Publications

the effect of dietary immunomodulation upon edwardsiella tarda vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised indian major carp (labeo rohita).	in order to determine the impact on disease resistance of four dietary immunomodulators viz., beta-1,3 glucan, levamisole, vitamins c and e, in an important farmed indian major carp species, rohu (labeo rohita ham.), fish were fed diets containing various levels of these substances during a 60 day trial. aflatoxin b1 (afb,) at 125 mg kg(-1) body weight was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into fish to induce an immunosuppressive state on the first day of the experiment in some individuals. the ...	2002	11866127
molecular cloning of growth hormone-encoding cdna of an indian major carp, labeo rohita, and its expression in escherichia coli and zebrafish.	the cdna clones encoding for growth hormone (gh) of an indian major carp rohu labeo rohita were isolated from a cdna library constructed from the poly(a)(+) rna extracted from the pituitary glands of rohu. partial gh cdna of the rohu (3'-end) was amplified by rt-pcr and used as probe to screen the cdna library. full-length gh-specific cdna clones (1180 bp) were isolated and sequenced. the sequence contains 48-bp 5'-noncoding region followed by an orf of 621 bp and a 3'-noncoding region of 521 bp ...	2002	11884069
isolation and characterization of a homologue of mammalian prolactin-releasing peptide from the tilapia brain and its effect on prolactin release from the tilapia pituitary.	in the tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus), as in many teleosts, prolactin (prl) plays a major role in osmoregulation in freshwater. recently, prl-releasing peptides (prrps) have been characterized in mammals. independently, a novel c-terminal rf (arginine-phenylalanine) amide peptide (carrasius rf amide; c-rfa), which is structurally related to mammalian prrps, has been isolated from the brain of the japanese crucian carp. the putative prrp was purified from an acid extract of tilapia brain by af ...	2002	11884078
zebrafish as a model for vertebrate reproduction: characterization of the first functional zebrafish (danio rerio) gonadotropin receptor.	vertebrate reproduction is tightly regulated by conserved glycoprotein hormones produced by the pituitary gland. follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) in tetrapods and gonadotropic hormone i (gth-i) in fishes are orthologous glycoprotein hormones that control the timing of egg production and the number of eggs produced. zebrafish, a well-established genetic model for developmental biology, also offers potential advantages for studies of reproductive toxicology, especially for modeling the impact of ...	2002	11884080
cloning of a novel rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cc chemokine with a fractalkine-like stalk and a tnf decoy receptor using cdna fragments containing au-rich elements.	an activation-specific cdna library was made from phytohaemagglutinin (pha)-activated haematopoietic cells of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using the technique of suppression subtractive hybridization. several immune system genes were identified, including an interleukin (il)1 receptor related protein and two invariant chain-like proteins. many clones showed no similarity by blast search, but had au-rich elements. these fragments were labelled and used for hybridization with a pha-acti ...	2002	11886174
role of nitric oxide in control of light adaptive cone photomechanical movements in retinas of lower vertebrates: a comparative species study.	the possible role of nitric oxide (no) as a novel light adaptive neuromodulator of cone plasticity (photomechanical movements) in retinae of two contrasting species of fish (freshwater carp and marine bream) and an example of an amphibian (xenopus laevis) was studied pharmacologically by cytomorphometric measurements. application of a no donor [s-nitroso-n-acetyl-d, l-penicillamine] (500-700 microm) to dark-adapted retinae induced contraction of cones with an efficiency (ce) relative to full lig ...	2002	11890744
upper extremity infections following common carp fish (cyprinus carpio) handling.	upper extremity infection caused by aquatic pathogens on fish is a well recognized clinical entity. we report five consecutive cases of upper extremity infections, ranging from a simple localized reaction to a life-threatening systemic illness, which developed after handling common carp fish (cyprinus carpio). in four cases, infection occurred following a penetrating injury by either the bones or the fin spines of the fish. vibrio vulnificus was isolated from wound aspirates in four cases. early ...	2002	11895351
determination of the complete genomic sequence and analysis of the gene products of the virus of spring viremia of carp, a fish rhabdovirus.	the complete genome of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) was cloned and the sequence of 11019 nucleotides was determined. it contains five open reading frames (orf's) encoding for the nucleoprotein n; phosphoprotein p; matrix protein m; glycoprotein g; and the viral rna dependent rna polymerase l. genes are organised in the order typical for rhabdoviruses: 3'-n-p-m-g-l-5'. the short leader and trailer regions of svcv exhibit inverse complementarity and are similar to the respective 3' and 5' e ...	2002	11900842
cloning and expression pattern of the lysozyme c gene in zebrafish.	here, we report isolation and developmental expression pattern of the zebrafish lysozyme c gene. amino acid sequence analysis showed that the zebrafish lysozyme c protein shared approximately 37-80% identities with the mouse, human, chicken, and carp counterparts. whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that the lysozyme c gene was expressed in macrophages, as its expression was co-localized with the known myeloid lineage markers l-plastin and pu.1. at 20 hours postfertilization (hpf), most of ...	2002	11900976
the epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (iridoviridae) induces apoptosis in vitro.	the epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) is an iridovirus causing severe disease in different fish species. we investigated the induction of apoptosis during ehnv infection of the epithelioma carp papulosum (epc) cell line. apoptosis reveals several characteristic morphological changes, such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, cytoplasm membrane disorientation, or mitochondrial changes. during ehnv infection of epc cells the occurrence of apoptosis was analysed using a fl ...	2002	11911588
freshwater pollution biomarker: response of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in two fish species.	the effect of prolonged exposure at two sites along the reconquista river (argentina), a highly polluted peri-urban water body, on brain acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7, acetylcholine acetylhydrolase) of two teleosts was examined. caged cyprinus carpio and field-captured cnesterodon decemmaculatus were used as sentinel organisms. eserine concentration inhibiting 50% of ache activity (ic50) and inhibition kinetic parameters were also evaluated. interspecies ic50 differences were found to a ...	2002	11912052
expression, purification and dna-binding activity of tilapia muscle-specific transcription factor, myod, produced in escherichia coli.	myod is one of several helix-loop-helix proteins regulating muscle-specific gene expression. using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 5'-rapid cdna end amplification, and plaque hybridization, myod cdna was cloned from the mrna of tilapia dorsal skeletal muscle. the 1015 bp myod cdna product contained an 846 bp open reading frame with flanking regions of 115 and 64 bp at the 5'- and 3'-ends, respectively. results showed that the tilapia myod sequence, which includes one polypepti ...	2002	11923092
novel aeromonas hydrophila ppd134/91 genes involved in o-antigen and capsule biosynthesis.	the sequences of the o-antigen and capsule gene clusters of the virulent aeromonas hydrophila strain ppd134/91 were determined. the o-antigen gene cluster is 17,296 bp long and comprises 17 genes. seven pathway genes for the synthesis of rhamnose and mannose, six transferase genes, one o unit flippase gene, and one o-antigen chain length determinant gene were identified by amino acid sequence similarity. pcr and southern blot analysis were performed to survey the distribution of these 17 genes a ...	2002	11953367
[effect of bacterial infection on the lipid composition of carp blood lymphocytes].	the initial stage of bacterial infection is characterized by an increase in the level of total lipids and polyenoic fatty acids in membrane phospholipids of blood lymphocytes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). in the fish infected with aeromonads, changes in the ratios of fatty acids in phospholipids are similar for either lymphocytes, liver, or whole blood. the extent to which these changes are pronounced depends on the original physiological status of the fish.	2002	11962218
recombinant carp parvalbumin, the major cross-reactive fish allergen: a tool for diagnosis and therapy of fish allergy.	ige-mediated reactions to fish allergens represent one of the most frequent causes of food allergy. we have constructed an expression cdna library from carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle in phage lambda gt11 and used serum ige from a fish allergic patient to isolate 33 cdna clones that coded for two parvalbumin isoforms (cyp c 1.01 and cyp c 1.02) with comparable ige binding capacities. both isoforms represented calcium-binding proteins that belonged to the beta-lineage of parvalbumins. the cyp c 1.0 ...	2002	11971005
aquacultural and socio-economic aspects of processing carps into some value-added products.	carps are the mainstay of indian aquaculture, contributing over 90% to the total fish production, which was estimated to be 1.77 million metric tonnes in 1996. carp culture has a great potential for waste utilization and thus for pollution abatement. many wastes such as cow, poultry, pig, duck, goat, and sheep excreta, biogas slurry, effluents from different kinds of factories/industries have been efficiently used for enhancing the productivity of natural food of carps and related species. besid ...	2002	11991079
short-term responses of oryzias latipes (pisces: adrianichthyidae) and macrobrachium nipponense (crustacea: palaemonidae) to municipal and pharmaceutical waste water in beijing, china: survival, behaviour, biochemical biomarkers.	whole effluent toxicity was assessed for the fish oryzias latipes and the prawn macrobrachium nipponense for 18 h in a dilution series (0-66%) of the inflow and effluent of a municipal waste water treatment plant as well as waste water from a teramycin producing pharmaceutical industry, before, during and after a pilot laboratory purification process. the waste waters caused acute toxicity as measured by inhibition of light emission in the luminiscent bacterium vibrio qingaiensis sp. nov. (q67). ...	2002	11996134
combined effects of cadmium and composted manure to aquatic organisms.	to evaluate the interactive toxicity of cadmium (cd) and composted manure to aquatic organisms 96 h static bioassays were conducted in the laboratory with fry of common carp (cyprinus carpio), copepod (diaptomusforbesi) and oligochaete worm (branchiura sowerbyi). five concentrations of composted manure (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 6.7 g/l) were prepared from the aquatic weed, pistia stratiotes and each of them was combined with several concentrations of cd to determine 96 h lc-50 values of cd for the ...	2002	11999773
carp, a cardiac ankyrin-repeated protein, and its new homologue, arpp, are differentially expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, and rhabdomyosarcomas.	arpp, a protein containing an ankyrin repeat domain, pest sequence, and proline-rich region, is a novel ankyrin-repeated protein highly homologous to carp, which is proposed to be the putative genetic marker for cardiac hypertrophy. in this study, we comparatively analyzed expression of arpp and carp protein in skeletal and cardiac muscles and rhabdomyosarcomas (rmss). in adult skeletal muscle, arpp was preferentially expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of type i fibers, whereas carp was bare ...	2002	12000728
arpp, a new homolog of carp, is preferentially expressed in type 1 skeletal muscle fibers and is markedly induced by denervation.	in this study, we isolated and characterized a murine counterpart of the human arpp (harpp) gene. sequence analysis revealed that the murine arpp (marpp) gene is almost identical to the ankrd2 gene, which has recently been isolated as a mouse gene induced in stretched skeletal muscle. the marpp gene encodes a protein of 332 amino acids that contains four well-conserved ankyrin-repeat domains in the central portion of the protein. the amino acid sequence of marpp protein (marpp) is highly homolog ...	2002	12004005
vitellogenin induction in cyprinus carpio treated with 17beta-estradiol and 4-nonylphenol.	the aim of the present study was to demonstrate induction of vitellogenin in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) as a biomarker for monitoring freshwater ecosystems. sexually undifferentiated specimens of common carp were treated experimentally with 17beta-estradiol and increasing doses of 4-nonylphenol and levels of plasma vtg were measured in order to: 1) validate an elisa assay for plasma vtg in the common carp using the polyclonal rabbit anti-salmon vtg antibody aa1 (biosense, norway); 2) chec ...	2002	12004977
initial characteristics of koi herpesvirus and development of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the virus in koi, cyprinus carpio koi.	since 1998, episodes of mass mortality have occurred in populations of common carp cyprinus carpio carpio in israel and in populations of koi cyprinus carpio koi in israel and the usa. a herpesvirus isolated from infected fish has been shown in experimental studies to induce disease and mortality similar to those observed in outbreaks at infected farms. initial characteristics of the virus show that it is clearly different from herpesvirus cyprini (chv), the most commonly known herpesvirus from ...	2002	12005231
pcr-cloning and gene expression studies in common carp (cyprinus carpio) insulin-like growth factor-ii.	insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii) is a member of a growth factor family related to fetal growth in mammals but its physiological role has not been clearly identified in fish. in teleosts, the basic mechanism of the growth hormone (gh)-igf axis is known to be operative but in a different manner. for instance, igf-i exhibits gh dependence whereas for igf-ii, its gh dependence varies in different fish species. in this study, we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to obtain a common carp igf-i ...	2002	12020820
the immune responses of common carp, cyprinus carpio l., injected with carp interleukin-1beta gene.	the function of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) gene was studied by dna injection. to investigate the immune responses to il-1beta, a plasmid construct of cytomegalovirus (cmv)-driven carp il-1beta was injected into the epaxial muscle of carp. il-1beta protein expressed in serum on 1, 3, and 5 days after plasmid injection was quantified by elisa and immunohistochemistry. il1-beta gene injection increased proliferation of the lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin (ph ...	2002	12034023
nuclear transplantation of somatic cells of transgenic red carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus).	nuclear transplantation was performed using kidney cells, tail fin cells and cultured tail fin cells of 18th passage of the f4 hgh gene transferred red carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) as donors and the eggs of loach (misgurnus anguillicaudatus) of huanghe carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) as recipients. using loach unfertilized eggs as recipients 0.33% of reconstructed embryos developed in to neural plate from kidney cells, and 0.1% of reconstructed embryos developed in to muscular react ...	2002	12043567
cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, a negative regulator of cardiac gene expression, is augmented in human heart failure.	the technique of representational difference analysis of cdna has been applied to screen for differentially expressed genes in a canine model of pacing-induced heart failure. we identified the canine homolog of the cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) which has been shown to be involved in the regulation of the transcription of cardiac genes. to confirm the significance for human heart failure, cardiac tissue specimens obtained from non-failing donor hearts and from explanted hearts from patien ...	2002	12054667
differences between the european carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) and the coloured carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) in susceptibility to thelohanellus nikolskii (myxosporea) infection.	thelohanellus nikolskii infection of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) has been a common parasitosis in the central european fish farms since the first detection of the parasite about 20 years ago. this parasite, introduced from the far east, causes intensive infection on the fins of fingerlings of the carp subspecies cultured in europe (european carp, cyprinus carpio carpio). this infection of the common carp occurs in the hungarian fish farms every year. until the present study, this parasi ...	2002	12061236
flavobacterium columnare (flexibacter columnaris) associated with severe gill necrosis in koi carp (cyprinus carpio l).		2002	12074240
immunization of goldfish with excretory/secretory molecules of trypanosoma danilewskyi confers protection against infection.	trypanosoma danilewskyi is a protozoan that lives in blood and other tissues of fish. in the aquaculture industry, economic losses may be substantial, since the prevalence of infection may approach 100% and the parasite may cause significant mortality in farmed carp. most of the surviving fish acquire resistance after elimination of the primary infection. in this study, we examined whether protection against infection could be induced in naïve goldfish immunized with excretory-secretory (es) pro ...	2002	12074929
molecular variation of bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934 (cestoda: pseudophyllidea) in different fish host species based on its rdna sequences.	the molecular variation in bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934 from 11 species of freshwater fish collected in australia, china, the czech republic, england and hawaii was investigated by determining the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region. the length of the first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences of multiple individuals ranged from 553 to 571 bp and 553 to 615 bp, and the g + c content from 53.1 to 53.5%. the percentage sequence divergence vari ...	2002	12075148
high glucuronidation activity of environmental estrogens in the carp (cyprinus carpino) intestine.	many adverse effects on carp reproductive organs have been reported to be caused by exposure to environmental estrogens, such as nonylphenol and bisphenol a, which contaminate the aquatic environment. the glucuronidation activities of xenoestrogens (bisphenol a and diethylstilbestrol) and phytoestrogens (coumestrol, genistein and biochanin a), but not nonylphenol and octylphenol, were observed in microsomes prepared from carp organs. the highest levels of glucuronidation of environmental estroge ...	2002	12084386
molecular cloning of growth hormone encoding cdna of indian major carps by a modified rapid amplification of cdna ends strategy.	a modified rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) strategy has been developed for cloning highly conserved cdna sequences. using this modified method, the growth hormone (gh) encoding cdna sequences of labeo rohita, cirrhina mrigala and catla catla have been cloned, characterized and overexpressed in escherichia coli. these sequences show 96-98% homology to each other and are about 85% homologous to that of common carp. besides, an attempt has been made for the first time to describe a 3-d mode ...	2002	12089475
carp oil or oleic acid, but not linoleic acid or linolenic acid, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice.	i examined the effects of carp oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid on tumor growth and metastasis to the liver in mice implanted intrasplenically with highly metastatic lewis lung carcinoma (llc) tumors. carp oil (0.1 or 0.2 ml per mouse) significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis to the liver. carp oil at 100 or 1000 mg/l inhibited the dna synthesis in llc cells, the capillary-like tube formation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (hmvec) at 1000 mg/l and the a ...	2002	12097695
a proposed serotyping system for flavobacterium psychrophilum.	to develop a common serological system for rapid and routine identification of the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum.	2002	12100595
association of a new c-cbl related protein with the very first stages of apoptosis induction.	this study investigates the involvement of the c-cbl proto-oncogene during the first stages of the apoptotic process. we have already shown that a c-cbl aptotosis-related protein of 90 kda (carp 90) is detected very rapidly in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus of murine thymocytes after hydrocortisone (hc) treatment. we report here that this protein appeared as well after in vivo treatment of mice by gamma-irradiation or injection of anti-cd3 monoclonal antibody, two potent thymic apoptosi ...	2002	12102152
temperature plasticity of contractile proteins in fish muscle.	three myosin heavy chain isoforms with different actin-activated mg(2+)-atpase activities were found in the fast skeletal muscle from carp (cyprinus carpio) acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c. the composition of three types of myosin heavy chain was dependent on acclimation temperature, demonstrating the presence of temperature-specific myosin isoforms in carp. subsequently, the temperature-dependence of the sliding velocity of fluorescent f-actin in myosins isolated from 10 degrees c- and 30 deg ...	2002	12110657
modulation of gene expression in transgenic mouse hearts overexpressing calsequestrin.	calsequestrin (csq) is the major ca2+ binding protein of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr). transgenic mice overexpressing csq at the age of 7 weeks exhibit concentric cardiac hypertrophy, and by 13 weeks the condition progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy. the present study used a differential display analysis to identify genes whose expressions are modulated in the csq-overexpressing mouse hearts to provide information on the mechanism of transition from concentric cardiac hypertrophy to ...	2002	12127059
duckweed (lemna polyrhiza) leaf meal as a source of feedstuff in formulated diets for rohu (labeo rohita ham.) fingerlings after fermentation with a fish intestinal bacterium.	eight isonitrogenous (35% crude protein approximately) and isocaloric (4.2 kcal g(-1) approximately) diets were formulated including raw and fermented duckweed (lemna polyrhiza) leaf meal at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% levels. a particular bacterial strain (bacillus sp.) isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) intestine and having extracellular amylolytic, cellulolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activities was used for leaf meal fermentation for 15 days at 37 degrees c. the fibre content of leaf meal red ...	2002	12146637
morphology and life cycle of apatemon hypseleotris species novum from australia including metacercariae viability and excystment.	experimental infection of pigeon squabs and rats with encysted metacercariae from the western carp gudgeon (hypseleotris klunzingeri) showed them to be infected with a new strigeid trematode, apatemon hypseleotris. growth and development of a. hypseleotris in pigeons were significantly higher than in rats. eggs appeared in pigeon faeces within 7-14 days; miracidia hatched within 15-21 days and in the snail lymnaea tomentosa released within 21 days. cercariae experimentally encysted in the leeche ...	2002	12161969
effects of a parasite-induced nephritis on osmoregulation in the common carp cyprinus carpio.	carp cyprinus carpio infected with the haemoflagellate trypanoplasma borreli undergo progressive nephritis associated with a destruction of approx. 40% of the nephric tubules. in an attempt to analyse the effect of the nephritis on the osmoregulation of affected carp, the clinical chemical properties of plasma and urine samples were analysed. parasitised carp excreted greater amounts of electrolytes in their urine than uninfected carp which excreted highly diluted urine with an osmolality of abo ...	2002	12180703
first record of neoergasilus japonicus (poecilostomatoida: ergasilidae), a parasitic copepod new to the laurentian great lakes.	the parasitic copepod neoergasilus japonicus, native to eastern asia, was first collected from 4 species of fish (fathead minnow, pimephales promelas; largemouth bass, micropterus salmoides; pumpkinseed sunfish, lepomis gibbosus; and yellow perch, perca flavescens) in july 1994 in saginaw bay, lake huron, michigan. further sampling in the bay in 2001 revealed infections on 7 additional species (bluegill, lepomis macrochirus; carp, cyprinus carpio; channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus; goldfish, ...	2002	12197110
immunisation of indian major carps against aeromonas hydrophila by intraperitoneal injection.	the indian major carps catla catla, labeo rohita and cirrhinus mrigala were immunised against the potent bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas hydrophila by the intraperitoneal route, in field conditions. two different polyvalent antigen preparations namely, whole cell and extracellular products (ecp) were used. immunisation schedule consisting of a single booster dose given 28 days after priming resulted in a good agglutinating antibody response in the carps. kinetics of the response were similar ...	2002	12201649
a web-accessible complete transcriptome of normal human and dmd muscle.	we present an assessment of the complete transcriptome of human skeletal muscle in duchenne muscular dystrophy patient muscle and non-dystrophic controls (36 rnas analyzed from ten duchenne dystrophy and eight controls; approximately 65,000 gene/expressed sequence tag/probe sets queried on u95 five-genechip series and musclechip). the use of the multiple chip types allowed us to compare results from different probe sets for the same gene: we found excellent concordance between different probe se ...	2002	12206807
suppression in function of phagocytic cells in common carp cyprinus carpio l. injected with estradiol, progesterone or 11-ketotestosterone.	the modulation of phagocytic cells by beta-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, progesterone and cortisol was analysed in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). carp were injected intraperitoneally (1 and 5 microg/kg fish) with each steroid and the activity of kidney macrophages was recorded 1 and 3 days post-injection. bovine serum albumin-injected fish served as controls. phagocytosis, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production were suppressed in all sex steroid treatments, and the suppression was in ...	2002	12223196
immune modulation by fish kinetoplastid parasites: a role for nitric oxide.	trypanoplasma borreli and trypanosoma carassii are kinetoplastid parasites infecting cyprinid fish. we investigated the role of nitric oxide (no) in immune modulation during t. borreli and t. carassii infection of carp. phagocytic cells from different organs produced no and serum nitrate levels increased, demonstrating that t. borreli activates no production in vivo. in contrast, t. carassii did not induce no production in vivo and inhibited lps-induced no production in vitro. production of no w ...	2002	11817378
the combined use of chemical and biochemical markers to assess water quality in two low-stream rivers (ne spain).	carps (cyprinus carpio) and red swamp crayfish (procambarus clarkii) were sampled from two lowstream mediterranean rivers (anoia and cardener) receiving extensive urban and industrial waste water discharges. tissue residues of selected pollutants (organochlorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs)) were determined in conjunction with different biochemical responses (cytochrome p450, phase ii enzymes) with the aim of investigating whether resident organisms were responsive to ch ...	2002	12483808
a comparison of trace element concentrations in cultured and wild carp (cyprinus carpio) of lake kasumigaura, japan.	the concentrations of 13 elements were determined in the muscle, liver, intestine, kidney, and gonads of cultured and wild carp caught at two sites in lake kasumigaura, japan, between september 1994 and september 1995. despite having a reputation for being heavily polluted, the carp were not heavily burdened with metals. our results suggest that despite their dietary differences, the wild and cultured fish were accumulating and distributing metals in the same manner and that aquaculture practice ...	2002	12485577
ligula intestinalis--a tapeworm contraceptive.	human contraceptives are 'big business', but might the real breakthrough come out from the pharmaceutical industry but from a tapeworm? ligula intestinalis can induce infertility in infected fish of the carp family - both males and females. if the mechanism for this can be discovered, this humble flatworm could drastically change contraceptive practices with one pill for all.	2002	12486303
[estimation of the allergenicity of specialized canned baby food made from fish, vegetables, and grains].	the influence of consumption of rations containing canned baby foods from mirror carp and black sea mullet on severity of system anaphylactic reaction to model food allergen in rats was studied and the level of antibodies to proteins of black sea mullet, mirror carp, alaska pollack, trout and big head was determined in serum of infants, suffering from food allergy through immune-enzyme analysis.	2002	12522951
[genetic efficacy of low doses of ionizing radiation in chronically-irradiated small mammals].	earlier we have established the genetic effects of low dose chronic irradiation in bank vole (somatic and germ cells, embryos), in pond carp (fertilized eggs, embryos, fry) and in laboratory mice (somatic and germ cells) in the range of doses from near-background to 10 cgy. these low dose effects observed in mammals and fish are not expected from extrapolation of high dose experiments. for understanding reasons this discrepancy the comparative analysis of genetic efficiency of low dose chronic i ...	2002	12530144
accumulation and loss of lindane in the muscles, liver and brain of some freshwater fish after intoxication with gamacarbatox suspension.	experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions on young specimens of carassius carassius l., cyprinus carpio l. and on adult specimens of leucaspius delineatus haeckel. the fish were subjected to a 30-day exposure to gamacarbatox suspension in a dose of 0.5 mg 1-1, containing 10% of lindane as active substance. directly after the experiment on day 30, and then 40 and 50, lindane content was assessed in the muscles, liver and brain using the method of gas chromatography with an electron c ...	2002	12533964
altered expression of cardiac ankyrin repeat protein and its homologue, ankyrin repeat protein with pest and proline-rich region, in atrophic muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, carp, is a protein that is restrictedly expressed in the heart but barely expressed in skeletal muscles. since carp is induced by pressure overload to the heart, it is proposed to be a genetic marker for cardiac hypertrophy. we recently identified a novel protein, ankyrin repeat protein with pest and proline-rich region (arpp), which is homologous to carp and is preferentially expressed in type 1 skeletal muscle fibers (cf. slow fibers). we also found that both ar ...	2002	12679596
immunohistochemical study of the endocrine cells in the pancreas of the carp, cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae).	the regional distribution and relative frequency of some endocrine cells in the pancreas of the carp, cyprinus carpio linnaeus, belonging to the family cyprinidae in the order cypriniformes, were observed using specific mammalian antisera against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (hpp) by peroxidase antiperoxidase (pap) method. the pancreas was divided into four regions (principal and secondary islets, exocrine and pancreatic duct regions). in addition, the pancrea ...	2002	12819380
occurrence of monogenea in italian freshwater fish (po river basin).	sixteen monogenean species were found on the skin and gills of 10 different fish species collected from north italian water bodies. cleidodiscus pricei from ictalurus melas; dactylogyrus alatus from alburnus alburnus; d. anchoratus, d. formosus and d. vastator from carassius carassius; d. difformis from scardinius erythrophthalmus; d. rutili from rutilus aula; d. tincae and gyrodactylus gasterostei from tinca tinca; d. ergensi from leuciscus cephalus and telestes muticellus; d. vistulae and para ...	2002	12701382
cyclic amp-receptor proteins in human salivary glands.	in mammalian species, cyclic amp receptor proteins (carp) are the regulatory (r) subunits of cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka), the cellular effector of cyclic amp-mediated signal transduction. an isoform of the pka type ii r subunit (rii), carp, is a polyfunctional protein, present in most tissues and cells. it is expressed in salivary and other glands of rodents, and secreted into the saliva of rats and man. the aim of the present study was to determine the expression of carp in human ...	2002	14566599
[postmortem changes and the anatomico-histologic structure of some organs of the carp].		2002	130762
[organoleptic and microbiological examination of suffocated carp stored under various conditions].	a process of dead market carp deterioration was studied in relation to conditions of the environment and the fish treatment by organoleptic and microbiological methods. a scheme is presented for fish assessment according to the symptoms of deterioration and the limits of carp storability under the given conditions of storing are determined. the results of the microbiological examination were not in keeping with the degree of deterioration of the fish.	2002	117603
comparative activities of glycogen phosphorylase and gamma-amylase in livers of carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus).	1. the activity of glycogen phosphorylase in goldfish liver is fivefold greater than that in carp liver, suggesting that the enzyme may not be as important in regulating glycogenolysis in the latter species. 2. the activity of gamma-amylase is comparable in carp and goldfish liver. 3. the activity of hepatic gamma-amylase is approximately one-half that of glycogen phosphorylase in carp whereas in goldfish, the activity of gamma-amylase is less than one-sixth that of phosphorylase. hepatic gamma- ...	2002	122584
effects of aspartate and glutamate on the bipolar cells in the carp retina.		2002	166508
[effect of adrenaline, glucagon and insulin on glucose metabolism in carp: influence of temperature].	in carps living since 4 months at 6, 20 or 30 degrees c, epinephrine or glucagon injections produce increase in plasma glucose but affect only slightly liver glycogen: lower is the temperature, slower and longer are the effect. insulin injection induces more or less delayed hypoglycaemia according to temperature acclimatization; decrease in blood glucose is accompanied by a slight increase of glycogen in all tissues at 6 degrees c and on the contrary by a very strong depletion of this polysaccha ...	2002	126734
production of transgenic silver sea bream (sparus sarba) by different gene transfer methods.	we have been interested in developing convenient mass gene transfer methods for producing strains of silver sea bream (sparus sarba) with superior genetic traits for aquaculture. a transgene construct carrying rainbow trout growth hormone (rtgh) complementary dna driven by a common carp b-actin promoter was introduced into silver sea bream by electroporating the sperm with the rtgh transgene and using the treated sperm to fertilize eggs stripped from mature females. the presence of the gh transg ...	2002	14961266
specific binding of the endocytosis tracer horseradish peroxidase to intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (i-fabp) in apical membranes of carp enterocytes.	in a previous study we had demonstrated that a 15-kda protein present in carp intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles (bbmv) was able to bind the endocytosis tracer horseradish peroxidase (hrp) with high specificity. here we show that this protein corresponds to a peripheral membrane protein, identified by partial amino acid sequence analysis as the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (i-fabp), a member of the small cytosolic fatty acid binding protein family (fabps). the presence of i-fabp ...	2002	12410603
spectrophotometric determination of carp vitellogenin using a sequential injection analysis technique equipped with a jet ring cell.	a sequential injection analysis (sia) technique, in which antibody-immobilized microbeads were transferred to a jet ring (jr) cell, was used in determination of carp vitellogenin (vg). the determination is based on a sandwich immunoassay in which two types of reactions between anti carp vg antibodies and carp vg are used. namely, the antibody for the first reaction step was immobilized on microbeads (sephadex beads), and an antibody labeled with a horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was used in the sec ...	2002	18968848
a novel functional class i lineage in zebrafish (danio rerio), carp (cyprinus carpio), and large barbus (barbus intermedius) showing an unusual conservation of the peptide binding domains.	species from all major jawed vertebrate taxa possess linked polymorphic class i and ii genes located in an mhc. the bony fish are exceptional with class i and ii genes located on different linkage groups. zebrafish (danio rerio), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and barbus (barbus intermedius) represent highly divergent cyprinid genera. the genera danio and cyprinus diverged 50 million years ago, while cyprinus and barbus separated 30 million years ago. in this study, we report the first complete ...	2002	12165519
distribution of gfap immunoreactive structures in the rhombencephalon of the sterlet (acipenser ruthenus) and its evolutionary implication.	previous studies have revealed that although the brains of cypriniform teleosts (iberian barb, barbus comiza; carp, cyprinus carpio; goldfish, carassius auratus) are rich in glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), they have, however, areas devoid of gfap immunoreactivity. the largest ones of these are in the rhombencephalon, e.g., the zones of the sensory and motor neurons in the vagal lobe. our studies in amniotes suggested that the gfap immunonegative areas could be characteristic of the more ...	2002	12210122
fibroin-like substance is a major component of the outer layer of fertilization envelope via which carp egg adheres to the substratum.	seven cdna encoding silkworm fibroin homologues were cloned from a carp ovarian cdna library. the encoded proteins are denoted as carp ovarian fibroin-like substances (fls). fls contain a repetitive domain consisting of tandem repeats of dipeptide of gly-x, where x may be any amino acid. each fls has its own unique repeating sequence, such as gqgagqgs, gqgmgqgm, grgqgeghgs, and gfgfgqgs, indicating a family of fls genes exists in carp. fls is exclusively expressed in oocytes and is stored in cor ...	2002	12112605
survival of f2 transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio) containing prsvrtgh1 complementary dna when subjected to low dissolved oxygen.	the survival and tolerance of f2 transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio) containing prsvrtgh1 complementary dna were compared with nontransgenic (control) common carp when subjected to low dissolved oxygen. the tolerance of low oxygen was evaluated in 8 families of common carp in rectangular tanks (3 x 1 x 1 m). the absolute mean percentage of survival of transgenic common carp subjected to low oxygen (0.4 mg/l) was higher (p <0.05) than that of control carp in 2 of the 8 families of common car ...	2002	14961265
functional analysis of the proximal promoter regions of fish rhodopsin and myf-5 genes using transgenesis.	little is known about the cis-acting elements controlling transcriptional activities of fish rhodopsin and myf-5 genes. transgenic medaka and zebrafish were used to characterize promoters of carp (cyprinus carpio) rhodopsin gene (crh) and zebrafish (danio rerio) myf-5 gene (myf-5), respectively. transgenic medaka carrying different lengths of crh upstream fragments fused with enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp) gene revealed several functional regions. both upstream regions from -1261 to ...	2002	14961258
effect of rainbow trout growth hormone complementary dna on body shape, carcass yield, and carcass composition of f1 and f2 transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the effect of rainbow trout growth hormone complementary dna on body shape, dress-out yield, and body composition were assessed in the f1 and f2 generations of transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio). all measurements were compared with those for nontransgenic full-sibling common carp in their respective families, and the fish were communally evaluated in earthen ponds. the body weight and length were highly correlated (p <0.01) in both genotypes in all the families. head morphometrics were neg ...	2002	14961235
impact of cadmium on food utilization of the indian major carp, catla catla (ham).	catla catla, under the sublethal stress of cadmium exhibited depletion in food utilization parameters and it was concentration dependent. heavy metal intoxication was found to exhibit reduction in biomass.	2002	12602860
the toxicity of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate to the fish, catla catla (hamilton).	the acute toxicity of unionized ammonia; nitrite and nitrate to the indian major carp catla catla (hamilton) was determined using static and continuous flow through systems for 24 hours. the median lethal concentration (lc50) values for 24 h of ammonia (nh3-n), nitrite (no2-n) and nitrate (no3-n) were 0.045 mg/l, 120.84 mg/l and 1565.43 mg/l in static test respectively and were 0.036 mg/l, 117.43 mg/l and 1484.08 mg/l in continuous flow through test respectively.	2002	12602850
evidence for presence of gaba-ergic receptor mediated dispersion in isolated scale melanophores of a carp, cirrhinus mrigala ham.	effects of gaba-ergic agonists and antagonists were examined on the melanophores of a carp c. mrigala in vitro. gaba and baclofen both induced concentration - related dispersion in fish melanophores. denervation of the melanophores by reserpine treatment potentiated the sensitivity of the melanophores to gaba. while denervation by cooling treatment inhibited the sensitivity of the melanophores to gaba, atropine, bicuculline and pentylenetetrazole all inhibited the dispersal responses of the mela ...	2002	12561974
responses of isolated scale melanophores of a fresh water carp, cirrhinus mrigala (ham.) to zidovudine.	zidovudine (azt) induced concentration related aggregation in c. mrigala melanophores. denervated melanophores failed to respond to azt. specific and nonspecific alpha adrenoceptor antagonists completely blocked the responses of fish melanophores to azt. histamine and prostaglandin antagonists also inhibited aggregation of the melanophores induced by azt. the results suggest that azt may release a mixture of neurotransmitter like substances, which cause the aggregation of this fish melanophores.	2002	12561973
screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage and heartbeat beginning stage in embryogenesis of gynogenetic silver crucian carp.	a systemic study was initiated to identify stage-specific expression genes in fish embryogenesis by using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) technique. in this study, we presented a preliminary result on screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage (tbs) and heartbeat beginning stage (hbs) in gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). two ssh plasmid libraries specific for tbs embryos and hbs embryos were constructed, and stage-specific expression ...	2002	12118939
toxicity of chloroanilines and effects on superoxide dismutase activities in serum of crucian carp (carassius auratus).		2002	12068927
reproduction mode of an artificial allotetraploid carp (pisces; cyprinidae).	mature eggs of allotetraploid carp were activated by inactive sperm or crossed with normal sperms of common carp (cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (carassius auratus), chinese blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala), hemiculter leucisculus and pseudorasbora parva. chromosome counts showed that all offspring of these crosses presented a mode number of 200 chromosomes (4n = 200), and their morphological traits are much like maternal. microsatelite marker and rapd patterns between allotetraploid ...	2002	12627840
[genetic analysis on diversity of reproductive modes of silver crucian carp inferred by transferrin and isozyme markers].	silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) has been known for its gynogenetic reproduction. in this paper, eggs from clone f of gynogenetic silver crucian carp were inseminated respectively by sperms of clone d, clone a and common carp, and polymorphic patterns of transferrin and isozymes of the produced three offspring fd, fa and fl were studied comparatively to explore the diversity in reproductive modes of silver crucian carp. as control, zymograms of fl progenies exhibited a maternally ...	2002	15346982
role of neck region in the thermal aggregation of myosin.	carp dorsal myosin formed oligomers that retained atpase activity upon heating. cleavage of the oligomeric myosin at subfragment-1 (s-1)/rod junction released monomeric s-1 and rod, indicating that atpase retaining myosin associated near the s-1/rod junction. the digest also contained rod oligomers. heating a mixture of s-1 and rod generated neither atpase retaining s-1 oligomers nor rod oligomers. electron microscopic observation of the heated myosin revealed that some oligomers were formed by ...	2002	11754567
corticosteroids affect the testicular androgen production in male common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	our previous experiments to study the effect of stress adaptation on pubertal development in carp showed that repeated temperature stress and prolonged feeding with cortisol-containing food pellets, which mimics the endocrine stress effects, retarded the first waves of spermatogenesis and decreased 11-ketotestosterone (11kt) plasma levels. the objective of the present study was to investigate whether the decrease in plasma 11kt is caused by a direct effect of cortisol on the steroid-producing ca ...	2002	11751271
cytotoxic t cell function in fish.	fish possess immunoglobulins, major histocompatibility complex (mhc), t-cell receptors, and lymphocyte populations analogous to b and t cells and can evoke specific immune responses against a variety of antigens. however, t-cell subsets have yet to be demonstrated and the information on cell-mediated immunity is limited. here we briefly review our recent studies on specific cell-mediated immunity, particularly on cytotoxic t-cell function employing isogeneic fish and cell lines. analyses of the ...	2002	11696378
stress response to waterborne cu during early life stages of carp, cyprinus carpio.	following in vitro fertilization, eggs/embryos and larvae of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to 0 (control), 0.3 or 0.8 micromol.l(-1) cu in artificially prepared fresh water for 168 h. the total amounts of cu, na, ca, adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and cortisol were measured in homogenates of eggs (up to 60 h post fertilization, hpf), isolated embryos (between 60 hpf and hatching) and free-swimming larvae. only in embryos of e ...	2002	11792433
on the interaction between voltage-gated conductances and ca(2+) regulation mechanisms in retinal horizontal cells.	the horizontal cell is a second-order retinal neuron that is depolarized in the dark and responds to light with graded potential changes. in such a nonspiking neuron, not only the voltage-gated ionic conductances but also ca(2+) regulation mechanisms, e.g., the na(+)/ca(2+) exchange and the ca(2+) pump, are considered to play important roles in generating the voltage responses. to elucidate how these physiological mechanisms interact and contribute to generating the responses of the horizontal c ...	2002	11784740
a novel isoform of vertebrate ancient opsin in a smelt fish, plecoglossus altivelis.	vertebrate ancient (va) opsin of nonvisual pigment in fishes was reported to exist in two isoforms, i.e., short and long variants with an unusual predicted amino acid sequence length compared to vertebrate visual opsins. here we cloned an isoform (pal-vam) of va opsin showing the usual opsin length in addition to the long type isoform (pal-val) from a smelt fish, plecoglossus altivelis. pal-vam and pal-val were composed of 346 and 387 amino acids, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences o ...	2002	11779166
a metabotropic glutamate receptor regulates transmitter release from cone presynaptic terminals in carp retinal slices.	the role of group iii metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) in photoreceptor-h1 horizontal cell (hc) synaptic transmission was investigated by analyzing the rate of occurrence and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sepscs) in h1 hcs uncoupled by dopamine in carp retinal slices. red light steps or the application of 100 microm cobalt reduced the sepsc rate without affecting their peak amplitude, which is consistent with hyperpolarization or the suppression of ca(2+) en ...	2002	11773238
effects of iron sulfate dosage on the water flea (daphnia magna straus) and early development of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	adult water fleas, daphnia magna straus, and the early life stages of carp, cyprinus carpio l., were exposed to river water near an iron sulfate dosage installation to determine the effects of phosphate precipitation with iron(ii)sulfate. tests were conducted during two consecutive dosage periods of 3,000 and 5,000 kg/day iron sulfate (520 and 620 microg/l total fe respectively) at the dosage site and at a reference site (60 microg/l total fe) further downstream. though survival remained unaffec ...	2002	11815809
selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in california.	selenium contamination represents one of the few clear cases where environmental pollution has led to devastation of wildlife populations, most notably in agricultural drainage evaporation and power plant coal-fly ash receiving ponds. complex biogeochemistry, in particular extensive biotransformations and foodchain transfer, governs se ecotoxicology and toxicology, for which the mechanism(s) are still elusive. however, total waterborne se concentration has been widely used as a criterion for reg ...	2002	11879939
solution structures of a 30-residue amino-terminal domain of the carp granulin-1 protein and its amino-terminally truncated 3-30 subfragment: implications for the conformational stability of the stack of two beta-hairpins.	carp granulins are members of an emerging class of proteins with a sequence motif encoding a parallel stack of two to four beta-hairpins. the carp granulin-1 protein forms a stack of four beta-hairpins, whereas its amino-terminal fragment appears to adopt a very stable stack of two beta-hairpins in solution. here we determined a refined three-dimensional structure of this peptide fragment to examine potential conformational changes compared with the full-length protein. the structures were calcu ...	2002	11870861
the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on macrophage respiratory burst and biotransformation activities in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the sensitivity of phagocytic cell function as a bioindicator of pollution stress by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l). the time course response of the head-kidney macrophage respiratory burst was measured 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of a prototypical cyp 1a inducer (3-methylcholanthrene). this immune activity was compared to the rate of induction of total cytochrome p450, ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase activity (erod) a ...	2002	11866128
[ph of the gill micro-environment of cyprinus carpio and its effect on the desorption of adsorbed cu].	ph and co2 content differences between fish(cyprinus carpio) gills micro-environment and the ambient environment were investigated using the technique developed by playle. the effect of the ph change on elutriation of copper sorbed on gibbsite was also studied in view of possible desorption of the metal within the gill micro-environment. it was found that there was no ph difference around ph 8.0 and 0.2-0.4 unit difference was observed between the gills' inspired and the expired water when the a ...	2002	11962309
effects of primary exposure to environmental and natural estrogens on vitellogenin production in carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes.	vitellogenin (vtg) is a precursor of the yolk proteins lipovitelline and phosvitin and is synthesized as a consequence of estrogen-dependent gene expression in female and male hepatocytes of egg-laying vertebrates. freshly isolated carp hepatocytes of a genetically uniform strain of adult male carp (cyprinus carpio) were used to investigate the effects of primary exposure to estrogenic compounds on the vitellogenic response to xenoestrogens. isolated carp hepatocytes were first exposed (primary ...	2002	11961218
detection of cytogenetic alterations and blood cell changes in natural populations of carp.	a field study was conducted to investigate the appearance of alterations in the peripheral blood cells of wild populations of fish. two aspects were evaluated: the appearance of cytogenetic effects, measured as increases on micronuclei frequencies, and the appearance of haematological effects by checking changes in the relative proportion of the different blood cell types. for this purpose common carp (cyprinus carpio) were caught from four areas along a spanish river. three areas were located u ...	2002	11895014
hematological effects of high dose of cortisol on the carp (cyprinus carpio l.): cortisol effect on the carp blood.	the level of circulating cortisol and peripheral blood parameters were determined in carp age 2 years (k(2)) 24, 72, and 216 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of a high dose (200 mg x kg(-1) body wt) of hydrocortisone. the most striking effect of cortisol was manifest as a significant change in the percentage composition of leukocytes, whose number per unit volume of blood remained relatively constant. a profound lymphopenia and eosinopenia were compensated for in the general balance by ...	2002	11884063
copper speciation and accumulation in the gill microenvironment of carp ( cyprinus carpio) in the presence of kaolin particles.	carp were exposed to copper adsorbed on kaolin particles at various concentrations (0-2.4 mg/l), and net accumulation due to elevated adsorbed copper in the surrounding water was observed. copper speciation in the water and fish gill microenvironment was modeled in the presence and absence of kaolin using a chemical speciation program (minteqa2). the adsorption affinity constants of kaolin for copper at various ph values used in the speciation calculations were experimentally determined, and the ...	2002	11910461
activation of carp leukocytes by a galactose-binding protein from aphanomyces piscicida.	this study demonstrated that a galactose-binding protein (gbp) produced by a fish pathogenic water mold, aphanomyces piscicida, activates carp leukocytes. leukocytes were separated from the head kidney and peripheral blood using percoll density centrifugation. a flow cytometric analysis revealed that gbp binds with many cells and a variety of cell types including lymphocytes, granulocytes and thrombocytes. intracellular calcium flux of the peripheral blood leukocytes induced by stimulation with ...	2002	11906725
speciation and bioavailability of edta complexed copper in the microenvironment of fish gills.	carp were exposed to a synthetic solution with varied concentrations of cu-edta and constant levels of other copper species and the amount of copper accumulated in the fish gills was measured. the distributions of copper species in both the bulk solution and the fish gill microenvironment were modeled using minteqa2. under experimental conditions without edta, cu(oh)2 was the most dominant species in the bulk solution while cu-mucus dominated the gill microenvironment. when cu-edta was added to ...	2002	11929072
influence of hyperosmotic shrinkage and beta-adrenergic stimulation on red blood cell volume regulation and oxygen binding properties in rainbow trout and carp.	whole blood from rainbow trout and carp was subjected to hyperosmotic shock and subsequent beta-adrenergic stimulation (isoprenaline) at different oxygen tension ( po(2)) and carbon dioxide tension ( pco(2)) levels with the aim to evaluate changes in red blood cell (rbc) volume, ph and ion concentrations and their ultimate effect on blood o(2) transport characteristics. hyperosmolality (addition of nacl) induced rbc shrinkage, which was followed by a regulatory volume increase (rvi) that was lar ...	2002	11919706
cardiorespiratory responses of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) to severe hypoxia at three acclimation temperatures.	in vivo measurements of the cardiovascular responses of anoxia-tolerant teleosts to severe prolonged hypoxia are limited. here, we report the first direct measurements of cardiac output (q), heart rate (f(h)) and stroke volume during prolonged severe hypoxia (<0.3 mg o(2) l(-1)) in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) that had been acclimated to 6, 10 and 15 degrees c. while routine q and f(h) values varied with temperature under normoxic conditions (q(10) values of 1.7 and 2.6, respectively), sever ...	2002	11914384
seasonal short-term effects of naltrexone on lh secretion in male carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	in order to evaluate the influence of the season (the stage of gonad maturity) on the modulatory role of endogenous opioid peptides in lh secretion in fish, sexually mature male carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were intravenously injected with naltrexone-opioid receptor antagonist (5 or 50 microg kg(-1)) in the period of natural spawning (june) or gonad recrudescence (december). moreover, the possible involvement of the dopaminergic system was studied in fish pre-treated with pimozide (dopamine recepto ...	2002	11912062
effect of tributyltin on adenylate content and enzyme activities of teleost sperm: a biochemical approach to study the mechanisms of toxicant reduced spermatozoa motility.	the effects of tributyltin (tbt) on the energy metabolism and motility of fish spermatozoa were investigated in vitro in african catfish and common carp. a significant (p<0.05) decrease of the duration and the intensity of motility was observed in catfish spermatozoa exposed to 0.27 microg/l tbt for 24 h. exposure of catfish spermatozoa to 2.7-27 microg/l tbt caused an instant decrease in atp content. in the presence of 27 microg/l tbt approximately 55% of the initial atp concentration in catfis ...	2002	11912058
gluconeogenic enzyme gene expression is decreased by dietary carbohydrates in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gilthead seabream (sparus aurata).	our objective is to understand the low metabolic utilization of dietary carbohydrates in fish. we compared the regulation of gluconeogenic enzymes at a molecular level in two fish species, the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gilthead seabream (sparus aurata), known to be relatively tolerant to dietary carbohydrates. after cloning of partial cdna sequences for three key gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase), fructose biphosphatase (fbpase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( ...	2002	12401217