Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| mucin dynamics in intestinal bacterial infection. | bacterial gastroenteritis causes morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. murine citrobacter rodentium infection is a model for gastroenteritis caused by the human pathogens enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohaemorrhagic e. coli. mucin glycoproteins are the main component of the first barrier that bacteria encounter in the intestinal tract. | 2008 | 19088856 |
| early development of lactic acidosis with short term linezolid treatment in a renal recipient. | 2008 | 19129081 | |
| [estimation of level of aminoglycosides susceptibility of bacterial strains isolated from patients with systemic and general infections]. | susceptibility tests to aminoglycosides of 200 bacterial strains isolated in period 1.01.2007-30.04.2008 from hospitalized patients in different wroclaw clinics were performed. among tested strains were 96 gram-negative rods belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family, 74 non-fermentative rods and 30 strains of staphylococcus aureus. the results of antibiotic susceptibility determined by serial antibiotic dilution in solid medium indicated that among enterobacteriaceae the most susceptible to ami ... | 2008 | 19143174 |
| normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of lps from gram-negative bacteria. | there is now evidence that an increased translocation of lps from gram negative bacteria with subsequent gut-derived inflammation, i.e. induction of systemic inflammation and oxidative & nitrosative stress (io&ns), is a new pathway in chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs). | 2008 | 19112401 |
| bacterial indicators of pollution of the douala lagoon, cameroon: public health implications. | indiscriminate disposal of untreated wastes which are often heavily laden with sewage microorganisms some of which are pathogenic to humans into aquatic environments near cities could serve as potential dangers to human health. | 2008 | 19357756 |
| linear alkylbenzene sulfonate tolerance in bacteria isolated from sediment of tropical water bodies polluted with detergents. | the discharge of untreated detergent-bearing waste introduces linear alklcylbenzene sulfonates (las) to the aquatic environment. the surfactant persists in some streams and rivers in nigeria, some is adsorbed to suspended materials and end in the sediment of the receiving water bodies. in this study, bacteria isolated from sediments of some tropical detergent-effluent-polluted streams were tested for tolerance to las using the media dilution technique. las-tolerance was indicated by growth of th ... | 2008 | 19419067 |
| dark secrets behind the shimmer of contact lens: the indian scenario. | we studied the bacteriological profile of soft contact lens and its accessories among the asymptomatic subjects and monitored the compliance level with the lens use and its cleaning protocol. | 2009 | 19426534 |
| comparison of beta-lactamase genes in clinical and food bacterial isolates in india. | the present study aimed to determine the occurrence of human disease-causing enteric bacteria on raw vegetables, fruits, meats, and milk products sold in indian markets. the study further aimed to analyze antibiotic resistance rates and the presence of blactx-m, blatem, blashv, and blaampc. | 2009 | 19801801 |
| comparative pharmacodynamics of intermittent and prolonged infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam using monte carlo simulations and steady-state pharmacokinetic data from hospitalized patients. | prolonging the infusion of a beta-lactam antibiotic enhances the time in which unbound drug concentrations remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration (ft>mic). | 2009 | 19809009 |
| genetic structure and distribution of the colibactin genomic island among members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | a genomic island encoding the biosynthesis and secretion pathway of putative hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide colibactin has been recently described in escherichia coli. colibactin acts as a cyclomodulin and blocks the eukaryotic cell cycle. the origin and prevalence of the colibactin island among enterobacteria are unknown. we therefore screened 1,565 isolates of different genera and species related to the enterobacteriaceae by pcr for the presence of this dna element. the island was dete ... | 2009 | 19720753 |
| neonatal enteral feeding tubes as loci for colonisation by members of the enterobacteriaceae. | the objective of this study was to determine whether neonatal nasogastric enteral feeding tubes are colonised by the opportunistic pathogen cronobacter spp. (enterobacter sakazakii) and other enterobacteriaceae, and whether their presence was influenced by the feeding regime. | 2009 | 19723318 |
| overexpression, purification and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the controller protein c.csp231i from citrobacter sp. rfl231. | restriction-modification controller proteins play an essential role in regulating the temporal expression of restriction-modification genes. the controller protein c.csp231i represents a new class of controller proteins. the gene was sublconed to allow overexpression in escherichia coli. the protein was purified to homogeneity and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. the crystals diffracted to 2.0 a resolution and belonged to space group p2(1). an electrophoretic mobility ... | 2009 | 19724127 |
| steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam administered by prolonged infusion in hospitalised patients. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam, administered by prolonged infusion, in hospitalised patients requiring antimicrobial therapy. thirteen patients received 4.5 g every 8 h (q8h), infused over 4 h, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental methods. monte carlo simulations (10,000 patients) were performed to calculate the cumulative fraction of response (cfr) for seven gram-negativ ... | 2009 | 19726163 |
| international survey of cronobacter sakazakii and other cronobacter spp. in follow up formulas and infant foods. | a coordinated survey for cronobacter and related organisms in powdered infant formula, follow up formula and infant foods was undertaken by 8 laboratories in 7 countries in recognition of and in response to the data needs identified in an fao/who call for data in order to develop global risk management guidance for these products. the products (domestic and imported) were purchased from the local market and were categorised according to their principle ingredients. a total of 290 products were a ... | 2009 | 19729216 |
| a new method for gene synthesis and its high-level expression. | an optimized citrobacter braakii phytase gene, appa-c, was chemically synthesized by oligonucleotides synthesis and over-lap pcr method. the appa-c gene encoding 423 amino acids was cloned into expression vector ppic9 and transformed into methylotropic yeast pichia pastoris. from about 2000 transformants, 400 transformants exhibiting phytase activity were obtained. one transformant showing the strongest phytase activity was selected for detailed analyses in 5 l bioreactor. under control of the h ... | 2009 | 19733600 |
| extended spectrum ampc and metallo-beta-lactamases in serratia and citrobacter spp. in a disc approximation assay. | this study aimed to develop a novel model for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl), ampc and metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl) producing serratia and citrobacter species using cefoperazone sulbactam as well as other inducer-substrate combinations in a disc approximation assay. in the absence of molecular tools in developing countries, we attempted to standardize simple phenotypic techniques for detection of beta-lactamases to allow effective patient care in our countries. these techni ... | 2009 | 19759472 |
| extended spectrum ampc and metallo-beta-lactamases in serratia and citrobacter spp. in a disc approximation assay. | this study aimed to develop a novel model for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl), ampc and metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl) producing serratia and citrobacter species using cefoperazone sulbactam as well as other inducer-substrate combinations in a disc approximation assay. in the absence of molecular tools in developing countries, we attempted to standardize simple phenotypic techniques for detection of beta-lactamases to allow effective patient care in our countries. these techni ... | 2009 | 19759492 |
| enterobacteriaceae and related organisms isolated from nest run cart shelves in commercial shell egg processing facilities. | enterobacteriaceae, including salmonella, may be recovered from foods and processing facilities. high levels of enterobacteriaceae in the processing plant environment can be an indication of inadequate sanitation. this experiment was designed to determine if nest run egg carts serve as reservoirs for enterobacteriaceae. eggs that are produced by hens not housed in buildings connected to the processing plant are referred to as nest run. many of these eggs are transported to the plant on carts to ... | 2009 | 19762864 |
| prognostic serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha in paediatric patients with sepsis. | to study the association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in paediatric patients with different etiological agents and levels of sepsis. | 2009 | 19762956 |
| nosocomial transmission of highly resistant microorganisms on a spinal cord rehabilitation ward. | to study the mechanism of nosocomial transmission of highly resistant microorganisms (hrmos). | 2009 | 19777864 |
| microglial activation by citrobacter koseri is mediated by tlr4- and myd88-dependent pathways. | citrobacter koseri is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause a highly aggressive form of neonatal meningitis, which often progresses to establish multifocal brain abscesses. despite its tropism for the brain parenchyma, microglial responses to c. koseri have not yet been examined. microglia use tlrs to recognize invading pathogens and elicit proinflammatory mediator expression important for infection containment. in this study, we investigated the importance of the lps receptor tlr4 and myd88, ... | 2009 | 19812209 |
| infective endocarditis due to citrobacter koseri in an immunocompetent adult. | citrobacter koseri (formerly citrobacter diversus) is a motile gram-negative bacillus usually arising from urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. c. koseri rarely causes infection in immunocompetent patients and, thus far, has been considered an opportunistic pathogen. we report on a 30-year-old man, with no medical past, hospitalized for infective aortic endocarditis due to c. koseri. four weeks of antibiotherapy led to a full recovery for this patient. however, this case is unusual, as previous ... | 2009 | 19812281 |
| endogenous endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter koseri. | endogenous endophthalmitis occurs when organisms are hematogenously disseminated in to the eye from a distant focus of infection. the most common isolated organisms that cause endogenous endophthalmitis are klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli. previous reports on endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter species are limited. we present the first case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter koseri bacteremia and renal abscesses. | 2009 | 19834321 |
| induction of intestinal th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. | the gastrointestinal tract of mammals is inhabited by hundreds of distinct species of commensal microorganisms that exist in a mutualistic relationship with the host. how commensal microbiota influence the host immune system is poorly understood. we show here that colonization of the small intestine of mice with a single commensal microbe, segmented filamentous bacterium (sfb), is sufficient to induce the appearance of cd4(+) t helper cells that produce il-17 and il-22 (th17 cells) in the lamina ... | 2009 | 19836068 |
| comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of a fixed dose combination of ceftazidime + sulbactam with ceftazidime and sulbactam alone against five bacteria. | the efficacy of the agents was evaluated on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and time-kill curve analysis in pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, mycobacterium smegmatis, and citrobacter braakii; mic was found to be 0.5, 4.0, 0.015625, 0.0078125, and 0.0625 mg/l in fdc of ceftazidime + sulbactam, respectively, which is lower than ceftazidime and sulbactam individually. time-kill curve analysis demonstrated maximum killing of bacteria after 4 ... | 2009 | 19937210 |
| purification, characterization, and gene cloning of glucose-1-phosphatase from citrobacter braakii. | citrobacter braakii produced an intracellular acid glucose phosphatase (agpc) which was purified 986 fold to homogeneity with the specific activity of 286 units/mg. agpc hydrolyzed a wide variety of phosphorylated compounds with high activity for glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. the optimum ph and temperature for the enzyme activity was ph 5.0 and 45 degrees c, respectively. the km value for glucose-1-phosphate was 5.12 mm with a vmax 27.8 u mg(-1). its molecular weight was 46 kda by ... | 2009 | 19940380 |
| the natural cytotoxicity receptor nkp46 is dispensable for il-22-mediated innate intestinal immune defense against citrobacter rodentium. | natural cytotoxicity receptors (including nkp30, nkp44, and nkp46 in humans and nkp46 in mice) are type i transmembrane proteins that signal nk cell activation via itam-containing adapter proteins in response to stress- and pathogen-induced ligands. although murine nkp46 expression (encoded by ncr1) was thought to be predominantly restricted to nk cells, the identification of distinct intestinal nkp46(+) cell subsets that express the transcription factor rorc and produce il-22 suggests a broader ... | 2009 | 19846871 |
| bicarbonate-mediated stimulation of rega, the global virulence regulator from citrobacter rodentium. | the global virulence regulatory protein rega, an arac-like regulator, controls the expression of more than 60 genes in the mouse enteric pathogen citrobacter rodentium. in the presence of bicarbonate, rega activates the transcription of a number of virulence determinants and inhibits the expression of a series of housekeeping genes. to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which bicarbonate stimulates rega activity, we carried out biophysical and mutational analyses. our data indicate that rega e ... | 2009 | 19853617 |
| brain abscesses due to citrobacter koseri in a pair of twins. | 2009 | 19859021 | |
| [ability of opportunistic enterobacteria to adapt to different temperatures]. | to study variability of enzymatic apparatus of opportunistic enterobacteria. | 2009 | 19459471 |
| citrobacter rodentium colitis evokes post-infectious hyperexcitability of mouse nociceptive colonic dorsal root ganglion neurons. | to investigate the possible contribution of peripheral sensory mechanisms to abdominal pain following infectious colitis, we examined whether the citrobacter rodentium mouse model of human e. coli infection caused hyperexcitability of nociceptive colonic dorsal root ganglion (drg) neurons and whether these changes persisted following recovery from infection. mice were gavaged with c. rodentium or distilled water. perforated patch clamp recordings were obtained from acutely dissociated fast blue ... | 2009 | 19470777 |
| antibiotic resistance of gram negatives isolates from loggerhead sea turtles (caretta caretta) in the central mediterranean sea. | previous studies on fish and marine mammals support the hypothesis that marine species harbor antibiotic resistance and therefore may serve as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistance genetic determinants. the aim of this study was to assess the resistance to antimicrobial agents of gram negative strains isolated from loggerhead sea turtles (carettacaretta). oral and cloacal swabs from 19 live-stranded loggerhead sea turtles, with hooks fixed into the gut, were analyzed. the antimicrobial resistance ... | 2009 | 19473669 |
| temporal alterations in brain water diffusivity in neonatal meningitis. | to compare changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (adc) in neonatal meningitis using serial diffusion-weighted imaging (dwi). | 2009 | 19485957 |
| bacteria hijack integrin-linked kinase to stabilize focal adhesions and block cell detachment. | the rapid turnover and exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells provides an innate defence system against bacterial infection. nevertheless, many pathogenic bacteria, including shigella, are able to surmount exfoliation and colonize the epithelium efficiently. here we show that the shigella flexneri effector ospe (consisting of ospe1 and ospe2 proteins), which is highly conserved among enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, citrobacter rodentium and salmonella strains, rei ... | 2009 | 19489119 |
| bacterial flora in normal adult maxillary sinuses. | conflicting data exist about the presence of bacteria in healthy maxillary sinus cavities. this study was designed to determine the bacterial flora and to quantify the level of bacterial presence in healthy maxillary sinus cavities. | 2009 | 19490798 |
| bacterial ampd at the crossroads of peptidoglycan recycling and manifestation of antibiotic resistance. | the bacterial enzyme ampd is an early catalyst in commitment of cell wall metabolites to the recycling events within the cytoplasm. the key internalized metabolite of cell wall recycling, beta-d-n-acetylglucosamine-(1-->4)-1,6-anhydro-beta-n-acetylmuramyl-l-ala-gamma-d-glu-meso-dap-d-ala-d-ala (compound 1), is a poor substrate for ampd. two additional metabolites, 1,6-anhydro-n-acetylmuramyl-peptidyl derivatives 2a and 2c, served as substrates for ampd with a k(cat)/k(m) of >10(4) m(-1) s(-1). t ... | 2009 | 19496566 |
| activity of the anti-mrsa carbapenem razupenem (ptz601) against enterobacteriaceae with defined resistance mechanisms. | razupenem (previously known as ptz601, pz-601, smp-601 or sm-216601) is a novel carbapenem, active against enterobacteriaceae as well as gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci. | 2009 | 19497942 |
| methionine gamma-lyase: mechanistic deductions from the kinetic ph-effects. the role of the ionic state of a substrate in the enzymatic activity. | we have studied and compared the ph-dependencies of the main kinetic parameters for the alpha,gamma-elimination reactions of methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) of citrobacter intermedius with natural substrate, l-methionine, with its phosphinic analogue, and for alpha,beta-elimination reaction with s-methyl-l-cysteine. from the ph-dependency of k(cat)/k(m) for the reaction with l-methionine we have concluded that mgl is selective with respect to the zwitterionic form of its natural substrate. for the ... | 2009 | 19501676 |
| specificity analysis of a novel phage-derived ligand in an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7. | an assay using a phage-derived ligand to capture escherichia coli o157:h7 prior to antibody detection was evaluated for assay specificity. analysis of 200 strains showed that the assay was highly specific for the o157 serogroup. it detected all the o157:h7 strains including shiga toxin-producing o157 nonmotile strains as well as o157 non-h7 strains. in addition, the assay detected various o157:h7 phenotypic variants that are not easily detected by routine analytical methods, as well as a rough s ... | 2009 | 19517737 |
| distribution of espm and espt among enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli. | enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) translocate dozens of type iii secretion system effectors, including the wxxxe effectors map, espm and espt that activate rho gtpases. while map, which is carried on the lee pathogenicity island, is absolutely conserved among epec and ehec strains, the prevalence of espm and espt is not known. here we report the results of a large screen aimed at determining the prevalence of espm and espt among clinical epec and ehec ... | 2009 | 19528152 |
| decreased expression of colonic slc26a3 and carbonic anhydrase iv as a cause of fatal infectious diarrhea in mice. | citrobacter rodentium causes epithelial hyperplasia and colitis and is used as a model for enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli infections. little or no mortality develops in most inbred strains of mice, but c3h and fvb/n mice exhibit fatal outcomes of infection. here we test the hypothesis that decreased intestinal transport activity during c. rodentium infection results in fatality in c3h/heou and fvb/n mice. susceptible strains were compared to resistant c57bl/6 mice and to ... | 2009 | 19546193 |
| pathogenic bacteria induce colonic pept1 expression: an implication in host defense response. | expression of the di/tripeptide transporter pept1 has been observed in the colon under inflammatory conditions; however, the inducing factors and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. here, we address the effects of pathogenic bacteria on colonic pept1 expression together with its functional consequences. | 2009 | 19549526 |
| antibiotic susceptibility profiles of uncommon bacterial species causing severe infections in italy. | this study presents the results of the italian "severe infections project" involving bacteria that can be considered rare causes of disease. we isolated 30 uncommon human pathogens from a total of 60 strains (1.2% of all the isolates). the most frequent sources of uncommon human pathogens were primary bloodstream infections (48.3%) and pneumonia (20%). species such as comamonas testosteroni, enterococcus hirae, kluyvera ascorbata, kluyvera cryocrescens, leclercia adecarboxylata and ochrobactrum ... | 2009 | 19567344 |
| structure of an abequose-containing o-polysaccharide from citrobacter freundii o22 strain pcm 1555. | the lipopolysaccharide of citrobacter freundii o22 (strain pcm 1555) was degraded under mild acidic conditions and the o-polysaccharide released was isolated by gel chromatography. sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, including two-dimensional (1)h,(1)h roesy and (1)h,(13)c hmbc experiments, showed that the repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide has the following structure: alpha-abep 1 -->3 --> 2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-d-galp-(1--> ... | 2009 | 19576576 |
| production of l-dopa and dopamine in recombinant bacteria bearing the vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene. | given the well-established beneficial effects of vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) on heterologous organisms, the potential of this protein for the production of l-dopa and dopamine in two bacteria, citrobacter freundii and erwinia herbicola, was investigated. the constructed recombinants bearing the vhb gene (vgb(+)) had substantially higher levels of cytoplasmic l-dopa (112 mg/l for c. freundii and 97 mg/l for e. herbicola) than their respective hosts (30.4 and 33.8 mg/l) and the vgb(-) control st ... | 2009 | 19585534 |
| influence of long-term consumption of a lactococcus lactis strain on the intestinal immunity and intestinal flora of the senescence-accelerated mouse. | the senescence-accelerated mouse develops normally until 5-6 months of age and then displays rapid and irreversible advancement of senescence manifesting as clinical signs and gross lesions. to clarify the effect of lactic acid bacteria on the physiological changes with increasing age, heat-killed lactococcus lactis g50 was administered to 1-month-old senescence-accelerated-prone mouse (samp)6 mice for 11 months, a senescence-accelerated mouse strain that develops senile osteoporosis. mice fed g ... | 2009 | 19586567 |
| genetic context of plasmid-carried blacmy-2-like genes in enterobacteriaceae. | analysis of 15 european clinical enterobacteriaceae isolates showed that differences in the genetic context of blacmy-2-like genes reflected the replicon type, usually inca/c or inci1. these blacmy-2 loci may originate from the same isecp1-mediated mobilization from the citrobacter freundii chromosome as structures described in earlier studies. | 2009 | 19596889 |
| synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antibacterial activity of some thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole incorporating diphenylsulfone moieties. | a series of thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole incorporating diphenylsulfone moieties were synthesized starting from 5-[4-(4-x-phenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-4h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thioles 3a-c, x=h, cl, br. thus, alkylation of 1,2,4-triazoles 3 with phenacyl bromide or 4-bromophenacyl bromide afforded s-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles 4, 5. these new intermediates 4 and 5, in the presence of h(2)so(4) (c), were cyclized to 2-[4-(4-x-phenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(4-y-phenyl)[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-b]-[1,2,4]-triazoles 6, 7 ... | 2009 | 19616347 |
| bacterial contamination of blood and blood components in three major blood transfusion centers, accra, ghana. | reports from studies conducted in several countries indicate a high incidence of bacterial contamination of donor blood. the prevalence of bacterial contamination of blood and its products in ghana is not known. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination of blood and its products at the three major blood transfusion centers in the greater accra region of ghana. stored whole blood and its products were cultured on different media, and isolates were identified ... | 2009 | 19628902 |
| differentiation of whole bacterial cells based on high-throughput microarray chip printing and infrared microspectroscopic readout. | using robotic automation, a microarray printing protocol for whole bacterial cells was developed for subsequent label-free and nondestructive infrared microspectroscopic detection. using this contact microspotting system, 24 microorganisms were printed on zinc selenide slides; these were 6 species of listeria, 10 species of vibrio, 2 strains of photobacterium damselae, yersinia enterocolitica 289, bacillus cereus atcc 14529, staphylococcus aureus, atcc 19075 (serotype 104 b), shigella sonnei 201 ... | 2009 | 19630511 |
| community-wide response of the gut microbiota to enteropathogenic citrobacter rodentium infection revealed by deep sequencing. | we investigated the spatial and temporal response of the murine gut microbiome to infection with citrobacter rodentium, an attaching-and-effacing bacterium that provokes innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in transient bacterial colitis. previous studies have suggested that c. rodentium-induced inflammation is associated with an increased abundance of enterobacteriaceae. we report here a deeper analysis of this model using dna bar coding and 454 pyrosequencing to characterize 101,894 ... | 2009 | 19635824 |
| resistance against broad-spectrum beta-lactams among uropathogens in children. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence trends and risk factors for urinary tract infection (uti) caused by enterobacteriaceae resistant to broad-spectrum beta-lactams in children. all enterobacteriaceae uropathogens from children <15 years during the 11-year period 1997-2007 were included, and risk factors were evaluated. of 523 enterobacteriaceae isolated from 473 children, 30 (5.73%) were phenotypically resistant to broad-spectrum beta-lactams (18 escherichia coli, ten klebsie ... | 2009 | 19636594 |
| phenotypic characterization of human pathogenic bacteria in fish from the coastal waters of south west cameroon: public health implications. | increasing economic and recreational opportunities, attractive scenery and a perception of a better quality of life are luring people to the coast. unfortunately, these activities together with the commensurate increase in population in the area inevitably result in pollution of coastal waters with excessive microorganisms and other pollutants. microbial pollutants not only contaminate the coastal water but also aquatic food sources, thus posing a health risk to consumers. fish is a major source ... | 2009 | 19658320 |
| involvement of t helper type 17 and regulatory t cell activity in citrobacter rodentium invasion and inflammatory damage. | citrobacter rodentium is a murine pathogen that transiently colonizes the lumen of the large intestine. c. rodentium induces colitis, but the relative importance and temporal induction of the t helper type 17 (th17) and regulatory t cell (t(reg)) pathways in protection from the infection and inflammation have not been assessed. our aim was to investigate the key immunological signalling events associated with successful clearance of c. rodentium. mice were challenged with luminescent-tagged c. r ... | 2009 | 19659780 |
| vasoactive intestinal peptide ameliorates intestinal barrier disruption associated with citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. | attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens attach to the apical surface of epithelial cells and disrupt epithelial barrier function, increasing permeability and allowing luminal contents access to the underlying milieu. previous in vitro studies demonstrated that the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) regulates epithelial paracellular permeability, and the high concentrations and close proximity of vip-containing nerve fibers to intestinal epithelial cells would support such a func ... | 2009 | 19661153 |
| screening, purification, and identification of the enzyme producing n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester. | screening was carried out for microorganisms able to produce n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester [apm] from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride. of the 422 strains examined, 44 strains belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae were found to produce apm. the enzyme catalyzing apm production was purified and identified as dipeptidase e. | 2009 | 19664550 |
| th17 cytokines and host-pathogen interactions at the mucosa: dichotomies of help and harm. | the mucosal surfaces are often the first site of interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and the host. activation of the mucosal immune response has the important function of containing an infection and preventing dissemination of pathogens to systemic sites (barrier function). numerous lines of evidence suggest that the barrier function is orchestrated by a subset of cytokines (interleukin (il-)17 and il-22), which belong to the th17 family. il-17 and il-22 induce expression of antimicrob ... | 2009 | 19665391 |
| [antimicrobial activity of tebipenem against various clinical isolates from various specimen, mainly urinary tract]. | tebipenem is the active metabolite of me1211, tebipenem pivoxil, a novel oral carbapenem that possesses potent activity against almost pathogens except for pseudomonas aeruginosa. in this study, we compared the susceptibility of tebipenem with current antibiotics against various organisms isolated from various specimen, mainly urinary tract. tebipenem had a potent activity against neisseria gonorrhoeae; its activity was comparable to it of cefixime that has most potent activity among oral antibi ... | 2009 | 19673353 |
| cxcr2-dependent mucosal neutrophil influx protects against colitis-associated diarrhea caused by an attaching/effacing lesion-forming bacterial pathogen. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is a major cause of diarrheal disease in young children, yet symptoms and duration are highly variable for unknown reasons. citrobacter rodentium, a murine model pathogen that shares important functional features with epec, colonizes mice in colon and cecum and causes inflammation, but typically little or no diarrhea. we conducted genome-wide microarray studies to define mechanisms of host defense and disease in c. rodentium infection. a significant fract ... | 2009 | 19675161 |
| hidden qnrb12 gene in a finnish faecal microbiota isolate from 1994. | 2009 | 19692413 | |
| bacteria isolated from 25 hydatid cysts in sheep, cattle and goats. | bacteria were isolated from 12 of 25 hydatid cysts collected from the lungs and livers of cattle, sheep and goats slaughtered in the province of messina, sicily, italy. citrobacter freundii was isolated from seven of the cysts, aeromonas hydrophila from three, staphylococcus species from two, salmonella species from two and escherichia coli and proteus vulgaris from one. | 2009 | 19700784 |
| comparative study of anthocyanin composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum l.) fruits. | simultaneous comparison of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum l) fruits for their anthocyanin composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity is reported. the aim of this study was to investigate and to compare anthocyanin composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in bilberry and blueberry fruits and their skins. the investigations revealed that the highest amount of total anthocyanins was observed in fruits skins of blueberry cultivars. the resul ... | 2009 | 19702172 |
| an outer membrane protease of the omptin family prevents activation of the citrobacter rodentium phopq two-component system by antimicrobial peptides. | the phopq two-component system of the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica senses and controls resistance to alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides (amps) by regulating covalent modifications of lipid a. a homologue of the phopq operon was found in the genome of the murine enteric extracellular pathogen, citrobacter rodentium. here we report that c. rodentium phopq was apparently unable to mediate activation of target genes in the presence of alpha-helical amps. however, these amps activated ... | 2009 | 19708916 |
| [formation of biofilms by fecal strains of enterobacteria and yeast fungi from candida genus]. | to assess the ability of bacteria and candida genus' yeast fungi from human fecal microflora to form biofilms. | 2009 | 19715202 |
| a survey of veterinary hospitals in nigeria for the presence of some bacterial organisms of nosocomial and zoonotic potential. | this study was undertaken to determine the type and estimate the prevalence of bacterial organisms on contact surfaces of five close-to-patient facilities in three veterinary health care settings within the sokoto metropolis of north-western nigeria. a total of 30 samples (10 from each setting) were collected and analysed using culture, microscopy and biochemical testing. bacterial species isolated from samples in this study included the following: bacillus sp. (27.3%), staphylococcus aureus (15 ... | 2009 | 20391375 |
| [etiological structure and sensitivity to antibiotics of the infection process pathogens in general surgical hospital]. | the studying of the species and their sensitivity to antibiotics of mostly spread infection factors constitute one of the main trends in intrastationary infection prophylaxis. in 307 patients, suffering the infection processes of various localization, such as purulent wounds, cholecystitis, cholangitis, peritonitis etc., there were studied up the species and sensitivity to antibiotics of the microorganisms determined. staphylococcus spp. and e. coli were determined most frequently, somewhat rare ... | 2009 | 20458947 |
| [clinical assessment of novel chromid esbl agar plates for detection of esbl producers in the family enterobacteriaceae]. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producers in the family enterobacteriaceae are recognized worldwide as nosocomial pathogens, however it is difficult to screen them in the routine laboratory processing. chromid esbl agar newly developed for screening esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae was released in japan in april, 2007. we evaluated the clinical assessment of chromid esbl agar in routine microbiology laboratory. the 47 strains investigated were clinical isolates belonging to the family e ... | 2009 | 20528091 |
| resistances of antibiotics and heavy metals in enterobacteriaceae spp. isolated from gills and intestines of achanthobrama marmid (heckel,1843) from sir dam lake turkey. | a total of 94 bacteria, associated with wild achanthobrama marmid (heckel, 1843) in sir dam lake of turkey identified. subsequently selected isolates were characterized and identified to the genus level the 94 members of enterobacteriaceae were isolated in the gills and intestines, and among the isolates, e. coli were represented at a rate of 55%, shigella spp. at a rate of 21%, salmonella spp. at a rate of 9%, citrobacter spp. at a rate of 9%, klebsiella spp. at a rate of 3% and proteus spp., a ... | 2009 | 20112859 |
| [enteropathogens relating to diarrhea in hiv patients on antiretroviral therapy]. | the etiology of the diarrheic process in aids may be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa or helminths, as well as hiv itself. this study evaluated enteropathogens relating to diarrhea in hiv patients who were on antiretroviral therapy. the parasitological methods used were faust, hoffmann and kinyoun. isolation and culturing of fungi were carried out in accordance with the methodology recommended by the nccls m27-a standard. the yeast species were identified using the polymerase chain r ... | 2009 | 19967238 |
| [citrobacter koseri brain abscess in an infant: case report and literature review]. | we present a 2 month-old female infant admitted to the hospital with macrocephaly as main clinical sign, irritability, and vomiting. the computer tomography scanning showed a cystic frontal image with contralateral ventricle displacement. surgical intervention was performed. purulent material culture was positive for citrobacter koseri (diversus). cerebrospinal fluid culture was negative. the infant was treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks with a good outcome. she presented postsurgical hydrocep ... | 2009 | 20049403 |
| plasmid incidence, antibiotic and metal resistance among enterobacteriaceae isolated from algerian streams. | enterobacteriaceae isolates from surface water were examined to assess impact of feacal and/or metal pollution on heavy metal, antibiotics resistance and plasmid incidence. a bi-modal cmi distribution was noted for cadmium and mercury. on the other hand, modal distribution was observed for pb. critical metal concentration were >8, >32, > or =4096 microg ml(-1) for mercury, cadmium and lead, respectively. high resistance to pb and low resistance to cd were remarked in stream water polluted with h ... | 2009 | 20180322 |
| extended spectrum beta-lactamase detection in gram-negative bacilli of nosocomial origin. | resistance to third generation cephalosporins by acquisition and expression of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) enzymes among gram-negative bacilli is on a rise. the presence of esbl producing organisms significantly affects the course and outcome of an infection and poses a challenge to infection management worldwide. | 2009 | 20300397 |
| multidrug-resistant nosocomial citrobacter in a hospital in kathmandu. | citrobacter sp. is a commensal flora and an infrequent nosocomial pathogen to cause nuisance in hospital settings. recently, the isolation of this pathogen in health care setting is rising and the multidrug resistant strains are emerging. this pathogen cause wide array of infections and the mortality rate is unexpectedly high of 30.0-60.0%. extended spectrum cephalosporins have been used to treat this pathogen and due to the emergence of resistant strains to these drugs newer treatment protocols ... | 2009 | 20334070 |
| determination of bacterial antibiotic resistance based on osmotic shock response. | we investigate the buoyant mass of bacterial cells in real time with the suspended microchannel resonator (smr) as the population recovers from an osmotic shock. the density of the culture medium is chosen such that the bacteria initially have a positive buoyant mass which becomes negative as they recover from the hyperosmotic stress. this behavior can be used to differentiate between an antibiotic-resistant and an antibiotic-susceptible strain of the pathogenic bacteria citrobacter rodentium, a ... | 2009 | 20337387 |
| urinary bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile for the years 2005-2007 in st kitts. | the purpose of this study is to review bacterial isolates from cases of urinary tract infection (uti) and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for the years 2005-2007 in st kitts. it is hoped that the study will be of use in the treatment of cases of uti in st kitts. | 2009 | 20583685 |
| effects of gender and seasonal variation on the prevalence of bacterial septicemia among young children in benin city, nigeria. | to determine the effects of gender and seasonal variations on the prevalence of bacterial septicaemia among children 5 years and younger, and to identify the bacterial agents responsible for septicaemia and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. | 2009 | 21483524 |
| conjugal transformation and transposon and chemical mutagenesis of gram-negative selenate-respiring citrobacter sp. strain jsa. | conjugal mating between selenate-reducing citrobacter sp. strain jsa and escherichia coli s17-1 bearing psup2021 allowed transposon mutagenesis and chromosomal transformation. kanamycin-resistant transconjugants were obtained successfully by this method from a freshwater selenate-respiring citrobacter sp. strain jsa. the maximum frequency of kanamycin-resistant tn5 transconjugants was 3.6 x 10(-6) per recipient of this strain. of these transconjugants, eight strains of selenate reduction-deficie ... | 2009 | 19365687 |
| biodegradation potential of pure and mixed bacterial cultures for removal of 4-nitroaniline from textile dye wastewater. | environmentally toxic aromatic amines including nitroanilines are commonly generated in dye contaminated wastewater in which azo dyes undergo degradation under anaerobic conditions. the aim of this study was to develop a process for biological treatment of 4-nitroaniline. three bacteria identified as acinetobacter sp., citrobacter freundii and klebsiella oxytoca were isolated from enrichment cultures of activated sludge on 4-nitroaniline, after which the isolates and the mixed culture were studi ... | 2009 | 19114284 |
| interleukin-17 in host defence against bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal pathogens. | the mammalian immune system is intricately regulated, allowing for potent pathogen-specific immunity to be rapidly activated in response to infection with a broad and diverse array of potential pathogens. as a result of their ability to differentiate into distinct effector lineages, cd4 t cells significantly contribute to pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses. through the production of effector cytokines, cd4 t helper (th) cells orchestrate the precise mobilization of specific immune cells ... | 2009 | 19125888 |
| role of azithromycin against clinical isolates of family enterobacteriaceae: a comparison of its minimum inhibitory concentration by three different methods. | to determine the effect of azithromycin, a new azalide antibiotic, on clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae and to determine and compare its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) by disk diffusion, agar dilution and e-test methods. | 2009 | 19384031 |
| learning susceptibility of a pathogen to antibiotics using data from similar pathogens. | selection of empirical antibiotic therapy relies on knowledge of the in vitro susceptibilities of potential pathogens to antibiotics. in this paper the limitations of this knowledge are outlined and a method that can reduce some of the problems is developed. | 2009 | 19387503 |
| two chromosomally located qnrb variants, qnrb6 and the new qnrb16, in citrobacter spp. isolates causing bacteraemia. | the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance genes qnra, qnrb and qnrs in a collection of enterobacteriaceae causing bacteraemia. the presence of the three genes was tested for using multiplex pcr in 306 clinical isolates. plasmid analysis was performed using i-ceui and s1 nuclease digestion and hybridization with specific probes for the qnr and 23s rrna genes. five strains were found to carry a qnr gene, one of which, qnrb16, a new varian ... | 2009 | 19392890 |
| cardiac tamponade caused by polymicrobial gram-negative organisms. | polymicrobial gram-negative pericarditis is a rare entity. we describe the first case of suppurative pericarditis with citrobacter diversus and proteus mirabilis. | 2009 | 19395299 |
| differential roles of interleukin-17a and -17f in host defense against mucoepithelial bacterial infection and allergic responses. | interleukin-17a (il-17a) is a cytokine produced by t helper 17 (th17) cells and plays important roles in the development of inflammatory diseases. although il-17f is highly homologous to il-17a and binds the same receptor, the functional roles of this molecule remain largely unknown. here, we demonstrated with il17a(-/-), il17f(-/-), and il17a(-/-)il17f(-/-) mice that il-17f played only marginal roles, if at all, in the development of delayed-type and contact hypersensitivities, autoimmune encep ... | 2009 | 19144317 |
| molecular identification of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria from raw cow's milk. | the aim of this study was to use molecular techniques to assess the microbiota of eight raw cow's milk samples at biotype and species level. sixty-six isolates from raw milk samples were screened by randomly amplified polymorphic dna-pcr (rapd-pcr) biotyping and representative strains of rapd-pcr profiles were identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing. pseudomonas spp. were the most commonly occurring contaminants along with enterobacteriaceae such as hafnia alvei, serratia marcescens and citrobact ... | 2009 | 19171267 |
| a prospective, descriptive study to identify the microbiological profile of chronic wounds in outpatients. | indiscriminate use of antibiotics for infected chronic wounds is a global problem that may contribute to delayed healing and the development of drug-resistant micro-organisms. a prospective, descriptive cohort study of 50 male and female outpatients (mean age 52.50 [+/- 14.84] years, range 18-90) with 52 chronic wounds was conducted to investigate the microbiological profile and prevalence of drug-resistant strains in chronic nonhealing wounds to develop an evidence-based approach to antibiotic ... | 2009 | 19174585 |
| cmy-31 and cmy-36 cephalosporinases encoded by cole1-like plasmids. | two cmy-2 derivatives, cmy-31 (gln(215)-->arg) from salmonella enterica serotype newport and cmy-36 (ala(77)-->cys and gln(193)-->glu) from klebsiella pneumoniae, were characterized. both cephalosporinases functionally resembled cmy-2. bla(cmy) alleles occurred as parts of a putative transposon comprising isecp1b and a citrobacter freundii-derived sequence carried by cole1-like plasmids similar to cmy-5-encoding ptkh11 from klebsiella oxytoca. | 2009 | 19104021 |
| hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase gene regulation in different mouse inflammation models. | the objective of the study was to investigate the regulation of hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenases (fmo) fmo1, fmo3, fmo4, and fmo5 in three different mouse models of inflammation, including treatment with citrobacter rodentium, lipopolysaccharide (lps), and dextran sulfate sodium (dss). quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to evaluate the steady-state mrna levels for the various fmo isoforms in these mouse models of inflammation during d ... | 2009 | 19088265 |
| modelling of infection by enteropathogenic escherichia coli strains in lineages 2 and 4 ex vivo and in vivo by using citrobacter rodentium expressing tccp. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) strains colonize the human gut mucosa via attaching-and-effacing (a/e) lesion formation, while in vitro they employ diverse strategies to trigger actin polymerization. strains belonging to the epec-1 lineage trigger strong actin polymerization via tyrosine phosphorylation of the type iii secretion system (t3ss) effector tir, recruitment of nck, and activation of n-wasp. strains belonging to epec-2 and epec-4 can trigger strong actin polymerization by dual ... | 2009 | 19188355 |
| accumulation of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes, qepa and qnrs1, in enterobacter aerogenes co-producing rmtb and class a beta-lactamase lap-1. | a new plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump gene, qepa, is known to be associated with the rmtb gene, which confers high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. we investigated the qepa gene in 573 ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae including one citrobacter freundii known to harbor rmtb. of them, two clonally unrelated e. aerogenes harbored qepa. both isolates co-harbored rmtb, qnrs1, qepa, and bla(lap-1) on an incfi type plasmid. the qepa was flanked by two copies of is26 containing iscr3c, ... | 2009 | 19201742 |
| prevalence and characteristics of aac(6')-ib-cr in ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens: a multicenter study from korea. | we investigated the prevalence of aac(6')-ib-cr and its association with other resistance genes in ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae without any selection criteria. a total of 479 clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae (179), citrobacter freundii (134), and serratia marcescens (166) from 12 laboratories between march and july 2005 were examined. we performed polymerase chain reaction for aac(6')-ib, bla(oxa-1), isecp1, and class 1 integron. the aac(6')-ib-cr was further identified by digestio ... | 2009 | 19216942 |
| evaluation of colostrum-derived human mammary-associated serum amyloid a3 (m-saa3) protein and peptide derivatives for the prevention of enteric infection: in vitro and in murine models of intestinal disease. | in vitro experiments confirmed that a 10-mer peptide derived from human mammary-associated serum amyloid a3 (m-saa3) protected intestinal epithelial cells from enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) adherence. the entire 42-mer human m-saa3 protein was even more effective, reducing epec binding by 72% relative to untreated cells (p<0.05), compared with 25% and 57% reductions for the human 10-mer and lactobacillus gg, respectively. however, none of the m-saa3 peptides reduced salmonella invasio ... | 2009 | 19220465 |
| [multitalented lymphostatin]. | gastrointestinal infections are a significant cause of diarrhea and a worldwide problem with annually one billion illnesses and 3 to 4 million deaths. gram negative bacteria like enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) in developing countries and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) in the developed world are responsible for the majority of acute diarrheal episodes, especially among children less than three years of age. pathogenic e. coli are supplied with an arsenal of effector proteins to modify and neut ... | 2009 | 19224428 |
| [a case of peritonitis due to streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus]. | a 55-year-old man admitted on april 1, 2008, for sudden abdominal pain onset whose laboratory data demonstrated apparent inflammation and whose computed tomography (ct) results showed free air and ascites underwent emergency surgery. an ascetic fluid sample submitted for bacteriological examination yielded streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. he was treated for 6 days with flomoxef (fmox; 3 g/day) and recovered, ... | 2009 | 19227226 |
| class 1 and class 2 integrons and plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in coliforms isolated from ten rivers in northern turkey. | we aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in coliforms isolated from ten rivers in northern region of turkey. a total of 183 isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol was detected in 58%, 51.9%, 24%, 28.4%, and 12.5%, respectively. twelve (6.5%) phylogenetically distant organisms were detected to harbor self-transmissible p ... | 2009 | 19229487 |
| characterization of a beta-glucoside operon (bgc) prevalent in septicemic and uropathogenic escherichia coli strains. | escherichia coli strains, in general, do not ferment cellobiose and aryl-beta-d-glucosidic sugars, although "cryptic" beta-d-glucoside systems have been characterized. here we describe an additional cryptic operon (bgc) for the utilization of cellobiose and the aryl-beta-d-glucosides arbutin and salicin at low temperature. the bgc operon was identified by the characterization of beta-glucoside-positive mutants of an e. coli septicemia strain (i484) in which the well-studied bgl (aryl-beta-d-gluc ... | 2009 | 19233952 |
| 1h-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for identifying and quantifying common uropathogens: a metabolic approach to the urinary tract infection. | to address the shortcomings of urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (uti), we used 1h-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy for identifying and quantifying escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia and proteus mirabilis. | 2009 | 19239442 |
| contribution of the pst-phou operon to cell adherence by atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli and virulence of citrobacter rodentium. | strains of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) generally employ the adhesins bundle-forming pili (bfp) and intimin to colonize the intestine. atypical epec strains possess intimin but are negative for bfp and, yet, are able to cause disease. to identify alternative adhesins to bfp in atypical epec, we constructed a transposon mutant library of atypical epec strain e128012 (serotype o114:h2) using tnphoa. six mutants that had lost the ability to adhere to hep-2 cells were identified, and in ... | 2009 | 19255191 |
| detection of bacterioplankton in immersed cadavers using selective agar plates. | we measured bacterioplankton in blood from cadavers retrieved from the sea (n=12), near estuaries (n=4), rivers (fresh water, n=8) and from bathtubs (n=4) as well as from non-drowned victims (n=10) discovered near aquatic environments. blood from 11 victims drowned in seawater developed bioluminescent and/or blue colonies (oxidase test positive) on selective media containing 2-4% nacl. homology analyses of the 16s rrna gene showed that all of them were marine bacteria (genera: photobacterium, vi ... | 2009 | 19261520 |
| effect of probiotics lactobacillus acidophilus on citrobacter rodentium colitis: the role of dendritic cells. | modulation of the intestinal immune response early in life by administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or attenuating infectious diarrhea. we preinoculated the mice early in life with the probiotic bacteria lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm (la) at age 2 wk. dendritic cells (dcs) were collected and purified from mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) and spleens of the balbc/byj mice. dc isolation and adoptive transfer was used to examine the function of probiotics. we ... | 2009 | 19262293 |