated in 5 different portuguese regions, ten faecal samples were collected at four different stages of the production. all faecal samples were tested for hepatitis e virus by real-time rt-pcr. at least one sample from each farms of all age groups tested positive for hev. the prevalence in the pig herds varied from 10% to 30% and the mean prevalence was 32% in weaners, 2 ...201222583975
rat hepatitis e virus: geographical clustering within germany and serological detection in wild norway rats (rattus norvegicus).zoonotic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in industrialised countries is thought to be caused by transmission from wild boar, domestic pig and deer as reservoir hosts. the detection of hev-specific antibodies in rats and other rodents has suggested that these animals may represent an additional source for hev transmission to human. recently, a novel hev (rathev) was detected in norway rats from hamburg, germany, showing the typical genome organisation but a high nucleotide and amino acid sequen ...201222554648
prevalence and transmission of hepatitis e virus in domestic swine populations in different european countries.hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 and 4 can cause liver disease in human and has its main reservoir in pigs. hev investigations in pigs worldwide have been performed but there is still a lack of information on the infection dynamics in pig populations.201222534364
culex annulirostris (diptera: culicidae) host feeding patterns and japanese encephalitis virus ecology in northern australia.japanese encephalitis virus (jev) transmission in northern australia has, in the past, been facilitated by culex annulirostris skuse feeding on domestic pigs, the primary amplifying hosts of the virus. to further characterize mosquito feeding behavior in northern australia, 1,128 bloodmeals from cx. annulirostris were analyzed using a double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. overall, cx. annulirostris obtained > 94% of blood meals from mammals, comprising marsupials (37%), pigs (20%), ...201222493857
diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex in granulomatous lymphadenitis in slaughtered domestic pigs.the aim of this study was to compare two diagnostic methods for the detection of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in lymph nodes with granulomatous lymphadenitis from slaughtered domestic pigs. fifty affected lymph nodes were collected from 50 pigs and examined microscopically and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). microscopically, granulomatous lesions were observed in 92% of the samples, consisting mostly of central necrosis (78%) with dystrophic calcification (46%) and associated ...201222784782
experimental induction of malignant catarrhal fever in pigs with ovine herpesvirus 2 by intranasal nebulization.malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), a frequently fatal herpesviral disease primarily of ruminant species, has been sporadically reported in pigs. all cases of naturally occurring porcine mcf reported to date have been linked to ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2), a gammaherpesvirus in the genus macavirus carried by sheep. experimental induction of mcf by aerosolization of the virus in nasal secretions collected from infected sheep has been successful in bison, cattle and rabbits. the goals of this study ...201222560763
presence of torque teno sus virus in porcine circovirus type 2-associated disease in croatia.torque teno virus (ttv) is ubiquitous and species-specific, and two different ttv species, torque teno sus virus 1 (ttsuv1) and torque teno sus virus 2 (ttsuv2), have been described in domestic pigs and wild boars. whether these two species are involved in clinical cases of porcine circovirus type 2-associated disease (pcvds) remains unknown. this study investigates the presence of ttsuv in 85 fetuses, pigs and wild boars infected by pcv2 and affected by pcvds other than postweaning multisystemi ...201223104589
study of the genetic variability of porcine circovirus type 2 detected in serbia and slovenia.recent variants of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were obtained from tissues of domestic pigs with porcine circovirus associated disease and from randomly selected wild boar samples from serbia and slovenia. a 450-base-pair nucleotide sequence was obtained by pcr from the orf2. the derived nucleotide and amino acid sequences were aligned and compared to the corresponding region of closely related pcv2 sequences determined in previous years and retrieved from the genbank. the 30 serbian and 17 ...201222903085
prevalence of infection and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in wild boar (sus scrofa) in poland.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a widespread, important pathogen of domestic swine and the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and other diseases and conditions referred to as "porcine circovirus diseases." specific antibodies and dna to pcv2 have also been detected in european wild boars and north american feral pigs. we collected 312 tonsil samples from wild boars shot in 13 of 16 districts of poland, and tested them for pcv2 dna using a real-time pcr. we detected ...201222740527
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