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biomedical applications of green synthesized nobel metal nanoparticles.synthesis of nobel metal nanoparticles, play a key role in the field of medicine. plants contain a substantial number of organic constituents, like phenolic compounds and various types of glycosides that help in synthesis of metal nanoparticles. synthesis of metal nanoparticles by green method is one of the best and environment friendly methods. the major significance of the green synthesis is lack of toxic by-products produced during metal nanoparticle synthesis. the nanoparticles, synthesized ...201728582711
antimicrobial peptide from bacillus subtilis csb138: characterization, killing kinetics, and synergistic potency.we studied the prospect of synergy between the antimicrobial peptide p138c and non-peptide antibiotics for increasing the potency and bacterial killing kinetics of these agents. the production of p138c was maximized in the late exponential growth phase of bacillus subtilis csb138. purification of p138c resulted in a total of 4800 arbitrary units (au) with 19.15-fold and 3.2% recovery. peptide p138c was thermo-tolerant up to 50 °c and stable at ph 5.8 to 11. the biochemical nature of p138c was de ...201728581021
the highly conserved asp23 family protein yqhy plays a role in lipid biosynthesis in bacillus subtilis.in most bacteria, fatty acid biosynthesis is an essential process that must be controlled by the availability of precursors and by the needs of cell division. so far, no mechanisms controlling synthesis of malonyl-coenzyme a (coa), the committed step in fatty acid synthesis, have been identified in the gram-positive model bacterium bacillus subtilis. we have studied the localization and function of two highly expressed proteins of unknown function, yqhy and ylou. both proteins are members of the ...201728579978
photochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles on chitosans/montmorillonite nanocomposite films and antibacterial activity.silver nanoparticles (agnps) were synthetized on chitosans/montmorillonite nanocomposite films by photochemical method. nanocomposites were prepared using chitosans with different molar masses and deacetylation degrees, as well as modified with diethylaminoethyl (deae) and dodecyl groups. agnps formation on the films was followed by the appearance of the plasmon band around 440nm as a function of irradiation time. tem images revealed agnps with spherical morphology for all nanocomposites. for na ...201728578955
new phenalenone derivatives from pinellia ternata tubers derived aspergillus sp.nine new phenalenone derivatives (1-9), along with two known analogues (10-11) have been isolated from the solid cultures of an endophytic fungus aspergillus sp. which was obtained from pinellia ternate. their structures were established through interpretations of spectroscopic evidence, and some of their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ecd) and mo2(ococh3)4 induced ecd. all of the phenalenones are unusual acyclic diterpenoid adducts, which are diversely ...201728577908
spo0m: structure and function beyond regulation of sporulation.in this mini-review, we present a perspective on the recent findings relating spo0m structure and function that will stimulate and guide further studies in the characterization of this interesting protein. cell division and sporulation constitute two of the best studied processes in the model organism bacillus subtilis; however, there are many missing pieces in the giant regulatory puzzle that governs the independent and shared networks between them. spo0m is a little studied protein that has be ...201728577219
application of surface modified nano ferrite nickel in catalytic reaction (epoxidation of alkenes) and investigation on its antibacterial and antifungal activities.newly, magnetic nanoparticles have extensively been used as alternative catalyst supports, in the view of their high surface area which results in high catalyst loading capacity, high dispersion, low toxicity, environmental preservation, distinguished stability, and suitable catalyst reusing. in the present study, the magnetite nanoparticles, nife2o4@ag and nife2o4@mo, were synthesized and characterized. the antimicrobial activities and catalytic properties of synthesized nanoparticles were test ...201728575933
bacillus subtilis dna polymerases, polc and dnae, are required for both leading and lagging strand synthesis in spp1 origin-dependent dna replication.firmicutes have two distinct replicative dna polymerases, the polc leading strand polymerase, and polc and dnae synthesizing the lagging strand. we have reconstituted in vitro bacillus subtilis bacteriophage spp1 θ-type dna replication, which initiates unidirectionally at oril. with this system we show that dnae is not only restricted to lagging strand synthesis as previously suggested. dnag primase and dnae polymerase are required for initiation of dna replication on both strands. dnae and dnag ...201728575448
new prenylated ortho-dihydroxycoumarins from the fruits of ficus nipponica.two new prenylated ortho-dihydroxycoumarins, designated fipsomin (1) and fipsotwin (2), were isolated from the fruits of ficus nipponica together with a known prenylated coumarin, apigravin (3). their structures were established by spectroscopic data and x-ray crystallographic analysis. compound 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis with an mic value of 61 μm, while 2 and 3 showed very weak activity. this article is protected by copyright. all rights reserved.201728574644
antibacterial and antioxidant potential of stem bark extract of bombax ceiba collected locally from south punjab area of pakistan.ethnic medication systems have been used extensively by humans since their origin. now a day, in the developing countries these systems are being used due to their effectiveness and affordability. especially inhabitants of rural areas still rely on these systems as first line of treatment against diseased conditions. till now, majority of medicines is derived from the natural origin particularly plants owing to their little side effects and cost effectiveness.201728573217
an endophytic bacterial strain isolated from eucommia ulmoides inhibits southern corn leaf blight.bacillus subtilis dzsy21 isolated from the leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliv. was labeled by antibiotic marker and found to effectively colonize the leaves of maize plant. agar diffusion assays and biocontrol effect experiments showed that strain dzsy21 and its lipopeptides had antagonistic activity against bipolaris maydis, as well as high biocontrol effects on southern corn leaf blight caused by b. maydis. using maldi-tof-ms analysis, we detected the presence of antimicrobial surfactin a, surfa ...201728572799
complete genome sequence of bacillus subtilis gqjk2, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with antifungal activity.bacillus subtilis gqjk2 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with antifungal activity which was isolated from lycium barbarum l. rhizosphere. here, we report the complete genome sequence of b. subtilis gqjk2. ten gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of antagonistic compounds were predicted.201728572331
octopus vulgaris protein hydrolysates: characterization, antioxidant and functional properties.composition, functional properties and in vitro antioxidant activities of octopus (octopus vulgaris) protein hydrolysates (ophs) were evaluated. ophs were prepared by treatment with commercial esperase (oph-esp), alkaline protease extract from zebra blenny (salaria basilica) (oph-zb) and enzyme preparation from bacillus subtilis a26 (oph-a26). ophs showed different degrees of hydrolysis (dh from 17.6 to 21%), and hydrophobic/hydrophilic peptide ratio. the amino acid profiles of ophs showed a hig ...201728559603
a conserved metal binding motif in the bacillus subtilis competence protein comfa enhances transformation.genetic competence is a process in which cells are able to take up dna from their environment, resulting in horizontal gene transfer, a major mechanism for generating diversity in bacteria. many bacteria carry homologs of the central dna uptake machinery that has been well characterized in bacillus subtilis it has been postulated that the b. subtilis competence helicase comfa belongs to the dead box family of helicases/translocases. here, we made a series of mutants to analyze conserved amino ac ...201728559293
crystal structure of the thioesterification conformation of bacillus subtilis o-succinylbenzoyl-coa synthetase reveals a distinct substrate binding mode.o-succinylbenzoyl-coa (osb-coa) synthetase (mene) is an essential enzyme in bacterial vitamin k biosynthesis and an important target in the development of new antibiotics. it is a member of the adenylating enzymes (anl) family, which reconfigure their active site in two different active conformations, one for the adenylation half-reaction and the other for a thioesterification half-reaction, in a domain-alternation catalytic mechanism. although several aspects of the adenylating mechanism in men ...201728559280
new merosesquiterpenes from a vietnamese marine sponge of spongia sp. and their biological activities.the investigation of the vietnamese marine sponge spongia sp. led to the isolation of three new sesquiterpene phenols, langconols a-c (1-3), and one new sesquiterpene hydroxyquinone, langcoquinone c (4), together with two known meroterpenoids (5 and 6). their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and comparisons with published data. furthermore, the antibacterial assays of the isolates 1-6 suggested that 4 and 6 had significant antibacterial activities against bacillu ...201728558970
phenanthrenes from arundina graminifolia and in vitro evaluation of their antibacterial and anti-haemolytic properties.chemical investigation and activity test of arundina graminifolia led to the isolation of six phenanthrenes: blestriarene a (1), shancidin (2), densiflorol b (3), ephemeranthoquinone (4), coelonin (5) and lusianthridin (6). the isolated compounds demonstrated antibacterial and anti-haemolytic activities. it was found that compounds 1 and 2 had medium antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli, with mics of 20-40 μg/ml and mbcs of 40-320 μg/ml. ba ...201728553728
introducing a novel mushroom from mycophagy community with emphasis on biomedical potency.mushrooms have been prized by humankind as medicine and culinary wonder since antiquity. though several species are ethnically valued; many prospective species are still being discovered. one such wild macrofungus has recently been discovered during subsequent field surveys in west bengal, india which in turn exposed as a traditionally consumed popular myco-food. the collected taxon was found to be unique with regard to its morphological as well as genetical features. after detailed characteriza ...201728552988
ph-induced conformational change of natural cyclic lipopeptide surfactin and the effect on protease activity.the cyclic lipopeptide surfactin (sf) is one of the promising environmental friendly biosurfactants abundantly produced by microorganisms such as bacillus subtilis. sf shows excellent surface properties at various ph, together with lower toxicity and higher biodegradability than commonly used petroleum-based surfactants. however, the effect of the dissociation degree of sf on self-assembly is still incompletely understood, even though two acidic amino acid residues (asp and glu) are known to inf ...201728551572
surface sensing for paenibacillus sp. naist15-1 flagellar gene expression on solid medium.a rhizosphere gram-positive bacterial isolate, paenibacillus sp. naist15-1, exhibits intriguing motility behavior on hard agar medium. paenibacillus sp. shows increased transcription of flagellar genes and hyperflagellation when transferred from liquid to solid medium. hyperflagellated cells form wandering colonies that are capable of moving around on the surface of medium containing ≥1.5% agar. transposon mutagenesis was used to identify genes critical for motility. in addition to flagellar gen ...201728550060
corrigendum: efficient biosynthesis of a cecropin a-melittin mutant in bacillus subtilis wb700. 201728548136
spermidine promotes bacillus subtilis biofilm formation by activating expression of the matrix regulator slrr.ubiquitous polyamine spermidine is not required for normal planktonic growth of bacillus subtilis but is essential for robust biofilm formation. however, the structural features of spermidine required for b. subtilis biofilm formation are unknown and so are the molecular mechanisms of spermidine-stimulated biofilm development. we report here that in a spermidine-deficient b. subtilis mutant, the structural analogue norspermidine, but not homospermidine, restored biofilm formation. intracellular ...201728546427
production of microbial biosurfactants: status quo of rhamnolipid and surfactin towards large-scale production.surfactants are an important class of industrial chemicals. nowadays oleochemical surfactants such as alkyl polyglycosides (apgs) become increasingly important. this trend towards the utilization of renewable resources continues and consumers increasingly demand for environmentally friendly products. consequently, research in microbial surfactants has drastically increased in the last years. while for mannosylerythritol lipids and sophorolipids established industrial processes exist, an implemen ...201728544628
4-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potent antibacterial agents: rational design, microwave-assisted synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies.in an attempt to discover a new class of antibacterial agents with improved efficacy and to overcome the drug-resistant problems, some novel 4-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been synthesized via microwave-assisted methodology and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against various pathogenic bacterial strains. compounds 12b and 13c showed the promising inhibitory potencies against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli wit ...201728544494
effect of probiotic supplementation and genotype on growth performance, carcass traits, hematological parameters and immunity of growing rabbits under hot environmental conditions.the effect of dietary inclusion of probiotics and genetic groups on rabbit performance under hot environmental conditions was studied. a total of 80 rabbits aged 8 weeks were distributed into a completely randomized design in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement, including four genetic groups and three concentrations of dietary probiotic (0, 200 and 400 g/t feed). the utilized probiotic contained 4 × 10(9)  colony-forming units/g of bacillus subtilis. jabali local breed (j), imported spanish v-line (v) ...201728544086
enzymatic activity necessary to restore the lethality due to escherichia coli rnase e deficiency is distributed among bacteria lacking rnase e homologues.escherichia coli rnase e (eco-rnase e), encoded by rne (eco-rne), is considered the global rna decay initiator. although eco-rnase e is an essential gene product in e. coli, some bacterial species, such as bacillus subtilis, do not possess eco-rnase e sequence homologues. b. subtilis instead possesses rnase j1/j2 (bsu-rnase j1/j2) and rnase y (bsu-rnase y) to execute rna decay. here we found that e. coli lacking the eco-rne gene (δrne e. coli) was viable conditional on m9 minimal media by introd ...201728542621
the in vivo structure of biological membranes and evidence for lipid domains.examining the fundamental structure and processes of living cells at the nanoscale poses a unique analytical challenge, as cells are dynamic, chemically diverse, and fragile. a case in point is the cell membrane, which is too small to be seen directly with optical microscopy and provides little observational contrast for other methods. as a consequence, nanoscale characterization of the membrane has been performed ex vivo or in the presence of exogenous labels used to enhance contrast and impart ...201728542493
pausing guides rna folding to populate transiently stable rna structures for riboswitch-based transcription regulation.in bacteria, the regulation of gene expression by cis-acting transcriptional riboswitches located in the 5'-untranslated regions of messenger rna requires the temporal synchronization of rna synthesis and ligand binding-dependent conformational refolding. ligand binding to the aptamer domain of the riboswitch induces premature termination of the mrna synthesis of ligand-associated genes due to the coupled formation of 3'-structural elements acting as terminators. to date, there has been no high ...201728541183
the use of bacterial bioremediation of metals in aquatic environments in the twenty-first century: a systematic review.metal pollution is a current environmental issue as a consequence of unregulated anthropic activiy. a wide range of bioremediation strategies have been successfully implemented to recover contaminated areas. among them, bacterial bioremediation stands out as a promising tool to confront these types of concerns. this study aimed to compare and discuss worldwide scientific evolution of bacterial potential for metal bioremediation in aquatic ecosystems. the study consisted of a systematic review, e ...201728540556
solution structure of domain 1.1 of the σ(a) factor from bacillus subtilis is preformed for binding to the rna polymerase core.bacterial rna polymerase (rnap) requires σ factors to recognize promoter sequences. domain 1.1 of primary σ factors (σ1.1) prevents their binding to promoter dna in the absence of rnap, and when in complex with rnap, it occupies the dna-binding channel of rnap. currently, two 3d structures of σ1.1 are available: from escherichia coli in complex with rnap and from t. maritima solved free in solution. however, these two structures significantly differ, and it is unclear whether this difference is ...201728539362
biosynthesis of zno nanoparticles by a new pichia kudriavzevii yeast strain and evaluation of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.the potential ability of a new yeast strain, pichia kudriavzevii, in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno-nps) through a green method was explored in this study. the effect of reaction time (12, 24 and 36 h) on the structure of the resulting zno nanoparticles was investigated. from the xrd and tem results, the zno-nps with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a particle crystal size of ~10-61 nm was formed at different reaction times. combing xrd, tem, and pl results, it was revealed tha ...201728538674
using neutron reflectometry to characterize antimicrobial protein surface coatings.understanding the interaction of adsorbed or covalently immobilized proteins with solid substrates at the molecular level guides the successful design of functionalized surfaces used in biomedical applications. in this report, neutron reflectometry (nr) was used to characterize the structure of surface-attached antimicrobial protein films, with antimicrobial activity assessed using an adaption of the japanese industrial standard test jis z 2801. nr allowed parameters influencing bioactivity to b ...201728537751
new functions and subcellular localization patterns of c-di-gmp components (ggdef domain proteins) in b. subtilis.the universal and pleiotropic cyclic dinucleotide second messenger c-di-gmp is most prominently known to inversely regulate planktonic and sessile lifestyles of gram-negative species. in the gram-positive model organism bacillus subtilis, intracellular c-di-gmp levels are modulated by a concise set of three diguanylate cylases (dgck, dgcp, dgcw) and one phosphodiesterase (pdeh). two recent studies have reported the negative influence of the c-di-gmp receptor dgra (pilz domain protein) on swarmin ...201728536559
antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and triterpenoid saponins obtained from the aerial parts of anagallis arvensis l.anagallis arvensis l. (primulaceae) is used in argentinean northwestern traditional medicine to treat fungal infections. we are reporting the isolation and identification of compounds with antifungal activity against human pathogenic yeast candida albicans, and toxicity evaluation.201728389355
a new phthalide from the endophytic fungus xylaria sp. gdg-102.a new phthalide derivative, xylarphthalide a (1), along with two known compounds (-)-5-carboxylmellein (2) and (-)-5-methylmellein (3), were isolated from the endophytic fungus xylaria sp. gdg-102 cultured from the chinese medicinal plant sophora tonkinensis. their structures were identified by ms and nmr experiments, and the absolute configuration of 1 was further confirmed by single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. compound 1-3 showed antibacterial activities against bacillus megaterium, ba ...201728385040
the effects of bacteria-nanoparticles interface on the antibacterial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles.neutralization of bacterial cell surface potential using nanoscale materials is an effective strategy to alter membrane permeability, cytoplasmic leakage, and ultimate cell death. in the present study, an attempt was made to prepare biogenic silver nanoparticles using biomolecules from the aqueous rhizome extract of coptis chinensis. the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were surface modified with chitosan biopolymer. the prepared silver nanoparticles and chitosan modified silver nanoparticles ...201727916692
the janus face of iron on anoxic worlds: iron oxides are both protective and destructive to life on the early earth and present-day mars.the surface of the early earth was probably subjected to a higher flux of ultraviolet (uv) radiation than today. uv radiation is known to severely damage dna and other key molecules of life. using a liquid culture and a rock analogue system, we investigated the interplay of protective and deleterious effects of iron oxides under uv radiation on the viability of the model organism, bacillus subtilis. in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, there exists a fine balance between iron oxide's protective ...201728460085
gut microbiota species can provoke both inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses in human dendritic cells mediated by retinoic acid receptor alpha ligation.dendritic cells are considered as the main coordinators of both mucosal and systemic immune responses, thus playing a determining role in shaping the outcome of effector cell responses. however, it is still uncovered how primary human monocyte-derived dc (modc) populations drive the polarization of helper t (th) cells in the presence of commensal bacteria harboring unique immunomodulatory properties. furthermore, the individual members of the gut microbiota have the potential to modulate the out ...201728458670
conversion of glycerol to 3-hydroxypropanoic acid by genetically engineered bacillus subtilis.3-hydroxypropanoic acid (3-hp) is an important biomass-derivable platform chemical that can be converted into a number of industrially relevant compounds. there have been several attempts to produce 3-hp from renewable sources in cell factories, focusing mainly on escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. despite the significant progress made in this field, commercially exploitable large-scale production of 3-hp in microbial strains has still not been achieved. in th ...201728458661
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from protium serratum and investigation of their potential impacts on food safety and control.silver nanoparticles play an integral part in the evolution of new antimicrobials against the broad ranges of pathogenic microorganisms. recently, biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts has been successfully consummated. in the present study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) was conducted using the leaf extract of plant protium serratum, having novel ethnomedicinal. the synthesized agnps were characterized using uv-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light sca ...201728458659
purification of β-mannanase derived from bacillus subtilis atcc 11774 using ionic liquid as adjuvant in aqueous two-phase system.the partitioning of β-mannanase derived from bacillus subtilis atcc 11774 in aqueous two-phase system (atps) was studied. the atps containing different molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (peg) and types of salt were employed in this study. the peg/salt composition for the partitioning of β-mannanase was optimized using response surface methodology. the study demonstrated that atps consists of 25% (w/w) of peg 6000 and 12.52% (w/w) of potassium citrate is the optimum composition for the puri ...201728458127
direct high-pressure nmr observation of dipicolinic acid leaking from bacterial spore: a crucial step for thermal inactivation.a bacterial spore protects itself with an unusually high concentration (~10% in dry weight of spore) of dipicolinic acid (dpa), the release of which is considered the crucial step for inactivating it under mild pressure and temperature conditions. however, the process of how the spore releases dpa in response to pressure remains obscure. here we apply (1)h high-resolution high-pressure nmr spectroscopy, for the first time, to the spore suspension of bacillus subtilis natto and monitor directly a ...201728457517
dna interaction, antimicrobial, anticancer activities and molecular docking study of some new vo(ii), cr(iii), mn(ii) and ni(ii) mononuclear chelates encompassing quaridentate imine ligand.the present study was conducted to synthesis of some new imine cr(iii), vo(ii), mn(ii) and ni(ii) complexes derived from the condensation of 2-amino phenol with 2-hydroxynapthaldehyde were synthesized. the prepared hnpn imine ligand was analyzed by its melting point, ir, (1)h nmr and (13)c nmr spectroscopies. the investigated hnpn imine complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ft ir, uv-vis and thermal analysis (tga) under nitrogen atmosphere from ambient temperature to 750°c. the exp ...201728456118
fengycin produced by bacillus subtilis 9407 plays a major role in the biocontrol of apple ring rot disease.apple ring rot, caused by botryosphaeria dothidea, is a serious apple disease in china. bacillus subtilis 9407 was isolated from healthy apples and showed strong antifungal activity against b. dothidea. to identify the primary antifungal compound of b. subtilis 9407 and determine its role in controlling apple ring rot, a transposon mutant library was constructed using tnylb-1, and a mutant completely defective in antifungal activity was obtained. the gene inactivated in the antifungal activity m ...201728454713
effect of cell aspect ratio on swarming bacteria.swarming bacteria collectively migrate on surfaces using flagella, forming dynamic whirls and jets that consist of millions of individuals. because some swarming bacteria elongate prior to actual motion, cell aspect ratio may play a significant role in the collective dynamics. extensive research on self-propelled rodlike particles confirms that elongation promotes alignment, strongly affecting the dynamics. here, we study experimentally the collective dynamics of variants of swarming bacillus su ...201728452529
combatting amr: photoactivatable ruthenium(ii)-isoniazid complex exhibits rapid selective antimycobacterial activity.the novel photoactive ruthenium(ii) complex cis-[ru(bpy)2(inh)2][pf6]2 (1·2pf6, inh = isoniazid) was designed to incorporate the anti-tuberculosis drug, isoniazid, that could be released from the ru(ii) cage by photoactivation with visible light. in aqueous solution, 1 rapidly released two equivalents of isoniazid and formed the photoproduct cis-[ru(bpy)2(h2o)2](2+) upon irradiation with 465 nm blue light. we screened for activity against bacteria containing the three major classes of cell envel ...201728451184
the pas domains of the major sporulation kinase in bacillus subtilis play a role in tetramer formation that is essential for the autokinase activity.sporulation in bacillus subtilis is induced upon starvation. in a widely accepted model, an n-terminal "sensor" domain of the major sporulation kinase kina recognizes a hypothetical starvation signal(s) and autophosphorylates a histidine residue to activate the master regulator spo0a via a multicomponent phosphorelay. however, to date no confirmed signal has been found. here, we demonstrated that pas-a, the most n-terminal of the three pas domains (pas-abc), is dispensable for the activity, cont ...201728449380
suppression of the escherichia coli dnaa46 mutation by changes in the activities of the pyruvate-acetate node links dna replication regulation to central carbon metabolism.to ensure faithful transmission of genetic material to progeny cells, dna replication is tightly regulated, mainly at the initiation step. escherichia coli cells regulate the frequency of initiation according to growth conditions. results of the classical, as well as the latest studies, suggest that the dna replication in e. coli starts at a predefined, constant cell volume per chromosome but the mechanisms coordinating dna replication with cell growth are still not fully understood. results of ...201728448512
diamide inhibitors of the bacillus subtilis n-acetylglucosaminidase lytg that exhibit antibacterial activity.n-acetylglucosaminidases (glcnacases) play an important role in the remodeling and recycling of bacterial peptidoglycan by degrading the polysaccharide backbone. genetic deletions of autolysins can impair cell division and growth, suggesting an opportunity for using small molecule autolysin inhibitors both as tools for studying the chemical biology of autolysins and also as antibacterial agents. we report here the synthesis and evaluation of a panel of diamides that inhibit the growth of bacillu ...201728448118
bacillus pumilus katx2 confers enhanced hydrogen peroxide resistance to a bacillus subtilis pkata::katx2 mutant strain.bacillus pumilus cells exhibit a significantly higher resistance to hydrogen peroxide compared to closely related bacilli like bacillus subtilis.201728446175
a bacillus subtilis strain as probiotic in poultry: selection based on in vitro functional properties and enzymatic potentialities.we have proposed and validate an in vitro probiotic selection, based on enzymatic potentialities associated to well-established probiotic functional properties. a new bacillus subtilis hb2 isolate, selected based on its high extracellular enzyme production, was chosen as a probiotic candidate for application as animal feed supplement. the hb2 strain showed an excellent acid and bile salts tolerance, a strong adhesion to chick enterocytes and produced antimicrobials against pathogens. an in vivo ...201728439767
genome-wide analysis of resd, nsrr, and fur binding in bacillus subtilis during anaerobic fermentative growth by in vivo footprinting.upon oxygen limitation, the bacillus subtilis rese sensor kinase and its cognate resd response regulator play primary roles in the transcriptional activation of genes functioning in anaerobic respiration. the nitric oxide (no)-sensitive nsrr repressor controls transcription to support nitrate respiration. in addition, the ferric uptake repressor (fur) can modulate transcription under anaerobic conditions. however, whether these controls are direct or indirect has been investigated only in a gene ...201728439033
expression, purification and molecular characterization of a novel endoglucanase protein from bacillus subtilis sb13.bacillus subtilis strain sb13 which is isolated in our previous work was confirmed to produce endoglucanase. in this study, a novel endoglucanase gene (accession number: kx576676) was identified and cloned from sb13. compared with other consensus sequence of reported endoglucanase genes in the genbank database, this gene displays five differences (including t740c,a874g,a983g, t1210g and t1301c), which leading to five amino acid changes. homology modeling has indicated that these five changes wer ...201728438686
newly identified invertebrate-type lysozyme (splys-i) in mud crab (scylla paramamosain) exhibiting muramidase-deficient antimicrobial activity.lysozymes are widely distributed immune effectors exerting muramidase activity against the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall to trigger cell lysis. however, some invertebrate-type (i-type) lysozymes deficient of muramidase activity still exhibit antimicrobial activity. to date, the mechanism underlying the antimicrobial effect of muramidase-deficient i-type lysozymes remains unclear. accordingly, this study characterized a novel i-type lysozyme, splys-i, in the mud crab scylla paramamosai ...201728438599
first complete genome sequence of bacillus glycinifermentans b-27.the first complete genome sequence of bacillus glycinifermentans b-27 was determined by smrt sequencing generating a genome sequence with a total length of 4,607,442 bases. based on this sequence 4738 protein-coding sequences were predicted and used to identify gene clusters that are related to the production of secondary metabolites such as lichenysin, bacillibactin and bacitracin. this genomic potential combined with the ability of b. glycinifermentans b-27 to grown in bile containing media mi ...201728438580
structure of the fundamental lipopeptide surfactin at the air/water interface investigated by sum frequency generation spectroscopy.the lipopeptide surfactin produced by certain strains of bacillus subtilis is a powerful biosurfactant possessing potentially useful antimicrobial properties. in order to better understand its surface behavior, we have used surface sensitive sum frequency generation (sfg) vibrational spectroscopy in the c-h and c═o stretching regions to determine its structure at the air/water interface. using surfactin with the leucine groups of the peptide ring perdeuterated, we have shown that a majority of t ...201728437109
srna-mediated activation of gene expression by inhibition of 5'-3' exonucleolytic mrna degradation.post-transcriptional control by small regulatory rna (srna) is critical for rapid adaptive processes. srnas can directly modulate mrna degradation in proteobacteria without interfering with translation. however, firmicutes have a fundamentally different set of ribonucleases for mrna degradation and whether srnas can regulate the activity of these enzymes is an open question. we show that bacillus subtilis roxs, a major trans-acting srna shared with staphylococus aureus, prevents degradation of t ...201728436820
microbial flora, probiotics, bacillus subtilis and the search for a long and healthy human longevity.probiotics are live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on host health, including extended lifespan, when they are administered or present in adequate quantities. however, the mechanisms by which probiotics stimulate host longevity remain unclear and very poorly understood. in a recent study (nat. commun. 8, 14332 (2017) doi: 10.1038/ncomms14332), we used the spore-forming probiotic bacterium bacillus subtilis and the model organism caenorhabditis elegans to study the mechanism by which ...201728435840
evaluation of the synergistic effect of mixed cultures of white-rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus and biosurfactant-producing bacteria on ddt biodegradation.ddt (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane) is one of the organic synthetic pesticides that has many negative effects for human health and the environment. the purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of mixed cutures of white-rot fungus, pleurotus ostreatus, and biosurfactant-producing bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus subtilis, on ddt biodegradation. bacteria was added into p. ostreatus culture (mycelial wet weight on average by 8.53 g) in concentrat ...201728434213
the inability of bacillus licheniformis perr mutant to grow is mainly due to the lack of perr-mediated fur repression.perr, a member of fur family protein, is a metal-dependent h2o2 sensing transcription factor that regulates genes involved in peroxide stress response. industrially important bacterium bacillus licheniformis contains three perr-like proteins (perrbl, perr2, and perr3) compared to its close relative bacillus subtilis. interestingly, unlike other bacteria including b. subtilis, no authentic perr bl null mutant could be established for b. licheniformis. thus, we constructed a conditional perr bl mu ...201728434086
effects of dietary supplementation with fenugreek seeds, alone or in combination with probiotics, on gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.) skin mucosal immunity.despite increasing interest in modulating the immune response of fish, providing a combination of probiotics and herbal immunostimulants in aquafeed has rarely has been studied. the effects on gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.) of the dietary administration of fenugreek (trigonella foenum graecum) seeds alone (fe), or combined with one of the following probiotic strains: bacillus licheniformis (febl), lactobacillus plantarum (felp) or bacillus subtilis (febs) were evaluated. fish were fed a co ...201728433714
a new-generation of bacillus subtilis cell factory for further elevated scyllo-inositol production.a stereoisomer of inositol, scyllo-inositol (si), has been regarded as a promising therapeutic agent for alzheimer's disease. however, this compound is relatively rare, whereas another stereoisomer of inositol, myo-inositol (mi) is abundant in nature. bacillus subtilis 168 has the ability to metabolize inositol stereoisomers, including mi and si. previously, we reported a b. subtilis cell factory with modified inositol metabolism that converts mi into si in the culture medium. the strain was con ...201728431560
enhancement of ethyl (s)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate production at high substrate concentration by in situ resin adsorption.asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutyrate (cobe) by carbonyl reductases presents an efficient way to produce ethyl (s)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((s)-chbe), an important chiral intermediate for the synthesis of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors such as lipitor(®). in this study, an nadph-dependent carbonyl reductase (srcr) from synechocystis sp. was characterized to demonstrate a broad substrate spectrum, and the highest activity (53.1u/mg protein) with cobe. to regener ...201728427921
effect of deletion of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene (bdha) on acetoin production of bacillus subtilis.the present work aims to block 2,3-butanediol synthesis in acetoin fermentation of bacillus subtilis. first, we constructed a recombinant strain bs168d by deleting the 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene bdha of the b. subtilis168, and there was almost no 2,3-butanediol production in 20 g/l of glucose media. the acetoin yield of bs168d reached 6.61 g/l, which was about 1.5 times higher than that of the control b. subtilis168 (4.47 g/l). then, when the glucose concentration was increased to 100 g/l ...201728426331
synthesis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of novel thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles based on aroylacrylic acids.here it is described the synthesis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity determination of novel rel-([formula: see text])-6-benzoyl-7-phenyl-2-oxo-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2h-thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazole-5-carboxylic acids. the target compounds were obtained in good yields from 5-arylidene-4-thioxo-2-thiazolidinones and [formula: see text]-aroylacrylic acids via regio- and diastereoselective hetero-diels-alder reaction. the stereochemistry of the cycloaddition was confirmed by nmr spectra. the antioxid ...201728424934
gc-ms based metabolite profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different solvent extracts of malaysian plectranthus amboinicus leaves.this study evaluates the phytochemistry, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of plectranthus amboinicus leaves extracted in different solvents. the methanol extract contained the highest total phenolic (94.37 ± 1.24 mg gae/g) and flavonoid contents (26.90 ± 1.35 mg re/g) and exhibited the highest dpph scavenging activity (90.13 ± 3.32%) followed by the acetone extract (80.23 ± 3.26%) at 500 μg/ml concentration. similarly, the highest ferric ion reduction potential (849.63 ± 30.95 μm of fe (ii ...201728424737
bacillus subtilis improves immunity and disease resistance in rabbits.probiotics such as lactobacillus and bifidobacterium have been successfully used to promote growth and prevent diseases. previous reports have demonstrated that bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis) was a potential probiotic for animals. in this research, 180 b. subtilis were isolated from the soil, identified, and investigated in vitro. furthermore, five b. subtilis were selected and mixed to investigate their effect on growth performance, immune response, intestine microbiota, and disease resistance ...201728424690
molecular profiling and bioactive potential of an endophytic fungus aspergillus sulphureus isolated from sida acuta: a medicinal plant.sida acuta burm.f. (malvaceae) extracts are reported to have applications against malaria, diuretic, antipyretic, nervous and urinary diseases. no fungal endophytes of s. acuta are reported.201728424024
protective effects of bacillus subtilis against salmonella infection in the microbiome of hy-line brown layers.this study investigated the effects of bacillus subtilis csl2 administration before salmonella challenge on the fecal microbiota and microbial functionality of hy-line brown (hlb) laying hens.201728423869
the effects of direct-fed microbial supplementation, as an alternative to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal immune status, and epithelial barrier gene expression in broiler chickens.the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of bacillus subtilis-based probiotic supplementation in broiler chicken diets on growth performance, feed efficiency, intestinal cytokine, and tight junction (tj) protein mrna expression. zero-day-old broiler chicks (n = 140) were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments: basal diet (con); basal diet supplemented with either antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate (bmd); or probiotics, namely, b. subtilis strain 1781 (pb1 ...201728421423
sporulation: how to survive on planet earth (and beyond).sporulation is a strategy widely utilized by a wide variety of organisms to adapt to changes in their individual environmental niches and survive in time and/or space until they encounter conditions acceptable for vegetative growth. the spores produced by bacteria have been the subjects of extensive studies, and several systems such as bacillus subtilis have provided ample opportunities to understand the molecular basis of spore biogenesis and germination. in contrast, the spores of other microb ...201728421279
control of potassium homeostasis is an essential function of the second messenger cyclic di-amp in bacillus subtilis.the second messenger cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp) is essential in the gram-positive model organism bacillus subtilis and in related pathogenic bacteria. it controls the activity of the conserved ydao riboswitch and of several proteins involved in potassium (k(+)) uptake. we found that the ydao protein was conserved among several different bacteria and provide evidence that ydao functions as a k(+) transporter. thus, we renamed the gene and protein kima (k(+) importer a). reporter ...201728420751
volatile organic compounds produced by a soil-isolate, bacillus subtilis fa26 induce adverse ultra-structural changes to the cells of clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato.rhizobacterial volatile organic compounds (vocs) play an important role in the suppression of soil-borne phytopathogens. in this study, the vocs produced by a soil-isolate, bacillus subtilis fa26, were evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activity against clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (cms), the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato. the vocs emitted by fa26 inhibited the growth of cms significantly compared with the control. scanning and transmission electron microscop ...201728418289
draft genome sequence of a biosurfactant-producing bacillus subtilis umx-103 isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in terengganu, malaysia.the draft genome here presents the sequence of bacillus subtilis umx-103. the bacterial strain was isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from terengganu, malaysia. the whole genome of the bacterium was sequenced using illumina hiseq 2000 sequencing platform. the genome was assembled using de novo approach. the genome size of umx-103 is 4,234,627 bp with 4399 genes comprising 4301 protein-coding genes and 98 rna genes. the analysis of assembled genes revealed the presence of 25 genes involv ...201728417189
anti-influenza activity of a bacillus subtilis probiotic strain.among bacillus bacteria, b. subtilis is the species that produces the most antimicrobial compounds. in this study, we analyzed the activity of probiotic strain b. subtilis 3 against the influenza virus. the antiviral effect of this strain has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo a new peptide, p18, produced by the probiotic strain was isolated, purified, chemically synthesized, and characterized. cytotoxicity studies demonstrated no toxic effect of p18 on madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells ...201728416546
syntheses of benzophenone-xanthone hybrid polyketides and their antibacterial activities.muchimangins are benzophenone-xanthone hybrid polyketides produced by securidaca longepedunculata. however, their biological activities have not been fully investigated, since they are minor constituents in this plant. to evaluate the possibility of muchimangins as antibacterial agent candidates, five muchimangin analogs were synthesized from 2,4,5-trimethoxydiphenyl methanol and the corresponding xanthones, by utilizing p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate for the brønsted acid-catalysis. the ant ...201728416134
the effects of fermentation and enzymatic treatment of pea on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broilers.the present study examined the impacts of native, fermented or enzymatically treated peas (pisum sativum l.) inclusion in broiler diets, on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. for the fermentation process, madonna pea was mixed with water (1/1) containing 2.57×108 bacillus subtilis (gallipro®) spores/kg pea and then, incubated for 48 h at 30 °c. for the enzymatic treatment process, the used water for dough production contained three enzymes, alphagaltm (α-galactosidase), ronozyme® pro ...201728416038
phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extracts of lippia citriodora: antimicrobial, larvicidal and photocatalytic evaluations.nanoscience and nanotechnology represent new and enabling platforms that promise to provide broad range of novel and improved technologies for environmental, biological and other scientific applications. this study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by aqueous leaf extract of lippia citriodora at two different temperatures of 50°c and 90°c. the synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles (agnps) was monitored by the use of uv-visible spectroscopy at different temperatures and ...201728415554
effect of variable aminoalkyl chains on chemical grafting of cellulose nanofiber and their antimicrobial activity.recent focus on the preparation of antimicrobial surfaces using cellulose nanofibers (cnf) has gained considerable attention. in this work, functionalization of cnf films in 100% aqueous solution with three different aminosilanes, including 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (apms), 2-aminoethyl 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (dams)and 3-2-(2-aminoethylamino) ethylamino propyl-trimethoxysilane (tams) is reported for the fabrication of contact active antimicrobial materials. grafted cnf films were co ...201728415526
using the pimeloyl-coa synthetase adenylation fold to synthesize fatty acid thioesters.biotin is an essential vitamin in plants and mammals, functioning as the carbon dioxide carrier within central lipid metabolism. bacterial pimeloyl-coa synthetase (biow) acts as a highly specific substrate-selection gate, ensuring the integrity of the carbon chain in biotin synthesis. biow catalyzes the condensation of pimelic acid (c7 dicarboxylic acid) with coash in an atp-dependent manner to form pimeloyl-coa, the first dedicated biotin building block. multiple structures of bacillus subtilis ...201728414710
suppression of enteric bacteria by bacteriophages: importance of phage polyvalence in the presence of soil bacteria.bacteriophages are widely recognized for their importance in microbial ecology and bacterial control. however, little is known about how phage polyvalence (i.e., broad host range) affects bacterial suppression and interspecies competition in environments harboring enteric pathogens and soil bacteria. here we compare the efficacy of polyvalent phage pef1 versus coliphage t4 in suppressing a model enteric bacterium (e. coli k-12) in mixtures with soil bacteria (pseudomonas putida f1 and bacillus s ...201728414441
crystal structure of the c-terminal domain of bacillus subtilis gabr reveals a closed conformation by γ-aminobutyric acid binding, inducing transcriptional activation.bacillus subtilis gabr (bsgabr) is involved in the γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) catabolism as a transcriptional regulator, consisting of an n-terminal helix-turn-helix dna-binding domain and a c-terminal aminotransferase-like (at-like) domain. research on the c-terminal at-like domain of bsgabr (bsgabr-ctd) has focused on the interaction with gaba as an effector, but most its functional details remain unclear. to understand the underlying mechanism, we report the crystal structure of bsgabr-ctd in ...201728412355
instant green synthesis of silver-based herbo-metallic colloidal nanosuspension in terminalia bellirica fruit aqueous extract for catalytic and antibacterial applications.in the present study, microwave-assisted, optimized, instant, terminalia bellirica fruit extract-mediated green synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles (agnps) has been reported. the synthesized agnps were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, ftir, zetasizer, fesem, edx and xrd. the characteristic surface plasmon peak of reaction mixture at 406 nm confirmed the synthesis of agnps. the ftir studies confirmed phytoconstituents were responsible for the synthesis and stability of agnps. the fes ...201728409425
cell wall-deficient, l-form bacteria in the 21st century: a personal perspective.the peptidoglycan (pg) cell wall is a defining feature of the bacteria. it emerged very early in evolution and must have contributed significantly to the success of these organisms. the wall features prominently in our thinking about bacterial cell function, and its synthesis involves the action of several dozen proteins that are normally essential for viability. surprisingly, it turns out to be relatively simple to generate bacterial genetic variants called l-forms that completely lack pg. they ...201728408469
cell death pathway that monitors spore morphogenesis.the use of quality control mechanisms to stall developmental pathways or completely remove defective cells from a population is a widespread strategy to ensure the integrity of morphogenetic programs. endospore formation (sporulation) is a well conserved microbial developmental strategy in the firmicutes phylum wherein a progenitor cell that faces starvation differentiates to form a dormant spore. despite the conservation of this strategy, it has been unclear what selective pressure maintains th ...201728408070
molecular characterization of an unauthorized genetically modified bacillus subtilis production strain identified in a vitamin b2 feed additive.many food and feed additives result from fermentation of genetically modified (gm) microorganisms. for vitamin b2 (riboflavin), gm bacillus subtilis production strains have been developed and are often used. the presence of neither the gm strain nor its recombinant dna is allowed for fermentation products placed on the eu market as food or feed additive. a vitamin b2 product (80% feed grade) imported from china was analysed. viable b. subtilis cells were identified and dnas of two bacterial isol ...201728407967
a network of cis and trans interactions is required for parb spreading.most bacteria utilize the highly conserved parabs partitioning system in plasmid and chromosome segregation. this system depends on a dna-binding protein parb, which binds specifically to the centromere dna sequence pars and to adjacent non-specific dna over multiple kilobases in a phenomenon called spreading. previous single-molecule experiments in combination with genetic, biochemical and computational studies have argued that parb spreading requires cooperative interactions between parb dimer ...201728407103
membrane penetration by bacterial viruses.the bacteriophage ϕ29 infects gram-positive bacillus subtilis with a short noncontractile tail. recent studies showed that the ϕ29 tail protein gp9 forms a hexameric tube with six long loops of membrane-active peptides blocking in the tube at the distal end of the tail. the long loops exit on genome release and form a membrane pore for passage of the genome. the membrane penetration mechanism of the ϕ29 tail might be common among tailed bacteriophages.201728404851
empirical bayes method for reducing false discovery rates of correlation matrices with block diagonal structure.correlation matrices are important in inferring relationships and networks between regulatory or signalling elements in biological systems. with currently available technology sample sizes for experiments are typically small, meaning that these correlations can be difficult to estimate. at a genome-wide scale estimation of correlation matrices can also be computationally demanding.201728403823
a non-canonical multisubunit rna polymerase encoded by the ar9 phage recognizes the template strand of its uracil-containing promoters.ar9 is a giant bacillus subtilis phage whose uracil-containing double-stranded dna genome encodes distant homologs of β and β' subunits of bacterial rna polymerase (rnap). the products of these genes are thought to assemble into two non-canonical multisubunit rnaps - a virion rnap (vrnap) that is injected into the host along with phage dna to transcribe early phage genes, and a non-virion rnap (nvrnap), which is synthesized during the infection and transcribes late phage genes. we purified the a ...201728402520
bioremediation of methylene blue dye using bacillus subtilis mtcc 441.methylene blue (mb) commonly found in the textile industry effluent has been chosen as a model dye to investigate bioremediation using bacillus subtilis mtcc 441. both free cells and calcium alginate immobilized cells have been used to remove mb from the effluent. the operating variables of initial concentration of dye (20-60 mg/l), inoculum size (4-8%) and temperature (25-35 °c) have been varied judiciously during the kinetic study in a batch contactor. a maximum removal of 91.68% is obtained w ...201728402298
the choice of the anchoring protein influences the interaction of recombinant bacillus spores with the immune system.the technology of display of heterologous proteins on the surface of bacillus subtilis spores enables use of these structures as carriers of antigens for mucosal vaccination. currently, there are no technical possibilities to predict whether a designed fusion will be efficiently displayed on the spore surface and how such recombinant spores will interact with cells of the immune system. in this study, we compared four variants of b. subtilis spores presenting a fragment of a flid protein from cl ...201728399189
effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, gastrointestinal microflora population and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens.1. this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary cottonseed meal (csm) or fermented cottonseed meal (fcsm) for soya bean meal (sbm) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, gastrointestinal microbial populations, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. 2. csm was fermented with bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger and a. oryzae for 7 d. a total of 300 one-d-old male ross 308 broiler chickens were used in a 42-d experiment in which the birds were randoml ...201728398088
healable antifouling films composed of partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(acrylic acid).antifouling polymeric films can prevent undesirable adhesion of bacteria but are prone to accidental scratches, leading to a loss of their antifouling functions. to solve this problem, we report the fabrication of healable antifouling polymeric films by layer-by-layer assembly of partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (petox-ei-7%) and poly(acrylic acid) (paa) based on hydrogen-bonding interaction as the driving force. the thermally cross-linked (paa/petox-ei-7%)*100 films show strong re ...201728398038
cut in translation: ribosome-dependent mrna decay.transcription and translation are two complex mechanisms that are tightly coupled in prokaryotic cells. even before the completion of transcription, ribosomes attach to the nascent mrna and initiate protein synthesis. remarkably, recent publications have indicated an association between translation and decay of certain mrnas. in this issue of the embo journal, leroy et al (2017) depicts a fascinating mechanism of mrna degradation, which involves the ribosome-associated ribonuclease rae1 in bacil ...201728396493
probiotic bacillus: fate during sausage processing and storage and influence of different culturing conditions on recovery of their spores.the current study was designed to assess the fate of probiotic strains of bacillus coagulans atcc 31284 and bacillus subtilis var. natto atcc 15245 (as spores) during processing and refrigerated storage of cooked sausage as well as the influence of culturing conditions on the recovery of spores. the highest recovery of b. coagulans atcc 31284 and b. subtilis var. natto atcc 15245 spores were obtained on trypticase soy agar (tsa) (15.22 and 15.12logcfu/ml, respectively) which was carried out unde ...201728395824
agro-industrial wastes for production of biosurfactant by bacillus subtilis anr 88 and its application in synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles.biosurfactants, surface-active amphiphilic compounds, despite having a wide range of applications, have a high cost of production, which severely restricts their use. for cheaper production of biosurfactant, we investigated the potential of the indigenously isolated biosurfactant producing organism, bacillus subtilis anr 88, to grow on different cheap carbon sources (molasses, whey, and extracts of potato peels, orange peels, banana peels, and bagasse). we found that, b. subtilis anr 88 used sig ...201728392783
nattokinase, profibrinolytic enzyme, effectively shrinks the nasal polyp tissue and decreases viscosity of mucus.chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (crswnp) is often comorbid with asthma and resistant to therapeutic interventions. we recently reported that excessive fibrin deposition caused by impairment of fibrinolysis might play pivotal role in forming nasal polyp. nattokinase (nk), a serine protease produced by bacillus subtilis, has been reported to be a strong fibrinolytic enzyme. nk could be a promising drug candidate for use in the treatment of both crswnp and asthma. the objective of this stu ...201728389065
structural insight into the specific dna template binding to dnag primase in bacteria.bacterial primase initiates the repeated synthesis of short rna primers that are extended by dna polymerase to synthesize okazaki fragments on the lagging strand at replication forks. it remains unclear how the enzyme recognizes specific initiation sites. in this study, the dnag primase from bacillus subtilis (bsudnag) was characterized and the crystal structure of the rna polymerase domain (rpd) was determined. structural comparisons revealed that the tethered zinc binding domain plays an impor ...201728386108
coupling between distant biofilms and emergence of nutrient time-sharing.bacteria within communities can interact to organize their behavior. it has been unclear whether such interactions can extend beyond a single community to coordinate the behavior of distant populations. we discovered that two bacillus subtilis biofilm communities undergoing metabolic oscillations can become coupled through electrical signaling and synchronize their growth dynamics. coupling increases competition by also synchronizing demand for limited nutrients. as predicted by mathematical mod ...201728386026
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