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subtilosin prevents biofilm formation by inhibiting bacterial quorum sensing.subtilosin, the cyclic lantibiotic protein produced by bacillus subtilis katmira1933, targets the surface receptor and electrostatically binds to the bacterial cell membrane. in this study, subtilosin was purified using ammonium sulfate ((nh4)2so4) precipitation and purified via column chromatography. subtilosin's antibacterial minimum and sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic and sub-mic) and anti-biofilm activity (biofilm prevention) were established. subtilosin was evaluated as a quorum ...201727914001
dipicolinic acid release by germinating clostridium difficile spores occurs through a mechanosensing mechanism.classically, dormant endospores are defined by their resistance properties, particularly their resistance to heat. much of the heat resistance is due to the large amount of dipicolinic acid (dpa) stored within the spore core. during spore germination, dpa is released and allows for rehydration of the otherwise-dehydrated core. in bacillus subtilis, 7 proteins are encoded by the spova operon and are important for dpa release. these proteins receive a signal from the activated germinant receptor a ...201727981237
dietary administration of bacillus subtilis hainup40 enhances growth, digestive enzyme activities, innate immune responses and disease resistance of tilapia, oreochromis niloticus.the probiotic properties of bacillus subtilis hainup40 isolated from the aquatic environment, and the effects of dietary administration of b. subtilis hainup40 on the growth performance, intestinal probiotic recovery, digestive enzyme activities, innate immunity and disease resistance of tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) were evaluated. the probiotic properties investigated include tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal stress, auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity and extracellular enzym ...201727919757
the bacillus subtilis tatadcd system exhibits an extreme level of substrate selectivity.the tat system preferentially transports correctly folded proteins across the bacterial membrane although little is known of the proofreading mechanism. most research has focused on tatabc systems from gram-negative bacteria, especially escherichia coli, and much less is known of the tatac-type systems from gram-positive organisms. we have previously shown that the bacillus subtilis tatadcd system is functional in an e. coli tat null background and able to transport tora-gfp and native tora (tma ...201727984091
a carbocyclic curcumin inhibits proliferation of gram-positive bacteria by targeting ftsz.inhibition of ftsz assembly has been found to stall bacterial cell division. here, we report the identification of a potent carbocyclic curcumin analogue (2d) that inhibits bacillus subtilis 168 cell proliferation by targeting the assembly of ftsz. 2d also showed potent inhibitory activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2-4 mg/l) against several clinically important species of gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. in addition, 2d displayed a signif ...201728002947
simple physics-based analytical formulas for the potentials of mean force of the interaction of amino acid side chains in water. vii. charged-hydrophobic/polar and polar-hydrophobic/polar side chains.the physics-based potentials of side-chain-side-chain interactions corresponding to pairs composed of charged and polar, polar and polar, charged and hydrophobic, and hydrophobic and hydrophobic side chains have been determined. a total of 144 four-dimensional potentials of mean force (pmfs) of all possible pairs of molecules modeling these pairs were determined by umbrella-sampling molecular dynamics simulations in explicit water as functions of distance and orientation, and the analytical expr ...201728000446
protection of penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome by continuous oral administration of a low concentration of bacillus subtilis spores expressing the vp28 antigen.in this study, bacillus subtilis spores expressing a chimeric protein, cotb-vp28, were used as a probiotic vaccine to protect black tiger shrimps (penaeus monodon) against white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection. oral administration of pellets coated with cotb-vp28 spores (at ≥1 × 10(9 ) cfu per g pellet) to shrimps induced immune-relating phenoloxydase activity (po) in shrimps after 14 days of feeding (prior challenge) and at day 3 post challenge (1·26 and 1·70 fold increase respectively). a ...201727992657
kinetic isotope effects and hydrogen/deuterium exchange reveal large conformational changes during the catalysis of the clostridium acetobutylicum spore photoproduct lyase.spore photoproduct lyase (spl) catalyzes the direct reversal of a thymine dimer 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine (i.e. the spore photoproduct (sp)) to two thymine residues in germinating endospores. previous studies suggest that spl from the bacterium bacillus subtilis (bs) harbors an unprecedented radical-transfer pathway starting with cysteine 141 proceeding through tyrosine 99. however, in spl from the bacterium clostridium acetobutylicum (ca), the cysteine (at position 74) and the tyrosine are ...201727992649
identification and functional analysis of pointed homologs in bombyx mori.using gene-knockdown techniques, we searched for endogenous ets family proteins involved in the regulation of escherichia coli-dependent lebocin promoter activation in the e. coli-responsive silkworm cell line nias-bm-aff3. results showed that the gene knockdown of bmpointeds (bmpnts), drosophila pointed orthologs, enhanced e. coli-dependent lebocin promoter activation, suggesting that endogenous bmpnts repress the activation of this promoter. furthermore, we found that i) the bmpnt gene produce ...201727988233
comprehensive characterization of a theophylline riboswitch reveals two pivotal features of shine-dalgarno influencing activated translation property.tuneable gene expression controlled by synthetic biological elements is of great importance to biotechnology and synthetic biology. the synthetic riboswitch is a pivotal type of elements that can easily control the heterologous gene expression in diverse bacteria. in this study, the theophylline-dependent synthetic riboswitch and the corresponding variants with varied spacings between shine-dalgarno (sd) sequence and start codon were employed to comprehensively characterize the induction and reg ...201727986992
facile and green synthesis of phytochemicals capped platinum nanoparticles and in vitro their superior antibacterial activity.the increase in the severe infectious diseases and resistance of the majority of the bacterial pathogens to the available drug is a serious problem now a day. in order to overcome this problem it is necessary to develop new therapeutic agents which are non-toxic and more effective to inhibit these microbial pathogens. for this purpose the plant extract of highly active medicinal plant, taraxacum laevigatum was used for the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (ptnps) to enhance its bio-activities ...201728011434
alkyl-substituted phenylamino derivatives of 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and antibacterial agents: involvement of membrane proteins in the uncoupling action.in search for new effective uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, we studied 4-aryl amino derivatives of a fluorescent group 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol (nbd). in our recent work (denisov et al., bioelectrochemistry, 2014), nbd-conjugated alkyl amines (nbd-cn) were shown to exhibit uncoupling activity. it was concluded that despite a pka value being about 10, the expected hindering of the uncoupling activity could be overcome by insertion of an alkyl chain. there is evidence in the literatur ...201728011176
highly efficient bioreduction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone to (s)- and (r)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol by two substrate tolerance carbonyl reductases with cofactor regeneration.optically pure 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol is a very important chiral building block and intermediate in fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries. reduction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone provides a straightforward approach to access these important compounds. in this study, two enantiocomplementary carbonyl reductases, bdha (2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from bacillus subtilis) and goscr (polyol dehydrogenase from gluconobacter oxydans) were discovered for the first time to convert 2-hydroxyacetophenon ...201728011130
the role of the loop 1 region in mazfbs mrna interferase from bacillus subtilis in recognition of the 3' end of the rna substrate.mazfbs is an mrna interferase from bacillus subtilis specifically recognizing uacau. the x-ray structure of its complex with an rna substrate has been also solved. when its amino acid sequence is compared with that of mazfhw, an mrna interferase from a highly halophilic archaeon, recognizing uuacuca, the 9-residue loop-1 region is highly homologous except that the v16v17 sequence in mazfbs is replaced with tk in mazfhw. thus, we examined the role of the vv sequence in rna substrate recognition b ...201728017721
structure of the branched-chain amino acid and gtp-sensing global regulator, cody, from bacillus subtilis.cody is a branched-chain amino acid (bcaa) and gtp sensor and a global regulator of transcription in low g + c gram-positive bacteria. it controls the expression of over 100 genes and operons, principally by repressing during growth genes whose products are required for adaptations to nutrient limitation. however, the mechanism by which bcaa binding regulates transcriptional changes is not clear. it is known that cody consists of a gaf (cgmp-stimulated phosphodiesterases, adenylate cyclases, fhl ...201728011634
identification and validation of small molecule modulators of the nusb-nuse interaction.formation of highly possessive antitermination complexes is crucial for the efficient transcription of stable rna in all bacteria. a key step in the formation of these complexes is the protein-protein interaction (ppi) between n-utilisation substances (nus) b and e and thus this ppi offers a novel target for a new antibiotic class. a pharmacophore developed via a secondary structure epitope approach was utilised to perform an in silico screen of the mini-maybridge library (56,000 compounds) whic ...201727964882
evaluation of bacillus subtilis spb1 biosurfactant effects on hyperglycemia, angiotensin i-converting enzyme (ace) activity and kidney function in rats fed on high-fat-high-fructose diet.this study investigated the protective and the curative effects of bacillus subtilis spb1 crude lipopeptide biosurfactant in alleviating induced obesity complications in rats fed on high-fat-high-fructose diet (hffd). male wistar rats were divided into five groups with the following treatment schedule: normal diet-fed rats (cd), hffd-fed rats, hffd-fed rats supplemented with spb1 biosurfactant from the first day of the experiment (hffd + bios1), rats fed on hffd receiving standard drug (hffd + t ...201728019119
facile microwave-assisted synthesis of te-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods and nanosheets and their characterizations for bone cement applications.in this work, the authors have fabricated the nanorods and nanosheets of pure and te-doped hap with different te concentrations (0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24wt%) by microwave-assisted technique at low temperature. the crystallite size, degree of crystallinity and lattice parameters are calculated. fe-sem study confirms that the fabricated nanostructures are nanorods of diameter about 10nm in undoped and at low concentration of te doping. however, at and higher concentration, it becomes nanosheets of a ...201728024611
tpp riboswitch characterization in alishewanella tabrizica and alishewanella aestuarii and comparison with other tpp riboswitches.riboswitches are located in non-coding areas of mrnas and act as sensors of cellular small molecules, regulating gene expression in response to ligand binding. the tpp riboswitch is the most widespread riboswitch occurring in all three domains of life. however, it has been rarely characterized in environmental bacteria other than escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. in this study, tpp riboswitches located in the 5' utr of thic operon from alishewanella tabrizica and alishewanella aestuarii we ...201728024528
dna repair by the radical sam enzyme spore photoproduct lyase: from biochemistry to structural investigations.radical s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam) enzymes have emerged as one of the last superfamilies of enzymes discovered to date. arguably, it is the most versatile group of enzymes involved in at least 85 biochemical transformations. one of the founding members of this enzyme superfamily is the spore photoproduct (sp) lyase, a dna repair enzyme catalyzing the direct reversal repair of a unique dna lesion, the so-called spore photoproduct, back into two thymidine residues. discovered more than 20 years ...201728027411
lack of formylated methionyl-trna has pleiotropic effects on bacillus subtilis.bacteria initiate translation using a modified amino acid, n-formylmethionine (fmet), adapted specifically for this function. most proteins are processed co-translationally by peptide deformylase (pdf) to remove this modification. although pdf activity is essential in wt cells and is the target of the antibiotic actinonin, bypass mutations in the fmt gene that eliminate the formylation of met-trnamet render pdf dispensable. the extent to which the emergence of fmt bypass mutations might compromi ...201727983482
polyethyleneimine modified poly(hyaluronic acid) particles with controllable antimicrobial and anticancer effects.poly(hyaluronic acid) (p(ha)) particles with sizes from few hundred nm to few tens of micrometer were synthesized by using epoxy groups containing crosslinker glycerol diglycidyl ether (gde) with high yield, 94±5%. p(ha) particles were oxidized by treatment with sodium periodate and then reacted with cationic polyethyleneimine (pei) at 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2 wt ratio of p(ha):pei to obtain p(ha)-pei particles. from zeta potential measurements, isoelectronic points of bare p(ha) particles increased ...201728038751
insulation and wiring specificity of bcer-like response regulators and their target promoters in bacillus subtilis.bcers and psdrs are paralogous two-component systems in bacillus subtilis controlling the response to antimicrobial peptides. in the presence of extracellular bacitracin and nisin, respectively, the two response regulators (rrs) bind their target promoters, pbcea or ppsda , resulting in a strong up-regulation of target gene expression and ultimately antibiotic resistance. despite high sequence similarity between the rrs bcer and psdr and their known binding sites, no cross-regulation has been ob ...201727997719
bacillus subtilis iolu encodes an additional nadp(+)-dependent scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase.bacillus subtilis genes iolg, iolw, iolx, ntdc, yfii, yrbe, ytet, and yulf belong to the gfo/idh/moca family. the functions of iolg, iolw, iolx, and ntdc are known; however, the functions of the others are unknown. we previously reported the b. subtilis cell factory simultaneously overexpressing iolg and iolw to achieve bioconversion of myo-inositol (mi) into scyllo-inositol (si). yulf shares a significant similarity with iolw, the nadp(+)-dependent si dehydrogenase. transcriptional abundance of ...201728043209
acquisition of phage sensitivity by bacteria through exchange of phage receptors.bacteriophages (phages) typically exhibit a narrow host range, yet they tremendously impact horizontal gene transfer (hgt). here, we investigate phage dynamics in communities harboring phage-resistant (r) and sensitive (s) bacteria, a common scenario in nature. using bacillus subtilis and its lytic phage spp1, we demonstrate that r cells, lacking spp1 receptor, can be lysed by spp1 when co-cultured with s cells. this unanticipated lysis was triggered in part by phage lytic enzymes released from ...201728041851
nano silver-embedded electrospun nanofiber of poly(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl methacrylate): use as water sanitizer.water contaminated with microorganisms causes numerous diseases and is a major concern for public health. in search of a simple material which can provide clean water free from pathogens, nanofibers of poly(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl methacrylate, abbreviated as cmpma, and nano ag-doped poly(cmpma) composite nanofibers were used to decontaminate water from microorganisms such as escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. x-ray diffraction (xrd) and transmis ...201728039633
bacterial genome editing via a designed toxin-antitoxin cassette.manipulating the bacterial genomes in an efficient manner is essential to biological and biotechnological research. here, we reprogrammed the bacterial ta systems as the toxin counter-selectable cassette regulated by an antitoxin switch (tccras) for genetic modifications in the extensively studied and utilized gram-positive bacteria, b. subtilis and corynebacterium glutamicum. in the five characterized type ii ta systems, the relbe complex can specifically and efficiently regulate cell growth an ...201728094982
staying in touch while on the go.while chemical forms of cell-to-cell communication are well recognized to coordinate bacterial populations, electrical signaling has been relatively ignored. humphries et al. show that bacillus subtilis biofilms utilize potassium production to attract far away, motile cells of even phylogenetically distant species by altering their membrane potential.201728086088
roda as the missing glycosyltransferase in bacillus subtilis and antibiotic discovery for the peptidoglycan polymerase pathway.the bacterial cell wall is a highly conserved essential component of most bacterial groups. it is the target for our most frequently used antibiotics and provides important small molecules that trigger powerful innate immune responses. the wall is composed of glycan strands crosslinked by short peptides. for many years, the penicillin-binding proteins were thought to be the key enzymes required for wall synthesis. roda and possibly other proteins in the wider seds (shape, elongation, division an ...201728085152
mixed-linkage glucan oligosaccharides produced by automated glycan assembly serve as tools to determine the substrate specificity of lichenase.the mixed-linkage (1→3),(1→4)-d-glucan (mlg) specific glycosyl hydrolase lichenase is an important biochemical tool for the structural characterization of mlgs. it holds potential for application in the brewery, animal feed, and biofuel industries. several defined mlg oligosaccharides obtained by automated glycan assembly are used to analyze the substrate specificities of bacillus subtilis lichenase. two glucose building blocks (bbs), equipped with a temporary fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride ...201728084659
design, synthesis and biological activity evaluation of novel 2,6-difluorobenzamide derivatives through ftsz inhibition.novel series of 3-substituted 2,6-difluorobenzamide derivatives as ftsz inhibitors were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against various phenotype of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and their cell division inhibitory activity against three representative strains. as a result, 3-chloroalkoxy derivative 7, 3-bromoalkoxy derivative 12 and 3-alkyloxy derivative 17 were found to exhibit the best antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis wi ...201728082038
application of nuclear magnetic resonance to detect toxigenic clostridium difficile from stool specimens: a proof of concept.we evaluated the performance of an early prototype core molecular mirroring nuclear magnetic resonance detection platform (mentor-100) to detect toxigenic clostridium difficile from stool. this technology uses customized nanoparticles bound to target specific oligonucleotide probes that form binaries in the presence of nucleic acid from the target microorganism. liquid patient stool specimens were seeded with c. difficile or other clostridium species to determine the analytical sensitivity and s ...201728081922
kinetic analysis of copper transfer from a chaperone to its target protein mediated by complex formation.chaperone proteins that traffic copper around the cell minimise its toxicity by maintaining it in a tightly bound form. the transfer of copper from chaperones to target proteins is promoted by complex formation, but the kinetic characteristics of transfer have yet to be demonstrated for any chaperone-target protein pair. here we report studies of copper transfer between the atx1-type chaperone copz from bacillus subtilis and the soluble domains of its cognate p-type atpase transporter, copaab. t ...201728078344
control of initiation of dna replication in bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli.initiation of dna replication is tightly regulated in all cells since imbalances in chromosomal copy number are deleterious and often lethal. in bacteria such as bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli, at the point of cytokinesis, there must be two complete copies of the chromosome to partition into the daughter cells following division at mid-cell during vegetative growth. under conditions of rapid growth, when the time taken to replicate the chromosome exceeds the doubling time of the cells, t ...201728075389
revisiting the val/ile mutation in mammalian and bacterial nitric oxide synthases: a spectroscopic and kinetic study.nitric oxide is produced in mammals by the nitric oxide synthase (nos) isoforms at a catalytic site comprising a heme associated with a biopterin cofactor. through genome sequencing, proteins that are highly homologous to the oxygenase domain of noss have been identified, in particular in bacteria. the active site is highly conserved except for a valine residue in the distal pocket that is replaced with an isoleucine in bacteria. this switch was previously reported to influence the kinetics of t ...201728074650
characterization of engineered preq1 riboswitches for inducible gene regulation in mycobacteria.we report here the behavior of naturally occurring and rationally engineered preq1 riboswitches and their application to inducible gene regulation in mycobacteria. because mycobacteria lack preq1 biosynthetic genes, we hypothesized that preq1 could be used as an exogenous nonmetabolite ligand to control riboswitches in mycobacteria. selected naturally occurring preq1 riboswitches were assayed and successfully drove preq1-dependent repression of a green fluorescent protein reporter in mycobacteri ...201728069821
an improved protocol for harvesting bacillus subtilis colony biofilms.bacterial biofilms cause severe problems in medicine and industry due to the high resistance to disinfectants and environmental stress of organisms within biofilms. addressing challenges caused by biofilms requires full understanding of the underlying mechanisms for bacterial resistance and survival in biofilms. however, such work is hampered by a relative lack of systems for biofilm cultivation that are practical and reproducible. to address this problem, we developed a readily applicable metho ...201728069469
the disinfection effect of a novel continuous-flow water sterilizing system coupling dual-frequency ultrasound with sodium hypochlorite in pilot scale.in this paper, a self-designed novel continuous-flow water disinfection system coupling dual-frequency ultrasound (us) with chemical disinfectant sodium hypochlorite (naclo) was tested in a pilot scale using a simulated effluent containing bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis), one of the indicators of water treatment efficiency. a suspension having a b. subtilis concentration of approximately 10(4)cfu/ml was introduced into the system to (1) investigate disinfection efficiency of us pretreatment with ...201728069207
hierarchical cluster analysis and chemical characterisation of myrtus communis l. essential oil from yemen region and its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-colorectal adenocarcinoma properties.the hydrodistilled essential oil obtained from the dried leaves of myrtus communis, collected in yemen, was analysed by gc-ms. forty-one compounds were identified, representing 96.3% of the total oil. the major constituents of essential oil were oxygenated monoterpenoids (87.1%), linalool (29.1%), 1,8-cineole (18.4%), α-terpineol (10.8%), geraniol (7.3%) and linalyl acetate (7.4%). the essential oil was assessed for its antimicrobial activity using a disc diffusion assay and resulted in moderate ...201728068844
increasing growth yield and decreasing acetylation in escherichia coli by optimizing the carbon-to-magnesium ratio in peptide-based media.complex media are routinely used to cultivate diverse bacteria. however, this complexity can obscure the factors that govern cell growth. while studying protein acetylation in buffered tryptone broth supplemented with glucose (tb7-glucose), we observed that escherichia coli did not fully consume glucose prior to stationary phase. however, when we supplemented this medium with magnesium, the glucose was completely consumed during exponential growth, with concomitant increases in cell number and b ...201728062462
enhanced bacterial affinity of pvdf membrane: its application as improved sea water sampling tool for environmental monitoring.isolation of diversified bacteria from seawater is a major challenge in the field of environmental microbiology. in the present study, an attempt has been made to select specific membrane with improved property of attaching diversified bacteria. initially, different concentrations (15, 18, and 20% w/w) of polysulfone (psf) were used to check their affinity for the attachment of selected gram-positive (bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (escherichia coli) bacteria. among these, 20% w/w psf show ...201728054272
comparison of soybean cultivars for enhancement of the polyamine contents in the fermented soybean natto using bacillus subtilis (natto).polyamines have beneficial properties to prevent aging-associated diseases. raw soybean has relatively high polyamine contents; and the fermented soybean natto is a good source of polyamines. however, detailed information of diversity of polyamine content in raw soybean is lacking. the objectives of this study were to evaluate differences of polyamines among raw soybeans and select the high polyamine-containing cultivar for natto production. polyamine contents were measured chromatographically i ...201728052719
amino acid substitutions in random mutagenesis libraries: lessons from analyzing 3000 mutations.the quality of amino acid substitution patterns in random mutagenesis libraries is decisive for the success in directed evolution campaigns. in this manuscript, we provide a detailed analysis of the amino acid substitutions by analyzing 3000 mutations of three random mutagenesis libraries (1000 mutations each; eppcr with a low-mutation and a high-mutation frequency and sesam-tv p/p) employing lipase a from bacillus subtilis (bsla). a comparison of the obtained numbers of beneficial variants in t ...201728050632
antibacterial screening of rumex species native to the carpathian basin and bioactivity-guided isolation of compounds from rumex aquaticus.plants belonging to the genus rumex (family polygonaceae) are used worldwide in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases caused by different microorganisms (e.g. bacteria-related dermatologic conditions, dysentery and enteritis). the present study focused on the antibacterial screening of rumex species native to the carpathian basin, and isolation of compounds from one of the most efficient species, rumex aquaticus. the antibacterial effects of n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous ...201728300698
variation in phenolic profile, β-carotene and flavonoid contents, biological activities of two tagetes species from pakistani flora.the objective of present study was to evaluate the variation in phenolic profile, β-carotene, flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of tagetes eracta and tagetes patula (t. erecta and t. patula) through different in vitro assays.,antioxidant activity was determined through 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) free radical scavenging and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation assays and antibacterial and antifungal activities studied using the disc diffusion and resazuri ...201728299905
population growth parameters of tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) on tomato plant using organic substrate and biofertilizers.the tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta (meyrick) is a devastating pest associated with tomato. in this study, effects of tomato plants treated with vermicompost (20, 40, and 60%), humic fertilizer (2, 4 and 6 g/kg soil) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus subtilis) were investigated on the life table parameters of t. absoluta in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2 °c, 65 ± 5% rh, and 16:8 (l:d) h. significant differences were found for the total developmental time, ...201728355477
an integrated overview of the midgut bacterial flora composition of phlebotomus perniciosus, a vector of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the western mediterranean basin.the leishmania developmental life cycle within its sand fly vector occurs exclusively in the lumen of the insect's digestive tract in the presence of symbiotic bacteria. the composition of the gut microbiota and the factors that influence its composition are currently poorly understood. a set of factors, including the host and its environment, may influence this composition. it has been demonstrated that the insect gut microbiota influences the development of several human pathogens, such as pla ...201728355207
design, synthesis and antimicrobial activities of thiouracil derivatives containing triazolo-thiadiazole as seca inhibitors.a series of novel thiouracil derivatives containing a triazolo-thiadiazole moiety (7a-7l) have been synthesized by structural modifications on a lead seca inhibitor, 2. all the compounds have been evaluated for their antibacterial activities against bacillus amyloliquefaciens, staphylococcus aureus, and bacillus subtilis. compounds 7d and 7g were also tested for their inhibitory activities against seca atpase due to their promising antimicrobial activities. the inhibitory activity of compound 7d ...201728039774
phes (*) , an effective host-genotype-independent counter-selectable marker for marker-free chromosome deletion in bacillus amyloliquefaciens.aside from applications in the production of commercial enzymes and metabolites, bacillus amyloliquefaciens is also an important group of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that supports plant growth and suppresses phytopathogens. a host-genotype-independent counter-selectable marker would enable rapid genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering, accelerating the study of b. amyloliquefaciens and its development as both a microbial cell factory and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. here ...201727730334
high-level extracellular protein production in bacillus subtilis using an optimized dual-promoter expression system.we recently constructed a bacillus subtilis strain (cctcc m 2016536) from which we had deleted the srfc, spoiiac, npre, apre and amye genes. this strain is capable of robust recombinant protein production and amenable to high-cell-density fermentation. because the promoter is among the factors that influence the production of target proteins, optimization of the initial promoter, pamyq from bacillus amyloliquefaciens, should improve protein expression using this strain. this study was undertaken ...201728219382
selection of bacillus species for targeted in situ release of prebiotic galacto-rhamnogalacturonan from potato pulp in piglets.we have previously shown that galacto-rhamnogalacturonan fibers can be enzymatically extracted from potato pulp and that these fibers have potential for exerting a prebiotic effect in piglets. the spore-forming bacillus species are widely used as probiotics in feed supplements for pigs. in this study, we evaluated the option for further functionalizing bacillus feed supplements by selecting strains possessing the enzymes required for extraction of the potentially prebiotic fibers. we established ...201728204884
adaptation of primocane fruiting raspberry plants to environmental factors under the influence of bacillus strains in western siberia.in geographical locations with a short vegetative season and continental climate that include western siberia, growing primocane fruiting raspberry varieties becomes very important. however, it is necessary to help the plants to overcome the environmental stress factors. this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the pre-planting treatment of primocane fruiting raspberry root system with bacillus strains on the following plant development under variable environmental conditions. in 2012, bacillu ...201728092002
production of bioactive hydrolysate using protease, β-glucosidase and α-amylase of bacillus spp. isolated from kinema.the aim of this study was the production of soybean bioactive hydrolysate using bacillus spp. isolated from kinema. totally 251 bacteria isolated from kinema samples, collected at different time period were screened for protease, β-glucosidase and α-amylase activities and further identified by ardra based grouping followed by analysis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity. the results showed that bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus licheniformis were the major bacillus spec ...201728384588
intramembrane protease rasp boosts protein production in bacillus.the microbial cell factory bacillus subtilis is a popular industrial platform for high-level production of secreted technical enzymes. nonetheless, the effective secretion of particular heterologous enzymes remains challenging. over the past decades various studies have tackled this problem, and major improvements were achieved by optimizing signal peptides or removing proteases involved in product degradation. on the other hand, serious bottlenecks in the protein export process per se remained ...201728376795
beneficial effects of fermented sardinelle protein hydrolysates on hypercaloric diet induced hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and deterioration of kidney function in wistar rats.this study investigated the potential effects of fermented sardinelle protein hydrolysates (fsphs) obtained by two proteolytic bacteria, bacillus subtilis a26 (fsph-a26) and bacillus amyloliquefaciens an6 (fsph-an6), on hypercaloric diet (hcd) induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in rats. effects of fsphs on blood glucose level, glucose tolerance, α-amylase activity and hepatic glycogen content were investigated, as well as their effect on the oxidative stress state. biochemical findings r ...201728242930
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by novosphingobium sp. thg-c3 and their antimicrobial potential.the present study described biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using a bacterial strain novosphingobium sp. thg-c3, isolated from soil, and their application in antibacterial activity. the maximum absorbance values of the synthesized agnps was measured at 406 nm in ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and were mostly spherical in shape with particle size in range of 8-25 nm by field emission transmission electron microscopy analysis. x-ray diffraction pattern corresponding to planes ( ...201727145847
a new anthraquinone and a new naphthoquinone from the whole plant of spermacoce latifolia.a phytochemical study on the whole plant of spermacoce latifolia led to the isolation of a new anthraquinone, 1,2,6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-9,10-anthraquinone (1), and a new naphthoquinone, (2r)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-dehydroiso-α-lapachone (2), together with three known anthraquinones (3-5). their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including one- and two-dimensional nmr, esi-ms, and hr-esi-ms techniques. all the compounds were isolated from s. latifolia for t ...201728357881
synthetic investigation, physicochemical characterization and antibacterial evaluation of ternary bi(iii) systems with hydroxycarboxylic acid and aromatic chelator substrates.due to its physical and chemical properties, bismuth (bi(iii)) is widely used in the treatment of several gastrointestinal and skin diseases, and infections caused by bacteria. herein, its known antimicrobial potential was taken into consideration in the synthesis of two new hybrid ternary materials of bi(iii) with the physiological α-hydroxycarboxylic glycolic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), [bi2(c2h2o3)2(c2h3o3)(no3)]n(.) nh2o (1) and [bi(c12h8n2)(no3)4](c10h8n4) (2), aiming at improving ...201728231455
kinneretia thg-sqi4 mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and its antimicrobial efficacy.simple, facile, effective approach for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using kinneretia species and its antimicrobial activity against human pathogens has been demonstrated in this study. kinneretia thg-sqi4 has been isolated from soil sample collected from shangqui, china. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (uv-vis), field emission transmission electron microscopy (fe-tem), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edx), elemental mapp ...201728211298
antibiogram of bacteria isolated from automated teller machines in hamadan, west iran.aim: bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment. in keeping with the continued expansion of urbanization and the growing population, an increasing number of people use automated banking, i.e. automated teller machines (atms). the aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial contamination and its antibiotic sensitivity on computer keyboards located at atms in hamadan province, iran. method: out of 360 atms at four locations in hamadan, 96 were randomly selected for this study. the antibioti ...201728197394
gene expression control by bacillus anthracis purine riboswitches.in all kingdoms of life, cellular replication relies on the presence of nucleosides and nucleotides, the building blocks of nucleic acids and the main source of energy. in bacteria, the availability of metabolites sometimes directly regulates the expression of enzymes and proteins involved in purine salvage, biosynthesis and uptake through riboswitches. riboswitches are located in bacterial mrnas and can control gene expression by conformational changes in response to ligand binding. we have est ...201728209633
killing the spores of bacillus species by molecular iodine.to determine the responses of spores of bacillus subtilis and bacillus anthracis surrogate bacillus thuringiensis al hakam to i2 treatment.201727696602
synthesis, structure and antimicrobial properties of novel benzalkonium chloride analogues with pyridine rings.quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) are a group of compounds of great economic significance. they are widely used as emulsifiers, detergents, solubilizers and corrosion inhibitors in household and industrial products. due to their excellent antimicrobial activity qacs have also gained a special meaning as antimicrobials in hospitals, agriculture and the food industry. the main representatives of the microbiocidal qacs are the benzalkonium chlorides (bacs), which exhibit biocidal activity agains ...201728098790
preparation and characterization of intelligent starch/pva films for simultaneous colorimetric indication and antimicrobial activity for food packaging applications.we have developed an intelligent starch/poly-vinyl alcohol (pva) film that is capable of monitoring ph changes and inhibiting undesired microbial growth in foods. starch and pva polymers in the film were doubly cross-linked by sodium trimetaphosphate and boric acid to improve their water-resistance and mechanical strength. anthocyanins (ant) and limonene (lim) were used to achieve simultaneous colorimetric indication and antimicrobial activity. firstly, the characterization of surface morphology ...201727987998
high-level expression of two thermophilic β-mannanases in yarrowialipolytica.two thermophilic β-mannanases (mana and manb)were successfully expressed in yarrowialipolytica using vector pina1296i. the sequences of mana from aspergillus niger cbs 513.88 and manb from bacillus subtilis bcc41051 were optimized based on codon-usage bias in y.lipolytica and synthesized by overlapping polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we utilized the pina1296i vector, which allows inserting and expression of multiple copies of an expression cassette, to engineer recombinant strains containing mu ...201728254397
the graphene oxide and chitosan biopolymer loads tio2 for antibacterial and preservative research.microorganism breeding is a known cause of food spoilage and disease transmission. aspergillus niger (a. niger) and bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis) are examples of microorganisms that cause deterioration of fresh fruits and vegetables during storage, which can be a serious threat to human health. in this work, we synthesized a self-assembled film of graphene oxide (go) and chitosan (cs) biopolymers with titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles embedded in its surface. we then characterized its anti ...201727979202
antimycobacterial, antimicrobial activity, experimental (ft-ir, ft-raman, nmr, uv-vis, dsc) and dft (transition state, chemical reactivity, nbo, nlo) studies on pyrrole-isonicotinyl hydrazine.as part of a study of pyrrole hydrazone, we have investigated quantum chemical calculations, molecular geometry, relative energy, vibrational properties and antimycobacterial/antimicrobial activity of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde isonicotinyl hydrazone (pcinh), by applying the density functional theory (dft) and hartree fock (hf). good reproduction of experimental values is obtained and with small percentage error in majority of the cases in comparison to theoretical result (dft). the experimental f ...201728213139
influence of structure of lactones with the methylcyclohexene and dimethylcyclohexene ring on their biotransformation and antimicrobial activity.the aim of this article is influence of the structure of lactones with the methylcyclohexene and dimethylcyclohexene ring on their biotransformation and antimicrobial activity. this work was based on the general remark that even the smallest change in the structure of a compound can affect its biological properties. the results of the biotransformation of four bicyclic unsaturated lactones with one or two methyl groups in the cyclohexene ring was tested using fifteen fungal strains (fusarium spe ...201728107178
synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of biguanidinylated chitosan-g-poly[(r)-3-hydroxybutyrate].chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride (chg) and low molecular weight poly[(r)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (phb) were successfully prepared to overcome the solubility problem of chitosan and phb and also to enhance antimicrobial activity of chitosan. the graft copolymers based on chg and phb (chg-grafted phb) were then prepared via condensation reaction of the carboxylic groups of phb with the amino groups of chg. these graft copolymers swell in water. the prepared graft copolymers were characterized by ftir ...201728322958
chemical characteristics, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oil of egyptian cinnamomum glanduliferum bark.the essential oil isolated from the bark of cinnamomum glanduliferum (wall) meissn that grown in egypt was screened for the first time. the chemical composition was analyzed by gc and gc/mass. the antimicrobial activity of the oil was assessed using agar-well diffusion method toward representatives for each of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. the cytotoxic activity was checked using three human cancer cell lines. twenty seven compounds were identified, representing 99.0 ...201728190283
microbiota of high-pressure-processed serrano ham investigated by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods.the microbiota of serrano dry-cured ham of different chemical composition, subjected or not to high-pressure processing (hpp), was investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. microbial counts were submitted to analysis of variance with physicochemical parameters (aw, nacl concentration, salt-in-lean ratio and intramuscular fat content) or hpp as main effects. in untreated hams, physicochemical parameters significantly affected counts of aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs ...201727835773
microbial diversity during fermentation of sweet paste, a chinese traditional seasoning, using pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.the aim of this study was to elucidate the changes in the microbial community and biochemical properties of a traditional sweet paste during fermentation. pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis showed that aspergillus oryzae was the predominant species in the koji and the majority of the fungi isolated belonged to 2 zygosaccharomyces species in the mash. the bacterial dgge profiles revealed the presence of bacillus subtilis during fermentation, and lactobacillus acidipiscis, ...201728081358
dynamics of bacterial class bacilli in the deepest valley lake of kashmir-the manasbal lake.in recognition of the importance of bacteria as ecological indicators of the aquatic systems a comprehensive and systematic analysis was carried out on manasbal lake, the deepest spring fed valley lake of kashmir. the main objective envisaged was to analyze bacterial community composition (bcc) and for this purpose systematic and regular sampling of waters from ten different sampling stations, predetermined in the lake according to differences in degree of human interference and also as zones of ...201728087491
a conserved tlr5 binding and activation hot spot on flagellin.flagellin is a bacterial protein that polymerizes into the flagellar filament and is essential for bacterial motility. when flagellated bacteria invade the host, flagellin is recognized by toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) as a pathogen invasion signal and eventually evokes the innate immune response. here, we provide a conserved structural mechanism by which flagellins from gram-negative γ-proteobacteria and gram-positive firmicutes bacteria bind and activate tlr5. the comparative structural analysis ...201728106112
bioprofiling of salicaceae bud extracts through high-performance thin-layer chromatography hyphenated to biochemical, microbiological and chemical detections.the buds of poplars (populus l.) and willows (salix l.), both from the same family (salicaceae mirbel), are increasingly used in gemmotherapy and importantly contribute to the production of the physiologically active propolis by european bee apis mellifera l. in order to study their phenolic profiles, polar extracts of buds from p. nigra l. were compared to those of p. alba l. and s. alba l. through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc). five chemotypical patterns were distinguished ...201728222858
evaluation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some common herbs.the study was designed to evaluate the phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of onion (allium cepa), garlic (allium sativum), mint (mentha spicata), thyme (thymus vulgaris), oak (quercus), aloe vera (aloe barbadensis miller), and ginger (zingiber officinale). all extracts showed a wide range of total phenolic contents, that is, 4.96 to 98.37 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalents, and total flavonoid contents, that is, 0.41 to 17.64 mg/100 g catechin equivalents. an ...201728316626
effects of dietary administration of shewanella xiamenensis a-1, aeromonas veronii a-7, and bacillus subtilis, single or combined, on the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal microbiota.gut microbiota of grass carp plays an important role in host. however, detailed information regarding the changes of microbiota after probiotics administration in relation to the gastrointestinal microbiota is absent. in the present study, dietary administration of putative probiotics shewanella xiamenensis a-1, aeromonas veronii a-7, and bacillus subtilisstrains was conducted in grass carp to investigate if there is a discernible alteration in intestinal microbiota and whether the alteration is ...201728321827
antimicrobial metal-based thiophene derived compounds.a novel series of thiophene derived schiff bases and their transition metal- [co(ii), cu(ii), zn(ii), ni(ii)] based compounds are reported. the schiff bases act as tridentate ligands toward metal ions via azomethine-n, deprotonated-n of ammine substituents and s-atom of thienyl moiety. the synthesized ligands along with their metal complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against six bacterial pathogens (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmon ...201727766891
streptomyces luozhongensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete with antifungal activity and antibacterial activity.a novel actinomycete strain, designated trm 49605(t), was isolated from a desert soil sample from lop nur, xinjiang, north-west china, and characterised using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. the strain exhibited antifungal activity against the following strains: saccharomyces cerevisiae, curvularia lunata, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium citrinum, candida albicans and candida tropicalis; antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus epid ...201727752797
synthesis and antimicrobial properties of 4-acylaminobenzenethiosulfoacid s-esters.a series of esters of 4-acetyl, 4-trifluoroacetyl- and 4-(3-chloropropionyl)aminobenzenethiosulfoacids (twenty-four compounds) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, (1)h nmr and ir spectroscopy. the antibacterial activity of the novel candidates has been screened using the agar diffusion or serial dilution methods against representative gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mesentericus, mycobacterium sp., mycobacterium luteum), gram-negative (aero ...201728344478
o-heterocyclic derivatives with antibacterial properties from marine bacterium bacillus subtilis associated with seaweed, sargassum myriocystum.the brown seaweed, sargassum myriocystum associated with heterotrophic bacterium, bacillus subtilis mtcc 10407 (jf834075) exhibited broad-spectra of potent antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus. b. subtilis mtcc 10407 was found to be positive for polyketide synthetase (pks) gene, and therefore, was considered to characterize secondary metabolites bearing polyketide backbone. using bioassay-guided fractionation, t ...201727624095
assessment of hemolytic activity, enzyme production and bacteriocin characterization of bacillus subtilis lr1 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of fish.in the present investigation, probiotic potential (antagonistic activity, enzyme production, hemolytic activity, biosafety, antibiotic sensitivity and bile tolerance level) of bacillus subtilis lr1 was evaluated. bacteriocin produced by the bacterial strain b. subtilis lr1 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of labeo rohita was purified and characterized. the molecular weight of the purified bacteriocin was ~50 kda in 12 % native page and showed inhibitory activity against four fish pathoge ...201727590016
antimicrobial efficacy and safety of mucoadhesive exopolymer produced by acinetobacter haemolyticus.this study evaluated five extracellular polymers of bacterial origin possessing mucoadhesive properties for their antimicrobial properties and toxicological characteristics. of the five tested mucoadhesive biopolymers, the extracellular polymer produced by a strain of acinetobacter haemolyticus exhibited broad antimicrobial efficacy towards yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7 and bacillus subtilis. significant (p<0.05) inhibition of g ...201727720965
screening probiotic candidates for a mixture of probiotics to enhance the growth performance, immunity, and disease resistance of asian seabass, lates calcarifer (bloch), against aeromonas hydrophila.six bacteria, including, lactobacillus casei m15, lac. plantarum d8, lac. pentosus bd6, lac. fermentum lw2, enterococcus faecium 10-10, and bacillus subtilis e20, and one yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae p13 were selected as probiotics for asian seabass, lates calcarifer, by tracking the growth performance and disease resistance of fish against aeromonas hydrophila in the first trial. the probiotic efficiency screening results showed that b. subtilis e20 and lac. pentosus bd6, and s. cerevisiae p ...201727838565
identification of ly2 members as antimicrobial peptides from zebrafish danio rerio.the emergence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) microbes caused by overuse of antibiotics leads to urgent demands for novel antibiotics exploration. our recent data showed that ly2.1-3 (a novel lymphocyte antigen 6 (ly6) gene cluster) were proteins with cationic nature and rich in cysteine content, that are characteristic of antimicrobial peptides (amps) and their expression were all significantly up-regulated after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (lps). these strongly suggested that ly2.1-3 are po ...201727980020
the influences of bacillus subtilis on the virulence of aeromonas hydrophila and expression of luxs gene of both bacteria under co-cultivation.the aim of this study was to explore the influence of bacillus subtilis ch9 on aeromonas hydrophila sc2005. the transcription level of virulence genes of a. hydrophila sc2005 and its hemolysin activity as well as its cytotoxicity were analyzed when b. subtilis ch9 and a. hydrophila sc2005 were co-cultured. the results indicated that the transcription levels of four virulence genes of a. hydrophila, including aer, ahyb, hcp, and emp, decreased when a. hydrophila was cultured with b. subtilis ch9. ...201728342077
induction of type i interferons in response to bacterial stimuli in large yellow croaker larimichthys crocea.in addition to the crucial roles in coordinating antiviral immune responses, type i interferons (ifns) also play a role in the host immunity against bacterial pathogens. our previous study identified two type i ifns from large yellow croaker larimichthys croaea(lc), lcifnd and lcifnh, and showed their strong induction by poly(i:c) and antiviral activities. in the present study, both lcifnd and lcifnh were found to be rapidly induced in head kidney and spleen by mixed bacteria of vibrio alginolyt ...201728119146
synthetic photosynthetic consortia define interactions leading to robustness and photoproduction.microbial consortia composed of autotrophic and heterotrophic species abound in nature, yet examples of synthetic communities with mixed metabolism are limited in the laboratory. we previously engineered a model cyanobacterium, synechococcus elongatus pcc 7942, to secrete the bulk of the carbon it fixes as sucrose, a carbohydrate that can be utilized by many other microbes. here, we tested the capability of sucrose-secreting cyanobacteria to act as a flexible platform for the construction of syn ...201728127397
isolation and identification of phyllospheric bacteria possessing antimicrobial activity from astragalus obtusifolius, prosopis juliflora, xanthium strumarium and hippocrepis unisiliqousa.the widespread utilization of antimicrobial compounds has caused emergence of resistant microorganisms in the world. hence, the research to probe the products with antimicrobial features has led to finding natural habitats and discovering new pharmaceutical products.201728090278
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