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[dynamic expressions of il-22 and hepatic stellate cells senescence in mice infected with schistosoma japonicum].to investigate the dynamic expressions of interleukin-22 (il-22) , interleukin-22 receptor 1 (il-22r1), and hepatic stellate cells (hsc) senescence in mice with schistosoma japonicum infection.201425051830
[expression characteristics of microrna in mice with schistosomiasis and praziquantel treatment].to investigate the expression characteristics of mir-155 and mir-146a in mice with schistosomiasis and praziquantel (pzq) treatment.201425051829
[cloning and expression of schistosoma japonicum vcp gene and its mrna expression levels in different stages].to prokaryotically express the valosin-containing protein (vcp) of schistosoma japonicum, and analyze its vcp mrna expressions in the cercaria, schistosomulum, adult worm (female and male worms) and egg.201425051828
schistosoma japonicum infection induces macrophage polarization.the role of macrophages (mφ) as the first line of host defense is well accepted. these cells play a central role in orchestrating crucial functions during schistosomal infection. thus, understanding the functional diversity of these cells in the process of infection as well as the mechanisms underlying these events is crucial for developing disease control strategies. in this study, we adopted a mφ polarization recognition system. m1 macrophage was characterized by expressing cd16/32, il-12 and ...201425050114
characterisation of a secretory serine protease inhibitor (sjb6) from schistosoma japonicum.proteins belonging to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily play essential physiological roles in many organisms. in pathogens, serpins are thought to have evolved specifically to limit host immune responses by interfering with the host immune-stimulatory signals. serpins are less well characterised in parasitic helminths, although some are thought to be involved in mechanisms associated with host immune modulation. in this study, we cloned and partially characterised a secretory se ...201425023829
[surveillance and forecast system of schistosomiasis in jiangsu province. vi. detection technology of water infectivity based on enrichment of schistosoma japonicum cercariae on water surface].to explore the enrichment technique of schistosoma japonicum cercariae on the water surface, so as to establish a new method combined with the existing technology to detect the cercarial infested water body quickly and sensitively.201425782246
[surveillance and risk assessment system of schistosomiasis in jiangsu province. i. distribution of surveillance site and effectiveness of the system].to establish the surveillance and risk assessment system of schistosomiasis in jiangsu province, so as to provide technical support for timely understanding of the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and implementation of targeted control measures.201425782245
efficacy and safety of different dosages of praziquantel for the treatment of schistosoma japonicum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.praziquantel, an antischistosomal compound, is used as first-line drug for chemotherapy of schistosoma japonicum since 1984. in this article, we conducted a systematic review and mete-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different dosages of praziquantel (pzq) for treatment of schistosoma japonicum.201425558390
[influence of kaempferol on tgf-β1/smads signal path in liver tissue of mice with schistosoma japonicum infection].to investigate the influence of kaempferol on transforming growth factor(tgf-β1/smads signal tiransduction in liver tissue of mice with schistosomiasis liver fibrosis.201425507736
[clinical manifestations and treatment of schistosomiasis hematobia].schistosomiasis hematobia is one major human schistosomiasis. the disease is endemic in africa and mediterra- nean region, and is the main cause of urogenital diseases. although only schistosoma japonicum is spreading across the mainland china, now more schistosomiasis hematobia cases are reported among aid projects and migrant workers to africa, with the economy development and the increasing degree of foreign exchanges. meanwhile, the relevant clinical data of.schistosomiasis hematobia are rar ...201425507728
the anterior esophageal region of schistosoma japonicum is a secretory organ.the esophagus of blood-feeding schistosomes has been largely neglected although its posterior portion was designated as a gland decades ago. however, we recently showed it plays a pivotal role in blood processing. it is clearly demarcated into anterior and posterior compartments, both surrounded by a mass of cell bodies. feeding movies revealed that erythrocytes accumulate in the anterior compartment before entering the posterior, indicating that a distinct process is executed there. we therefor ...201425490864
pilot study on interferon-γ-producing t cell subsets after the protective vaccination with radiation-attenuated cercaria of schistosoma japonicum in the miniature pig model.clawn miniature pig has been shown to serve as a suitable host for the experimental infection of schistosoma japonicum. in this study, we found that radiation-attenuated cercaria (rac) vaccine gave clawn miniature pigs protective immunity against subsequent challenge infection with s. japonicum cercaria. to characterize the protective immune response of the pig model vaccinated by attenuated cercaria, flow cytometric analysis of the reactive t cell subsets was performed. the intracellular interf ...201425473375
hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha regulates autophagy to activate hepatic stellate cells.the role of autophagy in hif-1α modulated activation of hepatic stellate cells was illustrated in current work. autophagy markers were determined in livers of schistosoma japonicum infected mice and hypoxia or lps treated human hepatic stellate cell, lx-2 cells. the action of hif-1 to autophagy was defined as increase of autophagy markers was significantly suppressed in hif-1α sirna transfected cells upon hypoxia or lps stimulation. the function of autophagy in activation of lx-2 cells was asses ...201425450397
[protective effect of fangyouling on schistosoma japonicum infection].to evaluate the protective effect of fangyouling (extracted from herb) on schistosomajaponicum infection in the field.201425434157
[influence of kaempferol on tgf-β1/smads signal path in liver tissue of mice with schistosoma japonicum infection].to investigate the influence of kaempferol on transforming growth factor(tgf-β1/smads signal tiransduction in liver tissue of mice with schistosomiasis liver fibrosis.201425434138
[clinical manifestations and treatment of schistosomiasis hematobia].schistosomiasis hematobia is one major human schistosomiasis. the disease is endemic in africa and mediterra- nean region, and is the main cause of urogenital diseases. although only schistosoma japonicum is spreading across the mainland china, now more schistosomiasis hematobia cases are reported among aid projects and migrant workers to africa, with the economy development and the increasing degree of foreign exchanges. meanwhile, the relevant clinical data of.schistosomiasis hematobia are rar ...201425434130
[establishment of archives of schistosoma japonicum antibody indirect hemagglutination tests].to establish written and electronic archives of schistosoma japonicum antibody indirect hemagglutination (iha) tests.201425345170
[assessment of schistosomiasis endemic situation in national surveillance sites in hubei province from 2005 to 2010].to assess the schistosomiasis endemic situation in the national surveillance sites in hubei province, so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.201425345149
site-selective protein immobilization by covalent modification of gst fusion proteins.the immobilization of functional proteins onto solid supports using affinity tags is an attractive approach in recent development of protein microarray technologies. among the commonly used fusion protein tags, glutathione s-transferase (gst) proteins have been indispensable tools for protein-protein interaction studies and have extensive applications in recombinant protein purification and reversible protein immobilization. here, by utilizing pyrimidine-based small-molecule probes with a sulfon ...201425340706
evaluating the effect of a novel molluscicide in the endemic schistosomiasis japonica area of china.oncomelania hupensis is the sole intermediate host snail of schistosoma japonicum in china. snail control by molluscicide remains one of the most effective measures of schistosomiasis japonica control. a 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (wpn) is widely used for snail control in china. however, wpn is costly and toxic to fish. a novel molluscicide named lds, the salt of quinoid-2', 5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide from niclosamide, has been developed. to evaluate the effects ...201425310539
cloning, expression and characterization of protein disulfide isomerase of schistosoma japonicum.the excretory/secretory (es) proteins of schistosomes play important roles in modulating host immune systems and are regarded as potential vaccine candidates and drug targets. protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) is an essential enzyme that is involved in disulfide bond formation and rearrangement. in the present study, sjpdi, a 52.8 kda protein previously identified in a proteomics analysis as one of the es proteins of schistosoma japonicum, was cloned and characterized. western blot analysis show ...201425300760
[distribution characteristics of deposited eggs and pathological changes in viscera of new zealand white rabbits infected with schistosoma japonicum at different time].to study the distribution characteristics of deposited eggs and pathological changes in the viscera of animal infected with schistosoma japonicum at different time.201425856889
[preliminary studies on effect of polysaccharides from tegillarca granosa as an adjuvant on dna vaccine against schistosoma japonicum infection].to discuss the effect of polysaccharides from tegillarca granosa as an adjuvant on pcdna3.1-sj26gst vaccine against schistosoma japonicum infection.201425856888
maternal infection with schistosoma japonicum induces a profibrotic response in neonates.the global burden of schistosomiasis is significant, with fibrosis a major associated morbidity and the primary cause of mortality. we have previously shown that schistosomiasis during pregnancy upregulates proinflammatory cytokines in the cord blood. in this study, we extend these findings to include a large panel of fibrosis-associated markers. we developed a multiplex bead-based assay to measure the levels of 35 proteins associated with fibrosis. cord blood from 109 neonates born to mothers r ...201424166958
dihydroartemisinin: a new story of an old drug against schistosoma mansoni infection.currently, praziquantel is the drug of choice for the treatment of human schistosoma mansoni infections. it has not been proved until now that there is real praziquantel resistance, but there is decreased praziquantel sensitivity. a search for novel antischistosomal agents against the parasite has been given a high priority. dihydroartemisinin, formerly identified as an antimalarial drug, has been shown to be active against both schistosoma japonicum and s. mansoni in mice. interestingly, dihydr ...201424146209
is there a reduced sensitivity of dihydroartemisinin against praziquantel-resistant schistosoma japonicum?praziquantel is currently the only drug of choice for the treatment of human schistosomiases. however, it has been proved that schistosoma japonicum subjected to drug pressure may develop resistance to praziquantel. to evaluate the efficacy of dihydroartemisinin against praziquantel-resistant s. japonicum, mice infected with a praziquantel-resistant isolate and a praziquantel-susceptible isolate of s. japonicum were treated with dihydroartemisinin at a single oral dose of 300 mg/kg given once on ...201424146208
distribution of lethal giant larvae (lgl) protein in the tegument and negative impact of sirna-based gene silencing on worm surface structure and egg hatching in schistosoma japonicum.lethal giant larvae (lgl) are an evolutionarily conserved tumor suppressor present in fungi and animals. it plays an essential role in establishing apical-basal cell polarity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue organization. here, we report the presence of lgl gene in the blood fluke schistosoma japonicum (sjlgl) (genbank: kf246684). sjlgl protein was mainly distributed in the unique surface tegument structure by immunofluorescence microscopic staining. using a simple soaking method ...201424096609
effect of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 on cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t cells in murine schistosomiasis japonica.in a previous study we demonstrated that cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t cells (tregs) contributed to the escape of schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) from the host's immune responses. in this paper, we studied the effect of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (ctla-4) on cd4(+)cd25(+) tregs in murine schistosomiasis japonica and its corresponding role in the immune evasion of s. japonicum in mice. the results showed substantial reductions of worm burden and egg production in worm groups tr ...201424269199
towards improved diagnosis of neglected zoonotic trematodes using a one health approach.reaching the goal of control, elimination and eradication of the neglected tropical disease in a foreseeable future provides significant challenges at the ground level especially regarding helminthiasis. helminths are still mainly diagnoses by egg identification in stool, methods with low sensitivity and for most species low specificity. cross-sectoral collaboration with regard to zoonoses is almost non-existing and cross-validation by inter-laboratory evaluation of diagnostic tests is not a com ...201523886849
genetic variability among schistosoma japonicum isolates from the philippines, japan and china revealed by sequence analysis of three mitochondrial genes.the present study examined sequence variability in the mitochondrial (mt) protein-coding genes cytochrome b (cytb), nadh dehydrogenase subunits 2 and 6 (nad2 and nad6) among 24 isolates of schistosoma japonicum from different endemic regions in the philippines, japan and china. the complete cytb, nad2 and nad6 genes were amplified and sequenced separately from individual schistosome. sequence variations for isolates from the philippines were 0-0.5% for cytb, 0-0.6% for nad2, and 0-0.9% for nad6. ...201523901927
il-22 and il-22 binding protein (il-22bp) regulate fibrosis and cirrhosis in hepatitis c virus and schistosome infections.interleukin (il)-22 acts on epithelia, hepatocytes, and pancreatic cells and stimulates innate immunity, tissue protection, and repair. il-22 may also cause inflammation and abnormal cell proliferation. the binding of il-22 to its receptor is competed by il-22 binding protein (il-22bp), which may limit the deleterious effects of il-22. the role of il-22 and il-22bp in chronic liver diseases is unknown. we addressed this question in individuals chronically infected with schistosomes or hepatitis ...201525476703
exosome-like vesicles derived by schistosoma japonicum adult worms mediates m1 type immune- activity of macrophage.exosomes are 30-100-nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin that are released into the extracellular space upon fusion of the multi-vesicular bodies (mvb) with the plasma membrane, while initial studies described that the role of exosomes was a reticulocyte cargo-disposal mechanism allowing remodeling of the plasma membrane during the maturation of reticulocytes to erythrocytes. recent studies indicate that exosomes are secreted by most cells and pathogens and play an important role in intercel ...201525855345
spatial analysis of schistosomiasis in hubei province, china: a gis-based analysis of schistosomiasis from 2009 to 2013.schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in china. the major endemic areas are located in the lake and marshland regions of southern china, particularly in areas along the middle and low reach of the yangtze river. spatial analytical techniques are often used in epidemiology to identify spatial clusters in disease regions. this study assesses the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and explores high-risk regions in hubei province, china to provide guidance on schistosomiasis con ...201525849567
lack of il-17 signaling decreases liver fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis japonica.accumulating evidence has identified the profibrogenic properties of il-17a in organ fibrosis. however, the role of il-17a signal in liver fibrosis induced by schistosoma japonicum infection remains unclear. in this study, we investigated liver fibrosis in wild-type (wt) and il-17ra(-/-) mice upon s. japonicum infection. hepatic il-17a, il-17c, il-17e (il-25), il-17f, il-17ra, il-17rb and il-17rc transcript levels were determined by rt-pcr. il-17a(+) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and con ...201525840437
quantitative proteomic analyses of schistosoma japonicum in response to artesunate.artesunate (art) has high prophylactic efficacy against schistosoma japonicum infections and has been used to treat and prevent schistosomiasis in china since 1995. however, the molecular mechanism of art's effects on s. japonicum remains unclear. herein, we applied isobaric tagging reagents for relative and absolute quantification analyses coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the effect of art on the proteome of s. japonicum in susceptib ...201525820832
comparison of genetic diversity and population structure between two schistosoma japonicum isolates--the field and the laboratory.schistosomiasis japonicum is one of the most important human parasitic diseases, and a number of studies have recently elucidated the difference in biological characteristics of s. japonicum among different parasite isolates, for example, between the field and the laboratory isolates. therefore, the understanding of underlying genetic mechanism is of both theoretical and practical importance. in this study, we used six microsatellite markers to assess genetic diversity, population structure, and ...201525804973
enhancement of protective efficacy through adenoviral vectored vaccine priming and protein boosting strategy encoding triosephosphate isomerase (sjtpi) against schistosoma japonicum in mice.schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonotic parasitic disease; developing transmission blocking veterinary vaccines are urgently needed for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in china. heterologous prime-boost strategy, a novel vaccination approach, is more effective in enhancing vaccine efficacy against multiple pathogens. in the present study, we established a novel heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy, the radv-sjtpi.opt intramuscular priming and rsjtpi subcutaneous boosting st ...201525793406
b10 cells induced by schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens modulated regulatory t cells and cytokine production of t cells.a distinct subset of b cells, also known as regulatory b cells, can negatively regulate t cell immune responses, but the role of these cells in schistosomiasis has not been clarified. soluble egg antigen (sea) and soluble adult worm antigen preparation (swap), which are two important antigen sources during schistosoma japonicum infection, both can induce th1, th2, th17, and treg cells and the corresponding cytokines. however, whether they can induce the production of regulatory b cells and the r ...201526149531
using the local immune response from the natural buffalo host to generate an antibody fragment library that binds the early larval stages of schistosoma japonicum.antibodies isolated from the local draining inguinal lymph node of field exposed-water buffaloes following challenge with schistosoma japonicum cercariae showed high reactivity towards s. japonicum antigen preparations and bound specifically to formaldehyde-fixed s. japonicum schistosomules. using this specific local immune response we produced a series of single-chain antibody fv domain libraries from the same lymph nodes. removal of phage that cross reacted with epitopes on adult parasites yie ...201526116907
three gorges dam: impact of water level changes on the density of schistosome-transmitting snail oncomelania hupensis in dongting lake area, china.schistosomiasis remains an important public health issue in china and worldwide. oncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum, and its change influences the distribution of s. japonica. the three gorges dam (tgd) has substantially changed the ecology and environment in the dongting lake region. this study investigated the impact of water level and elevation on the survival and habitat of the snails.201526114956
[expression profiling and immunofluorescence localization of the major egg antigen p40 of schistosoma japonicum in the liver of infected new zealand white rabbits].to examine the expression profile and immunofluorescence localization of the major egg antigen p40 of schistosoma japonicum (sjp40) during granuloma formation in the liver of infected new zealand white rabbits.201526111679
cloning, expression, and partial characterization of fbpa from schistosoma japonicum, a molecule on that the fluke may develop nutrition competition and immune evasion from human.carbohydrate metabolism is the most important physiological process for schistosoma japonicum which resides in host. however, as a key glycolytic enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (fbpa), there is no study on its enzymatic kinetics and antigenic peptides. here, we report the gene cloning, expression, purification, and kinetics of the fbpa from s. japonicum (sjfbpa). after cloning, sjfbpa gene was introduced into pet-28a and transformed bl21, and a soluble his6 ...201526099237
[research progress of taxonomy and discrimination techniques of oncomelania hupensis].oncomelania hupensis, which plays an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica, is the only intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum, and carrying out studies on its subspecies differentiation and genetic variation will have an important significance for schistosomiasis control. in this paper, the research progress of taxonomy and discrimination techniques of o. hupensis is reviewed at four levels, namely the morphological level, the cellular level, the protein level, and ...201526094433
[experimental study on determination of viability of schistosoma japonicum cercariae by staining].to determine the viability of schistosoma japonicum cercariae by staining.201526094419
[effect of calcium cyanamid synthetic drug on schistosoma japonicum egg morphology].to study the morphological change of schistosoma japonicum eggs processed by calcium cyanamide synthetic drug, so as to provide the basis for further study of the mechanism that calcium cyanamide synthetic drug to schistosome eggs.201526094416
sjhsp70, a recombinant schistosoma japonicum heat shock protein 70, is immunostimulatory and induces protective immunity against cercarial challenge in mice.high levels of protective immunity can be induced in different animals immunized with radiation-attenuated (ra) schistosoma cercariae or schistosomula. however, the schistosome-derived molecules responsible for the strong protective effect elicited by ra schistosome larvae have not been identified or characterized. the 70-kda heat shock proteins of schistosomes are considered major immunogens, and may play an important role in stimulating high levels of innate and adaptive immune responses in an ...201526091761
characterization and expression analysis of wnt5 in schistosoma japonicum at different developmental stages.wnt signaling is a key pathway involving the regulation of cell development and growth in metazoa. an analysis of wnt signaling in schistosoma japonicum might provide information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying parasite development, which might be useful for vaccine screening and identification of pharmaceutical targets. the sjwnt5 gene, a member of the wnt gene family, contained an 1149-bp open reading frame that encoded a 382-aa protein. analysis of the sjwnt5 amino acid sequence ...201526077755
the up-regulation of ribosomal proteins further regulates protein expression profile in female schistosoma japonicum after pairing.pairing of schistosoma males and females leads to and maintains female sexual maturation. however, the mechanism by which pairing facilitates sexual maturation of females is not clear. an increasing body of evidence suggests that ribosomal proteins have regulatory rather than constitutive roles in protein translation.201526070205
prevention of fatal hepatic complication in schistosomiasis by inhibition of cetp.schistosoma japonicum, once endemic all the east asia, remains as a serious public health problem in certain regions. ectopic egg embryonation in the liver causes granulomatosis and eventually fatal cirrhosis, so that prevention of this process is one of the keys to reduce its mortality. the embryonation requires cholesteryl ester from hdl of the host blood for egg yolk formation, and this reaction is impaired from the abnormal large hdl in genetic cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) defic ...201526060442
serological prevalence of schistosoma japonicum in mobile populations in previously endemic but now non-endemic regions of china: a systematic review and meta-analysis.schistosomiasis japonica has been resurging in certain areas of china where its transmission was previously well controlled or interrupted. several factors may be contributing to this, including mobile populations, which if infected, may spread the disease. a wide range of estimates have been published for s. japonicum infections in mobile populations, and a synthesis of these data will elucidate the relative risk presented from these groups.201526043190
cx3cr1 deficiency in mice attenuates hepatic granuloma formation during acute schistosomiasis by enhancing the m2-type polarization of macrophages.acute schistosomiasis is characterized by pro-inflammatory responses against tissue- or organ-trapped parasite eggs along with granuloma formation. here, we describe studies in cx3cr1(-/-) mice and demonstrate the role of cx3cr1 in the pathoetiology of granuloma formation during acute schistosomiasis. mice deficient in cx3cr1 were protected from granuloma formation and hepatic injury induced by schistosoma japonicum eggs, as manifested by reduced body weight loss and attenuated hepatomegaly alon ...201526035381
the expression of molecule cd28 and cd38 on cd4⁺/cd8⁺ t lymphocytes in thymus and spleen elicited by schistosoma japonicum infection in mice model.schistosomiasis caused by human schistosomes such as schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) is considered as an immune-related disease. it was demonstrated that specific cytokine antibodies' response elicited by s. japonicum infection was gradually downregulated with the progress of the disease, resulting in a th1/th2 polarization and suppression of immune response. cd28 (cluster of differentiation 28) is one of the proteins expressed on t cells that provide co-stimulatory signals required for t c ...201526002824
sje16.7 activates macrophages and promotes schistosoma japonicum egg-induced granuloma development.sje16.7 is an egg-specific protein from schistosoma japonicum that recruits neutrophils and initiates an inflammatory granuloma response in host tissue. however, since macrophages are known to be important regulators of egg granuloma formation we investigated the effect of sje16.7 on this cell type. here we report that sje16.7 is a potent macrophage activator, inducing macrophage chemotaxis and stimulating cytokine production. treatment of murine primary macrophages with sje16.7 resulted in upre ...201525997882
design, synthesis and biological evaluation of praziquantel and endoperoxide conjugates as antischistosomal agents.the widespread use of praziquantel for the treatment of schistosomiasis has led to concerns over the potential development of drug resistance. therefore, the discovery of novel antischistosomal agents is imperative. in this study, a series of praziquantel and endoperoxide conjugates were synthesized and evaluated as potential antischistosomal agents.201525996065
tim-3 induces th2-biased immunity and alternative macrophage activation during schistosoma japonicum infection.t cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule 3 (tim-3) has been regarded as an important regulatory factor in both adaptive and innate immunity. recently, tim-3 was reported to be involved in th2-biased immune responses in mice infected with schistosoma japonicum, but the exact mechanism behind the involvement of tim-3 remains unknown. the present study aims to understand the role of tim-3 in the immune response against s. japonicum infection. tim-3 expression was determined by fl ...201525987707
intake of erythrocytes required for reproductive development of female schistosoma japonicum.the reproductive development and maturation of female schistosomes are crucial since their released eggs are responsible for the host immunopathology and transmission of schistosomiasis. however, little is known about the nutrients required by female schistosoma japonicum during its sexual maturation. we evaluated the promoting effect of several nutrients (calf serum, red blood cells (rbcs), atp and hypoxanthine) on the reproductive development of pre-adult females at 18 days post infection (dpi ...201525978643
m13 phage peptide zl4 exerts its targeted binding effect on schistosoma japonicum via alkaline phosphatase.the present study was to determine the targeting effect of m13 phage peptide zl4 (mppzl4) on schistosoma japonicum (s.j). mice infected with s.j were injected with mppzl4. real-time pcr was used to detect the distribution and metabolism of mppzl4 in the livers and lungs of mice. in vivo refusion test was performed to detect the targeting of mppzl4. western blotting was employed to determine the expression of mppzl4. live imaging was used to detect the distribution of oligopeptide mppzl4. immunoh ...201525973009
an ex vivo model for studying hepatic schistosomiasis and the effect of released protein from dying eggs.we report the use of an ex vivo precision cut liver slice (pcls) mouse model for studying hepatic schistosomiasis. in this system, liver tissue is unfixed, unfrozen, and alive for maintenance in culture and subsequent molecular analysis.201525965781
suppression of the insulin receptors in adult schistosoma japonicum impacts on parasite growth and development: further evidence of vaccine potential.to further investigate the importance of insulin signaling in the growth, development, sexual maturation and egg production of adult schistosomes, we have focused attention on the insulin receptors (sjirs) of schistosoma japonicum, which we have previously cloned and partially characterised. we now show, by biolayer interferometry, that human insulin can bind the l1 subdomain (insulin binding domain) of recombinant (r)sjir1 and rsjir2 (designated sjld1 and sjld2) produced using the drosophila s2 ...201525961574
interleukin-33 promotes th2 immune responses in infected mice with schistosoma japonicum.il-33, a new member of the il-1 cytokine family, is associated with many infectious diseases. il-33 not only is crucial for induction of th2 polarized responses, but also is involved in induction of inflammation as a proinflammatory cytokine. whether il-33 leads to beneficial or worsening outcomes depends on the immune mechanism underlying the pathogensis of each disease condition. this study was to elucidate the role of il-33 in schistosomiasis japonica in a mouse model. our results demonstrate ...201525944738
hybrid steered molecular dynamics approach to computing absolute binding free energy of ligand-protein complexes: a brute force approach that is fast and accurate.computing the free energy of binding a ligand to a protein is a difficult task of essential importance for which purpose various theoretical/computational approaches have been pursued. in this paper, we develop a hybrid steered molecular dynamics (hsmd) method capable of resolving one ligand–protein complex within a few wall-clock days with high enough accuracy to compare with the experimental data. this hsmd approach is based on the relationship between the binding affinity and the potential of ...201525937822
[reinfection of schistosoma japonicum and related risk factors in chinese: meta-analysis].to study the dynamics of the reinfection of schistosoma japonicum and related risk factors among the people in schistosomiasis endemic areas in china.201525907732
a specific indel marker for the philippines schistosoma japonicum revealed by analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences.in the present study, near-complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences for schistosoma japonicum from different regions in the philippines and japan were amplified and sequenced. comparisons among s. japonicum from the philippines, japan, and china revealed a geographically based length difference in mt genomes, but the mt genomic organization and gene arrangement were the same. sequence differences among samples from the philippines and all samples from the three endemic areas were 0.57-2.12 a ...201525899327
preliminary characterization and expression of vasa-like gene in schistosoma japonicum.the vasa gene is a vital germline marker to study the origin and development of germ cells and gonads in many organisms. until now, little information was available about the characteristics of the vasa gene in schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum). in this study, we cloned the open reading frame (orf) of the s. japonicum vasa-like gene (sj-vasa). the expression pattern and tissue localization of sj-vasa were also analyzed. our results showed that sj-vasa shared the general feature of dead-box fa ...201525899325
immunoproteomic analysis of schistosoma japonicum schistosomulum proteins recognized by immunoglobulin g in the sera of susceptible and non-susceptible hosts.the aim of this study was to search for immunogenic schistosomula proteins in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. schistosomula proteins were analyzed by immunoproteomic which the probes were sera derived from balb/c mice (susceptible hosts) and microtus fortis (resistant hosts). a total of 116 immunoreactive proteins recognized by 10 days post-infected balb/c mice, m. fortis sera, and uninfected m. fortis sera were selected for further analysis. finally, 95 protein spots were id ...201525896740
comparative characterization of micrornas in schistosoma japonicum schistosomula from wistar rats and balb/c mice.more than 40 kinds of mammals in china are known to be naturally infected with schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) (peng et al. parasitol res 106:967-76, 2010). compared with permissive balb/c mice, rats are less susceptible to s. japonicum infection and are considered to provide an unsuitable microenvironment for parasite growth and development. micrornas (mirnas), via the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, may be responsible for developmental ...201525895062
altered levels of circulating mirnas are associated schistosoma japonicum infection in mice.dioecious flatworms of the genus schistosoma causes schistosomiasis, which is a major public health problem in developing countries. acquiring detailed knowledge of schistosome-host interactions may aid in the development of novel strategies for schistosomiasis control. micrornas (mirnas) are involved in processes such as development, cell proliferation, metabolism, and signal transduction. circulating mirnas not only serve as a novel class of biomarkers of many diseases but also regulate target ...201525885182
shifts in the spatiotemporal dynamics of schistosomiasis: a case study in anhui province, china.the chinese national surveillance system showed that the risk of schistosoma japonicum infection fluctuated temporally. this dynamical change might indicate periodicity of the disease, and its understanding could significantly improve targeted interventions to reduce the burden of schistosomiasis. the goal of this study was to investigate how the schistosomiasis risk varied temporally and spatially in recent years.201525881189
geographical genetic structure of schistosoma japonicum revealed by analysis of mitochondrial dna and microsatellite markers.schistosoma japonicum is a significant public health risk in parts of china and elsewhere in southeast asia. to gain an insight into the epidemiology of schistosomiasis japonica, a detailed investigation of s. japonicum genetic population structure is needed.201525881113
dna detection of schistosoma japonicum: diagnostic validity of a lamp assay for low-intensity infection and effects of chemotherapy in humans.schistosomiasis has decreased significantly in prevalence and intensity of infection in china, thus more accurate and sensitive methods are desperately needed for the further control of schistosomiasis. the present work aimed to assess the utility of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) for detection of light intensity infection or false-negative patients and patients post-treatment, targeting the highly repetitive retrotransposon sjr2 of schistosoma japonicum.201525874964
exploring the contribution of host susceptibility to epidemiological patterns of schistosoma japonicum infection using an individual-based model.we recently reported the analysis of epidemiological data suggesting variability in individual susceptibility to infection by schistosoma japonicum among rural villagers who reside in sichuan province of southwestern china. by supplementing the data used in the earlier analysis from other studies we have reported from this region, we presented improved estimates of cercarial exposure, which in turn, result in stronger evidence of susceptibility. this analysis was conducted using an individual-ba ...201525870427
comparative analysis of microrna in schistosomula isolated from non-permissive host and susceptible host.the reed vole microtus fortis is the only known mammal in which the schistosome is naturally prevented from maturing and schistosome infection does not cause significant pathogenesis. however, the mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unknown. in the present study, solexa deep sequencing technology was used to carry out high-throughput sequencing and comparative analysis of microrna (mirna) between small rna libraries isolated from 10 days oldschistosomula of m. fortis and balb/c mice.in tota ...201526844643
[effect of icos signaling on cd154/cd40 expressions in mice infected with schistosoma japonicum].to explore the effect of icos signaling on the cd154/cd40 expressions and immunopathology in mice infected with schistosoma japonicum.201526767258
[study on immunologic function of thioredoxin glutathione reductase from schistosoma japonicum].to study the immunogenicity and the immuno-protection of thioredoxin glutathione reductase from schistosomajaponicum (sjtgr) against schistosome infection in mice.201526767257
sjtat-tpi facilitates adaptive t-cell responses and reduces hepatic pathology during schistosoma japonicum infection in balb/c mice.schistosomiasis is a kind of parasitic zoonoses which causes serious damage to public health and social development. china is one of the countries most affected by schistosoma japonicum and an effective vaccine is still needed. in this study, we adopted tat-mediated protein transduction technology to investigate the impact of different antigen presented approaches on host's immune response and the potential protection against schistosoma japonicum infection.201526714844
a rapid monitoring and evaluation method of schistosomiasis based on spatial information technology.thanks to spatial information technologies (sits) such as remote sensing (rs) and geographical information system (gis) that are being quickly developed and updated, sits are being used more widely in the public health field. the use of sits to study the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of schistosoma japonicum and to assess the risk of infection provides methods for the control and prevention of schistosomiasis japonica has gradually become a hot topic in the field. the ...201526703635
co-dispersal of the blood fluke schistosoma japonicum and homo sapiens in the neolithic age.the global spread of human infectious diseases is of considerable public health and biomedical interest. little is known about the relationship between the distribution of ancient parasites and that of their human hosts. schistosoma japonicum is one of the three major species of schistosome blood flukes causing the disease of schistosomiasis in humans. the parasite is prevalent in east and southeast asia, including the people's republic of china, the philippines and indonesia. we studied the co- ...201526686813
[dynamic alteration of cd154/cd40 and its effects on th1/th2 polarization in inducible co-stimulator ligand knockout mice infected with schistosoma japonicum].to analyze effect on the cd154-cd40 signaling pathway and th1/th2 polarization by deficient inducible co-stimulator (icos)-icos ligand (icosl) signaling in mice infected with schistosoma japonicum.201526679647
exploring molecular variation in schistosoma japonicum in china.schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. the main disease-causing agents, schistosoma japonicum, s. mansoni and s. haematobium, are blood flukes that have complex life cycles involving a snail intermediate host. in asia, s. japonicum causes hepatointestinal disease (schistosomiasis japonica) and is challenging to control due to a broad distribution of its snail hosts and range of animal reservoir hosts. in china, extensive efforts have ...201526621075
high-throughput sequencing of rnas isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation (hits-clip) reveals argonaute-associated micrornas and targets in schistosoma japonicum.schistosomiasis, caused by schistosomes, is one of the most prevalent and serious parasitic diseases in tropical and subtropical countries. this pathogen has a complex life cycle and harbors a unique repertoire of genes expressed at different life-stages. understanding the gene regulation of schistosomes will contribute to identification of novel drug targets and vaccine candidates. some conserved and novel micrornas (mirnas) have been identified in schistosomes as key transcriptional and post-t ...201526577460
heat shock protein 60 in eggs specifically induces tregs and reduces liver immunopathology in mice with schistosomiasis japonica.parasitic helminths need to suppress the host immune system to establish chronic infections. paradoxically, immunosuppression induced by the worm also benefits the host by limiting excessive inflammation and tissue damage, which remains the major cause leading to serious morbidity and mortality. regulatory t cells (tregs) are key immune regulators of this mutualism. the successive rise in tregs during schistosome infection plays a critical role in immunoregulation. we and others previously showe ...201526418003
transcriptome bioinformatical analysis of vertebrate stages of schistosoma japonicum reveals alternative splicing events.alternative splicing is a molecular process that contributes greatly to the diversification of proteome and to gene functions. understanding the mechanisms of stage-specific alternative splicing can provide a better understanding of the development of eukaryotes and the functions of different genes. schistosoma japonicum is an infectious blood-dwelling trematode with a complex lifecycle that causes the tropical disease schistosomiasis. in this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of schistosoma ...201526407301
proteomic analysis on cercariae and schistosomula in reference to potential proteases involved in host invasion of schistosoma japonicum larvae.schistosomiasis is a parasitic zoonosis posing great threat to human health. the infection is acquired by larval cercariae penetrating host skin and transforming into juveniles, schistosomula. proteolytic enzymes secreted from the cercarial acetabular glands are known to aid to the skin penetration, but molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. to profile the protein composition and identify potential invasive proteases, we developed a new method for simulating cercarial transformation and co ...201526370134
detecting genotyping errors at schistosoma japonicum microsatellites with pedigree information.schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem in china. integrating molecular analyses, such as population genetic analyses, of the parasite into the on-going surveillance programs is helpful in exploring the factors causing the persistence and/or spread of schistosoma japonicum. however, genotyping errors can seriously affect the results of such studies, unless accounted for in the analyses.201526350750
significance of higher drug concentration in erythrocytes of mice infected with schistosoma japonicum and treated orally with mefloquine at single doses.the purpose of the present study is to understand the pharmacokinetic feature of mefloquine measured by erythrocytes and plasma in schistosoma japonicum (s. j.)-infected mice and non-infected mice after oral administration of the drug at single doses. a high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method was used to measure the plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of mefloquine at varying intervals posttreatment. our results demonstrated that in non-infected mice treated orally with mefloquine ...201526341799
the characteristics of nk cells in schistosoma japonicum-infected mouse spleens.natural killer (nk) cells are classic innate immune cells that play roles in many types of infectious disease. recently, some new characteristics of nk cells were discovered. in this study, c57bl/6 mice were infected with schistosoma japonicum for 5-6 weeks and lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen to detect some of the nk cell characteristics by multiparametric flow cytometry. the results revealed that the s. japonicum infection induced a large amount of nk cells, although the percentage of ...201526319521
gdcl3 attenuates schistosomiasis japonicum egg-induced granulomatosis accompanied by decreased macrophage infiltration in murine liver.early-stage hepatic granuloma and advanced-stage fibrosis are important characteristics of schistosomiasis. the direct consequences of gadolinium chloride (gdcl3) in egg-induced granuloma formation have not been reported, although gdcl3 is known to block the macrophages. in present study, mice were infected with 15 schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) cercariae and treated with gdcl3 (10 mg/kg body weight) twice weekly from day 21 to day 42 post-infection during the onset of egg-laying towards e ...201526317423
protective effect of the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the schistosomiasis liver fibrosis in mice.this study aims to observe the effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on initiation and elimination of the schistosomiasis inflammatory response and liver fibrosis. the mice infected with the cercariae of schistosoma japonicum (20 ± cercarie per mice) were separated randomly into several groups. after 60 days, liver tissue samples of all mice were sectioned. hematoxylin-eosin (he) staining, masson staining, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and flow cytometry (fcm) were performed ...201526309610
ecological model to predict potential habitats of oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum in the mountainous regions, china.schistosomiasis japonica is a parasitic disease that remains endemic in seven provinces in the people's republic of china (p.r. china). one of the most important measures in the process of schistosomiasis elimination in p.r. china is control of oncomelania hupensis, the unique intermediate host snail of schistosoma japonicum. compared with plains/swamp and lake regions, the hilly/mountainous regions of schistosomiasis endemic areas are more complicated, which makes the snail survey difficult to ...201526305881
non-immune immunoglobulins shield schistosoma japonicum from host immunorecognition.schistosomiasis is a major human parasitic disease with a global impact. schistosoma japonicum, the most difficult to control, can survive within host veins for decades. mechanisms of immune evasion by the parasite, including antigenic variation and surface masking, have been implicated but not well defined. in this study, we defined the immunoglobulin-binding proteomes of s. japonicum using human igg, igm, and ige as the molecular bait for affinity purification, followed by protein identificati ...201526299686
comparative analysis of transcriptional profiles of adult schistosoma japonicum from different laboratory animals and the natural host, water buffalo.schistosomiasis is one of the most widely distributed parasitic diseases in the world. schistosoma japonicum, a zoonotic parasite with a wide range of mammalian hosts, is one of the major pathogens of this disease. although numerous studies on schistosomiasis japonica have been performed using laboratory animal models, systematic comparative analysis of whole-genome expression profiles in parasites from different laboratory animals and nature mammalian hosts is lacking to date.201526285138
distribution of peripheral memory t follicular helper cells in patients with schistosomiasis japonica.schistosomiasis is a helminthic disease that affects more than 200 million people. an effective vaccine would be a major step towards eliminating the disease. studies suggest that t follicular helper (tfh) cells provide help to b cells to generate the long-term humoral immunity, which would be a crucial component of successful vaccines. thus, understanding the biological characteristics of tfh cells in patients with schistosomiasis, which has never been explored, is essential for vaccine design.201526284362
expression and characterization of a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene in schistosoma japonicum.phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phgpx, gpx4) is a major antioxidant enzyme, which plays unique roles in the protection of cells against oxidative stress by catalysing reduction of lipid hydroperoxides. we isolated and characterized a full-length cdna sequence encoding gpx gene from a blood fluke, schistosoma japonicum (designated sjgpx), which contained an in-frame tga codon for selenocysteine (sec) and a concurrent sec insertion sequence in its 3'-untranslated region. protein ...201526283515
multi-host transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis and its optimal control.in this paper we formulate a dynamical model to study the transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis in humans and snails. we also incorporate bovines in the model to study their impact on transmission and controlling the spread of schistosoma japonicum in humans in china. the dynamics of the model is rigorously analyzed by using the theory of dynamical systems. the theoretical results show that the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if r0 < 1, and if r0 > 1 the system has ...201526280190
schistosoma japonicum protein sjp40 inhibits tgf-β1-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells.sjp40 is a major egg antigen of schistosoma japonicum. in the present study, the authors investigated the effect of sjp40 in vitro on transforming growth factor-β1 (tgf-β1)- stimulated hepatic stellate cells (hscs). lx-2, an immortalized human hsc line, was treated with purified recombinant sjp40 (rsjp40) in the presence or absence of tgf-β1. quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to determine messenger ribonucleic acid and protein of fibrogenic ...201526268567
[pathology and pathogenesis of liver fibrosis induced by schistosoma japonicum].schistosomiasis is a widely distributed parasitic zoonoses that threatens human' s health and social economic development. china is one of the most endemic countries in the world. schistosoma egg are mainly lodged in the liver and intestinal tissues. there, the eggs induce a granulomatous host immune response largely characterized by lymphocytes, eosinophils, and alternatively activated macrophages. the process of granuloma formation induces chronic inflammation that leads to liver fibrosis acco ...201526263795
an il-13 promoter polymorphism associated with liver fibrosis in patients with schistosoma japonicum.the aim of this study was to determine whether two polymorphisms in the gene encoding il13 previously associated with schistosoma hematobium (s. hematobium) and s. mansoni infection are associated with s. japonicum infection. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) rs1800925 (il13/-1112c>t) and rs20541 (il13r130q) were genotyped in 947 unrelated individuals (307 chronically infected, 339 late-stage with liver fibrosis, 301 uninfected controls) from a schistosomiasis-endemic area of hubei province ...201526258681
development of paramyosin as a vaccine candidate for schistosomiasis.schistosomiasis, caused by three principal species of diecious trematodes (flatworms), currently afflicts over 250 million individuals, results in an estimated 2-15% chronic disability, and contributes to poor health and economic stagnation in endemic areas. although schistosomiasis is effectively treated with praziquantel, rapid reinfection with rebound morbidity precludes effective control based on chemotherapy alone and justifies current efforts to develop vaccines for these parasites. paramy ...201526257728
[plasma metabolism and protective effect of oral administration of niclosamide on schistosoma japonicum cercarial invasion in mice].to study the metabolism of niclosamide in plasma, and the protective effect of its oral administration on schistosoma japonicum cercarial invasion in mice.201526245118
molecular docking to explore the possible binding mode of potential inhibitors of thioredoxin glutathione reductase.praziquantel (pzq) is the treatment of choice for schistosomiasis, one of the most important but neglected tropical diseases. recently, however, schistosoma have exhibited reduced susceptibility to pzq, and an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat schistosomiasis has emerged. thioredoxin glutathione reductase (tgr) plays a crucial role in the redox balance of the parasite, combining glutaredoxin (grx), glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase (tr) activities. several compounds, includ ...201526239395
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