Publications

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elastosis perforans serpiginosa--a diagnostic measure. 20144105832
effects of the menstrual cycle on medical disorders. 20144038616
bronchitis and disability. 20144102649
the accuracy of breath alcohol analysis using the breathalyzer. 20144052173
malignant epidermal tumours. 20144019861
the education and evaluation of the pediatric resident. 20144025248
kienböck's disease. 20143968387
[ophthalmogenic headache]. 20143961720
lice & scabies control. 20143957613
when is a chrysanthemum dermatitis not a chrysanthemum dermatitis? the case for describing florists' chrysanthemums as dendranthema cultivars.in order to provide a new reference point in the dermatological literature from which the naming of florists' chrysanthemums may be regularised and standardised, the case is presented for the use of the generic name dendranthema together with a cultivar name in place of a specific epithet. a review of cultivar specificity in chrysanthemum dermatitis is also presented.20144064646
effect of ocular compression on intraocular pressure.a prospective double-blind controlled study was undertaken to determine the effects of different compression times applied to soften the eye on normal subjects. application of the honan intraocular pressure reducer (hipr) produced a significantly (p less than 0.02) greater decrease in intraocular pressure when applied for 40 minutes (14.3 mmhg sd = 1.7) when compared to a five-minute application (8.8 mmhg sd = 1.7). no untoward effects were noted in these patients. physiologic effects of externa ...20144058845
[antidiuretic hormones in chronic circulatory insufficiency]. 20143911465
murine typhus, a report of 15 cases. 20144735083
spontaneous reactions of 1,3-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines with acids in water at neutrality. ii. nuclear magnetic resonance studies. 20144249331
psychological studies of longer range l-dopa therapy in parkinsonism. 20144148472
immunodeficiency syndromes and the gut.the gastrointestinal tract in immunodeficiency disorders is involved with diseases similar to those seen in the immune competent. however, in some immune deficient states the incidence of gastrointestinal disease is high whereas in others it is no different than in the general population. this review clarifies the unique and specific abnormalities seen in immune deficient states and stresses the newest recognised abnormalities. it highlights the fact that the most frequent and severe abnormaliti ...20143911369
[case of hurler's disease]. 20144267654
[ataxia-telangiectasia (louis-bar syndrome)]. 20144177264
metabolism of 1-naphthol by tyrosinase.1-naphthol was metabolized by the polyphenol oxidase, tyrosinase, primarily to 1,2-naphthoquinone and to small amounts of 1,4-naphthoquinone as well as to covalently bound products. the inhibition of covalent binding by ethylenediamine, which reacts specifically with 1,2-naphthoquinone but not 1,4-naphthoquinone, suggested that most of the covalent binding was due to 1,2-naphthoquinone or a metabolite of similar structure. the activation by tyrosinase of 1-naphthol to covalently bound products s ...20143929786
letter: brain-levels of monoamine oxidase in depression. 20144136104
[determination of anionic surface-active substances in the blood serum by a colorimetric method]. 20143957060
activities of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunits c1 and c2 of vibrio parahaemolyticus against different peroxides.alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit c gene (ahpc) functions were characterized in vibrio parahaemolyticus, a commonly occurring marine food-borne enteropathogenic bacterium. two ahpc genes, ahpc1 (vpa1683) and ahpc2 (vp0580), encoded putative two-cysteine peroxiredoxins, which are highly similar to the homologous proteins of vibrio vulnificus. the responses of deletion mutants of ahpc genes to various peroxides were compared with and without gene complementation and at different incubation tem ...201425239899
contribution of six flagellin genes to the flagellum biogenesis of vibrio vulnificus and in vivo invasion.vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic pathogenic bacterium that is motile due to the presence of a single polar flagellum. v. vulnificus possesses a total of six flagellin genes organized into two loci (flafba and flacde). we proved that all six of the flagellin genes were transcribed, whereas only five (flaa, -b, -c, -d, and -f) of the six flagellin proteins were detected. to understand roles of the six v. vulnificus flagellins in motility and virulence, mutants with single and multiple flagellin d ...201424101693
starvation induces phenotypic diversification and convergent evolution in vibrio vulnificus.starvation is a common stress experienced by bacteria living in natural environments and the ability to adapt to and survive intense stress is of paramount importance for any bacterial population. a series of starvation experiments were conducted using v. vulnificus 93u204 in phosphate-buffered saline and seawater. the starved population entered the death phase during the first week and approximately 1% of cells survived. after that the population entered a long-term stationary phase, and could ...201424551129
the use of multivariate techniques in the study of skeletal populations. 20144313256
[new studies on a relationship between hemoglobins and rhesus factors in africans]. 20144308643
[new studies on a relationship between hemoglobins and rhesus factors in africans]. 20144308643
an unusual cause of neck swelling in an elderly female. 20144083241
[the 58th annual meeting of the japanese orthopedic association. gifu, april 7-9, 1985. abstracts]. 20144078426
[mechanisms of adaptation to physical exertion in patients with an expiratory obstructive syndrome]. 20144096445
[sequential angio-urography (sau) with photographic image subtraction].urography was performed in 250 patients: the technique of bolus injection of a large quantity of contrast medium was used in every case. by means of rapid seriography the early vascular phase was shown and reproduced, when necessary, with image subtraction. the abdominal aorta and the renal arteries were demonstrated in 97.6% of cases. altogether, in 34.4% of cases the existence of pathological conditions non demonstrable by conventional urography was ascertained; in 12.4% of cases extrarenal pa ...20143911305
study of the uv-induction of mutations in bacteria. 20144221844
physiology of the upper airways in allergic disease. 20143902190
axillo-internal carotid artery bypass in the treatment of neck metastases.the initial surgical management of neck metastases from head and neck cancer may be complicated if the tumor mass invades the carotid vessels. acute carotid ligation is associated with a high stroke rate. consequently preservation of flow to the internal carotid artery is desirable. we will describe two patients in whom preservation of flow was accomplished with the use of a saphenous vein bypass from the axillary artery to the internal carotid artery. the technique is described and has several ...20144009839
[appraisal of the radiation changes and metastatic lesions of the lymphatic system of the pelvis with the aid of lymphography]. 20144301018
endogenous formation of carbon monoxide and methane at elevated pressure. 20144150747
[follow-up study of a clientele receiving sick-leave maintenance allowances for limited periods]. 20143976070
alpha-fetoprotein in the treatment of primary liver cancer. 20144140256
[polycarboxylate cements]. 20144211561
colchicine-sensitive microtubules. 20144267164
pancreatic abscess: impact of computerized tomography on early diagnosis and surgery.pancreatic abscess continues to be a lethal complication of acute pancreatitis, with mortality rates of 40 percent in recent surgical series. a major factor contributing to this high mortality has been delay in diagnosis. when combined with diagnostic needle aspiration, computerized tomographic scanning has greatly enhanced the early detection of pancreatic abscesses. in a 4 year period at our institutions, 21 patients with proved pancreatic abscesses were evaluated early in their clinical cours ...20144014563
[status of endemic leprosy in senegal in 1983]. 20143895804
the blue fluorescent protein from vibrio vulnificus ckm-1 is a useful reporter for plant research.the mbfp is an improved variant of nadph-dependent blue fluorescent protein that was originally identified from the non-bioluminescent pathogenic bacteria vibrio vulnificus ckm-1. to explore the application of mbfp in plants, the mbfp gene expression was driven by one of the three promoters, namely, leaf-specific (rbcs), hypoxia-inducible (adh) or auxin-inducible (dr5) promoters, in different plant tissues such as leaves, roots and flowers under diverse treatments. in addition, the expressed mbf ...201428510958
zernike phase contrast cryo-electron tomography of whole bacterial cells.cryo-electron tomography (cryo-et) provides three-dimensional (3d) structural information of bacteria preserved in a native, frozen-hydrated state. the typical low contrast of tilt-series images, a result of both the need for a low electron dose and the use of conventional defocus phase-contrast imaging, is a challenge for high-quality tomograms. we show that zernike phase-contrast imaging allows the electron dose to be reduced. this limits movement of gold fiducials during the tilt series, whic ...201424075950
effects of temperature, growth phase and luxo-disruption on regulation systems of toxin production in vibrio vulnificus strain l-180, a human clinical isolate.vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic estuarine bacterium while it causes fatal septicemia or necrotizing wound infections in humans. this pathogen secretes the metalloprotease (v. vulnificus protease: vvp) and the cytolysin (v. vulnificus hemolysin: vvh) as protein toxins; however, their production was coordinated in response to the bacterial cell density. this regulation is termed quorum sensing (qs) and is mediated by the small diffusible molecule called autoinducer 2 (ai-2). in the present study ...201424068537
controlling vibrio vulnificus and spoilage bacteria in fresh shucked oysters using natural antimicrobials.this study evaluated the efficacy of grape seed extract (ge), citric acid (ca) and lactic acid (la) on the inactivation of vibrio vulnificus and inherent microflora in fresh shucked oysters. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of ge, ca or la against v. vulnificus was determined. furthermore, the shucked oysters were artificially inoculated with v. vulnificus. the inoculated shucked oysters (25 g) were then dipped in 250 ml ge, ca or la solutions for 10 min. the population of v. vulnificu ...201424001001
protection against vibrio vulnificus infection by active and passive immunization with the c-terminal region of the rtxa1/martxvv protein.vibrio vulnificus is a foodborne pathogen that is prevalent in coastal waters worldwide. infection with v. vulnificus causes septicemia with fatality rates exceeding 50% even with aggressive antibiotic therapy. several vaccine studies to prevent v. vulnificus infection have been performed but have had limited success. in this study, we identified the c-terminal region (amino acids 3491 to 4701) of the v. vulnificus multifunctional autoprocessing rtx (martxvv or rtxa1) protein, rtxa1-c, as a prom ...201424252692
implications of chitin attachment for the environmental persistence and clinical nature of the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus.vibrio vulnificus naturally inhabits a variety of aquatic organisms, including oysters, and is the leading cause of seafood-related death in the united states. strains of this bacterium are genetically classified into environmental (e) and clinical (c) genotypes, which correlate with source of isolation. e-genotype strains integrate into marine aggregates more efficiently than do c-genotype strains, leading to a greater uptake of strains of this genotype by oysters feeding on these aggregates. t ...201424362430
the evaluation of four recent culture-based methods for the isolation and enumeration of vibrio vulnificus bacteria from oyster meat.the most common cause of seafood-borne death in the united states is the bacterium vibrio vulnificus which can be concentrated into high numbers in the tissues of oysters or other shellfish. the ability to quickly, accurately, and inexpensively isolate living strains of this organism from oyster tissues is crucial for effective research on this pathogen. in this report, we evaluate four methods for isolating and quantifying v. vulnificus from oyster tissues, the solid media cpc+ (a refined versi ...201424355773
a bacterial flagellin in combination with proinflammatory cytokines activates human monocyte-derived dendritic cells to generate cytotoxic t lymphocytes having increased homing signals to cancer.flagellin, the cognate ligand for toll-like receptor 5, has potent adjuvant activity in various vaccines. however, its efficacy in generating dendritic cells (dcs) remains contentious. this study assessed how efficaciously vibrio vulnificus flab (v-flab) could be used in generating a potent dc to induce antigen-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls). mature dcs (mdcs) induced by the combination of v-flab/tnfα/ifnα were significantly more potent in inducing specific anticancer immune responses c ...201424316552
pre-existing medical conditions associated with vibrio vulnificus septicaemia.vibrio vulnificus (vv) can result in severe disease. although pre-existing liver disease is a recognized risk factor for serious infection, the relative importance of other comorbidities has not been fully assessed. we analysed reports of vv infections submitted to cdc from january 1988 to september 2006 in order to assess the role of pre-existing conditions contributing to severe outcomes. a total of 1212 patients with vv infection were reported. only patients with liver disease [adjusted odds ...201423842472
a fish-stunning wound infection with acute cardiac injury.vibrio vulnificus typically causes septicemia and necrotic wound infection. among v vulnificus–related complications, acute nonthrombotic myocardial damage has not been reported. the most effective antibiotic treatment of v vulnificus infection includes combination of a third-generation cephalosporin and a tetracycline or its analogue. however, recommendations of a fourth-generation cephalosporinbased regimen for treating the disease are not established. a 67-year-old diabetic man acquired v vul ...201424176592
survival of vibrio vulnificus genotypes in male and female serum, and production of siderophores in human serum and seawater.vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium responsible for 95% of all seafood-related deaths in the united states. several studies have demonstrated that v. vulnificus infections are enhanced when host iron availability is increased, such as occurs with chronic liver disease. because of the gender difference seen in these infections, we examined whether there was a difference in the survival in both male and female serum by both the c (clinical) and e (environmental) genotypes of v. vulnificus. ...201424161025
differential expression of a sodium-phosphate cotransporter among vibrio vulnificus strains.vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium with pathogenic potential. its three known biotypes differ in host distribution. we have found the npta gene for a sodium-phosphate cotransporter, which is rare in bacteria, in each biotype. npta transcript abundance differed significantly among biotypes, leading to the hypothesis that transcript levels differ under environmental conditions associated with estuarine and host environments. npta transcript abundance was assessed in v. vulnificus biotypes ...201424141939
detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae with respect to seasonal fluctuations in temperature and plankton abundance.over a 1-year period, bi-monthly estuarine surface water and plankton samples (63-200 and > 200 μm fractions) were assayed by polymerase chain reaction for the prevalence of total vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus and v. cholerae and select genes associated with clinical strains found in each species. neither temperature nor plankton abundance was a significant correlate of total v. parahaemolyticus; however, the prevalence of genes commonly associated with clinical strains (trh, tdh, orf8) ...201424024909
[vibrio spp. infections of clinical significance and implication for public health].vibrio spp. infections still are a public health concern. vibrio spp. can be found in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments, and can be able to cause diseases in fish, shellfish, mammals, as well as in humans. since '80 to date, the number of species within the genus increased from 21 to more than 100. the most important is vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of the cholera, responsible of seven pandemics; serotypes o1 and o139 can produce cholera toxin, while serotypes non-o1/non-o1 ...201422670341
occurrence of vibrio vulnificus and toxigenic vibrio parahaemolyticus on sea catfishes from galveston bay, texas.dorsal and pectoral fin spines from two species of sea catfishes (bagre marinus and ariopsis felis) landed at 54 sites in galveston bay, texas, and its sub-bays from june to october 2005 were screened with traditional cultivation-based assays and quantitative pcr assays for vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus. v. vulnificus was present on 51.2% of fish (n = 247), with an average of 403 ± 337 sd cells g(-1). v. parahaemolyticus was present on 94.2% (n = 247); 12.8% tested positive for t ...201425285498
occurrence of potentially pathogenic vibrio in oysters (crassostrea gigas) and waters from bivalve mollusk cultivations in the south bay of santa catarina.this research aimed to identify and quantify potentially pathogenic vibrio from different cultivations of bivalve shellfish in the state of santa catarina, brazil, and water regions in the south bay, as well as correlate the incidence of these microorganisms with the physicochemical parameters of marine waters.201425075484
prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus in blue crabs (callinectes sapidus), seawater and sediments of the maryland coastal bays.to determine the prevalence of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) and v. vulnificus (vv) in blue crabs, water and sediment from the maryland coastal bays (mcbs), usa.201425066367
the effect of storage time on vibrio spp. and fecal indicator bacteria in an isco autosampler.monitoring concentrations of bacterial pathogens and indicators of fecal contamination in coastal and estuarine ecosystems is critical to reduce adverse effects to public health. during storm events, particularly hurricanes, floods, nor'easters, and tropical cyclones, sampling of coastal and estuarine waters is not generally possible due to safety concerns. it is particularly important to monitor waters during these periods as it is at precisely these times that pathogenic bacteria such as vibri ...201425008356
occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in retail raw oysters from the eastern coast of thailand.occurrence, population density and virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus in 240 retail raw oysters collected monthly between march 2010 and february 2011 from ang sila coast, chon buri province, thailand were determined using most probable number (mpn) multiplex pcr. multiplex pcr detected v. parahaemolyticus in 219 raw oyster samples, of which 29 samples contained the virulence tdh. mpn values for v. parahaemolyticus and pathogenic strains in most samples ranged from 10 to 10(2 ...201424974651
impact of hurricane irene on vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus concentrations in surface water, sediment, and cultured oysters in the chesapeake bay, md, usa.to determine if a storm event (i.e., high winds, large volumes of precipitation) could alter concentrations of vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus in aquacultured oysters (crassostrea virginica) and associated surface water and sediment, this study followed a sampling timeline before and after hurricane irene impacted the chesapeake bay estuary in late august 2011. aquacultured oysters were sampled from two levels in the water column: surface (0.3 m) and near-bottom (just above the sedimen ...201424847319
antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus recovered from recreational and commercial areas of chesapeake bay and maryland coastal bays.vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus in the estuarine-marine environment are of human health significance and may be increasing in pathogenicity and abundance. vibrio illness originating from dermal contact with vibrio laden waters or through ingestion of seafood originating from such waters can cause deleterious health effects, particularly if the strains involved are resistant to clinically important antibiotics. the purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility among ...201424586914
occurrence and distribution of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus--potential roles for fish, oyster, sediment and water.vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus are gram-negative marine bacteria naturally found in estuaries such as the gulf of mexico and can be pathogenic to humans. we quantified both of these organisms in fish, oyster, sediment, and water using culture-independent (quantitative pcr; qpcr) and culture-dependent (direct plating-colony hybridization; dp-ch) techniques during the transition period between winter and spring. we correlated these levels to environmental conditions and to abundance ...201424571291
vibrio vulnificus bacteriophage ssp002 as a possible biocontrol agent.a novel vibrio vulnificus-infecting bacteriophage, ssp002, belonging to the siphoviridae family, was isolated from the coastal area of the yellow sea of south korea. host range analysis revealed that the growth inhibition of phage ssp002 is relatively specific to v. vulnificus strains from both clinical and environmental samples. in addition, a one-step growth curve analysis and a bacteriophage stability test revealed a latent period of 65 min, a burst size of 23 ± 2 pfu, as well as broad temper ...201424212569
comparative genomic analysis of clinical and environmental vibrio vulnificus isolates revealed biotype 3 evolutionary relationships.in 1996 a common-source outbreak of severe soft tissue and bloodstream infections erupted among israeli fish farmers and fish consumers due to changes in fish marketing policies. the causative pathogen was a new strain of vibrio vulnificus, named biotype 3, which displayed a unique biochemical and genotypic profile. initial observations suggested that the pathogen erupted as a result of genetic recombination between two distinct populations. we applied a whole genome shotgun sequencing approach ...201425642229
genome-wide snp-genotyping array to study the evolution of the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 3.vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic bacterium and an important human pathogen. strains of v. vulnificus are classified into three different biotypes. the newly emerged biotype 3 has been found to be clonal and restricted to israel. in the family vibrionaceae, horizontal gene transfer is the main mechanism responsible for the emergence of new pathogen groups. to better understand the evolution of the bacterium, and in particular to trace the evolution of biotype 3, we performed genome-wide snp genoty ...201425526263
transcriptome sequencing reveals the virulence and environmental genetic programs of vibrio vulnificus exposed to host and estuarine conditions.vibrio vulnificus is a natural inhabitant of estuarine waters worldwide and is of medical relevance due to its ability to cause grievous wound infections and/or fatal septicemia. genetic polymorphisms within the virulence-correlated gene (vcg) serve as a primary feature to distinguish clinical (c-) genotypes from environmental (e-) genotypes. c-genotypes demonstrate superior survival in human serum relative to e-genotypes, and genome comparisons have allowed for the identification of several put ...201425489854
serum survival of vibrio vulnificus: role of genotype, capsule, complement, clinical origin, and in situ incubation.virulence of the human pathogen, v. vulnificus, is associated with encapsulation, serum complement resistance, and genotype. the c-genotype of this bacterium is correlated (>90%) with virulence and with isolation source (clinical settings). e-genotype strains are highly correlated with environmental isolation (93%) but appear less virulent. in this study, we characterized the importance of genotype, encapsulation, serum complement, and in situ exposure to estuarine water on the survival of the t ...201425436506
impact of analytic provenance in genome analysis.many computational methods are available for assembly and annotation of newly sequenced microbial genomes. however, when new genomes are reported in the literature, there is frequently very little critical analysis of choices made during the sequence assembly and gene annotation stages. these choices have a direct impact on the biologically relevant products of a genomic analysis--for instance identification of common and differentiating regions among genomes in a comparison, or identification o ...201425435180
draft genome sequence of fish pathogenic vibrio vulnificus biotype 2.vibrio vulnificus is a marine pathogen capable of causing severe soft tissue infections and septicemia in humans. v. vulnificus biotype 2 is the etiological agent of fish vibriosis. we describe here the first draft genome sequence of v. vulnificus biotype 2, strain es-7601, isolated from an infected eel in japan.201425428972
[the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell on lung injury induced by vibrio vulnificus sepsis].to discuss the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (bmsc) on lung injury induced by vibrio vulnificus sepsis and its mechanism.201425399898
vvpm, an extracellular metalloprotease of vibrio vulnificus, induces apoptotic death of human cells.a pathogenic bacterium, vibrio vulnificus produces various extracellular proteases including the elastolytic metalloprotease, vvpe. in silico analysis of its genome revealed a vvpe-homologous protease, vvpm whose proteolytic activity was abolished by specific inhibitors against metalloproteases. to investigate whether this newly identified protease has pathogenic role in host interaction in addition to proteolytic role, human cell lines were incubated with recombinant vvpm (rvvpm). rvvpm-challen ...201425363631
complete genome sequence of vibrio vulnificus 93u204, a bacterium isolated from diseased tilapia in taiwan.vibrio vulnificus 93u204 is a bacterium isolated from a moribund tilapia collected in kaohsiung, taiwan. here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium to facilitate the investigation of its pathogenicity and for comparative analyses with human-pathogenic strains within the same species.201425278541
factors affecting the uptake and retention of vibrio vulnificus in oysters.vibrio vulnificus, a bacterium ubiquitous in oysters and coastal water, is capable of causing ailments ranging from gastroenteritis to grievous wound infections or septicemia. the uptake of these bacteria into oysters is often examined in vitro by placing oysters in seawater amended with v. vulnificus. multiple teams have obtained similar results in studies where laboratory-grown bacteria were observed to be rapidly taken up by oysters but quickly eliminated. this technique, along with suggested ...201425261513
the rnd protein is involved in the vulnibactin export system in vibrio vulnificus m2799.vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic marine bacterium that causes a serious, often fatal, infection in humans, requires iron for its pathogenesis. this bacterium exports vulnibactin for iron acquisition from the environment. the mechanisms of vulnibactin biosynthesis and ferric-vulnibactin uptake systems have recently been reported, while the vulnibactin export system has not been reported. mutant growth under low-iron concentration conditions and a bioassay of the culture supernatant indicate th ...201425205089
modeling and forecasting the distribution of vibrio vulnificus in chesapeake bay.to construct statistical models to predict the presence, abundance and potential virulence of vibrio vulnificus in surface waters of chesapeake bay for implementation in ecological forecasting systems.201425139334
comparison of skin and soft tissue infections caused by vibrio and aeromonas species.the aim of this study was to compare skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) caused by vibrio and aeromonas spp.201425126885
complete nucleotide sequence of pvv01, a p1-like plasmid prophage of vibrio vulnificus.we report here the 79,263-bp plasmid pvv01 isolated from vibrio vulnificus. pvv01 is closely related to the vibrio plasmid p0908 and shows some similarities to phage p1. unlike p0908, pvv01 represents an intact prophage inducible by mitomycin c. pvv01 phage particles revealed a myoviridal morphology and lytic activity.201425125637
isolation of vibrio vulnificus from seawater and emerging vibrio vulnificus septicemia on jeju island.vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen, transmitted from seawater, raw oyster, and shellfish and responsible for severe septicemia. we studied v. vulnificus from surface seawater around jeju island between 2010 and 2011. in 2010, v. vulnificus was isolated and v. vulnificus septicemia was reported. surface seawater temperature is an important factor for growth of v. vulnificus, and here we showed that high surface seawater temperature may influence growth of v. vulnificus and occur ...201425024873
flagellin from marinobacter algicola and vibrio vulnificus activates the innate immune response of gilthead seabream.adjuvants have emerged as the best tools to enhance the efficacy of vaccination. however, the traditional adjuvants used in aquaculture may cause adverse alterations in fish making necessary the development of new adjuvants able to stimulate the immune system and offer strong protection against infectious pathogens with minimal undesirable effects. in this respect, flagellin seems an attractive candidate due to its ability to strongly stimulate the immune response of fish. in the present study, ...201425020195
genetic analysis and prevalence studies of the brp exopolysaccharide locus of vibrio vulnificus.phase variation in the gram-negative human pathogen vibrio vulnificus involves three colonial morphotypes- smooth opaque colonies due to production of capsular polysaccharide (cps), smooth translucent colonies as the result of little or no cps expression, and rugose colonies due to production of a separate extracellular polysaccharide (eps), which greatly enhances biofilm formation. previously, it was shown that the brp locus, which consists of nine genes arranged as an operon, is up-regulated i ...201425013926
pleiotropic effects of a vibrio extracellular protease on the activation of contact system.many proteases secreted by pathogenic bacteria can affect seriously on hemostatic system. we have reported that an extracellular zinc metalloprotease (named vep-45) from vibrio vulnificus atcc29307 activates prothrombin to active thrombin, leading the formation of fibrin clot. in this study, the effects of vep-45 on the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and the kallikrein/kinin system were examined. the protease could activate proteolytically clotting factor zymogens, including fxii, fxi, fx, and ...201424996182
in vivo efficacy of the combination of ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime against vibrio vulnificus sepsis.the in vivo efficacy of a cefotaxime-ciprofloxacin combination against vibrio vulnificus and the effects on rtxa1 expression of commonly used antibiotics are unknown.201424978586
molecular analysis of vibrio vulnificus isolated from cockles and patients in thailand.vibrio vulnificus can cause septicemia, wound infection and gastroenteritis. the most severe infections are related to consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. virulence genes, biomarkers, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic relationships among v vulnificus isolated from clinical and environmental sources in thailand have not hitherto been investigated. viub encoding vulnibactin siderophore was detected in 33% and 50% of clinical and environmental (cockle) v. vulnificus isolates, respectivel ...201424964659
high pressure processing of bivalve shellfish and hpp's use as a virus intervention.bivalve shellfish readily bioconcentrate pathogenic microbes and substance, such as algal and dinoflagulate toxins, fecal viruses and bacteria, and naturally present vibrio bacteria. high pressure processing (hpp) is currently used as an intervention for vibrio vulnificus bacteria within molluscan shellfish and its potential to inactivate food-borne viruses and bacteria are discussed. mechanisms of action of high pressure against bacteria and viruses, as well as how time of pressure application, ...201428234323
uncertainty in model predictions of vibrio vulnificus response to climate variability and change: a chesapeake bay case study.the effect that climate change and variability will have on waterborne bacteria is a topic of increasing concern for coastal ecosystems, including the chesapeake bay. surface water temperature trends in the bay indicate a warming pattern of roughly 0.3-0.4°c per decade over the past 30 years. it is unclear what impact future warming will have on pathogens currently found in the bay, including vibrio spp. using historical environmental data, combined with three different statistical models of vib ...201424874082
emergency treatment of 16 patients with necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus infection complicated with septic shock. 201424824268
quorum sensing-dependent metalloprotease vvpe is important in the virulence of vibrio vulnificus to invertebrates.vibrio vulnificus, a gram-negative bacterium, is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for fatal septicemia caused by contaminated sea foods in eastern asia. quorum sensing (qs) is a cell-density dependent gene regulation mechanism that controls the expression of many virulence genes in various bacteria and v. vulnificus has been also suggested to express their virulence genes through the qs system. in this study, we investigated the role of qs system and qs-regulated exoproteases in the v ...201424769338
induction, resuscitation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of viable but nonculturable vibrio vulnificus in artificial sea water.vibrio vulnificus, an important food-borne pathogen, is known to enter viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state under low temperature and low nutrition stress conditions. present study examined the time required for induction of vbnc state and temperature which induces resuscitation of v. vulnificus yj016. the change in cell morphology and gene expression during vbnc state and in resuscitated cells was also examined. v. vulnificus incubated in artificial sea water at 4 °c entered vbnc state after c ...201424696138
vibrio vulnificus outbreaks in dutch eel farms since 1996: strain diversity and impact.vibrio vulnificus is a potentially zoonotic bacterial pathogen of fish, which can infect humans (causing necrotic fasciitis). we analysed 24 v. vulnificus isolates (from 23 severe eel disease outbreaks in 8 dutch eel farms during 1996 to 2009, and 1 clinical strain from an eel farmer) for genetic correlation and zoonotic potential. strains were typed using biotyping and molecular typing by high-throughput multilocus sequence typing (himlst) and rep-pcr (diversilab®). we identified 19 strains of ...201424695233
draft genome sequence of israeli outbreak-associated vibrio vulnificus biotype 3 clinical isolate baa87.vibrio vulnificus is a seafood-associated pathogen that causes severe wound and intestinal infections. biotype 3 of v. vulnificus emerged in 1996 as the cause of an israeli outbreak associated with the handling of infected tilapia. here, we describe the whole-genome sequence of the atcc biotype 3 clinical isolate baa87 (cdc9530-96).201424652973
low cell density regulator apha upregulates the expression of vibrio vulnificus iscr gene encoding the fe-s cluster regulator iscr.iscr is a global transcriptional regulator that contributes to the pathogenesis of vibrio vulnificus, a food-borne pathogen. in the present study, the regulatory mechanism for the iscr expression of v. vulnificus was evaluated. the expression of iscr was found to be upregulated by a transcriptional regulator apha, a homologue of the low cell density regulator apha of the vibrio species, in the exponential phase of growth. the promoter activity of iscr appeared to be activated and repressed by ap ...201424535746
tlr2 and tlr4 mediate the tnfα response to vibrio vulnificus biotype 1.vibrio vulnificus (vv) is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. most fatal cases are due to septic shock that results from dysregulation of cytokines, particularly tnfα, which plays a critical role in the outcome of vv infection. the goal of this study was to investigate the toll-like receptor (tlr)-mediated tnfα response to four vv biotype 1 strains using mice deficient for tlr2, tlr4, and tlr2/tlr4. ex vivo assays were performed with blood, splenocytes, a ...201424532589
interspecific quorum sensing mediates the resuscitation of viable but nonculturable vibrios.entry and exit from dormancy are essential survival mechanisms utilized by microorganisms to cope with harsh environments. many bacteria, including the opportunistic human pathogen vibrio vulnificus, enter a form of dormancy known as the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state. vbnc cells can resuscitate when suitable conditions arise, yet the molecular mechanisms facilitating resuscitation in most bacteria are not well understood. we discovered that bacterial cell-free supernatants (cfs) can awak ...201424509922
prognostic factor of mortality and its clinical implications in patients with necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus.in taiwan, the aquatic environment and endemic hepatitis contribute to the high susceptibility of vibrio vulnificus infection. a multidisciplinary treatment protocol for necrotizing fasciitis caused by v. vulnificus was developed in our institute, namely, ceftriaxone or ceftazidime combined with doxycycline or minocycline followed by an emergency fasciotomy and intensive care unit admission. we retrospectively reviewed 100 cases to evaluate the effectiveness of our treatment protocol and identif ...201424419406
iscr is a global regulator essential for pathogenesis of vibrio vulnificus and induced by host cells.a mutant that exhibited less cytotoxic activity toward int-407 human intestinal epithelial cells than the wild type was screened from a random transposon mutant library of vibrio vulnificus, and an open reading frame encoding an fe-s cluster regulator, iscr, was identified using a transposon-tagging method. a mutational analysis demonstrated that iscr contributes to mouse mortality as well as cytotoxicity toward the int-407 cells, indicating that iscr is essential for the pathogenesis of v. vuln ...201424478072
cytotoxicity of the vibrio vulnificus martx toxin effector duf5 is linked to the c2a subdomain.the multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martx) toxins are bacterial protein toxins that serve as delivery platforms for cytotoxic effector domains. the domain of unknown function in position 5 (duf5) effector domain is present in at least six different species' martx toxins and as a hypothetical protein in photorhabdus spp. its presence increases the potency of the vibrio vulnificus martx toxin in mouse virulence studies, indicating duf5 directly contributes to pathogenesis. in this ...201424935440
thermodynamic properties of the effector domains of martx toxins suggest their unfolding for translocation across the host membrane.martx (multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin) family toxins are produced by vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, aeromonas hydrophila and other gram-negative bacteria. effector domains of martx toxins cross the cytoplasmic membrane of a host cell through a putative pore formed by the toxin's glycine-rich repeats. the structure of the pore is unknown and the translocation mechanism of the effector domains is poorly understood. we examined the thermodynamic stability of the effector domai ...201424724536
liposome-encapsulated cinnamaldehyde enhances zebrafish (danio rerio) immunity and survival when challenged with vibrio vulnificus and streptococcus agalactiae.cinnamaldehyde, which is extracted from cinnamon, is a natural compound with activity against bacteria and a modulatory immune function. however, the antibacterial activity and immunostimulation of cinnamaldehyde in fish has not been well investigated due to the compound's poor water solubility. thus, liposome-encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (lec) was used to evaluate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on in vitro antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens and in vivo immunity and protection parame ...201424632045
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