Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [a retrospective analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of gastric stump cancer]. | to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of gastric stump cancer(gsc). | 2011 | 21609561 |
| an interaction between the walker a and d-loop motifs is critical to atp hydrolysis and cooperativity in bacteriophage t4 rad50. | the atp binding cassette (abc) proteins make up a large superfamily with members coming from all kingdoms. the functional form of the abc protein nucleotide binding domain (nbd) is dimeric with atp binding sites shared between subunits. the nbd is defined by six motifs: the walker a, q-loop, signature, walker-b, d-loop, and h-loop. the d-loop contains a conserved aspartate whose function is not clear but has been proposed to be involved in cross-talk between atp binding sites. structures of vari ... | 2011 | 21610075 |
| a facile method for the assessment of dna damage induced by uv-activated nanomaterials. | fluorescent microscopy observation of gene-size dna (t4 phage dna or λ phage dna) was used to assess dna damage induced by uv irradiation in the presence of nanomaterials, such as qds (quantum dots: cdse/zns semiconductor nanoparticles), the water-soluble fullerene derivative c(60)(oh)(n) (n = 6-12) and titanium oxide nanoparticles of 25 nm in diameter. the magnitude of dna damage could be simply evaluated based on the degree of shortening of the stretched dna image. this method showed that dna ... | 2011 | 21614347 |
| the complete genome sequence of a novel t4-like bacteriophage, ime08. | 2011 | 21614434 | |
| expression analysis of prestin and selected transcription factors in newborn rats. | transcription factors (tfs) have a central role to play in regulating gene expression. to analyze the co-expression patterns of selected tfs with the motor protein prestin of the outer hair cells, we applied an real-time pcr approach combining several kinds of information: (i) expression changes during postnatal development, (ii) expression changes by exposure of organotypic cultures of the organ of corti to factors which significantly affect prestin expression [thyroid hormone (t4), retinoic ac ... | 2011 | 21614551 |
| adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinus: retrospective study of 42 cases. | objectives: retrospective analysis of the oncological results and morbidity of ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma surgery, and identification of survival factors. material and methods: forty-two patients were treated from 1990 to 2009. the study covered clinical presentation, medical imaging, histologic data, tnm grade, treatment, morbidity and overall recurrence-free survival. results: forty-one men and one woman, with mean age at diagnosis of 61.5 years, were included. 85.7% had been exposed to wood ... | 2011 | 21616740 |
| [the role of chemotherapy in the management of bladder cancer.] | bladder cancer represents for man the second genitourinary cancer after prostate cancer. urothelial carcinoma is the most predominant histological type. in up to 70% of the cases, the diagnosis of bladder cancer is performed at early stages (ta-t1). in this situation, the treatment of the disease is the transurethral resection with or without intravesical treatment (bcg, amiticyne). in advanced disease, treatment is essentially palliative with chemotherapy based on cisplatin type mvac (methotrex ... | 2011 | 21620296 |
| neoadjuvant chemoradiation for clinically advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an analysis of 233 patients. | background: surgical intervention after chemoradiation for locoregionally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) is controversial. this study evaluated patient survival after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and anatomic pulmonary resections for locoregionally advanced nsclc. methods: clinicopathologic data were retrospectively collected for 233 patients (110 women, 123 men) with nsclc who underwent chemoradiation therapy, followed by pneumonectomy, sleeve lobectomy, bilobectomy, and standard lob ... | 2011 | 21620372 |
| the role of laparoscopic and robotic cystectomy in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with special emphasis on cancer control and complications. | context: minimally invasive radical cystectomy (mirc) techniques for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (bca) are being increasingly applied. mirc offers the potential benefits of a minimally invasive approach in terms of reduced blood loss and analgesic requirements whilst striving to provide similar oncologic efficacy to open radical cystectomy (orc). whether quicker recovery, shorter hospital stay, and a reduction in complications are routinely achieved with mirc remains to be pr ... | 2011 | 21620562 |
| proposal of new nodal classifications for non-small-cell lung cancer based on the number and ratio of metastatic lymph nodes. | objective: the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two new nodal classifications based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes (lns) or ratio of metastatic to examined lns (lnr) in making a prognosis, compared with the current nodal classification based on the location of metastatic lns. methods: we analyzed 651 non-small-cell lung cancer patients who had undergone complete resection with the removal of more than five lns between 1986 and 2003, excluding preoperative treatment cases, an ... | 2011 | 21620720 |
| changes in life style improve body composition, thyroid function and structure in obese children. | background. alterations in thyroid function and structure have been reported in obesity. function reverses to normal after weight loss, but nothing is known about structure. aim. to evaluate the effect of weight loss on thyroid function and structure in obese children. subjects and methods: the study was conducted in 72 overweight and obese children. measurement of ft3, ft4, tsh, antithyroid-antibodies and a thyroid ultrasound was performed at the beginning (phase 1) and after a period of 1.8 ± ... | 2011 | 21623157 |
| long-term results of salvage photodynamic therapy for patients with local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. | background and study aims: local failure after chemoradiotherapy (crt) remains a major problem for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc). the aim of this study was to clarify the long-term results of salvage photodynamic therapy (pdt) for local failure. patients and methods: patients were treated with crt, consisting of more than 50 gy irradiation and concurrent chemotherapy. the indications for salvage pdt were as follows: 1) absence of lymph-node or distant metastasis after c ... | 2011 | 21623555 |
| severe progressive scoliosis due to huge subcutaneous cavernous hemangioma: a case report. | cavernous hemangioma consists mainly of congenital vascular malformations present before birth and gradually increasing in size with skeletal growth. a small number of patients with cavernous hemangioma develop scoliosis, and surgical treatment for the scoliosis in such cases has not been reported to date. here we report a 12-year-old male patient with severe progressive scoliosis due to a huge subcutaneous cavernous hemangioma, who underwent posterior correction and fusion surgery. upon referra ... | 2011 | 21414205 |
| perinatal tcdd exposure alters developmental neuroendocrine system. | this study tested whether maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) may disrupt the development of neuroendocrine system of their offspring during the perinatal period. tcdd (0.2 or 0.4 µg/kg body weight) was orally administered to pregnant rats from gestation day (gd) 1 to lactation day (ld) 30. potential effects on neuroendocrine function were evaluated by measuring serum thyroid hormone levels in pregnant rats and their offspring and measuring some biochemical parameters ... | 2011 | 21414370 |
| anal cancer: an examination of radiotherapy strategies. | the radiation therapy oncology group 9811, accord-03, and act ii phase iii trials in anal cancer showed no benefit for cisplatin-based induction and maintenance chemotherapy, or radiation dose-escalation >59 gy. this review examines the efficacy and toxicity of chemoradiation (crt) in anal cancer, and discusses potential alternative radiotherapy strategies. the evidence for the review was compiled from randomized and nonrandomized trials of radiation therapy and crt. a total of 103 retrospective ... | 2011 | 21414513 |
| impaired pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine in severely obese volunteers. | suppressive or replacement doses of levothyroxine (lt4) are affected by the rate and extent of the active ingredient absorbed, as well as by the lean body mass. obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and is related with many comorbidities. the aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of lt4 in severely obese individuals and compared them with similar data in lean control subjects. | 2011 | 21417917 |
| [influence of c-kit rna interference mediated by admax adenovirus upon gastrointestinal stromal tumor in nude mice]. | to investigate a novel therapeutic regiment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (gist) based on c-kit rna interference (rnai) under the mediation of admax adenovirus. | 2011 | 21418861 |
| the collateral network concept: remodeling of the arterial collateral network after experimental segmental artery sacrifice. | a comprehensive strategy to prevent paraplegia after open surgical or endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms requires a thorough understanding of the response of the collateral network to extensive segmental artery sacrifice. | 2011 | 21419904 |
| [abnormal uptake of l-131 in the lung in a patient with thyroid cancer: is it metastasis or not?]. | a 66-year old woman with a background of cystic bronchiectasis in the right lung in her childhood was referred to endocrinology for a study of multinodular goiter. the patient did not report any personal or family backgrounds of thyroid cancer. the analysis showed the following hormone levels: free t4 1.14 µg/dl (ln: 0.9-1.7) and tsh 2.45 µu/ml (ln 0.3-4.5). the ultrasound showed several left thyroid lobe nodes smaller than 1cm, hypoechogenic and well-defined and a larger one in the right thyroi ... | 2011 | 21420668 |
| colorectal cancer in the young: trends, characteristics and outcome. | colorectal cancer (crc) in young patients is associated with a poor outcome due to advanced stage at diagnosis and poor differentiation. | 2011 | 21424713 |
| serum tsh reference interval in healthy finnish adults using the abbott architect 2000i analyzer. | current serum tsh reference intervals have been criticized as they were established from unselected background populations. a special concern is that the upper limit, which defines subclinical hypothyroidism, is too high. the objective was to redefine the tsh reference interval in the adult finnish population. the current reference interval for the widely used abbott architect method in finland is 0.4-4.0 mu/l. | 2011 | 21426266 |
| physiological role and regulation of iodothyronine deiodinases: a 2011 update. | t4 is a prohormone secreted by the thyroid. t4 has a long half life in circulation and it is tightly regulated to remain constant in a variety of circumstances. however, the availability of iodothyronine selenodeiodinases allow both the initiation or the cessation of thyroid hormone action and can result in surprisingly acute changes in the intracellular concentration of the active hormone t3, in a tissue- specific and chronologically-determined fashion, in spite of the constant circulating leve ... | 2011 | 21427525 |
| how to prepare a chiral grignard reagent: a theoretical proposal. | it is shown that two competitive pathways (t2 vs t4) exist for grignard reagent formation. while the nonradical pathway t2 leads to retention of the configuration, the radical pathway t4 gives racemization. our calculations suggest the way that t2 can be enhanced, which should be of significance to prompt new synthesis approaches for the preparation of chiral grignard reagents. | 2011 | 21428284 |
| evaluation of ventricular functions using tissue doppler echocardiography in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. | we evaluated right (rv) and left (lv) ventricle functions by tissue doppler imaging (tdi) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (sh). | 2011 | 21430418 |
| physiological and therapeutical roles of ginger and turmeric on endocrine functions. | the natural product ginger (zingiber officinale) has active constituents gingerol, shogaol and zerumbone, while turmeric (curcuma longa) contains three active major curcuminoids, namely, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. they have the same scientific classification and are reported to have anti-inflammatory and many therapeutic effects. this article reviews the physiological and therapeutic effects of ginger and turmeric on some endocrine gland functions, and signal pathways ... | 2011 | 21476200 |
| predicting ideal spinopelvic balance in adult spinal deformity. | object spinopelvic balance is based on the theory that adjacent segments of the spine are related and influenced by one another. by understanding the correlation between the thoracolumbar spine and the pelvis, a concept of spinopelvic balance can be applied to adult deformity. the purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical relationship between the pelvis and spine and apply it to a population of adults who had undergone spinal deformity surgery to determine whether patients in spinopelv ... | 2011 | 21476795 |
| image-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a prospective trial of concomitant boost using indium-111-capromab pendetide (prostascint) imaging. | purpose: to evaluate, in a prospective study, the use of (111)in-capromab pendetide (prostascint) scan to guide the delivery of a concomitant boost to intraprostatic region showing increased uptake while treating the entire gland with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. methods and materials: from september 2002 to november 2005, 71 patients were enrolled. planning pelvic ct and (111)in-capromab pendetide scan images were coregistered. the entire prostate gland receiv ... | 2011 | 21477947 |
| implications of the inability of listeria monocytogenes egd-e to grow anaerobically due to a deletion in the class iii nrdd ribonucleotide reductase for its use as a model laboratory strain. | listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium that causes life-threatening diseases in humans. it grows and survives in environments of low oxygen tension and under conditions of strict anaerobiosis. oxygen-limiting conditions may be an important factor in determining its pathogenicity. l. monocytogenes serovar 1/2a strain egd-e has been employed intensively to elucidate the mechanisms of intracellular multiplication and virulence. listeria possesses genes encodin ... | 2011 | 21478338 |
| managing chronic pain: results from an open-label study using mc5-a calmare-« device. | background: despite state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for pain, some types of chronic pain remain difficult to treat. we evaluated the effectiveness of an innovative neuromodulative approach to the treatment of chronic pain using electrical stimulus integrated with pharmacological support. methods: the mc5-a calmare-® is a new device for patient-specific cutaneous electrostimulation which, by "scrambling" pain information with "no pain" information, aims to reduce the perception of pain in ... | 2011 | 21394458 |
| effect of n-acetyl-cysteine and hyperoxia on erythropoietin production. | previous studies in healthy subjects have shown an increase in erythropoietin (epo) production after administration of n-acetyl-cysteine (nac). these authors hypothesized that nac increases intracellular reduced glutathione, decreasing reactive oxygen species and enabling epo production. we investigated if epo production could be stimulated with a single dose of nac, after 90-ámin of pure oxygen breathing. thirty-eight healthy volunteers were randomized into either the control (c) group or the n ... | 2011 | 21394639 |
| preoperative nt-probnp levels: a reliable parameter to estimate postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass patients. | atrial fibrillation (af) is one of the most common complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg). this study was designed to evaluate whether the levels of preoperative and postoperative n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (nt-probnp) are predictors of postoperative paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass surgery. | 2011 | 21394710 |
| developmental associations between externalizing behaviors, peer delinquency, drug use, perceived neighborhood crime, and violent behavior in urban communities. | this study examines the precursors of violent behavior among urban, racial/ethnic minority adults. data are from an on-going study of male and female african americans and puerto ricans, interviewed at four time waves, time 1-time 4 (t1-t4), from adolescence to adulthood. structural equation modeling was used to analyze the developmental pathways, beginning in mid-adolescence (t1; age = 14.0 years), to violent behavior in adulthood (t4; age = 29.2 years). the variables assessed were: components ... | 2011 | 21544831 |
| toxicologic and immunologic effects of perinatal exposure to the brominated diphenyl ether (bde) mixture de-71 in the sprague-dawley rat. | brominated diphenyl ethers (bdes) are persistent environmental contaminants found in human blood, tissues, and milk. to assess the impact of the commercial bde mixture de-71 on the developing immune system in relation to hepatic and thyroid changes, adult (f0) rats were exposed to de-71 by gavage at doses of 0, 0.5, 5, or 25 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d for 21 weeks. f0 rats were bred and exposure continued through gestation, lactation and postweaning. f1 pups were weaned and exposed to de-71 by gav ... | 2011 | 21544923 |
| thyroid dysfunction following therapeutic external radiation to head and neck cancer. | aim: the aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in thyroid function in patients with head and neck cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy (ebrt). materials and methods: this prospective study was conducted on ninety patients with non-thyroid head and neck cancer who were referred to the department of radiotherapy. thyroid function tests were conducted before, midway during and after ebrt, with follow up at monthly intervals up to 6 months after the completion of therapy. result ... | 2011 | 21545210 |
| accumulation and debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) in juvenile fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) induces thyroid disruption and liver alterations. | polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) flame retardants are known to affect thyroid hormone regulation. the thyroid hormone regulating deiodinases have been implicated in these impacts; however, pbde effects on the fish thyroid system are largely unknown. moreover, the liver as a potential target of pbde toxicity has not been explored in young fish. this study measured bde-209 effects on thyroid hormone regulation by measuring deiodinase activity in juvenile fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). ... | 2011 | 21546348 |
| [application of anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of tongue and mouth floor defect after tongue carcinoma]. | to investigate the application of free anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of tongue and mouth floor defect after radical resection of tongue carcinoma. | 2011 | 21548379 |
| sentinel-lymph-node procedure in colon and rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | no consensus exists on the validity of the sentinel-lymph-node procedure for assessment of nodal status in patients with colorectal cancer. we aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of this procedure. | 2011 | 21549638 |
| association of chfr promoter methylation with disease recurrence in locally advanced colon cancer. | purpose: this study was designed to determine whether dna methylation biomarkers are associated with recurrence and survival in colon cancer patients. experimental design: a retrospective analysis of 82 patients who received curative surgical resection for ajcc high-risk stage ii or iii colon cancer (1999-2007) was conducted. dna methylation status was quantitatively evaluated by the pyrosequencing method. we preselected three tumor-suppressor genes and one locus of interest; chfr, id4, reck, an ... | 2011 | 21551253 |
| algoriphagus aquaeductus sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater pipe. | a gram-negative, aerobic to microaerophilic, rod-shaped, red-colored bacterium, strain t4(t), was isolated from a freshwater pipe on tenerife island. a polyphasic taxonomic study was performed in order to characterise the strain in detail. the isolate is surrounded by a slime capsula and occurs single, in form of short chains, or in aggregates and exhibits catalase and oxidase activities. growth was observed at 15-42 °c. best growth of the bacterium occurred at ph 8 with mono- and disaccharides, ... | 2011 | 21551331 |
| [influence of pre-operative fasting time on blood glucose in older patients.] | purpose: this study was performed to identify changes in blood glucose at preoperative fasting time in surgical patients over 60 yr. methods: data collection was performed from july, 2008 through july, 2009. participants consisted of 80 nondiabetic surgical patients. blood glucose was checked from 3 to 5 times. the 5 times were 2-hr fasting on the pre-operative day (t1, n=80), 8 hr (t2, n=80), 10 hr (t3, n=17), 12 hr (t4, n=34) and 14 hr fasting on the day of the operation (t5, n=29). results: o ... | 2011 | 21551986 |
| rna captor: a tool for rna characterization. | in the genome era, characterizing the structure and the function of rna molecules remains a major challenge. alternative transcripts and non-protein-coding genes are poorly recognized by the current genome-annotation algorithms and efficient tools are needed to isolate the less-abundant or stable rnas. | 2011 | 21533245 |
| shine-dalgarno sequence of bacteriophage t4: gagg prevails in early genes. | translation initiation is governed by a limited number of mrna sequence motifs within the translation initiation region (tir). in bacteria and bacteriophages, one of the most important determinants is a shine-dalgarno (sd) sequence that base pairs with the anti-sd sequence gaucaccuccuua localized in the 3' end of 16s rrna. this work assesses a diversity of tir features in phage t4, focusing on the sd sequence, its spacing to the start codon and relationship to gene expression and essentiality pa ... | 2011 | 21533668 |
| thyroid status in a large cohort of patients with mental retardation: the top-r (thyroid origin of psychomotor retardation) study. | objective: abnormalities in thyroid state may affect development and function of the brain and result in mental retardation (mr). thyroid parameters have not been systematically investigated in institutionalized mr subjects. the objective is to measure thyroid parameters in a novel cohort of 946 institutionalized subjects. design: the top-r (thyroid origin of psychomotor retardation) study is a cross-sectional nation-wide multi-centre study. patients: subjects with unexplained mr. results: t ... | 2011 | 21535074 |
| supranutritional selenium level affects fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of chicken breast muscle tissue. | a total of 128 broilers were used to investigate the effect of selenium (se) on fatty acid (fa) composition and oxidative stability of lipids in the breast muscle tissue. there were 4 replicates of 4 dietary treatments: t1 (basal diet with no added se), t2 (t1 with 0.15 mg se added per kg diet), t3 (t1 with 0.3 mg se added per kg diet) and t4 (t1 with 3.0 mg se added per kg diet). a yeast source was used for added se. breast muscle tissue was collected from two chickens per replicate pen for the ... | 2011 | 21535232 |
| molecular characterization of a novel type ii keratin gene (sseker3) in the senegalese sole (solea senegalensis): differential expression of keratin genes by salinity. | keratins make up the largest subgroup of intermediate filaments and, in chordates, represent the most abundant proteins in epithelial cells. senegalese sole (solea senegalensis) is a commercially important flatfish in which only two type i keratin genes, sseker1 and sseker2, have been described. we obtained the entire cdnas encoding for a novel type ii keratin, referred to as sseker3. main features and sequence identities with other fish and mammalian type ii keratins are described. expression p ... | 2011 | 21536146 |
| [comparative study of oncologic outcomes after multivisceral resection for stage iic colorectal cancer between inflammatory and malignant adhesion]. | to evaluate the differences in oncologic outcomes between inflammatory adhesion and malignant adhesion in patients with stage iic colorectal cancer after multivisceral resection(mvr). | 2011 | 21538269 |
| electroneutral cation-cl(-) cotransporters nkcc2β and nccβ expressed in the intestinal tract of japanese eel anguilla japonica. | in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of intestinal na(+) and cl(-) absorption in japanese eel, focusing on electroneutral cation-cl(-) cotransporters, nkcc2β and nccβ, expressed in the intestinal tract. first, we cloned cdnas encoding nkcc2β and nccβ from the intestinal tract of japanese eel. in both freshwater- and seawater-acclimated eels, quantitative pcr analysis showed that nkcc2β was predominantly expressed in the anterior and posterior intestines, and that nccβ expre ... | 2011 | 21539929 |
| multivariable analysis of factors associated with hospital readmission following pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignant diseases. | readmission rates after pancreaticoduodenectomy (pd) for malignant diseases have a significant impact on survival rate. identification of risk factors for readmission may improve discharge plans and postoperative care. data exist on the morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing pd, but there are few reports about hospital readmissions after this procedure. our aims were to evaluate the proportion and reasons for readmissions after pd for malignant diseases, the factors influencing readmissi ... | 2011 | 21542962 |
| genetic causes of congenital hypothyroidism due to dyshormonogenesis. | purpose of review: overview of congenital hypothyroidism caused by thyroid hormone synthesis defects, the current understanding of their pathophysiology, and clinical implications of molecular diagnoses. recent findings: genetic defects in all known thyroid-specific factors required for thyroid hormone synthesis have been described. these include defects in iodide trapping (nis), in the facilitated iodide efflux across the apical membrane (pds), the organification of iodide within the follicular ... | 2011 | 21543982 |
| altered levels of the onco-microrna 21 and the tumor-supressor micrornas 143 and 145 in advanced rectal cancer indicate successful neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. | micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas with important post-transcriptional regulatory functions. mirna-21 (mir-21) is upregulated and mir-143 and mir-145 are downregulated in colorectal carcinoma. the aim of our study was to determine if these mirnas change their expression levels in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in advanced rectal cancer. forty patients with advanced rectal cancer (clinical ut3/t4 nx) were included. all patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surg ... | 2011 | 21567082 |
| acute t3 treatment protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury via tra1 receptor. | we have previously shown that acute thyroid hormone treatment could limit reperfusion injury and increase post-ischemic recovery of function. in the present study, we further explore potential initiating mechanisms of this response. thus, isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min zero-flow global ischemia (i) followed by 60-min reperfusion (r). reperfusion injury was assessed by post-ischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (lvdp%) and ldh release. t3 at a dose of 60 nm which ... | 2011 | 21442236 |
| [effect of acupuncture-assisted anesthesia on stress response during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in aged patients]. | to compare the difference between transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (teas) assisted general anesthesia and simple general anesthesia on stress response during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (lc) in aged patients. | 2011 | 21442823 |
| prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence and survival in stage iiic breast carcinoma: impact of adjuvant radiotherapy. | introduction: the aims of the present study were to define the prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence (lrr) and survival in stage iiic breast carcinoma as well as to examine the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on the outcome of the disease. methods: the records of 586 consecutive patients with stage iiic breast carcinoma who underwent modified radical mastectomy were evaluated, and the prognostic factors for lrr and survival were analysed. survival curves were generated using the kaplan- ... | 2011 | 21552792 |
| evaluation of factors affecting post-treatment quality of life in oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients primarily treated with curative surgery: an exploratory study. | the aim was to explore the impact of important clinico-demographic factors on the post-treatment quality of life (qol) in surgically treated oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients. 63 consecutive follow-up oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients treated primarily with surgery were recruited. 55 patients sent the completed questionnaires and finally included in this study. qol and important sub-domains of the qol were assessed. mean qol scores (sd) were computed, level of significance was set at p ... | 2011 | 21553147 |
| increased risk of advanced prostate cancer associated with mnsod ala-9-val gene polymorphism. | we aimed to investigate the association between manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) ala-9-val gene polymorphism and the initiation and/or progression of prostate cancer (pca) as well as to evaluate its potential interactions with advanced age and smoking status. mnsod ala-9-val gene polymorphism was carried out in 134 (mean age 64.1 ± 7.48) pca patients and 159 (mean age 62.5 ± 7.53) healthy controls with serum prostate specific antigen (psa) levels (<4 ng/ml) and normal digital rectal examin ... | 2011 | 21553226 |
| clinical significance of lymph node ratio and location of nodal involvement in patients with right colon cancer. | background/aims: increasing negative lymph node count has been reported to be associated with better outcomes in patients with colon cancer. the present study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of the lymph node ratio (lnr) and location of lymph node metastasis (lnm) in patients with stage iii right colon cancer. methods: we enrolled 820 patients who had undergone curative resection due to colon cancer at a single institution between 1991 and 2005. among them, 197 underwent curative rese ... | 2011 | 21555889 |
| neoadjuvant accelerated concomitant boost radiotherapy and multidrug chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a dose-escalation study. | objectives: to determine the maximal and safely dose of preoperative radiotherapy and concurrently intensified chemotherapy regimen (raltitrexed plus oxaliplatin) in locally advanced rectal cancer patients. methods: patients with ct3-t4 and/or cn≥1 or locally recurrent rectal cancer were sequentially assigned to 4 treatment schedules of chemoradiation: standard radiotherapy (50.4 gy/5.5 wk) plus raltitrexed (cohort a), accelerated radiotherapy (55 gy/5 wk) plus raltitrexed (cohort b), standard r ... | 2011 | 21555930 |
| optimal margins and lymphadenectomy in colonic cancer surgery. | background: a standard management policy has not yet been established with respect to the extent of lymphadenectomy for colonic cancer. methods: a total of 914 consecutive patients who underwent potentially curative surgery for t2-t4 colonic cancer were reviewed retrospectively. the number of lymph nodes (lns) examined and the potential contributions to the staging accuracy of the distinct area were analysed. the survival benefit of dissection was compared for pericolic (local), mesocolic (inter ... | 2011 | 21560120 |
| genetic variation in the toll-like receptor 4 and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. | background: common genetic variants in the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), which is involved in inflammation and immune response pathways, may be important for prostate cancer. methods: in a large nested case-control study of prostate cancer in the physicians' health study (1982-2004), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were selected and genotyped to capture common variation within the tlr4 gene as well as 5 kb up and downstream. unconditional logistic regression was used to assess associati ... | 2011 | 21563195 |
| feasibility study for a controllable orthotic knee joint. | purpose. the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of producing an orthotic knee joint that could lock and unlock during ambulation for eventual use in a reciprocating gait orthosis (rgo) for severely disabled patients. method. three prototype orthotic knee joints incorporating braking mechanisms were designed and manufactured to demonstrate their ability to withstand a maximum calculated sagittal plane bending moment of 73 nm. each was then subjected to bench trials to test t ... | 2011 | 21563970 |
| thyroid function after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in women with and without the hyperstimulation syndrome. | objective: to investigate the impact of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (ohss) on thyroid function in women without thyroid disorders and to compare it with that in women with uncomplicated controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (coh). design: retrospective analysis. setting: tertiary referral fertility center. patient(s): a total of 77 women undergoing coh of whom 25 developed ohss and 52 had no ohss. women with the presence of thyroid disorders were excluded, and only women pregnant after assis ... | 2011 | 21565336 |
| halogenated phenolic contaminants inhibit the in vitro activity of the thyroid regulating deiodinases in human liver. | halogenated contaminants, particularly brominated flame retardants, disrupt circulating levels of thyroid hormones (th), potentially affecting growth and development. disruption may be mediated by impacts on deiodinase (di) activity, which regulate the levels of active hormones available to bind to nuclear receptors. the goal of this study was to develop a mass spectrometry based method for measuring the activity of dis in human liver microsomes and to examine the effect of halogenated phenolic ... | 2011 | 21565810 |
| natural course of insomnia comorbid with cancer: an 18-month longitudinal study. | purpose this study aimed to assess the prevalence and natural course (incidence, persistence, remission, and relapse) of insomnia comorbid with cancer during an 18-month period. patients and methods all patients scheduled to receive a curative surgery for a first diagnosis of nonmetastatic cancer were approached on the day of their preoperative visit to participate in the study. a total of 962 patients with cancer (mixed sites) completed an insomnia diagnostic interview at the perioperative phas ... | 2011 | 21825267 |
| recombinant marker allergens in diagnosis of patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to tree and grass pollens. | the aim of this study was to investigate recombinant marker allergens in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to tree and grass pollens. | 2011 | 21711974 |
| two new ternary complexes of copper(ii) with tetracycline or doxycycline and 1,10-phenanthroline and their potential as antitumoral: cytotoxicity and dna cleavage. | this paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of two new ternary copper(ii) complexes: [cu(doxycycline)(1,10-phenanthroline)(h(2)o)(clo(4))](clo(4)) (1) and [cu(tetracycline)(1,10-phenanthroline)(h(2)o)(clo(4))](clo(4)) (2). these compounds exhibit a distorted tetragonal geometry around copper, which is coordinated to two bidentate ligands, 1,10-phenanthroline and tetracycline or doxycyline, a water molecule, and a perchlorate ion weakly bonded in the axial positions. in both compound ... | 2011 | 21692452 |
| comparison of clinical and pathologic findings of prostate cancers detected through screening versus conventional referral in brazil. | introduction: data regarding prostate cancer screening in brazil are limited. we compared features of prostate cancers detected through screening versus those referred for treatment in brazil. patients and methods: group i included 500 of 13,754 men whose cancers were detected through screening, and group ii included 2731 men referred for treatment through the habitual public health system. we used mann-whitney and ¤ç(2) tests to compare clinical and pathologic findings, considering significant ... | 2011 | 21843976 |
| microrna signature analysis in colorectal cancer: identification of expression profiles in stage ii tumors associated with aggressive disease. | purpose: colorectal cancer (crc) is a clinically diverse disease whose molecular etiology remains poorly understood. the purpose of this study was to identify mirna expression patterns predictive of crc tumor status and to investigate associations between microrna (mirna) expression and clinicopathological parameters. methods: expression profiling of 380 mirnas was performed on 20 paired stage ii tumor and normal tissues. artificial neural network (ann) analysis was applied to identify mirnas pr ... | 2011 | 21739196 |
| thyroid disease in older people. | several changes in thyroid hormone secretion, metabolism, and action occur with the increase in age. aging is often associated with a decrease in serum thyroid stimulating hormone and t3 levels, whereas serum free t4 levels usually remain unchanged. the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in the elderly as compared to the younger population. in elderly individuals the non-specific clinical manifestations of thyroid hormone excess or deprivation can cause confusion in the clinical setup; ... | 2011 | 21719219 |
| effect of substituting live feed with formulated feed on the reproductive performance and fry survival of siamese fighting fish, betta splendens (regan, 1910). | this study aimed to elucidate the effect of partial or complete replacement of live feed (lf) (tubifex) with formulated feed (ff) on the reproductive performance of betta splendens. three hundred b. splendens fry (average weight 0.19-á-¦-á0.01-ág) were equally distributed into five different groups, each with three replicates. they were fed for 105-ádays with following different diets: control (c)-100% lf; t1-75% lf, 25% ff; t2-50% lf, 50% ff; t3-25% lf, 75% ff, and t4-100% ff. results showed th ... | 2011 | 21710171 |
| flurbiprofen axetil enhances analgesic effect of fentanyl associated with increase in +¦-endorphin levels. | purpose: to examine the analgesic effect of preoperative administration of flurbiprofen axetil and that of postoperative administration of a combination of flurbiprofen axetil and fentanyl, as well as perioperative plasma +¦-endorphin (+¦-ep) levels in patients undergoing esophagectomy. methods: forty-five patients were randomly divided into three groups: group a: 100-ámg flurbiprofen axetil preoperative, 10-á++g/kg fentanyl-á+-á10-áml placebo postoperative; group b: 100-ámg flurbiprofen axetil ... | 2011 | 21725634 |
| a retrospective study of salvage surgery for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. | background: nasopharyngeal carcinoma is sensitive to radiotherapy. when there is local relapse, re-irradiation treatment is inevitably associated with serious complications and decreased quality of life. surgical resection offers an alternative treatment option with acceptable morbidity. methods: seventy-one consecutive patients with primary recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiation underwent nasopharyngectomy from january 1, 1990 to june 30, 2006. follow-up ranged from 12 to 127-ám ... | 2011 | 21710155 |
| structural basis for sequence specific dna binding and protein dimerization of hoxa13. | the homeobox gene (hoxa13) codes for a transcription factor protein that binds to at-rich dna sequences and controls expression of genes during embryonic morphogenesis. here we present the nmr structure of hoxa13 homeodomain (a13dbd) bound to an 11-mer dna duplex. a13dbd forms a dimer that binds to dna with a dissociation constant of 7.5 nm. the a13dbd/dna complex has a molar mass of 35 kda consistent with two molecules of dna bound at both ends of the a13dbd dimer. a13dbd contains an n-terminal ... | 2011 | 21829694 |
| a polymorphism of the polg2 gene is genetically associated with the invasiveness of urinary bladder cancer in japanese males. | urinary bladder cancer (ubc) is a common cancer with male predominance. pathologically it is classified into two distinct tumor entities related to the risk of patients. the low-grade tumors with relatively well-differentiated tumor histology (g1 and g2) at stage ta are non-invasive and pose a minimal risk, whereas high-grade tumors (g2 and g3) with stages t1 to t4 are aggressive with invasion, and therefore, pose a serious risk for the patients. dna repair and metabolic process genes may have m ... | 2011 | 21734712 |
| endocrine-mediated effects of 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol in sd rats, based on a subacute oral toxicity study. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the endocrine-mediated effects of 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol according to oecd test guideline no. 407. the estrogenic properties of this chemical have already been shown on uterotrophic assay, and this chemical is classified as a low-production volume chemical in reach program. rats were orally gavaged with 0, 10, 30, and 100-ámg/kg/day of test chemical for at least 28-ádays, beginning at 8-áweeks of age. in the 100-ámg/kg group of male r ... | 2011 | 21713527 |
| re: aggressive surgical approach for patients with t4 gastric carcinoma: promise or myth? | 2011 | 21725684 | |
| highly sensitive chemiluminescent point mutation detection by circular strand-displacement amplification reaction. | single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping is attracting extensive attentions owing to its direct connections with human diseases including cancers. here, we have developed a highly sensitive chemiluminescence biosensor based on circular strand-displacement amplification and the separation by magnetic beads reducing the background signal for point mutation detection at room temperature. this method took advantage of both the t4 dna ligase recognizing single-base mismatch with high selectivi ... | 2011 | 21684734 |
| radiochemotherapy versus surgery plus radio(chemo)therapy for stage t3/t4 larynx and hypopharynx cancer - results of a matched-pair analysis. | the standard treatment for non-metastatic t3/t4 larynx and hypopharynx cancer varies. this study compared definitive radiochemotherapy to surgery followed by radio(chemo)therapy. forty-four patients treated with radiochemotherapy were matched to 88 patients receiving surgery plus radio(chemo)therapy. groups were matched 1:2 for eight factors including age, gender, performance status, tumour site, histologic grade, t-/n-category and ajcc stage. groups were compared for loco-regional control, meta ... | 2011 | 21726998 |
| t4 rna ligase 2 truncated active site mutants: improved tools for rna analysis. | abstract: | 2011 | 21722378 |
| effects of uranium uptake on transcriptional responses, histological structures and survival rate of the crayfish procambarus clarkii. | this work aims to investigate the accumulation levels and effects (transcriptional responses, histopathology and survival rate) associated with a wide range of dissolved uranium (u) concentrations (0, 0.03, 0.6, 4 and 8mg/l of u) on adult male crayfish procambarus clarkii during 4 (t4) and 10 (t10) days of exposure. the follow-up of the crayfish mortality showed that p. clarkii was highly resistant to u. increasing waterborne u concentrations led to increasing bioaccumulation in key crayfish org ... | 2011 | 21741087 |
| phase ii trial of cetuximab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin followed by chemoradiation with cetuximab for locally advanced (t4) pancreatic adenocarcinoma: correlation of smad4(dpc4) immunostaining with pattern of disease progression. | this phase ii trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of cetuximab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin followed by cetuximab, capecitabine, and radiation therapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (lapc). | 2011 | 21709185 |
| effects of supplementing erythrina brucei leaf as a substitute for cotton seed meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of sidama goats fed basal diet of natural grass hay. | the replacement value of dried erythrina brucei leaf for cotton seed meal (csm) on growth performance and carcass characteristics was evaluated. twenty-five yearling buck goats (15.8ôçë-¦ôçë1.4-ákg) were assigned into five treatments in a randomized complete block design: natural grass hay alone (t1) or supplemented with 100% csm (t2), 67% csmôçë+ôçë33% e. brucei (t3), 33% csmôçë+ôçë67% e. brucei (t4), and 100% e. brucei (t5) on dry matter (dm) basis. supplemented goats consumed more (pôçë<ôçë0. ... | 2011 | 21735342 |
| simple and efficient synthesis of 5' pre-adenylated dna using thermostable rna ligase. | we report a simple method of enzymatic synthesis of pre-adenylated dna linkers/adapters for next-generation sequencing using thermostable rna ligase from methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (mthrnl). using rna ligase for the reaction instead of the existing chemical or t4 dna ligase-based methods allows quantitative conversion of 5'-phosphorylated single-stranded dna (ssdna) to the adenylated form. the mthrnl adenylation reaction is specific for atp and either ssdna or rna. in the presence of m ... | 2011 | 21724605 |
| evaluation of resistance development and viability recovery by a non-enveloped virus after repeated cycles of apdt. | nowadays, the emergence of drug resistant microorganisms is a public health concern. the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) has an efficient action against a wide range of microorganisms and can be viewed as an alternative approach for treating microbial infections. the aim of this study was to determine if a model target virus (t4-like bacteriophage), in the presence of the tricationic porphyrin 5,10,15-tris(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-20-(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin tri-iodide (tri-py(+)-m ... | 2011 | 21722673 |
| functional imaging of larynx via 256-slice multi-detector computed tomography in patients with laryngeal tumors: a faster, better and more reliable pre-therapeutic evaluation. | objective: to determine the clinical utility of using dynamic maneuvers during imaging of larynx via 256-slice multi-detector computed tomography in the pre-therapeutic evaluation of laryngeal tumors. materials and methods: a total of 27 patients (7 women, 20 men; aged 53-76 years) diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated pre-therapeutically via contrast enhanced axial ct scans during consecutive phases of phonation (pp), inspiration (ip) and valsalva maneuver (vp). result ... | 2011 | 21724356 |
| the effectiveness of a walking booster program for seniors. | to determine the effectiveness of a 3-month home-based booster program for seniors to increase walking. | 2011 | 21721960 |
| elements of oxidation/reduction balance in experimental hypothyroidism. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the decreased level of thyroid hormones on selected parameters of the oxidation/reduction balance by assessing the activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (sod), and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px); the level of antioxidant vitamins (a, c, and e); and the concentration of compounds reacting with thiobarbituric acid (tbars). | 2011 | 21717403 |
| comparison of methimazole and propylthiouracil in the management of children and adolescents with graves' disease: efficacy and adverse reactions during initial treatment and long-term outcome. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and adverse reactions during initial treatment and long-term outcome between children and adolescents with graves' disease (gd) treated with propylthiouracil (ptu) and those treated with methimazole (mmi). | 2011 | 21823520 |
| functional evaluation of bacteriophage t4 rad50 signature motif residues. | the repair of dna double-strand breaks (dsbs) is essential to maintaining the integrity of the genome, and organisms have evolved a conserved mechanism to facilitate their repair. in eukaryotes, archaea, and some bacteriophage, a complex made up of mre11 and rad50 (mr complex), which are a nuclease and atpase, respectively, is involved in the initial processing of dsbs. rad50 is a member of the atp binding cassette (abc) protein superfamily, the members of which contain an important signature mo ... | 2011 | 21675703 |
| a comparison of spinal isobaric levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine for lower abdominal and lower extremity surgery. | levobupivacaine is a new long-acting local anesthetic, which is the isolated s-enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine with less cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity than bupivacaine. reports using levobupivacaine for epidural or brachial plexus anesthesia suggested equivalent clinical efficacy to bupivacaine. however, inadequate information for spinal anesthesia was found | 2011 | 21696081 |
| using free energy of binding calculations to improve the accuracy of virtual screening predictions. | virtual screening of small molecule databases against macromolecular targets was used to identify binding ligands and predict their lowest energy bound conformation (i.e., pose). autodock4-generated poses were rescored using mean-field pathway decoupling free energy of binding calculations and evaluated if these calculations improved virtual screening discrimination between bound and nonbound ligands. two small molecule databases were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the rescoring algorithm ... | 2011 | 21696204 |
| treatment of t4 esophageal cancer. definitive chemo-radiotherapy vs chemo-radiotherapy followed by surgery. | the outcome of patients with t4 esophageal cancer, defined as a tumor that invades neighboring structures (e.g., aorta, trachea, bronchus, and lung), is extremely poor. despite recent advances in surgical techniques, these tumors are usually considered inoperable. two distinct therapeutic options are currently available for t4 esophageal cancers: chemo-radiotherapy followed by surgery (crt-s), which comprises esophagectomy following down-staging of the tumor by crt, and definitive chemo-radiothe ... | 2011 | 21697781 |
| transcriptional regulation by nonclassical action of thyroid hormone. | abstract: thyroid hormone (th) is essential for normal development, growth and metabolism. its effects were thought to be principally mediated through triiodothyronine (t3), acting as a ligand for the nuclear th receptors (trs) +¦ and +¦ residing on thyroid hormone response elements (tres) in the promoter of th target genes. in this classical model of th action, t3 binding to trs leads to recruitment of basal transcription factors and increased transcription of th responsive genes.recently, the ... | 2011 | 21835053 |
| the association of insulin resistance with subclinical thyrotoxicosis. | background: although overt thyrotoxicosis is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity (is), the effects of subclinical thyrotoxicosis (sctox) (i.e., suppressed serum thyroid-stimulating hormone with free thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine within the reference range) on glucose metabolism are not clear. sctox may be of endogenous origin or due to ingestion of supraphysiological amounts of thyroid hormone. our hypotheses were that reduced is is present in sctox and that the degree of reduction dif ... | 2011 | 21834678 |
| campylobacter jejuni group iii phage cp81 contains many t4-like genes without belonging to the t4-type phage group: implications for the evolution of t4 phages. | cp81 is a virulent campylobacter group iii phage whose linear genome comprises 132,454 bp. at the nucleotide level, cp81 differs from other phages. however, a number of its structural and replication/recombination proteins revealed a relationship to the group ii campylobacter phages cp220/cpt10 and to t4-type phages. unlike the t4-related phages, the cp81 genome does not contain conserved replication and virion modules. instead, the respective genes are scattered throughout the phage genome. mor ... | 2011 | 21697478 |
| naturally resident and exogenously applied t4-like and t5-like bacteriophages can reduce escherichia coli o157:h7 levels in sheep guts. | in preparing sheep for an in vivo escherichia coli o157:h7 eradication trial, we found that 20/39 members of a single flock were naturally colonized by o157:h7-infecting phages. characterization showed these were all one phage type (subsequently named cev2) infecting 15/16 o157:h7, 7/72 ecor and common lab strains. further characterization by pfge (genomeôê+120 kb), restriction enzyme digest (dna appears unmodified), receptor studies (fhua but not tonb is required for infection) and sequencing ( ... | 2011 | 21687531 |
| immune-endocrine interactions in treated and untreated cats naturally infected with fiv. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that causes a progressive disruption of immune function in cats. the neuroendocrine and immune systems communicate bidirectionally, mediated by cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-+¦ (tnf), several interleukins (il-1, il-6, il-10), and through signals induced by the ratio of il-10 to il-12. fiv can affect both pituitary adrenal and thyroid axis function. twenty fiv-infected cats in similar stages of the disease were evaluated for six month ... | 2011 | 21723621 |
| adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with american joint committee on cancer stage ii colon cancer. | background: it is unclear whether the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with american joint committee on cancer (ajcc) stage ii colon cancer. methods: the authors used the state of california cancer surveillance program (csp) to assess patients ages 18 to 80 years with ajcc stage ii colon cancer (ie, t3 or t4 and n0) who underwent surgical resection during 1991 and 2006. patients who had rectal and rectosigmoid cancers were excluded. the cohort was stratified ... | 2011 | 21692068 |
| vitiligo and alopecia areata associated with subclinical/clinical hypothyroidism. | the parents of an 18-year-old woman had noticed white hair while combing their daughter's hair 12 years ago. they found tiny white spots on her scalp, but she was asymptomatic. the spots have since progressed. examination of the affected skin on the scalp was marked by the presence of a chalky/ivory white macule, 8 to 10 cm in diameter, conforming to that of segmental (zosteriformis) vitiligo (figure 1). the lesions were located on the temporoparietal region of the scalp. the hair over the macul ... | 2011 | 21675503 |
| induction/synchronization of oestrus and ovulation in dairy goats with different short term treatments and fixed time intrauterine or exocervical insemination system. | two experiments were carried out on ionica dairy goats in order to test the efficiency of: (1) short term-5-day combined progestogen-pgf2+¦-gnrh treatments on induction/synchronization of oestrus and fertility after natural mating in lactating goats and during the transition period (experiment 1); (2) short term-9-day fga-pgf2+¦-ecg treatments on synchronizing oestrus and ovulation (experiment 2.1) and artificial insemination (ai) fixed time system in synchronized does (experiment 2.2), during t ... | 2011 | 21741783 |
| microbiologic changes in subgingival plaque before and during the early period of orthodontic treatment. | abstract objective: to evaluate changes in subgingival microbiota before and during the leveling and alignment orthodontic stage using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method. materials and methods: thirty orthodontic patients (17 females and 13 males; aged 16.7 -¦ 6.5-áy) were included in this study. subgingival microbial samples were taken from the disto-buccal gingival crevice of the left upper central incisors, the left lower central incisors, the mesio-buccal gingival crevice of the left ... | 2011 | 21827233 |