Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates indicating possible nosocomial transmission routes in a community hospital in japan. | a clinical study was designed to study streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from a community hospital in japan from april 2001 to november 2002. a total of 73 isolates were defined as derived from inpatient, outpatient, and hospital staff groups. the mic results showed that 20 strains (27.4%) were susceptible to penicillin g, 39 strains (53.4%) had intermediate resistance, and 14 strains (19.2%) had full resistance. low susceptibility to macrolides was also detected: 32.9%, 32.9%, and 34. ... | 2007 | 17855576 |
| enterococcal colonization of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit: associated predictors, risk factors and seasonal patterns. | during and shortly after birth, newborn infants are colonized with enterococci. this study analyzes predictors for early enterococcal colonization of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit and describes risk factors associated with multidrugresistant enterococci colonization and its seasonal patterns. | 2007 | 17868474 |
| microbiological aspects of bacterial lower respiratory tract illness in children: typical pathogens. | whilst childhood immunization programmes have had an impact on the spectrum of pneumonic diseases seen in children, bacteria remain an important cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti), particularly in younger and debilitated children. because of the difficulty in obtaining lower respiratory tract specimens in children, specific diagnosis has often been difficult, although advances in diagnostic techniques have provided a much greater range of tools for the clinician. the challenge is ... | 2007 | 17868918 |
| acanthamoeba-campylobacter coculture as a novel method for enrichment of campylobacter species. | in this study, we present a novel method to isolate and enrich low concentrations of campylobacter pathogens. this method, acanthamoeba-campylobacter coculture (acc), is based on the intracellular survival and multiplication of campylobacter species in the free-living protozoan acanthamoeba polyphaga. four of the campylobacter species relevant to humans and livestock, campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, and c. hyointestinalis, were effectively enriched by the coculture method, with growth ra ... | 2007 | 17873069 |
| [efficacy and safety of potassium clavulanate/amoxicillin (clavamox) dry syrup in children with otitis media]. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of clavamox dry syrup (potassium clavulanate/amoxicillin) in children with otitis media, we conducted a postmarketing surveillance from february to september 2006. the analysis was made on the basis of 470 survey sheets collected from 127 medical institutions, of which we investigated 455 cases for safety, and 433 cases for efficacy. the efficacy was 95.2% in the 433 subjects eligible for the efficacy analysis. the clinical improvement rates for major symptoms ... | 2007 | 18018419 |
| a brief review of moxifloxacin in the treatment of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains a common cause of morbidity and a potentially life-threatening illness throughout the world mainly in elderly patients. initial antibacterial treatment, usually empirical, should be as effective as possible in order to assure rapid clinical resolution and reduce high rates of hospitalization and mortality especially affecting aged patients. new fluoroquinolones with potent activity against the most important respiratory pathogens including streptococcus ... | 2007 | 18044134 |
| microbiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the gulf corporation council states. | in spite of advances in microbiological and serological investigations over the last two decades, etiological attribution remains difficult in community-acquired pneumonia (cap). even after exhaustive investigation, the etiology of cap remains unknown in up to 50% of patients. common pathogens include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in addition, several investigators document the importance of atypical pathogens including mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamyd ... | 2007 | 18073166 |
| a case-control study on risk factors for early-onset respiratory tract infection in patients admitted in icu. | respiratory tract infections are common in intensive care units (icu), with incidences reported from 10 to 65%, and case fatality rates over 20% in pneumonia. this study was designed to identify risk factors for the development of an early onset respiratory tract infection (eri) and to review the microbiological profile and the effectiveness of first intention antibiotic therapy. | 2007 | 17888157 |
| role of different moieties from the lipooligosaccharide molecule in biological activities of the moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane. | lipooligosaccharide (los), a major component of the outer membrane of moraxella catarrhalis, consists of two major moieties: a lipid a and a core oligosaccharide (os). the core os can be dissected into a linker and three os chains. to gain an insight into the biological activities of the los molecules of m. catarrhalis, we used a random transposon mutagenesis approach with an los specific monoclonal antibody to construct a serotype a o35elgt3 los mutant. maldi-tof-ms of de-o-acylated los from th ... | 2007 | 17892485 |
| the rise and spread of a new pathogen: seroresistant moraxella catarrhalis. | the nosocomial human pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is one the most important agents of human respiratory tract infections. this species is composed of two distinct lineages, one of only moderate virulence, the so-called serosensitive subpopulation, and a second, the seroresistant one, which is enriched among strains that harbor two major virulence traits: complement resistance and adherence to epithelial cells. using a suite of population genetics tools, we show that the seroresistant lineage i ... | 2007 | 17895425 |
| identification of upper respiratory tract pathogens using electrochemical detection on an oligonucleotide microarray. | bacterial and viral upper respiratory infections (uri) produce highly variable clinical symptoms that cannot be used to identify the etiologic agent. proper treatment, however, depends on correct identification of the pathogen involved as antibiotics provide little or no benefit with viral infections. here we describe a rapid and sensitive genotyping assay and microarray for uri identification using standard amplification and hybridization techniques, with electrochemical detection (ecd) on a se ... | 2007 | 17895966 |
| the dynamics of bacteria in the middle ear during the course of acute otitis media with tympanostomy tube otorrhea. | dynamics of bacteria during acute otitis media (aom) has not been thoroughly studied because it requires repeated tympanocentesis. aom with tympanostomy tube otorrhea provides a unique opportunity to study the appearance and disappearance of pathogens during the course of the disease without stressing the child. | 2007 | 17901793 |
| biomimetic total synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of anachelin h. | the first biomimetic total synthesis of the iron chelator anachelin h isolated from the cyanobacterium anabaena cylindrica is reported. a first generation approach delivered one enantiomeric series of the polyketide fragment. comparison of the 1h nmr data suggested the relative configuration of this anachelin fragment. the relative and absolute configuration of anachelin h was then established by total synthesis. a second generation approach involved the enzymatic conversion of n,n-dimethyltyram ... | 2007 | 17902695 |
| contribution of moraxella catarrhalis type iv pili to nasopharyngeal colonization and biofilm formation. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative mucosal pathogen of the human respiratory tract. although little information is available regarding the initial steps of m. catarrhalis pathogenesis, this organism must be able to colonize the human mucosal surface in order to initiate an infection. type iv pili (tfp), filamentous surface appendages primarily comprised of a single protein subunit termed pilin, play a crucial role in the initiation of disease by a wide range of bacteria. we previously iden ... | 2007 | 17908808 |
| national and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 u.s. faropenem surveillance study. | surveillance studies conducted in the united states over the last decade have revealed increasing resistance among community-acquired respiratory pathogens, especially streptococcus pneumoniae, that may limit future options for empirical therapy. the objective of this study was to assess the scope and magnitude of the problem at the national and regional levels during the 2005-2006 respiratory season (the season when community-acquired respiratory pathogens are prevalent) in the united states. a ... | 2007 | 17908940 |
| oral garenoxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: a phase ii, multicenter, noncomparative, open-label study in adult patients undergoing sinus aspiration. | garenoxacin is a des-f(6)-quinolone with in vitro activity against key respiratory pathogens, including streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and moraxella catarrhalis. limited data are available regarding the effect of garenoxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. | 2007 | 17919545 |
| a conserved glycine residue of trimeric autotransporter domains plays a key role in yersinia adhesin a autotransport. | the yersinia adhesin a (yada) is a trimeric autotransporter adhesin of enteric yersiniae. it consists of three major domains: a head mediating adherence to host cells, a stalk involved in serum resistance, and an anchor that forms a membrane pore and is responsible for the autotransport function. the anchor contains a glycine residue, nearly invariant throughout trimeric autotransporter adhesins, that faces the pore lumen. to address the role of this glycine, we replaced it with polar amino acid ... | 2007 | 17921300 |
| role of albumin coating of tympanostomy tubes: long-term clinical evaluation. | our previous work has shown that albumin coating of tympanostomy tubes prevented adhesion of proteins or bacteria on the tube surface in vitro and in a 9-month prospective follow-up study. this study was continued until all tubes were extruded. | 2007 | 17921900 |
| childhood asthma after bacterial colonization of the airway in neonates. | pathological features of the airway in young children with severe recurrent wheeze suggest an association between bacterial colonization and the initiating events of early asthma. we conducted a study to investigate a possible association between bacterial colonization of the hypopharynx in asymptomatic neonates and later development of recurrent wheeze, asthma, and allergy during the first 5 years of life. | 2007 | 17928596 |
| in vivo efficacy of ceftaroline (ppi-0903), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, compared with linezolid and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus in a rabbit endocarditis model. | using the rabbit endocarditis model, we compared the activity of a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, ceftaroline, with those of linezolid and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. after a 4-day treatment, ceftaroline exhibited superior bactericidal in vivo activity against resistant s. aureus strains and appeared to be the most effective drug against a heterogeneous glycopeptide-intermediate s. aureus strain. | 2007 | 17591849 |
| in vivo efficacy of a novel oxazolidinone compound in two mouse models of infection. | a novel oxazolidinone, am 7359, was evaluated in two mouse models of staphylococcus aureus infection. am 7359 and linezolid were equally efficacious in a methicillin-susceptible s. aureus organ burden model and a methicillin-resistant s. aureus localized infection model. however, am 7359 was eightfold more efficacious than linezolid against a linezolid- and methicillin-resistant s. aureus strain in this localized (thigh) infection model. | 2007 | 17606686 |
| evaluation of susceptibility patterns and bro beta-lactamase types among clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis. | the aims of this study were to detect bro beta-lactamase types and to evaluate any correlation with the susceptibility patterns of 90 clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis. the overall prevalences of the bro-1 and bro-2 genes were 78% and 12%, respectively. penicillin g mics for bro-1+ isolates were significantly higher than those for bro-2+ isolates. all the isolates were susceptible to amoxycillin-clavulanate, levofloxacin and cefixime. resistance to clarithromycin, tetracycline and trime ... | 2007 | 17608812 |
| [susceptibility of clinical isolates from primary care clinics to oral antibacterial agents]. | the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates from specimens of patients in primary care clinics in 2005 was investigated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations of oral antibacterial agents. the numbers of test strains were 550 for gram-positive aerobes, 700 for gram-negative aerobes, and 150 for anaerobes. cefcapene (cfpn), cefditoren (cdtr), and cefteram (cftm) showed the most potent activities against staphylococcus spp. and streptococcus spp. among the cephems tested an ... | 2007 | 17436860 |
| nosocomial outbreak of corynebacterium striatum infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | we describe an unusual cluster of corynebacterium striatum infections in 21 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) admitted to a medium-size respiratory unit. eleven isolates from eight patients occurred simultaneously within a month. c. striatum is a potentially pathogenic microorganism with the ability to produce nosocomial infectious outbreaks and respiratory colonization in patients with advanced copd. | 2007 | 17409213 |
| characteristics of beta-lactamases and their genes (blaa and blab) in yersinia intermedia and y. frederiksenii. | the presence of beta-lactamases in y. enterocolitica has been reported to vary with serovars, biovars and geographical origin of the isolates. an understanding of the beta-lactamases in other related species is important for an overall perception of antibiotic resistance in yersiniae. the objective of this work was to study the characteristics of beta-lactamases and their genes in strains of y. intermedia and y. frederiksenii, isolated from clinical and non-clinical sources in india. | 2007 | 17407578 |
| activity of faropenem against middle ear fluid pathogens from children with acute otitis media in costa rica and israel. | faropenem was tested against 1,188 middle ear fluid pathogens from children in israel and costa rica. against streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae, faropenem was the most active beta-lactam, with activity that was similar to or greater than of the other oral antimicrobial classes studied. faropenem was also active against moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pyogenes. | 2007 | 17387157 |
| regions important for the adhesin activity of moraxella catarrhalis hag. | the moraxella catarrhalis hag protein, an oca autotransporter adhesin, has previously been shown to be important for adherence of this respiratory tract pathogen to human middle ear and a549 lung cells. | 2007 | 17608944 |
| [antibacterial activity of tosufloxacin against major organisms detected from patients with respiratory infections]. | we determined the susceptibility of bacteria which were isolated from the patients with respiratory infections between january and october 2005, to tosufloxacin and other fluoroquinolones. a total of 900 isolate including 300 streptococcus pneumoniae, 100 streptococcus pyogenes, 100 moraxella catarrhalis, 200 haemophilus influenzae, 100 klebsiella pneumoniae and 100 pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested. tosufloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and prulifloxacin were us ... | 2007 | 17612257 |
| metabolic analysis of moraxella catarrhalis and the effect of selected in vitro growth conditions on global gene expression. | the nucleotide sequence from the genome of moraxella catarrhalis atcc 43617 was annotated and used both to assess the metabolic capabilities and limitations of this bacterium and to design probes for a dna microarray. an absence of gene products for utilization of exogenous carbohydrates was noteworthy and could be correlated with published phenotypic data. gene products necessary for aerobic energy generation were present, as were a few gene products generally ascribed to anaerobic systems. enz ... | 2007 | 17620351 |
| concentrations in plasma, epithelial lining fluid, alveolar macrophages and bronchial mucosa after a single intravenous dose of 1.6 mg/kg of iclaprim (ar-100) in healthy men. | a validated microbiological assay was used to measure concentrations of iclaprim (ar-100) in plasma, bronchial mucosa (bm), alveolar macrophages (am) and epithelial lining fluid (elf) after a single 1.6 mg/kg intravenous 60 min iv infusion of iclaprim. | 2007 | 17623694 |
| molecular architecture of desi: a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of desosamine. | desosamine is a 3-(dimethylamino)-3,4,6-trideoxyhexose found, for example, in such macrolide antibiotics as erthyromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. the efficacies of these macrolide antibiotics are markedly reduced in the absence of desosamine. in the bacterium streptomyces venezuelae, six enzymes are required for the production of dtdp-desosamine. the focus of this x-ray crystallographic analysis is the third enzyme in the pathway, a plp-dependent aminotransferase referred to as desi. t ... | 2007 | 17630700 |
| the autotransporter esterase esta of pseudomonas aeruginosa is required for rhamnolipid production, cell motility, and biofilm formation. | pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 produces the biodetergent rhamnolipid and secretes it into the extracellular environment. the role of rhamnolipids in the life cycle and pathogenicity of p. aeruginosa has not been completely understood, but they are known to affect outer membrane composition, cell motility, and biofilm formation. this report is focused on the influence of the outer membrane-bound esterase esta of p. aeruginosa pao1 on rhamnolipid production. esta is an autotransporter protein which e ... | 2007 | 17631636 |
| the binax now test as a tool for diagnosis of severe acute otitis media and associated complications. | the diagnosis of acute otitis media (aom) is often difficult, depending heavily on the experience and skills of the examiner. however, it is important to identify episodes of aom that involve the risk of complications and to treat these episodes appropriately. the present study was performed in order to evaluate the use of a rapid antigen assay for streptococcus pneumoniae, the binax now test, as a diagnostic tool in patients with severe aom and associated complications. the study included 70 pa ... | 2007 | 17634299 |
| overcoming penicillin failures in the treatment of group a streptococcal pharyngo-tonsillitis. | the causes of penicillin failure in eradicating group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngo-tonsillitis (gabhs pt) are described. these include the presence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria that "protect" group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (gabhs) from penicillins; the absence of bacteria that interfere with the growth of gabhs; co-aggregation between gabhs and moraxella catarrhalis; and the poor penetration of penicillin into the tonsillar tissues and the tonsillo-pharyngeal cells. the u ... | 2007 | 17644191 |
| comparison of hand-held test kits, immunofluorescence microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometric analysis for rapid presumptive identification of yersinia pestis. | an in-house immunochromatographic test, plague biothreat alert test strips, abicap columns, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy were compared for the detection of the fraction 1 capsular antigen of yersinia pestis, using spiked buffer and clinical specimens. hand-held test kits proved to be excellent benchtop tools. | 2007 | 17652472 |
| effect of antibiotic prescribing on antibiotic resistance in individual children in primary care: prospective cohort study. | to assess the effect of community prescribing of an antibiotic for acute respiratory infection on the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in an individual child. | 2007 | 17656505 |
| passively released heme from hemoglobin and myoglobin is a potential source of nutrient iron for bordetella bronchiseptica. | colonization by bordetella bronchiseptica results in a variety of inflammatory respiratory infections, including canine kennel cough, porcine atrophic rhinitis, and a whooping cough-like disease in humans. for successful colonization, b. bronchiseptica must acquire iron (fe) from the infected host. a vast amount of fe within the host is sequestered within heme, a metalloporphyrin which is coordinately bound in hemoglobin and myoglobin. utilization of hemoglobin and myoglobin as sources of nutrie ... | 2007 | 17664260 |
| haemophilus influenzae phasevarions have evolved from type iii dna restriction systems into epigenetic regulators of gene expression. | phase variably expressed (randomly switching) methyltransferases associated with type iii restriction-modification (r-m) systems have been identified in a variety of pathogenic bacteria. we have previously shown that a phase variable methyltransferase (mod) associated with a type iii r-m system in haemophilus influenzae strain rd coordinates the random switching of expression of multiple genes, and constitutes a phase variable regulon--'phasevarion'. we have now identified the recognition site f ... | 2007 | 17675301 |
| phase 2 study of ceftaroline versus standard therapy in treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. | ceftaroline, the bioactive metabolite of ceftaroline fosamil (previously ppi-0903, tak-599), is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with potent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant gram-positive aerobic pathogens, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. a randomized, observer-blinded study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ceftaroline versus standard therapy in treating complicated skin and skin structure infections (csssi) was performed. adults with csssi, including at l ... | 2007 | 17682094 |
| moraxella catarrhalis associated with acute urethritis imitating gonorrhoea acquired by oral-genital contact. | a case of heterosexual transmission of moraxella catarrhalis by fellatio, which resulted in acute purulent urethritis mimicking gonorrhoea in the male partner, is described. in male patients with urethritis due to m. catarrhalis, orogenital contact with a sexual partner carrying the organism in his/her oropharynx is the probable route of transmission. | 2007 | 17686227 |
| modelling the co-occurrence of streptococcus pneumoniae with other bacterial and viral pathogens in the upper respiratory tract. | otitis media (om) is a major burden for all children, particularly for australian aboriginal children. streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and viruses (including rhinovirus and adenovirus) are associated with om. we investigated nasopharyngeal microbial interactions in 435 samples collected from 79 aboriginal and 570 samples from 88 non-aboriginal children in western australia. we describe a multivariate random effects model appropriate for analysis of longitu ... | 2007 | 17030494 |
| analysis of bartonella adhesin a expression reveals differences between various b. henselae strains. | bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease and the vasculoproliferative disorders bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis in humans. one of the best known pathogenicity factors of b. henselae is bartonella adhesin a (bada), which is modularly constructed, consisting of head, neck/stalk, and membrane anchor domains. bada is important for the adhesion of b. henselae to extracellular-matrix proteins and endothelial cells (ecs). in this study, we analyzed different b. henselae strains for ba ... | 2007 | 17060468 |
| analysis of bartonella adhesin a expression reveals differences between various b. henselae strains. | bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease and the vasculoproliferative disorders bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis in humans. one of the best known pathogenicity factors of b. henselae is bartonella adhesin a (bada), which is modularly constructed, consisting of head, neck/stalk, and membrane anchor domains. bada is important for the adhesion of b. henselae to extracellular-matrix proteins and endothelial cells (ecs). in this study, we analyzed different b. henselae strains for ba ... | 2007 | 17060468 |
| moraxella catarrhalis is internalized in respiratory epithelial cells by a trigger-like mechanism and initiates a tlr2- and partly nod1-dependent inflammatory immune response. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (copd). while m. catarrhalis has been categorized as an extracellular bacterium so far, the potential to invade human respiratory epithelium has not yet been explored. our results obtained by electron and confocal microscopy demonstrated a considerable potential of m. catarrhalis to invade bronchial epithelial (beas-2b) cells, type ii pneumocytes (a549) and primary small airway epithelial cells (saec ... | 2007 | 17054439 |
| characterization of the moraxella catarrhalis opa-like protein, olpa, reveals a phylogenetically conserved family of outer membrane proteins. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human-restricted pathogen that can cause respiratory tract infections. in this study, we identified a previously uncharacterized 24-kda outer membrane protein with a high degree of similarity to neisseria opa protein adhesins, with a predicted beta-barrel structure consisting of eight antiparallel beta-sheets with four surface-exposed loops. in striking contrast to the antigenically variable opa proteins, the m. catarrhalis opa-like protein (olpa) is highly conserved a ... | 2007 | 17041038 |
| mutational analysis of human ceacam1: the potential of receptor polymorphism in increasing host susceptibility to bacterial infection. | a common overlapping site on the n-terminal igv-like domain of human carcinoembryonic antigen (cea)-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) is targeted by several important human respiratory pathogens. these include neisseria meningitidis (nm) and haemophilus influenzae (hi) that can cause disseminated or persistent localized infections. to define the precise structural features that determine the binding of distinct pathogens with ceacams, we have undertaken molecular modelling and mutation o ... | 2007 | 16953805 |
| short report: antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections between 1987 and 2000, including beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains. | the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of five antibiotics and the presence of resistance genes was determined in 163 haemophilus influenzae isolates collected over 13 years (1987-2000) in four two-yearly sampling periods from patients with respiratory tract infections. the prevalence of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-susceptible strains was approximately 80% over the sampling period although fewer strains (65.9%) were recovered in the period 1995-1997. tem-1 type beta-lactamase-producin ... | 2007 | 16953950 |
| short report: antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections between 1987 and 2000, including beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains. | the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of five antibiotics and the presence of resistance genes was determined in 163 haemophilus influenzae isolates collected over 13 years (1987-2000) in four two-yearly sampling periods from patients with respiratory tract infections. the prevalence of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-susceptible strains was approximately 80% over the sampling period although fewer strains (65.9%) were recovered in the period 1995-1997. tem-1 type beta-lactamase-producin ... | 2007 | 16953950 |
| comparisons of parenteral broad-spectrum cephalosporins tested against bacterial isolates from pediatric patients: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1998-2004). | a contemporary collection of 12737 strains from pediatric patients (<18 years) isolated over a 7-year period (1998-2004) from 52 sentinel hospitals in north america was tested to determine the comparative antimicrobial potency of broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporins and selected comparator agents. most of the strains (84.1%) were isolated from blood stream or respiratory tract infections. the rank order of the top 10 pediatric pathogens analyzed was streptococcus pneumoniae (15.5%) >haemophi ... | 2007 | 16930923 |
| evaluation of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase for the identification of nonfermenting gram-negative rods. | to evaluate the activity of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (pyr) for the differentiation and identification of nonfermenting gram negative rods (nfgnr), 293 isolates were tested. a 24 h culture of each test organism was prepared. from this a 108-109 cfu/ml suspension was added to 0.25 ml of sterile physiologic solution. a pyr disk was then added and the test was incubated for 30 minutes at 35-37 degrees c, at environmental atmosphere. reading was done by adding 1 drop of cinnamaldehyde reagent. strain ... | 2007 | 16822636 |
| trends in resistance to penicillin and erythromycin of invasive pneumococci in portugal. | antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci is influenced by serotypes, antimicrobial consumption and vaccine use. serotyping of 697 out of 1331 pneumococcal isolates, recovered in portugal from 1994 to 2004, showed that the theoretical rate of heptavalent conjugate vaccine coverage was 91.7% and 63.6% for penicillin and erythromycin non-susceptible strains, respectively, in children up to 1 year old. the use of amoxicillin and erythromycin decreased in the vaccine period 2001-2004 (p=0.04 and p<0.0 ... | 2008 | 17697443 |
| trends in resistance to penicillin and erythromycin of invasive pneumococci in portugal. | antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci is influenced by serotypes, antimicrobial consumption and vaccine use. serotyping of 697 out of 1331 pneumococcal isolates, recovered in portugal from 1994 to 2004, showed that the theoretical rate of heptavalent conjugate vaccine coverage was 91.7% and 63.6% for penicillin and erythromycin non-susceptible strains, respectively, in children up to 1 year old. the use of amoxicillin and erythromycin decreased in the vaccine period 2001-2004 (p=0.04 and p<0.0 ... | 2008 | 17697443 |
| in vitro activity of dc-159a, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, compared with that of other agents against drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci. | dc-159a yielded mics of <or=1 mug/ml against 316 strains of both quinolone-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci (resistance was defined as a levofloxacin mic >or=4 microg/ml). although the mics for dc-159a against quinolone-susceptible pneumococci were a few dilutions higher than those of gemifloxacin, the mics of these two compounds against 28 quinolone-resistant pneumococci were identical. the dc-159a mics against quinolone-resistant strains did not appear to depend on the number or the type ... | 2008 | 17938189 |
| in vitro activity of dc-159a, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, compared with that of other agents against drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci. | dc-159a yielded mics of <or=1 mug/ml against 316 strains of both quinolone-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci (resistance was defined as a levofloxacin mic >or=4 microg/ml). although the mics for dc-159a against quinolone-susceptible pneumococci were a few dilutions higher than those of gemifloxacin, the mics of these two compounds against 28 quinolone-resistant pneumococci were identical. the dc-159a mics against quinolone-resistant strains did not appear to depend on the number or the type ... | 2008 | 17938189 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of dc-159a, a new fluoroquinolone. | dc-159a is a new 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone that possesses a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, with extended activity against gram-positive pathogens, especially streptococci and staphylococci from patients with community-acquired infections. dc-159a showed activity against streptococcus spp. (mic(90), 0.12 microg/ml) and inhibited the growth of 90% of levofloxacin-intermediate and -resistant strains at 1 microg/ml. the mic 90s of dc-159a against staphylococcus spp. were 0.5 microg/ml or ... | 2008 | 17938194 |
| a carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 homologue plays a pivotal role in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae colonization of the chinchilla nasopharynx via the outer membrane protein p5-homologous adhesin. | in vitro studies suggest an important role for ceacam1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1) in infection by multiple gram-negative bacteria. however, in vivo evidence supporting this role is lacking, largely because the bacterial adhesins involved in this host-microbe association do not bind to murine-derived ceacam1. one of several adhesins expressed by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), the outer membrane protein p5-homologous adhesin (or p5), is essential for co ... | 2008 | 17938212 |
| a carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 homologue plays a pivotal role in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae colonization of the chinchilla nasopharynx via the outer membrane protein p5-homologous adhesin. | in vitro studies suggest an important role for ceacam1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1) in infection by multiple gram-negative bacteria. however, in vivo evidence supporting this role is lacking, largely because the bacterial adhesins involved in this host-microbe association do not bind to murine-derived ceacam1. one of several adhesins expressed by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), the outer membrane protein p5-homologous adhesin (or p5), is essential for co ... | 2008 | 17938212 |
| a multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot hybridization (mpcr/rlb) assay for detection of bacterial respiratory pathogens in children with pneumonia. | to develop and evaluate a novel method for simultaneous identification of 12 potential bacterial pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia. | 2008 | 18085683 |
| binding of dr adhesins of escherichia coli to carcinoembryonic antigen triggers receptor dissociation. | carcinoembryonic antigen (cea)-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) are host receptors for the dr family of adhesins of escherichia coli. to define the mechanism for binding of dr adhesins to ceacam receptors, we carried out structural studies on the n-terminal domain of cea and its complex with the dr adhesin. the crystal structure of cea reveals a dimer similar to other dimers formed by receptors with igv-like domains. the structure of the cea/dr adhesin complex is proposed based on nmr s ... | 2008 | 18086185 |
| binding of dr adhesins of escherichia coli to carcinoembryonic antigen triggers receptor dissociation. | carcinoembryonic antigen (cea)-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) are host receptors for the dr family of adhesins of escherichia coli. to define the mechanism for binding of dr adhesins to ceacam receptors, we carried out structural studies on the n-terminal domain of cea and its complex with the dr adhesin. the crystal structure of cea reveals a dimer similar to other dimers formed by receptors with igv-like domains. the structure of the cea/dr adhesin complex is proposed based on nmr s ... | 2008 | 18086185 |
| sensing gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a human disease determinant? | 2008 | 18086818 | |
| sensing gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a human disease determinant? | 2008 | 18086818 | |
| moraxella catarrhalis synthesizes an autotransporter that is an acid phosphatase. | moraxella catarrhalis o35e was shown to synthesize a 105-kda protein that has similarity to both acid phosphatases and autotransporters. the n-terminal portion of the m. catarrhalis acid phosphatase a (mapa) was most similar (the blast probability score was 10(-10)) to bacterial class a nonspecific acid phosphatases. the central region of the mapa protein had similarity to passenger domains of other autotransporter proteins, whereas the c-terminal portion of mapa resembled the translocation doma ... | 2008 | 18065547 |
| outer membrane protein uspa1 and lipooligosaccharide are involved in invasion of human epithelial cells by moraxella catarrhalis. | invasion of non-professional phagocytes is a strategy employed by several mucosal pathogens, but has not been investigated in detail for moraxella catarrhalis, a major cause of human respiratory tract infections. we investigated the role of outer membrane protein (omp) uspa1 and lipooligosaccharide (los) in m. catarrhalis invasion into epithelial cells. an isogenic mutant of strain o35e, which lacked expression of the uspa1 adhesin, demonstrated not only severely impaired adherence (86%) to but ... | 2008 | 18069032 |
| increasing penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in nasopharyngeal streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from guatemalan children, 2001--2006. | we aimed to determine nasopharyngeal colonization rates and antibiotic resistance patterns of streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from guatemalan children, and to determine risk factors for colonization and antibiotic nonsusceptibility. | 2008 | 18035570 |
| increasing penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in nasopharyngeal streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from guatemalan children, 2001--2006. | we aimed to determine nasopharyngeal colonization rates and antibiotic resistance patterns of streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from guatemalan children, and to determine risk factors for colonization and antibiotic nonsusceptibility. | 2008 | 18035570 |
| effects of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on telithromycin pharmacokinetics in rats: inhibition of metabolism via cyp3a. | it has been reported that telithromycin is metabolized primarily via hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a1/2 in rats and that the expression of hepatic and intestinal cyp3a decreases in rats pretreated with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (eclps rats; an animal model of inflammation). thus, it is possible that the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (auc 0-infinity) of intravenous and oral telithromycin is greater for eclps rats than for the controls. t ... | 2008 | 18160519 |
| effects of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on telithromycin pharmacokinetics in rats: inhibition of metabolism via cyp3a. | it has been reported that telithromycin is metabolized primarily via hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a1/2 in rats and that the expression of hepatic and intestinal cyp3a decreases in rats pretreated with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (eclps rats; an animal model of inflammation). thus, it is possible that the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (auc 0-infinity) of intravenous and oral telithromycin is greater for eclps rats than for the controls. t ... | 2008 | 18160519 |
| symptom profile of common colds in school-aged children. | signs and symptoms of a common cold reported in young children are those perceived by caretakers. objective signs include cough, fever, and sneezing. subjective symptoms include nasal congestion, feverishness, headache, and sore throat. school-aged children may provide a more accurate picture of the symptom profile during colds because they can self-report. | 2008 | 18162930 |
| seasonal distribution of otitis media pathogens among costa rican children. | otitis media is an important cause of pediatric consultation, and knowledge of yearly pathogen distribution might improve antimicrobial selection. | 2008 | 18162931 |
| bacterial extracts for the prevention of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a point of view. | given the high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), the impact of exacerbations on quality of life, and the costs incurred, effective ways for the prevention of exacerbations, and for reductions in the severity and duration of copd symptoms are needed. bacterial immunostimulation has been advocated as a management strategy in copd for the purposes of preventing acute exacerbations. in particular, it suggests that the use of oral multicomponent vaccines may reduce the sever ... | 2008 | 18164190 |
| effects of the in vivo supply of butyrate on histone acetylation of cecum in piglets. | in vitro, butyrate inhibits histone deacetylase and down-regulates expression of cyclin d1. we hypothesized that an increased entry rate of butyrate into the cecal lumen would have similar effects in vivo. | 2008 | 18165447 |
| interventions for prevention of otitis media may be most effective if implemented in the first weeks of life. | for indigenous australian children living in remote communities, onset of otitis media commences within weeks of birth and is associated with early nasopharyngeal colonisation with multiple respiratory bacterial pathogens: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the high prevalence of eardrum perforation and the failure of standard therapies to cure or prevent om in this population require urgent attention. the objective of this study was to measure the chang ... | 2008 | 18006084 |
| use of population pharmacokinetic modeling and monte carlo simulation to describe the pharmacodynamic profile of cefditoren in plasma and epithelial lining fluid. | cefditoren is a broad-spectrum, oral cephalosporin that is highly active against clinically relevant respiratory tract pathogens, including multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. this study described its pharmacodynamic profile in plasma and epithelial lining fluid (elf). plasma and elf pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 24 patients under fasting conditions. cefditoren and urea concentrations were determined in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem m ... | 2008 | 17485507 |
| use of population pharmacokinetic modeling and monte carlo simulation to describe the pharmacodynamic profile of cefditoren in plasma and epithelial lining fluid. | cefditoren is a broad-spectrum, oral cephalosporin that is highly active against clinically relevant respiratory tract pathogens, including multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. this study described its pharmacodynamic profile in plasma and epithelial lining fluid (elf). plasma and elf pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 24 patients under fasting conditions. cefditoren and urea concentrations were determined in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem m ... | 2008 | 17485507 |
| role of t-lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is the fourth leading cause of death in the us and a major worldwide healthcare problem. the pathophysiologic mechanisms that drive development and progression of this disease are complex and only poorly understood. while tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor, other disease processes also appear to play a role. components of the innate immune system (eg, macrophages and neutrophils) have long been believed to be important in the development of co ... | 2008 | 19281072 |
| what are the implications for childhood pneumonia of successfully introducing hib and pneumococcal vaccines in developing countries? | 2008 | 19226734 | |
| prevalence of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in samples submitted for rsv screening. | the clinical presentation of bordetella pertussis can overlap with that of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv); however, management differs. | 2008 | 19561728 |
| animal models of streptococcus pneumoniae disease. | summary: streptococcus pneumoniae is a colonizer of human nasopharynx, but it is also an important pathogen responsible for high morbidity, high mortality, numerous disabilities, and high health costs throughout the world. major diseases caused by s. pneumoniae are otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. despite the availability of antibiotics and vaccines, pneumococcal infections still have high mortality rates, especially in risk groups. for this reason, there is an exceptionally exte ... | 2008 | 18854486 |
| [analysis on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of moraxella catarrhalis in children with lower respiratory tract infection in suzhou]. | 2008 | 19103131 | |
| bronchitis (acute). | acute bronchitis, with transient inflammation of the trachea and major bronchi, affects over 40/1000 adults a year in the uk. the causes are usually considered to be infective, but only around half of people have identifiable pathogens. the role of smoking or of environmental tobacco smoke inhalation in predisposing to acute bronchitis is unclear. a third of people may have longer-term symptoms or recurrence. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the followin ... | 2008 | 19445737 |
| ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | 2008 | 19750059 | |
| moraxella catarrhalis binding to host cellular receptors is mediated by sequence-specific determinants not conserved among all uspa1 protein variants. | the moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface proteins (uspas) are autotransporter molecules reported to interact with a variety of different host proteins and to affect processes ranging from serum resistance to cellular adhesion. the role of uspa1 as an adhesin has been confirmed with a number of different human cell types and is mediated by binding to eukaryotic proteins including carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecules (ceacams), fibronectin, and laminin. a distinct diffe ... | 2008 | 18678656 |
| two-partner secretion systems of neisseria meningitidis associated with invasive clonal complexes. | the two-partner secretion (tps) pathway is widespread among gram-negative bacteria and facilitates the secretion of very large and often virulence-related proteins. tps systems consist of a secreted tpsa protein and a tpsb protein involved in tpsa transport across the outer membrane. sequenced neisseria meningitidis genomes contain up to five tpsa- and two tpsb-encoding genes. here, we investigated the distribution of tps-related open reading frames in a collection of disease isolates. three dis ... | 2008 | 18678657 |
| modular arrangement of allelic variants explains the divergence in moraxella catarrhalis uspa protein function. | ubiquitous surface protein a molecules (uspas) of moraxella catarrhalis are large, nonfimbrial, autotransporter proteins that can be visualized as a "fuzzy" layer on the bacterial surface by transmission electron microscopy. previous studies attributed a wide array of functions and binding activities to the closely related uspa1, uspa2, and/or uspa2h protein, yet the molecular and phylogenetic relationships among these activities remain largely unexplored. to address this issue, we determined th ... | 2008 | 18678659 |
| molecular detection of multiple emerging pathogens in sputa from cystic fibrosis patients. | there is strong evidence that culture-based methods detect only a small proportion of bacteria present in the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. | 2008 | 18682840 |
| evaluation of the xpert methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) assay using the genexpert real-time pcr platform for rapid detection of mrsa from screening specimens. | the need for rapid methods to accurately detect methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is widely acknowledged, and a number of molecular assays are commercially available. this study evaluated the xpert mrsa assay, which is run on the genexpert real-time pcr platform (cepheid) for use in a clinical laboratory. the following parameters were investigated: (i) the limits of detection (lods) for four mrsa strains; (ii) the ability to detect isolates of mrsa from a collection representati ... | 2008 | 18685003 |
| structure of the head of the bartonella adhesin bada. | trimeric autotransporter adhesins (taas) are a major class of proteins by which pathogenic proteobacteria adhere to their hosts. prominent examples include yersinia yada, haemophilus hia and hsf, moraxella uspa1 and a2, and neisseria nada. taas also occur in symbiotic and environmental species and presumably represent a general solution to the problem of adhesion in proteobacteria. the general structure of taas follows a head-stalk-anchor architecture, where the heads are the primary mediators o ... | 2008 | 18688279 |
| hospital acquired pneumonia with high-risk bacteria is associated with increased pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase activity. | neutrophil products like matrix metalloproteinases (mmp), involved in bacterial defence mechanisms, possibly induce lung damage and are elevated locally during hospital- acquired pneumonia (hap). in hap the virulence of bacterial species is known to be different. the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of high-risk bacteria like s. aureus and pseudomonas species on pulmonary mmp concentration in human pneumonia. | 2008 | 18700005 |
| the first nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the japanese society of chemotherapy. part 1: a general view of antibacterial susceptibility. | the japanese society of chemotherapy (jsc) conducted the first nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens during the period from january to august 2006. with the cooperation of 32 medical institutions throughout japan, a total of 924 strains belonging to seven clinically relevant bacterial species were collected from adult patients with well-diagnosed respiratory tract infections (rtis). antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the 887 evaluable strains (205 staphylococcus aureus, ... | 2008 | 18709531 |
| predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. | despite the availability of published data on 4 pandemics that have occurred over the past 120 years, there is little modern information on the causes of death associated with influenza pandemics. | 2008 | 18710327 |
| genomic diversity within the enterobacter cloacae complex. | isolates of the enterobacter cloacae complex have been increasingly isolated as nosocomial pathogens, but phenotypic identification of the e. cloacae complex is unreliable and irreproducible. identification of species based on currently available genotyping tools is already superior to phenotypic identification, but the taxonomy of isolates belonging to this complex is cumbersome. | 2008 | 18716657 |
| the guinea pig as a model of infectious diseases. | the words 'guinea pig' are synonymous with scientific experimentation, but much less is known about this species than many other laboratory animals. this animal model has been used for approximately 200 y and was the first to be used in the study of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and diphtheria. today the guinea pig is used as a model for a number of infectious bacterial diseases, including pulmonary, sexually transmitted, ocular and aural, gastrointestinal, and other infections that t ... | 2008 | 18724774 |
| degradation of uniquely glycosylated secretory immunoglobulin a in tears from patients with pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. | to investigate the integrity of secretory (s)-iga in tear fluid during bacterial keratitis and to evaluate the significance of specific pseudomonas aeruginosa extracellular proteases in the observed degradation of s-iga. | 2008 | 18757515 |
| yersinia enterocolitica serum resistance proteins yada and ail bind the complement regulator c4b-binding protein. | many pathogens are equipped with factors providing resistance against the bactericidal action of complement. yersinia enterocolitica, a gram-negative enteric pathogen with invasive properties, efficiently resists the deleterious action of human complement. the major y. enterocolitica serum resistance determinants include outer membrane proteins yada and ail. lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen (o-ag) and outer core (oc) do not contribute directly to complement resistance. the aim of this study wa ... | 2008 | 18769718 |
| plastic polymers for efficient dna microarray hybridization: application to microbiological diagnostics. | fabrication of microarray devices using traditional glass slides is not easily adaptable to integration into microfluidic systems. there is thus a need for the development of polymeric materials showing a high hybridization signal-to-background ratio, enabling sensitive detection of microbial pathogens. we have developed such plastic supports suitable for highly sensitive dna microarray hybridizations. the proof of concept of this microarray technology was done through the detection of four huma ... | 2008 | 18784318 |
| rhinovirus disrupts the barrier function of polarized airway epithelial cells. | secondary bacterial infection following rhinovirus (rv) infection has been recognized in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 2008 | 18787220 |
| benefit-risk assessment of telithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. | the purpose of this review is to assess the benefits and risks associated with the use of the ketolide antibacterial telithromycin, currently licensed for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia (cap). telithromycin is active against both the major (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) and atypical/intracellular (chlamydophila pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and mycoplasma pneumoniae) cap pathogens. it is associated wit ... | 2008 | 18558790 |
| galactose residues on the lipooligosaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis 26404 form the epitope recognized by the bactericidal antiserum from conjugate vaccination. | lipooligosaccharide (los) from moraxella catarrhalis has the potential to elicit bactericidal antibodies against the pathogen. we generated los-based conjugate vaccines that elicited bactericidal antibodies in animal models. however, epitopes on the los recognized by the functional anti-los antibodies remain unidentified. in this study, a mutant strain, d4, which lost the recognition by a bactericidal anti-los rabbit serum in western blotting was generated from a serotype c strain 26404 by rando ... | 2008 | 18559429 |
| antimicrobial activity of dc-159a, a new fluoroquinolone, against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates. | the activity of dc-159a, a novel orally administered fluorinated quinolone, was evaluated by reference broth microdilution or agar dilution methods against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates from five continents. against pathogens associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (ca-rtis), the mic(90)s were 0.12 microg/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015 to 0.03 microg/ml for haemophilus influenzae, 0.03 microg/ml for moraxella catarrhalis, and 0.12 microg/ml for beta-h ... | 2008 | 18573936 |