Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| epidemiology of rabies and current us vaccine guidelines. | rabies is an acute encephalitis that is caused by rabies virus (rabv) infection, which belongs to the rhabdoviridae family of viruses. it causes about 59,000 human deaths per year (although this number may be under-reported) and is generally fatal, once signs and symptoms begin to appear. rabies is still very prevalent and under- reported, particularly in low to middle-income countries such as asia and africa, where there is lack of access to healthcare and domestic dogs are not widely vaccinate ... | 2020 | 32752569 |
| competition for safe real estate, not food, drives density-dependent juvenile survival in a large herbivore. | density-dependent competition for food reduces vital rates, with juvenile survival often the first to decline. a clear prediction of food-based, density-dependent competition for large herbivores is decreasing juvenile survival with increasing density. however, competition for enemy-free space could also be a significant mechanism for density dependence in territorial species. how juvenile survival is predicted to change across density depends critically on the nature of predator-prey dynamics a ... | 2020 | 32607167 |
| a multispecies assessment of wildlife impacts on local community livelihoods. | conflicts between the interests of agriculture and wildlife conservation are a major threat to biodiversity and human well-being globally. addressing such conflicts requires a thorough understanding of the impacts associated with living alongside protected wildlife. despite this, most studies reporting on human-wildlife impacts and the strategies used to mitigate them focus on a single species, thus oversimplifying often complex systems of human-wildlife interactions. we sought to characterize t ... | 2020 | 32496643 |
| interspecies comparison of the residue levels and profiles of persistent organic pollutants in terrestrial top predators. | serum samples from three species of living terrestrial top predators were analysed for six groups of persistent organic pollutants (pops), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (ddts), chlordane compounds (chls), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (hchs), hexachlorobenzene (hcb) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes). the study included three carnivore species: lion (panthera leo), hyena (hyena brunnea) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). all sa ... | 2020 | 32006764 |
| genomic signatures of coevolution between non-model mammals and parasitic roundworms. | antagonistic coevolution between host and parasite drives species evolution. however, most of the studies only focus on parasitism adaptation and do not explore the coevolution mechanisms from the perspective of both host and parasite. here, through the de novo sequencing and assembly of the genomes of giant panda roundworm, red panda roundworm, and lion roundworm parasitic on tiger, we investigated the genomic mechanisms of coevolution between non-model mammals and their parasitic roundworms an ... | 2020 | 32960966 |
| xanthine nephrolithiasis in juvenile captive giant otters (pteronura brasiliensis). | nephrolithiasis has been reported in several aquatic mammals including bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus), small clawed otters (amblonyx cinereus), european river otters (lutra lutra), north american river otters (lontra canadensis), northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris), and california sea lions (zalophus californianus). compositions of calculi in previous cases were predominantly calcium oxalate or ammonium acid urate. xanthi ... | 2020 | 31926528 |
| cross-species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in african lions of serengeti national park. | the outcome of pathogen spillover from a reservoir to a novel host population can range from a "dead-end" when there is no onward transmission in the recipient population, to epidemic spread and even establishment in new hosts. understanding the evolutionary epidemiology of spillover events leading to discrete outcomes in novel hosts is key to predicting risk and can lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of emergence. here we use a bayesian phylodynamic approach to examine cross-speci ... | 2020 | 32306443 |
| taphonomic bone trauma caused by southern african scavengers. | forensic anthropologists in southern africa are often confronted with post-mortem modifications of human skeletal remains caused by animal scavenging. this is troublesome as the post-mortem pseudo-trauma could be misinterpreted. this study aimed to describe the skeletal trauma caused by southern african scavengers which are of forensic interest. the scavenging animals selected for this study included wild dog, spotted hyena, lion, leopard, black-backed jackal, caracal, and porcupine housed at th ... | 2020 | 31471653 |
| pterygodermatites nycticebi infections in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) and aye-ayes (daubentonia madagascariensis) from a german zoo. | in a golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) colony kept indoors in a german zoo, two animals presented a sudden onset of reduced general condition, lethargy, and diarrhea. at animal capture for clinical examination, adult nematode stages were observed after stress-induced defecation. despite treatment, two golden lion tamarins died in the following 2 days. at necropsy, spirurid stages were found in the lungs and intestine. additionally, adult pterygodermatites spp. were identified ... | 2020 | 33135172 |
| identifying candidate genetic markers of cdv cross-species pathogenicity in african lions. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a multi-host pathogen with variable clinical outcomes of infection across and within species. we used whole-genome sequencing (wgs) to search for viral markers correlated with clinical distemper in african lions. to identify candidate markers, we first documented single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) differentiating cdv strains associated with different clinical outcomes in lions in east africa. we then conducted evolutionary analyses on wgs from all global cdv l ... | 2020 | 33114123 |
| a model of the transition to behavioural and cognitive modernity using reflexively autocatalytic networks. | this paper proposes a model of the cognitive mechanisms underlying the transition to behavioural and cognitive modernity in the upper palaeolithic using autocatalytic networks. these networks have been used to model life's origins. more recently, they have been applied to the emergence of cognitive structure capable of undergoing cultural evolution. mental representations of knowledge and experiences play the role of catalytic molecules, the interactions among them (e.g. the forging of new assoc ... | 2020 | 33109019 |
| habitat complexity and lifetime predation risk influence mesopredator survival in a multi-predator system. | variability in habitat selection can lead to differences in fitness; however limited research exists on how habitat selection of mid-ranking predators can influence population-level processes in multi-predator systems. for mid-ranking, or mesopredators, differences in habitat use might have strong demographic effects because mesopredators need to simultaneously avoid apex predators and acquire prey. we studied spatially-explicit survival of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in the mun-ya-wana conserva ... | 2020 | 33082386 |
| isolation, characterization, and ecotoxicological application of marine mammal skin fibroblast cultures. | marine mammal cell cultures are a multifunctional instrument for acquiring knowledge about life in the world's oceans in physiological, biochemical, genetic, and ecotoxicological aspects. we succeeded in isolation, cultivation, and characterization of skin fibroblast cultures from five marine mammal species. the cells of the spotted seal (phoca largha), the sea lion (eumetopias jubatus), and the walrus (odobenus rosmarus) are unpretentious to the isolation procedure. the sea otter (enhydra lutri ... | 2020 | 33078324 |
| minimum habitat thresholds required for conserving mountain lion genetic diversity. | jointly considering the ecology (e.g., habitat use) and genetics (e.g., population genetic structure and diversity) of a species can increase understanding of current conservation status and inform future management practices. previous analyses indicate that mountain lion (puma concolor) populations in california are genetically structured and exhibit extreme variation in population genetic diversity. although human development may have fragmented gene flow, we hypothesized the quantity and qual ... | 2020 | 33072289 |
| the role of kinship and demography in shaping cooperation amongst male lions. | the influence of kinship on animal cooperation is often unclear. cooperating asiatic lion coalitions are linearly hierarchical; male partners appropriate resources disproportionately. to investigate how kinship affect coalitionary dynamics, we combined microsatellite based genetic inferences with long-term genealogical records to measure relatedness between coalition partners of free-ranging lions in gir, india. large coalitions had higher likelihood of having sibling partners, while pairs were ... | 2020 | 33067511 |
| neuropelveology: an emerging discipline for the management of pelvic neuropathies and bladder dysfunctions through to spinal cord injury, anti-ageing and the mars mission. | neuropelveology is a new specialty in medicine that has yet to prove itself but the need for it is obvious. this specialty includes the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies and dysfunctions of the pelvic nerves. it encompasses knowledge that is for the most part already known but scattered throughout various other specialties; neuropelveology gathers all this knowledge together. since the establishment of the international society of neuropelveology, this discipline is experiencing an ever-gro ... | 2020 | 33066247 |
| ten-year experience with continuous low-frequency pelvic somatic nerves stimulation for recovery of voluntary walking in people with chronic spinal cord injury: a prospective case series of 29 consecutive patients. | the purpose of this study was to report on long-term effects of low-frequency stimulation of the pelvic somatic nerves in patients with chronic spinal cord injuries who underwent laparoscopic implantation of neuroprosthesis (lion) in the pelvic lumbosacral nerves. | 2020 | 33065123 |
| genetic diversity and phylogeography of corynosoma australe johnston, 1937 (acanthocephala: polymorphidae), an endoparasite of otariids from the americas in the northern and southern hemispheres. | adult specimens of corynosoma australe johnston, 1937 were recorded from the intestines of california sea lions, zalophus californianus (lesson), from baja california peninsula, mexico, whereas larval forms were collected from two fish species on the argentinian coast. adult specimens of c. australe were morphologically characterized by having a cylindrical proboscis with 18-20 rows of 12-14 hooks per row and a cylindrical trunk expanded anteriorly into a disk with tiny, triangular spines spread ... | 2020 | 33045410 |
| development of conceptual flexibility in intuitive biology: effects of environment and experience. | living things can be classified in many ways, such as taxonomic similarity (lions and lynx), or shared ecological habitat (ducks and turtles). the present studies used card-sorting and triad tasks to explore developmental and experiential changes in conceptual flexibility-the ability to switch between taxonomic and ecological construals of living things-as well as two processes underlying conceptual flexibility: salience (i.e., the ease with which relations come to mind outside of contextual inf ... | 2020 | 33041908 |
| integrating climate and landscape models to prioritize areas and conservation strategies for an endangered arboreal primate. | species distributions are influenced by both climate conditions and landscape structure. here we propose an integrated analysis of climatic and landscape niche-based models for a forest-dependent primate, the endangered black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus). we applied both climate and landscape variables to predict the distribution of this tamarin and used this information to prioritize strategic areas more accurately. we anticipated that this approach would be beneficial for the sele ... | 2020 | 33040387 |
| monthly evapotranspiration estimation using optimal climatic parameters: efficacy of hybrid support vector regression integrated with whale optimization algorithm. | for effective planning of irrigation scheduling, water budgeting, crop simulation, and water resources management, the accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (eto) is essential. in the current study, the hybrid support vector regression (svr) coupled with whale optimization algorithm (svr-woa) was employed to estimate the monthly eto at algiers and tlemcen meteorological stations positioned in the north of algeria under three different optimal input scenarios. monthly climatic param ... | 2020 | 33040211 |
| lions, tigers and kittens too: ace2 and susceptibility to covid-19. | sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been reported to infect domesticated animals in a species-specific manner, where cats were susceptible but not dogs. using the recently published crystal structure of the sars-cov-2 spike protein complexed with the human host cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2), we characterized the structure and evolution of ace2 in several of these species and identify a single interacting amino acid residue conserved between hum ... | 2020 | 32974030 |
| integrating distance sampling and presence-only data to estimate species abundance. | integrated models combine multiple data types within a unified analysis to estimate species abundance and covariate effects. by sharing biological parameters, integrated models improve the accuracy and precision of estimates compared to separate analyses of individual data sets. we developed an integrated point process model to combine presence-only and distance sampling data for estimation of spatially explicit abundance patterns. simulations across a range of parameter values demonstrate that ... | 2020 | 32970847 |
| a serological survey of bacillus anthracis reveals widespread exposure to the pathogen in free-range and captive lions in zimbabwe. | numerous unknown factors influence anthrax epidemiology in multi-host systems, especially at wildlife/livestock/human interfaces. serology tests for anti-anthrax antibodies in carnivores are useful tools in identifying the presence or absence of bacillus anthracis in a range. these were employed to ascertain whether the disease pattern followed the recognized high- and low-risk anthrax zonation in zimbabwe and also to establish whether anthrax was absent from hwange national park in which there ... | 2020 | 32964687 |
| epidemiology, genetic diversity and evolution of canine astrovirus. | astroviruses (astvs) are major causative agents of gastroenteritis in children and have been reported in many species. canine astrovirus (caastv), as an enteric pathogen, has been widely detected worldwide, but little is known about their genetic diversity and evolution, partly owing to a lack of genomic data. here, we sequenced 12 nearly full-length caastv genomes to address the gap in knowledge. we found 14 (13.2%) and 7 (3.35%) caastv-positive samples from pet dogs with and without diarrhoea, ... | 2020 | 32946195 |
| lion-paw (lymphadenectomy in ovarian neoplasm) sexual function assessment: a prospective sub-study of the lion trial. | there is limited information about the impact of radical surgery including pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and subsequent platinum-based chemotherapy on sexuality in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. | 2020 | 32938723 |
| in-vitro and ex-situ regional mass spectral analysis of phospholipids and glucose in the vitreous humor from diabetic and non-diabetic human donors. | the causes of vitreous humor (vh) liquefaction remain unclear. diabetes accelerates this process and other ocular diseases. the weakening of the blood-retina barrier observed with diabetes could enhance the rate of transfer of relatively small molecules such as glucose (glu) and phospholipids (pls) from the retina to the vh. glucose and pls have been detected previously in vh but their regional distributions are not known. the mapping of glu and pls in vhs from subjects with and without diabetes ... | 2020 | 32919990 |
| the oldest record of the steller sea lion eumetopias jubatus (schreber, 1776) from the early pleistocene of the north pacific. | the extant genera of fur seals and sea lions of the family otariidae (carnivora: pinnipedia) are thought to have emerged in the pliocene or the early pleistocene in the north pacific. among them, the steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) is the largest and distributed both in the western and eastern north pacific. in contrast to the limited distribution of the current population around the japanese islands that is now only along the coast of hokkaido, their fossil records have been known from th ... | 2020 | 32913674 |
| molecular and genome characterization of colistin-resistant escherichia coli isolates from wild sea lions (zalophus californianus). | using molecular and whole-genome sequencing tools, we investigated colistin-resistant escherichia coli isolates from wild sea lions. two unrelated e. coli colistin-resistant isolates, st8259 and st4218, were identified, both belonging to the b2 phylogroup and different serotypes. polymorphisms in pmra, pmrb, and phoq proteins were identified, and the role of pmrb and phoq in contributing to colistin resistance was determined by complementation assays. however, the mutations characterized in the ... | 2020 | 32897511 |
| effect of ecological factors on fine-scale patterns of social structure in african lions. | environmental variations can influence the extent to which individuals interact with other individuals by changing the value of grouping. it is well known that many species can form and disband groups, often in response to the distribution and abundance of resources. while previous studies showed that resources influence the broad-scale structure of animal groups, knowledge gaps remain on whether they affect fine-scale patterns of association among individuals within groups. we quantify associat ... | 2020 | 32895921 |
| intraoperative clinical examination for assessing pelvic and para-aortic lymph node involvement in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | after the publication of the lymphadenectomy in ovarian neoplasms (lion) trial results, lymphadenectomy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer with primary complete cytoreductive surgery is considered indicated only for women with suspicious lymph nodes. the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative clinical examination for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer during primary complete cytoreductive surgery. me ... | 2020 | 32872558 |
| weight optimized neural network for heart disease prediction using hybrid lion plus particle swarm algorithm. | heart disease remains one of the significantcauses ofmortality and morbidity amongst the world's population. predicting heart disease is considered as one of the vital issues in clinical data analysis. since the number of data is rising gradually, it is muchcomplicatedforanalyzing and processing, and especially, it becomes difficult to maintain the e-healthcare data. moreover, the prediction model under machine learning seems to be anessentialfacet in this research area. in this scenario, this p ... | 2020 | 32858167 |
| level of patient satisfaction with inpatient services and its determinants: a study of a specialized hospital in ethiopia. | the health care industry is undergoing a rapid transformation to meet the ever-increasing needs and demands of its patient population. level of patients' satisfaction is an important health outcome, which is regarded as a determinant measure for quality of care. this study was performed with the aim of assessing the level of patient satisfaction with inpatient services and its determinants in black lion specialized hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. | 2020 | 32855641 |
| exploring dentists' professional behaviours reported in united kingdom newspaper media. | aim stories of dentists and their professional behaviours can be communicated around the world through news media. this may influence people's perceptions of dentistry and their trust in professionals. the aim of this study was to explore reports of dentists and their professional behaviours in newspaper media.method all articles which included the term 'dentist' alongside 'professional' or 'misconduct' or 'behaviour' between 1 january 2016 and 31 october 2019 were retrieved from the ten most co ... | 2020 | 32855520 |
| stress-related and reproductive hormones in hair from three north pacific otariid species: steller sea lions, california sea lions and northern fur seals. | assessing the physiological impact of stressors in pinnipeds is logistically challenging, and many hormones are altered by capture and handling, limiting the utility of metabolically active tissues. hair is increasingly being used to investigate stress-related and reproductive hormones in wildlife populations due to less-invasive collection methods, being metabolically inert once grown and containing multiple biomarkers of ecological interest. we validated enzyme immunoassays for measuring aldos ... | 2020 | 32843968 |
| entanglement rates and haulout abundance trends of steller (eumetopias jubatus) and california (zalophus californianus) sea lions on the north coast of washington state. | entanglements affect marine mammal species around the globe, and for some, those impacts are great enough to cause population declines. this study aimed to document rates and causes of entanglement and trends in local haulout abundance for steller and california sea lions on the north coast of washington from 2010-2018. we conducted small boat surveys to count sea lions and document entangled individuals. rates of entanglement and entangling material occurrence were compared with records of stra ... | 2020 | 32841298 |
| behavioral implications of enrichment for golden lion tamarins: a tool for ex situ conservation. | the re-release of golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia), from zoos into the wild, is considered to be an ex situ conservation success story. however, zoo-born golden lion tamarins have lower survival rates than their wild-born offspring, potentially due to deficient foraging and locomotion 'survival skills' acquired in captivity. the current study aimed to evaluate whether a puzzle feeder suspended and baited with different items could promote increased foraging and general activity in t ... | 2020 | 32841087 |
| the lion king of ovulation induction. | melvin taymor's daughter, julie taymor, directed the musical version of the lion king, which won six tony awards. known for her revolutionary staging, she became the first woman to be awarded a tony for best direction of a musical. | 2020 | 32819679 |
| preference assessments as a tool to evaluate environmental enrichment. | environmental enrichment is an important tool utilized to improve animal welfare in zoological institutions through opportunity for mental and physical stimulation. many past studies have focused on the impact enrichment has on animal behavior; however, none have conducted preference assessments on enrichment items to examine the relationship between animals' preferences and interaction with enrichment over a 24-hr period. ten-minute free operant, paired-choice preference assessments were implem ... | 2020 | 32813291 |
| mixed-species groups of serengeti grazers: a test of the stress gradient hypothesis. | understanding the role of species interactions within communities is a central focus of ecology. a key challenge is to understand variation in species interactions along environmental gradients. the stress gradient hypothesis posits that positive interactions increase and competitive interactions decrease with increasing consumer pressure or environmental stress. this hypothesis has received extensive attention in plant community ecology, but only a handful of tests in animals. furthermore, few ... | 2020 | 32799323 |
| diurnal body temperature and rate of passage of loggers in lions. | the documentation of diurnal patterns in body temperature in lions could be important because disruption of circadian patterns can be a useful measure of distress. this study quantified changes in body temperature of seven african lions (panthera leo) at 5 min intervals during cold conditions from noon until the ingested body temperature loggers were expelled the next day. thirteen loggers were fed to 11 lions during their daily noon feeding, while ambient temperatures were also recorded using s ... | 2020 | 32796500 |
| ecological drivers of female lion (panthera leo) reproduction in the kruger national park. | the role of social cues in the reproduction of social mammals, particularly carnivores, has been thoroughly studied and documented in literature. however, environmental cues such as resources of water, food, and shelter have been identified to a lesser extent. pregnant lions (panthera leo) are notoriously secretive during the final stages of pregnancy and postpartum. behavioral indicators depicted by movement patterns obtained by remote detection of collared female lions in the kruger national p ... | 2020 | 32788956 |
| surviving in steep terrain: a lab-to-field assessment of locomotor costs for wild mountain lions (puma concolor). | under current scenarios of climate change and habitat loss, many wild animals, especially large predators, are moving into novel energetically challenging environments. consequently, changes in terrain associated with such moves may heighten energetic costs and effect the decline of populations in new localities. | 2020 | 32782806 |
| artificial eyespots on cattle reduce predation by large carnivores. | eyespots evolved independently in many taxa as anti-predator signals. there remains debate regarding whether eyespots function as diversion targets, predator mimics, conspicuous startling signals, deceptive detection, or a combination. although eye patterns and gaze modify human behaviour, anti-predator eyespots do not occur naturally in contemporary mammals. here we show that eyespots painted on cattle rumps were associated with reduced attacks by ambush carnivores (lions and leopards). cattle ... | 2020 | 32770111 |
| intergroup food transfers in wild golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | the transfer of food between adults is uncommon in primates. although golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia) are unique among primates in the extent to which they transfer food, reports of food transfers between adults have so far been restricted to captive or reintroduced individuals. here, i report the first recorded events of adult-adult food transfers in golden lion tamarins between individuals belonging to different groups in the wild. given that individuals emigrate from their natal ... | 2020 | 32767132 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection in european mouflons (ovis musimon) and captive wild felines from puebla, méxico. | the presence of toxoplasma gondii in zoos is cause of alert because many susceptible species kept in captivity die of clinical toxoplasmosis. moreover, excretion of t. gondii oocysts by infected captive wild felines into the facilities could pose a risk to workers. herbivores in wild collections can serve as sentinels of local transmission, since they get infected by the consumption of oocysts present in ground or water. both herbivores and felids may reveal the parasite variants which are circu ... | 2020 | 32760649 |
| estimating prevalence and test accuracy in disease ecology: how bayesian latent class analysis can boost or bias imperfect test results. | obtaining accurate estimates of disease prevalence is crucial for the monitoring and management of wildlife populations but can be difficult if different diagnostic tests yield conflicting results and if the accuracy of each diagnostic test is unknown. bayesian latent class analysis (blca) modeling offers a potential solution, providing estimates of prevalence levels and diagnostic test accuracy under the realistic assumption that no diagnostic test is perfect.in typical applications of this app ... | 2020 | 32760523 |
| rethinking trophic niches: speed and body mass colimit prey space of mammalian predators. | realized trophic niches of predators are often characterized along a one-dimensional range in predator-prey body mass ratios. this prey range is constrained by an "energy limit" and a "subdue limit" toward small and large prey, respectively. besides these body mass ratios, maximum speed is an additional key component in most predator-prey interactions.here, we extend the concept of a one-dimensional prey range to a two-dimensional prey space by incorporating a hump-shaped speed-body mass relatio ... | 2020 | 32760514 |
| ingestion of microplastics and occurrence of parasite association in mediterranean anchovy and sardine. | we quantified the incidence of microplastics in the gut contents of the european sardine (sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (engraulis encrasicolus) in the northwestern mediterranean sea and tested which variables influence this abundance, including the prevalence of parasites (i.e., trematoda larvae and nematodes). we detected a 58% occurrence of microplastics ingestion in sardines and a 60% in anchovies. with respect to sardines, the individuals with lower body conditions were found to have the ... | 2020 | 32753184 |
| vulnerability of a top marine predator to coastal storms: a relationship between hydrodynamic drivers and stranding rates of newborn pinnipeds. | coastal storms have increased in recent decades, affecting many species, including the south american sea lion (otaria byronia). reports of stranded sea lion pups are becoming common in chile, presumably due to the increase in the frequency and intensity of coastal storms. to validate this assumption, a 10-year database was built by coupling wave generation and coastal propagation models to correlate pure wave parameters (significant wave height hs, peak period tp, normalized wave power hs2 tp) ... | 2020 | 32732896 |
| [cooperation between the department of ophthalmology at the university of düsseldorf (germany) and the fundación visión in asunción (paraguay) as an example of the german hospital partnerships programm]. | a hospital partnership between the university eye hospital düsseldorf (uak düsseldorf) and fundación visión in asunción has existed since 2014 based on a memorandum of understanding. fundación visión plays a leading role in ophthalmological treatment and prevention of blindness in paraguay. since 2016 a program for the promotion of international hospital partnerships of the german government has been in place. | 2020 | 32725542 |
| early pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion. | the cave lion is an extinct felid that was widespread across the holarctic throughout the late pleistocene. its closest extant relative is the lion (panthera leo), but the timing of the divergence between these two taxa, as well as their taxonomic ranking are contentious. in this study we analyse 31 mitochondrial genome sequences from cave lion individuals that, through a combination of 14c and genetic tip dating, are estimated to be from dates extending well into the mid-pleistocene. we identif ... | 2020 | 32724178 |
| complex virome in a mesenteric lymph node from a californian sea lion (zalophus californianus) with polyserositis and steatitis. | an emaciated subadult free-ranging california sea lion (csl or zalophus californianus) died following stranding with lesions similar to 11 other stranded animals characterized by chronic disseminated granulomatous inflammation with necrotizing steatitis and vasculitis, involving visceral adipose tissues in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities. histologically, affected tissues had extensive accumulations of macrophages with perivascular lymphocytes, plasma cells, and fewer neutrophils. using vira ... | 2020 | 32718049 |
| regional variations and drivers of mercury and selenium concentrations in steller sea lions. | mercury (hg) can be neurotoxic to mammals and impact reproduction, whereas selenium (se) is an important antioxidant known to ameliorate some adverse effects of hg. total hg concentrations ([thg]) were measured in lanugo (pelage grown in utero) of 812 steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) pups across alaska and russia to assess fetal exposure during late gestation. the molar ratio of total se to thg (tse:thg) was determined in whole blood collected from 291 pups. stable isotope ratios of carbon ... | 2020 | 32717470 |
| dynamics of gaze control during prey capture in freely moving mice. | many studies of visual processing are conducted in constrained conditions such as head- and gaze-fixation, and therefore less is known about how animals actively acquire visual information in natural contexts. to determine how mice target their gaze during natural behavior, we measured head and bilateral eye movements in mice performing prey capture, an ethological behavior that engages vision. we found that the majority of eye movements are compensatory for head movements, thereby serving to st ... | 2020 | 32706335 |
| correction to: suspended sediment load prediction using artificial neural network and ant lion optimization algorithm. | following the publication of the article it has come to the authors' attention that the first panel of fig. 11 has been repeated with the second panel of fig. 11. | 2020 | 32705552 |
| an alphavirus-derived replicon rna vaccine induces sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibody and t cell responses in mice and nonhuman primates. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), is having a deleterious impact on health services and the global economy, highlighting the urgent need for an effective vaccine. such a vaccine would need to rapidly confer protection after one or two doses and would need to be manufactured using components suitable for scale up. here, we developed an alphavirus-derived replicon rna vaccine candidate, reprn ... | 2020 | 32690628 |
| under pressure: the extraordinary survival of seal lice in the deep sea. | lice from pinnipeds - sea lions, seals and walruses - are the only insects capable of surviving marine dives. throughout their evolutionary history, they have adapted to tolerate hypoxia, high salinity, low temperature and, in particular, to tolerate conditions of high hydrostatic pressure. to understand the limits of the capacity of lice to survive during host deep dives, we conducted a series of controlled experiments in the laboratory. we collected lice from elephant seals and submitted the d ... | 2020 | 32680903 |
| spatiotemporal genetic diversity of lions reveals the influence of habitat fragmentation across africa. | direct comparisons between historical and contemporary populations allow for detecting changes in genetic diversity through time and assessment of the impact of habitat fragmentation. here, we determined the genetic architecture of both historical and modern lions to document changes in genetic diversity over the last century. we surveyed microsatellite and mitochondrial genome variation from 143 high-quality museum specimens of known provenance, allowing us to directly compare this information ... | 2020 | 32667997 |
| corneae from body donors in anatomy department: valuable use for clinical transplantation and experimental research. | explanted corneae are highly needed for the surgical management of patients with severe corneal diseases. the aim of this study was to determine whether the body donors from the institute of anatomy are a suitable source of donor corneae. | 2020 | 32660508 |
| group density, disease, and season shape territory size and overlap of social carnivores. | the spatial organization of a population can influence the spread of information, behaviour and pathogens. group territory size and territory overlap and components of spatial organization, provide key information as these metrics may be indicators of habitat quality, resource dispersion, contact rates and environmental risk (e.g. indirectly transmitted pathogens). furthermore, sociality and behaviour can also shape space use, and subsequently, how space use and habitat quality together impact d ... | 2020 | 32654133 |
| incidence and predictors of recurrence among breast cancer patients in black lion specialized hospital adult oncology unit, addis ababa, ethiopia: retrospective follow-up study with survival analysis. | currently, breast cancer is becoming a major public health problem for developing countries. in ethiopia, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, and constitutes a major public health concern. hence, this study was aimed to determine the incidence and predictor of recurrence among breast cancer clients at black lion specialized hospital, ethiopia, in 2018. we analyzed 513 patients out of 835 women breast cancer patients treated at black lion specialized hospital. recurrent-free s ... | 2020 | 32647652 |
| increasing the coverage of a mass spectral library of milk oligosaccharides using a hybrid-search-based bootstrapping method and milks from a wide variety of mammals. | this study significantly expands both the scope and method of identification for construction of a previously reported tandem mass spectral library of 74 human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) derived from results of combined lc-ms/ms experiments and comprehensive structural analysis of hmos. in the present work, a hybrid search "bootstrap" identification method was employed that substantially broadens the coverage of milk oligosaccharides and thereby increases utility use of a spectrum library-base ... | 2020 | 32639750 |
| first description of the fur of two cubs of fossil cave lion panthera spelaea (goldfuss, 1810) found in yakutia in 2017 and 2018. | the first description of well-preserved fur of one male and one female cubs of the fossil cave lion panthera spelaea (finds of 2017-2018, semyuelyakh river, yakutia, russia) is presented in comparison with the fur of two cubs (a male and a female) of the extant african lion p. leo and adult lions of both species: the color, differentiation, configuration, microstructure, and internal design of hair of different categories are considered. the coat of the cave lion is similar but not identical to ... | 2020 | 32632835 |
| suspended sediment load prediction using artificial neural network and ant lion optimization algorithm. | suspended sediment load (ssl) estimation is a required exercise in water resource management. this article proposes the use of hybrid artificial neural network (ann) models, for the prediction of ssl, based on previous ssl values. different input scenarios of daily ssl were used to evaluate the capacity of the ann-ant lion optimization (alo), ann-bat algorithm (ba) and ann-particle swarm optimization (pso). the goorganrood basin in iran was selected for this study. first, the lagged ssl data wer ... | 2020 | 32621196 |
| incidence of respiratory distress and its predictors among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, black lion specialized hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. | although respiratory distress is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality throughout the globe, it is a particularly serious concern for nations like ethiopia that have significant resource limitations. additionally, few studies have looked at neonatal respiratory distress and its predictors in developing countries, and thus we sought to investigate this issue in neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at black lion specialized hospital, ethiopia. | 2020 | 32609748 |
| linking longitudinal and cross-sectional biomarker data to understand host-pathogen dynamics: leptospira in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) as a case study. | confronted with the challenge of understanding population-level processes, disease ecologists and epidemiologists often simplify quantitative data into distinct physiological states (e.g. susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered). however, data defining these states often fall along a spectrum rather than into clear categories. hence, the host-pathogen relationship is more accurately defined using quantitative data, often integrating multiple diagnostic measures, just as clinicians do to assess ... | 2020 | 32598393 |
| the demographic decline of a sea lion population followed multi-decadal sea surface warming. | the population growth of top predators depends largely on environmental conditions suitable for aggregating sufficient and high-quality prey. we reconstructed numerically the size of a resident population of california sea lions in the gulf of california during 1978-2019 and its relation with multi-decadal sea surface temperature anomalies. this is the first multi-decadal examination of the sea surface temperature of the gulf of california and of one of its major predators. a three-decade sustai ... | 2020 | 32591624 |
| the role of food transfers in wild golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia): support for the informational and nutritional hypothesis. | callitrichidae is a unique primate family not only in terms of the large number of food transfers to infants but also for the prevalence of transfers that are initiated by the adults. it has been hypothesized that, as well as provisioning infants, callitrichid food transfers might function to teach the receiver what food types to eat. if food provisioning has a teaching function, we would expect successful food transfers to be more likely with food types that are novel to the juveniles. we would ... | 2020 | 32583293 |
| using a word association task to investigate semantic depth in swedish-speaking children with developmental language disorder. | we examined word associations in swedish children with developmental language disorder (dld) compared to their typically developing (td) peers. furthermore, the study aimed to explore the dimensions of vocabulary knowledge (breadth, depth, and fluency) in these children. fifty children (15 dld and 35 td) participated in the study, aged six to nine years. this age span is commonly associated with substantial lexical reorganisation, by some referred to as the syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift. fifty ... | 2020 | 32580678 |
| ex-vivo cultured human corneoscleral segment model to study the effects of glaucoma factors on trabecular meshwork. | glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. primary open angle glaucoma (poag), the most common form of glaucoma, is often associated with elevation of intraocular pressure (iop) due to the dysfunction of trabecular meshwork (tm) tissues. currently, an ex vivo human anterior segment perfusion cultured system is widely used to study the effects of glaucoma factors and disease modifying drugs on physiological parameters like aqueous humor (ah) dynamics and iop homeost ... | 2020 | 32579557 |
| biodiversity data and new species descriptions of polychaetes from offshore waters of the falkland islands, an area undergoing hydrocarbon exploration. | benthic environmental impact assessments and monitoring programs accompanying offshore hydrocarbon industry activities result in large collections of benthic organisms. such collections offer great potential for systematics, biodiversity and biogeography research, but these opportunities are only rarely realised. in recent decades, the hydrocarbon industry has started exploration activities in offshore waters off the falkland islands. a large collection of ca. 25,000 polychaete (annelida) specim ... | 2020 | 32549744 |
| conservation challenges: the limitations of antemortem tuberculosis testing in captive asiatic lions (panthera leo persica). | genetic diversity of captive wild animals can be enhanced by moving those individuals with valuable genes between collections and through introduction of a new pair from a range country. this requires movement of animals, which is inherent with disease risks, such as the introduction of pathogenic mycobacterium sp. (mtbc) into a zoological collection. decisions need to be made based on the outcome of perimovement disease screening using an array of tests, the majority of which are unvalidated in ... | 2020 | 32549574 |
| single-dose replicating rna vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against sars-cov-2 in nonhuman primates. | the ongoing covid-19 pandemic, caused by infection with sars-cov-2, is having a dramatic and deleterious impact on health services and the global economy. grim public health statistics highlight the need for vaccines that can rapidly confer protection after a single dose and be manufactured using components suitable for scale-up and efficient distribution. in response, we have rapidly developed reprna-cov2s, a stable and highly immunogenic vaccine candidate comprised of an rna replicon formulate ... | 2020 | 32511417 |
| polymorphisms in 5' proximal regulating region of thrsp gene are associated with fat production in pigs. | chinese and imported pig breeds differ in fat production potential, which is associated with the polymorphisms in the 5' proximal regulating region (5'prr) of thyroid hormone responsive gene (thrsp). in three chinese breeds (dingyuan, cdy; wannanhua, cwh; and jixi, cjx) and one introduced breed (yorkshire, yks), three variant sites were located at t/c-400, a/g-376, and g/a-98 in the 5'prr. chinese pig breeds had higher c-400 allele frequencies than yks. the frequencies of a-376 in cdy and g-376 ... | 2020 | 32509500 |
| seasonal effects on testes size and sustained semen quality in captive golden-headed lion tamarins, leontopithecus chrysomelas. | the golden-headed lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysomelas) is an endangered primate that, according to timing of births, there seems to have seasonal reproductive patterns in captive populations inhabiting the southern hemisphere. the extent to which male tamarins have circannual cyclic fluctuations in testicular functions, however, remains unknown. changes in testis size and seminal variables, therefore, were evaluated during the rainy and dry seasons of the year in seven males. there was esti ... | 2020 | 32507254 |
| lions quest skills for adolescence implementation during covid-19 challenges in croatia. | globally, the coronavirus-2019 (covid-19) pandemic situation has affected the education system, forcing students to start distance learning. consequently, education of students reverted to online platforms or tv station broadcasts. extracurricular programs have also experienced a setback given the natural prioritization of mandatory school subjects. meanwhile, the united nations office on drugs and crime (unodc) was implementing a teacher-led extracurricular activity for children of age 10-15 ye ... | 2020 | 32496105 |
| health indicators of pregnant women in tonkolili district, rural sierra leone. | despite having reported one of the highest maternal mortality ratios and neonatal mortality rates in the world, surprisingly little is known about the general health status of pregnant women in rural parts of sierra leone. malaria, anaemia and malnutrition are known contributors to adverse pregnancy outcomes. although their prevalence is known to be high, the burden of these conditions in the rural pregnant population remains unknown. our study aimed to gain more insight into the health status o ... | 2020 | 32492879 |
| host population expansion and the genetic architecture of the pinniped hookworm uncinaria lucasi. | the long-term fidelity of pinniped hosts to their natal rookery site suggests the genetic architecture of their uncinaria spp. hookworms should be strongly structured by host breeding biology. however, historical events affecting host populations may also shape parasite genetic structure. sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (coi) gene of 86 uncinaria lucasi individuals were obtained to assess genetic variation and structure of nematodes from 2 host species (68 hookworms from no ... | 2020 | 32491171 |
| a novel quantitative real-time pcr diagnostic assay for fecal and nasal swab detection of an otariid lungworm, parafilaroides decorus. | parafilaroides decorus, also known as sea lion lungworm, is a metastrongyloid nematode that infects otariid hosts, such as the charismatic california sea lion, zalophus californianus. p. decorus causes bronchointerstitial pneumonia, respiratory distress, reduced ability to swim, dive and hunt and as a result, increased mortality particularly in young animals. respiratory disease is a leading cause of stranding and admission to rehabilitation centers on the pacific coast. low-coverage genomic seq ... | 2020 | 32489853 |
| predation risk constrains herbivores' adaptive capacity to warming. | global warming compels larger endothermic animals to adapt either physiologically or behaviourally to avoid thermal stress, especially in tropical ecosystems. their adaptive responses may however be compromised by other constraints, such as predation risk or starvation. using an exceptional camera-trap dataset spanning 32 protected areas across southern africa, we find that intermediate-sized herbivores (100-550 kg) switch activity to hotter times of the day when exposed to predation by lions. t ... | 2020 | 32483322 |
| li4ca2b8o16: a borate with a unique fundamental building block and a short cutoff edge. | a complex alkali and alkaline-earth metal borate li4ca2b8o16 has been synthesized successfully via the high-temperature solution method. li4ca2b8o16 crystallizes into the space group p1̅ (no. 2) of the triclinic crystal system. the crystal structure exhibits a three-dimensional framework consisting of the [b8o16]∞ chains connected by the [lion] (n = 3, 4, 6) and [cao7] polyhedra. the fundamental building block [b8o18] differs from those of other anhydrous octa-borates, which can be identified as ... | 2020 | 32476408 |
| so happy together: juvenile crabeater seal behavior improves lice transmission. | lice from family echinophthiriidae are of the few insects that have successfully colonized marine environment living as ectoparasites of pinnipeds, i.e., sea lions, seals, and the walrus. they have developed unique adaptations to cope with the amphibious lifestyle of their hosts. because eggs do not survive underwater, lice could only reproduce when their host remains on pack ice enough time. consequently, lice generations per year are limited by host haul-out behavior. the objective of this wor ... | 2020 | 32447516 |
| [analysis of factors influencing the suitability of donor corneas in the lions cornea bank saar-lor-lux, trier/westpfalz from 2006 to 2016]. | with the discrepancy between availability and demand for corneal donors, the purpose of our study was to identify significant factors influencing the suitability and affecting the main reasons for discarding organ-cultured corneas. we thus aimed to minimise the percentage of unsuitable corneas in the long term. | 2020 | 32434230 |
| person and family centeredness in ethiopian cancer care: proposal for a project for improving communication, ethics, decision making, and health. | cancer is a major burden in ethiopia. the oncology department of tikur anbessa (black lion) specialized hospital in addis ababa is the sole specialist unit for cancer care in the country. with only a handful of oncologists, a lack of resources, and a huge patient load, the work is challenging, especially in terms of achieving effective and ethical patient consultations. patients, usually accompanied by family members, often wait for a long time to receive medical attention and frequently depart ... | 2020 | 32427112 |
| correction to: predation of treefrogs (anura: hylidae) with toxic skin secretions by the black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus, callitrichinae). | in the original publication of the article, the scientific name of veined treefrog. | 2020 | 32424538 |
| fatal mauling by tigers. | lethal injuries due to large animal attack are uncommon in routine forensic practice in europe. specifically, few incidents are reported concerning tiger/lion attacks that usually involve captive circus or zoo animals. we present the case of a 61-year old animal tamer who was mauled to death by four tigers while he was training them for a circus performance. careful investigation of the circumstances surrounding the fatality revealed that the tamer had most likely been struck with a tiger paw an ... | 2020 | 32415625 |
| transient and small signal stability improvement in microgrid using awoalo with virtual synchronous generator control scheme. | a hybrid technique for improving the transient and small signal stability in microgrid (mg) using virtual inertia is discussed at these manuscripts. the established hybrid method denotes combined performance of both whale optimization algorithm (woa) and ant lion optimization (alo) algorithm it is named as awoalo technique. the purpose of awoalo technique is to optimize the control parameters for regulate the changes occurred in the grid parameter such as voltage as well as frequency depend on v ... | 2020 | 32414560 |
| assessing oxidative stress in steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus): associations with mercury and selenium concentrations. | selenium (se) bioavailability is required for synthesis and function of essential se-dependent antioxidants, including the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (gpx). strong interactions between monomethyl mercury and se impair the critical antioxidant role of se. approximately 20% of steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus, ssl) pups sampled in the western aleutian islands, alaska, had total hg concentrations ([thg]) measured in hair and whole blood above thresholds of concern for adverse physiologic eff ... | 2020 | 32413494 |
| neural networks for open and closed literature-based discovery. | literature-based discovery (lbd) aims to discover new knowledge automatically from large collections of literature. scientific literature is growing at an exponential rate, making it difficult for researchers to stay current in their discipline and easy to miss knowledge necessary to advance their research. lbd can facilitate hypothesis testing and generation and thus accelerate scientific progress. neural networks have demonstrated improved performance on lbd-related tasks but are yet to be app ... | 2020 | 32413059 |
| gender and ethnic differences in pterygium prevalence: an audit of remote australian clinics. | developing an accurate picture of the demographic profile and refractive status of aboriginal and non-aboriginal individuals with pterygium will facilitate health planning and appropriate deployment of health-care resources in rural australia. | 2020 | 32363676 |
| artist's statement: tooth of the lion. | 2020 | 32345882 | |
| studbook and molecular analyses for the endangered black-lion-tamarin; an integrative approach for assessing genetic diversity and driving management in captivity. | breeding strategies based on molecular markers have been adopted by ex-situ conservation programs to assess alternative parameters for the genetic diversity estimates. in this work we evaluated molecular and studbook data for captive populations of black-lion-tamarin (blt), an endangered primate endemic to brazil's atlantic forest. pedigree analyses were performed using blt studbook information collected from 1973 to 2018. we analyzed the whole captive population since its foundation; the curren ... | 2020 | 32321949 |
| optimal feature selection for big data classification: firefly with lion-assisted model. | in this article, the proposed method develops a big data classification model with the aid of intelligent techniques. here, the parallel pool map reduce framework is used for handling big data. the model involves three main phases, namely (1) feature extraction, (2) optimal feature selection, and (3) classification. for feature extraction, the well-known feature extraction techniques such as principle component analysis, linear discriminate analysis, and linear square regression are used. since ... | 2020 | 32319798 |
| predation of treefrogs (anura: hylidae) with toxic skin secretions by the black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus, callitrichinae). | we report on the predation of a veined treefrog (trachycephalus venulosus) and an ocellated treefrog (itapotihyla langsdorffii), both species with noxious skin secretions, by black lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysopygus). the two predation events took place in morro do diabo state park, an atlantic forest reserve in southeastern brazil. the veined treefrog was removed from a tree hollow by an adult male, whereas the ocellated treefrog was caught on the ground after it jumped from the tree att ... | 2020 | 32314172 |
| prevalence and distribution of echinococcus spp. in wild and domestic animals across africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | cystic echinococcosis (ce), a worldwide zoonosis, is highly prevalent in africa particularly in northern and eastern africa where data are more abundant than other regions. however, harmonization of available data through systematic review and meta-analysis may foster improved transboundary cooperation for the control of ce in africa. using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, research articles (from 2000 to 2019) were retrieved from sciencedirect, p ... | 2020 | 32304141 |
| methyl mercury (mehg) in vitro exposure alters mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine expression in steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) pups. | steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus, ssls) are managed as two distinct population segments within u.s. waters: the endangered western distinct population segment and the recently delisted eastern distinct population segment. recent studies reported concentrations of mercury in several tissues collected from young ssls in the aleutian islands that were at or above concentrations found to negatively impact health in other fish-eating mammals. however, there are limited studies which have investi ... | 2020 | 32302832 |
| outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab injection without pre and postoperative antibiotics. | intravitreal injections are the most common treatment modality for several retinal pathologies. despite endophthalmitis being the most feared complication, antibioprophylaxis remains controversial in intravitreal injections. | 2020 | 32293351 |
| plasma concentrations of itraconazole following a single oral dose in juvenile california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | the objective of this study was to establish a single-dose pharmacokinetic profile for orally administered itraconazole in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). twenty healthy rehabilitated juvenile california sea lions were included in this study. itraconazole capsules were administered orally with food at a target dose of 5-10 mg/kg. blood samples were collected from each animal at 0 hr and at two of the following timepoints: 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr. quantitative ana ... | 2020 | 32286696 |
| investigating a simplified method for noninvasive genetic sampling in east african mammals using silica dried scat swabs. | swabbing scat has proved to be an effective noninvasive method to collect dna from mammals in the field. previously, this method has relied on preservative liquids or freezing to preserve the dna collected on swabs. in this study, we determine the effectiveness of using silica to simply dry the swab in field as an alternative way to prevent dna degredation. four species were included in the study; reticulated giraffe, impala, fringe-eared oryx, and lion. swabs were taken at multiple time points ... | 2020 | 32273990 |