Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| paneth cell alpha-defensins: peptide mediators of innate immunity in the small intestine. | epithelial cells contribute to innate immunity by releasing antimicrobial peptides (amps) onto mucosal surfaces. in the small bowel, paneth cells at the base of the crypts of lieberkühn secrete alpha-defensins and additional amps at high levels in response to cholinergic stimulation and when exposed to bacterial antigens. the release of paneth cell products into the crypt lumen is inferred to protect mitotically active crypt cells that renew the epithelial cell monolayer from colonization by pot ... | 2005 | 15931529 |
| identification of plasmids by pcr-based replicon typing. | the epidemiological importance of tracing plasmids conferring drug resistance prompted us to develop a pcr method based on replicons (inc/rep pcr) of the major plasmid incompatibility groups among enterobacteriaceae. eighteen pairs of primers were designed to perform 5 multiplex- and 3 simplex-pcrs, recognizing fia, fib, fic, hi1, hi2, i1-igamma, l/m, n, p, w, t, a/c, k, b/o, x, y, f, and fiia. the specificity of the method was tested on a collection of 61 reference plasmids and on 20 salmonella ... | 2005 | 15935499 |
| hyper-susceptibility of a fusidic acid-resistant mutant of salmonella to different classes of antibiotics. | fusidic acid resistance (fus(r)) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is caused by mutations in fusa, encoding elongation factor g (ef-g). pleiotropic phenotypes are observed in fus(r) mutants. thus, the fusa1 allele (ef-g p413l) is associated with slow growth rate, reduced ppgpp and rpos levels, reduced heme levels, and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. the fusa1-15 allele, (ef-g p413l and t423i) derived from fusa1 in a selection for growth rate compensation, is partially compens ... | 2005 | 15935566 |
| temperature-dependent conjugative transfer of r27: role of chromosome- and plasmid-encoded hha and h-ns proteins. | inchi plasmids encode multiple-antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. these plasmids have been considered to play a relevant role in the persistence and reemergence of this microorganism. the inchi1 plasmid r27, which can be considered the prototype of inchi plasmids, is thermosensitive for transfer. conjugation frequency is highest at low temperature (25 to 30 degrees c), decreasing when temperature increases. r27 codifies an h-ns-like protein (open reading frame 164 [orf16 ... | 2005 | 15937157 |
| characterization of gla(kp), a udp-galacturonic acid c4-epimerase from klebsiella pneumoniae with extended substrate specificity. | in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica, the core oligosaccharide backbone of the lipopolysaccharide is modified by phosphoryl groups. the negative charges provided by these residues are important in maintaining the barrier function of the outer membrane. in contrast, klebsiella pneumoniae lacks phosphoryl groups in its core oligosaccharide but instead contains galacturonic acid residues that are proposed to serve a similar function in outer membrane stability. gla(kp) is a udp-galacturonic ... | 2005 | 15937173 |
| the role of cd1d-restricted nk t lymphocytes in the immune response to oral infection with salmonella typhimurium. | cd1d-restricted natural killer t (nkt) cells belong to the innate-like lymphocytes which respond rapidly to stress and infectious challenge. we have studied murine cd1d-restricted nkt cells in the early immune response to virulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium after oral infection. in the liver and spleen, neutrophil and macrophage numbers had increased several-fold by day 5 post-infection, while the frequency of b and t lymphocytes decreased. these cellular changes occurred independen ... | 2005 | 15940666 |
| beta-lactamases among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-resistant salmonella from poultry, poultry products and human patients in the netherlands. | the purpose of this work was to study the genetic determinants responsible for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) resistance of salmonella isolated from dutch poultry, poultry meat and hospitalized humans. | 2005 | 15941775 |
| oral immunization with a dam mutant of yersinia pseudotuberculosis protects against plague. | inactivation of the gene encoding dna adenine methylase (dam) has been shown to attenuate some pathogens such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and is a lethal mutation in others such as yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain ypiii. in this study the dam methylase gene in yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain ip32953 was inactivated. unlike the wild-type, dna isolated from the mutant could be digested with mboi, which is consistent with an altered pattern of dna methylation. the mutant was sen ... | 2005 | 15941999 |
| the phop/phoq system controls the intramacrophage type three secretion system of salmonella enterica. | spi/ssa is a unique type three secretion system that functions exclusively when salmonella enterica is inside eukaryotic cells. expression of the spi/ssa system and its secreted effectors is dependent on ssrb/spir, a two-component regulatory system encoded in the spi-2 pathogenicity island that also harbours the spi/ssa genes. here we determine that the phop/phoq two-component system controls the intramacrophage expression of spi/ssa genes by regulating the ssrb/spir system. we establish that ph ... | 2005 | 15948951 |
| salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium misl is an intestinal colonization factor that binds fibronectin. | misl is an autotransporter protein encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 3 (spi3). to investigate the role of misl in salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) pathogenesis, we characterized its function during infection of mice and identified a host receptor for this adhesin. in a mouse model of s. typhimurium intestinal persistence, a misl mutant was shed with the faeces in significantly lower numbers than the wild type and was impaired in its ability to colonize the cecum ... | 2005 | 15948960 |
| antimicrobial activity of ultrasonic cleaners. | this study assessed the antimicrobial activity of two cleaning solutions and tap water after varying periods of use in one ultrasonic cleaner. testing involved filling the cleaner's tank and a centred glass beaker with the same test solution. an aluminium foil strip test first determined that no significant differences in cavitational activity existed inside the beaker compared with outside. standardized solutions of staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella choleraesuis were ... | 2005 | 15949617 |
| expanding the bactericidal action of the food color additive phloxine b to gram-negative bacteria. | phloxine b (d&c red no. 28) is a color additive for food, drugs, and cosmetics. it has been previously shown to have anti-staphylococcus aureus activities. in this work, the effect of phloxine b on various gram-negative bacteria and other gram-positive bacteria including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus subtilis, bacillus aureus, salmonella, escherichia coli and shigella was studied, along with the mechanism of anti-microbial activity. in the presence of fluor ... | 2005 | 15949926 |
| effect of alternative on-site wastewater treatment on the viability and culturability of salmonella choleraesuis. | the objective of this study was to determine how alternative on-site wastewater treatment systems (i.e. subsurface flow constructed wetlands, intermittent sand filters and intermittent peat filters) affect the viability and culturability of salmonella choleraesuis (serotype typhimurium, atcc 23567). influent was a high strength septic tank effluent (bod5 240-344 mgl(-1), tn approximately 100 mgl(-1), tp approximately 15 mgl(-1)) at the natural resources research institute's (nrri) alternative tr ... | 2005 | 15952448 |
| new concepts in salmonella virulence: the importance of reducing the intracellular growth rate in the host. | the literature refers to salmonella enterica as an intracellular bacterial pathogen that proliferates within vacuoles of mammalian cells. however, recent in vivo studies have revealed that the vast majority of infected cells contain very few intracellular bacteria (three to four organisms). salmonella intracellular growth is also limited in cultured dendritic cells and fibroblasts, two cell types abundant in tissues located underneath the intestinal epithelium. recently, a salmonella factor prev ... | 2005 | 15953023 |
| antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica group c strains isolated from humans in turkey, 2000-2002. | fifty-three salmonella enterica group c isolates obtained from various human samples (47 stool, 4 blood and 2 urine) in ten provinces of turkey between 1 july 2000 and 30 june 2002 were serotyped and resistance to antimicrobials was investigated by agar dilution tests. the isolates were identified as s. choleraesuis (11), s. hadar (7), s. irumu (4), s. virchow (3), s. tallahassee (3), s. paratyphi c (2), s. braenderup (2), s. othmarschen (2), s. menston (2), s. concord (2), s. infantis (2), s. k ... | 2005 | 15953709 |
| a study of the prevalence and enumeration of salmonella enterica in cattle and on carcasses during processing. | salmonella prevalence and counts were estimated for samples from the oral cavity, hide, rumen, and feces of 100 cattle at slaughter and from the pre- and postchill carcasses of these cattle. samples were collected from 25 consecutively slaughtered cattle from each of four unrelated groups slaughtered at a single abattoir on different days. ten additional fecal samples from each group were collected from their respective abattoir holding pens prior to slaughter. the prevalence of salmonella was e ... | 2005 | 15954700 |
| efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide as a sanitizer for killing salmonella, yeasts, and molds on blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries. | gaseous chlorine dioxide (clo2) was tested for its effectiveness in killing salmonella, yeasts, and molds on blueberries, strawberries, and red raspberries. an inoculum (100 microl, 6.0 to 6.8 log cfu/g of fruit) that contained five serotypes of salmonella enterica was deposited on the skin, calyx tissue, or stem scar tissue of blueberries, skin or stem scar tissue of strawberries, and skin of red raspberries, dried for 2 h at 22 degrees c, then held for 20 h at 4 degrees c and 2 h at 22 degrees ... | 2005 | 15954703 |
| evaluation of gaseous chlorine dioxide as a sanitizer for killing salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and yeasts and molds on fresh and fresh-cut produce. | gaseous chlorine dioxide (clo2) was evaluated for effectiveness in killing salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut lettuce, cabbage, and carrot and salmonella, yeasts, and molds on apples, peaches. tomatoes, and onions. inoculum (100 microl, ca. 6.8 log cfu) containing five serotypes of salmonella enterica, five strains of e. coli o157:h7, or five strains of l. monocytogenes was deposited on the skin and cut surfaces of fresh-cut vegetables, dried for 30 min ... | 2005 | 15954704 |
| chips and snps, bugs and thugs: a molecular sleuthing perspective. | recent events both here and abroad have focused attention on the need for ensuring a safe and secure food supply. although much has been written about the potential of particular select agents in bioterrorism, we must consider seriously the more mundane pathogens, especially those that have been implicated previously in foodborne outbreaks of human disease, as possible agents of bioterrorism. given their evolutionary history, the enteric pathogens are more diverse than agents such as bacillus an ... | 2005 | 15954721 |
| spectroscopic and computational studies of the atp:corrinoid adenosyltransferase (coba) from salmonella enterica: insights into the mechanism of adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis. | coba from salmonella enterica is a member of an enzymatic system responsible for the de novo biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin (adocbl), catalyzing the formation of the essential co-c bond by transferring the adenosyl group from a molecule of atp to a transient co(1+)corrinoid species generated in the enzyme active site. a particularly fascinating aspect of this reaction is that the flavodoxin in vivo reducing agent that serves as the electron donor to coba possesses a reduction potential that i ... | 2005 | 15954777 |
| fluoroquinolone treatment of experimental salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 infections in chickens selects for both gyra mutations and changes in efflux pump gene expression. | to determine the efficacy of enrofloxacin (baytril) in chickens in eradicating three different resistance phenotypes of salmonella enterica and to examine the resistance mechanisms of resulting mutants. | 2005 | 15956100 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and monophasic salmonella serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates in thailand. | duplex pcr was developed to screen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type dt104 and related strains in thailand because a phage typing laboratory of serovar typhimurium is not available. of 46 isolates of serovar typhimurium and 32 isolates of s. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:-, 15 (33%) and 30 (94%) were duplex pcr positive, respectively. all isolates were submitted for phage typing to analyze the specificity of the pcr assay. among serovar typhimurium isolates that yielded positive ... | 2005 | 15956391 |
| epidemiologic relationship between fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis strains isolated from humans and pigs in taiwan (1997 to 2002). | the emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis in recent years has become an important public health issue in taiwan. the resistant strains that cause human infections are considered to be from pigs. in this study, we characterized 157 swine and 42 human salmonella serovar choleraesuis isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and drug susceptibility testing to investigate the epidemiologic relationship among the isolates. by pfge analyses, two major ... | 2005 | 15956400 |
| effect of feed particle size and feed processing on morphological characteristics in the small and large intestine of pigs and on adhesion of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt12 in the ileum in vitro. | a 2 x 2 factorial experiment with pigs was undertaken to investigate the effect of particle size (fine and coarse) and feed processing (pelleted and nonpelleted) on morphological characteristics in the small intestine, cecum, and colon of pigs and on the adhesion of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt12 to the ileum in vitro. ninety-six pigs (average bw = 33 +/- 7 kg) were fed the experimental diets. after 4 wk, 24 pigs were selected (six pigs per diet) and euthanized, and tissue samples ... | 2005 | 15956464 |
| risk factors associated with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination of chicken carcases in senegal. | this study was to identify the risk factors for salmonella spp. contamination of senegalese chicken carcases during slaughtering. one hundred and twenty traditional slaughterhouses were studied from january 2000 to december 2002 in and around dakar. a questionnaire was answered by the slaughterers, and samples of breast skin were taken to assess the salmonella status of chicken carcases. results showed that 43.3% of the batches were contaminated with salmonella, indicating salmonella hadar and s ... | 2005 | 15957441 |
| anti-inflammatory properties of heat shock protein 70 and butyrate on salmonella-induced interleukin-8 secretion in enterocyte-like caco-2 cells. | intestinal epithelial cells secrete the chemokine interleukin (il)-8 in the course of inflammation. because heat shock proteins (hsps) and butyrate confer protection to enterocytes, we investigated whether they modulate salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. serovar enteritidis)-induced secretion of il-8 in enterocyte-like caco-2 cells. caco-2 cells incubated with or without butyrate (0-20 m m, 48 h) were infected with s. serovar enteritidis after (1 h at 42 degrees c, 6 h at 37 degrees c) ... | 2005 | 15958071 |
| cell membrane array fabrication and assay technology. | microarray technology has been used extensively over the past 10 years for assessing gene expression, and has facilitated precise genetic profiling of everything from tumors to small molecule drugs. by contrast, arraying cell membranes in a manner which preserves their ability to mediate biochemical processes has been considerably more difficult. | 2005 | 15960850 |
| cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella, taiwan. | we report the prevalence and characteristics of salmonella strains resistant to ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins in taiwan from january to may 2004. all isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins carried blacmy-2, and all ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis isolates were genetically related. | 2005 | 15963294 |
| h-ns is a part of a thermally controlled mechanism for bacterial gene regulation. | temperature is a primary environmental stress to which micro-organisms must be able to adapt and respond rapidly. whereas some bacteria are restricted to specific niches and have limited abilities to survive changes in their environment, others, such as members of the enterobacteriaceae, can withstand wide fluctuations in temperature. in addition to regulating cellular physiology, pathogenic bacteria use temperature as a cue for activating virulence gene expression. this work confirms that the n ... | 2005 | 15966862 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains of veterinary origin by molecular typing methods. | twenty-eight strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were characterized by three pcr-based methods. ten strains harbored type i integrons and two different integron profiles were detected. typing by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) resulted in observation of 10 profiles that differed by one to six bands. salmonella strains were screened for presence of phage genes using a pcr-phage typing; five genes from p22 phage and genes encoding putative virulence factors from phages ... | 2005 | 15967599 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype senftenberg isolates producing ctx-m beta-lactamases from constantine, algeria. | 2005 | 15967765 | |
| microarray analysis and motif detection reveal new targets of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium hila regulatory protein, including hila itself. | dna regulatory motifs reflect the direct transcriptional interactions between regulators and their target genes and contain important information regarding transcriptional networks. in silico motif detection strategies search for dna patterns that are present more frequently in a set of related sequences than in a set of unrelated sequences. related sequences could be genes that are coexpressed and are therefore expected to share similar conserved regulatory motifs. we identified coexpressed gen ... | 2005 | 15968047 |
| the genomic island sgi1, containing the multiple antibiotic resistance region of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 or variants of it, is widely distributed in other s. enterica serovars. | the global dissemination of the multiply-antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 clone with the resistance genes located in a class 1 integron, here designated in104, within genomic island sgi1 is a significant public health issue. here, we have shown that sgi1 and variants of it carrying different combinations of resistance genes are found in several salmonella enterica serovars. these are serovars cerro, derby, dusseldorf, infantis, kiambu, and paratyphi b dt(+) isol ... | 2005 | 15968049 |
| binding of pseudomonas aeruginosa algz to sites upstream of the algz promoter leads to repression of transcription. | mucoid variants of the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa produce the exopolysaccharide alginate and colonize the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis patients. the genes encoding the alginate biosynthetic enzymes are clustered in a single operon, which is under tight transcriptional control. one essential activator of the alginate operon is algz, a proposed ribbon-helix-helix dna binding protein that shares 30% amino acid identity with the mnt repressor of salmonella enterica serova ... | 2005 | 15968052 |
| assimilation of nicotinamide mononucleotide requires periplasmic apha phosphatase in salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica can obtain pyridine from exogenous nicotinamide mononucleotide (nmn) by three routes. in route 1, nicotinamide is removed from nmn in the periplasm and enters the cell as the free base. in route 2, described here, phosphate is removed from nmn in the periplasm by acid phosphatase (apha), and the produced nicotinamide ribonucleoside (nmr) enters the cell via the pnuc transporter. internal nmr is then converted back to nmn by the nmr kinase activity of nadr. route 3 is seen onl ... | 2005 | 15968063 |
| quantitative detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi from blood of suspected typhoid fever patients by real-time pcr. | we quantified the gene copies from salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) in the blood of patients suspected of having typhoid fever by using taqman-based real-time pcr (taqman assay) to target the s. typhi flagellin gene in genomic dnas isolated from blood samples. of 55 blood samples taken from suspected typhoid fever patients, eight blood samples with a positive blood culture had s. typhi loads ranging from 1.01 x 10(3) to 4.35 x 10(4) copies/ml blood, and from 47 blood samples with neg ... | 2005 | 15969472 |
| treatment failure in a typhoid patient infected with nalidixic acid resistant s. enterica serovar typhi with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin: a case report from cameroon. | fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins are the drugs of choice for the treatment of typhoid fever. treatment failure with fluoroquinolones has been reported in asia and europe. we report a case of ciprofloxacin treatment failure in typhoid fever in cameroon. | 2005 | 15969764 |
| the effect of electron beam irradiation on the survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and psychrotrophic bacteria on raw chicken breasts stored at four degrees celsius for fourteen days. | the effect of high-energy electron beam irradiation on the survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and psychrotrophic bacteria on commercial chicken breast meat was evaluated. fresh chicken breast meat was purchased from a local poultry processor, inoculated with 8 log10 cfu/ml salmonella, packaged in styrofoam trays and over wrapped with a polyvinyl chloride film, and subjected to 0, 1, 2, or 3 kgy of irradiation. the packaged samples were stored at 4 degrees c and analyzed for salm ... | 2005 | 15971537 |
| survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium within late endosomal-lysosomal compartments of b lymphocytes is associated with the inability to use the vacuolar alternative major histocompatibility complex class i antigen-processing pathway. | gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-activated macrophages use an alternative processing mechanism to present salmonella antigens to cd8(+) t lymphocytes. this pathway involves processing of antigen in a vacuolar compartment followed by secretion and loading of antigenic peptides to major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i) molecules on macrophage cell surface and bystander cells. in this study, we have shown that b lymphocytes are not able to process salmonella antigens using this alternative pa ... | 2005 | 15972480 |
| virulence attenuation and live vaccine potential of aroa, crp cdt cya, and plasmid-cured mutants of salmonella enterica serovar abortusovis in mice and sheep. | three live vaccine candidates of salmonella enterica subspecies i serotype abortusovis (aroa, cya crp cdt, and plasmid-cured strains) have been developed, and their efficacies in inducing humoral antibodies and protecting against abortion after challenge with wild-type strain ss44 were evaluated in sheep. following estrus synchronization, animals were immunized 3 weeks after fertilization and boosted once 3 weeks later. following challenge with wild-type ss44, pregnancy failure of vaccinated ewe ... | 2005 | 15972523 |
| scis, an icmf homolog in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, limits intracellular replication and decreases virulence. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium utilizes macrophages to disseminate from the intestine to deeper tissues within the body. while s. enterica serovar typhimurium has been shown to kill its host macrophage, it can persist intracellularly beyond 18 h postinfection. to identify factors involved in late stages of infection, we screened a transposon library made in s. enterica serovar typhimurium for the ability to persist in j774 macrophages at 24 h postinfection. through this screen, we ident ... | 2005 | 15972528 |
| slya regulates function of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) and expression of spi-2-associated genes. | during the systemic phase of murine infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, bacterial virulence is correlated with the ability to grow and survive within host macrophages. salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2), encoding a type three secretion system, has emerged as an important contributor to salmonella intracellular growth. spi-2 mutants have been proposed to be more accessible than wild-type salmonella to oxyradicals generated by the nadph phagocyte oxidase. we performed mi ... | 2005 | 15972530 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood isolates from a teaching hospital in north india. | bloodstream infections are associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. in this study, we examined antimicrobial susceptibility patterns by reviewing the data on 5,704 blood samples that were collected from patients with fever/sepsis admitted to government medical college and hospital, chandigarh, india, over a period of 1 year from august 2003 to july 2004. among the 567 qualifying samples, pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.75%), escherichia coli (15.17%), klebsiella pneumoni ... | 2005 | 15973011 |
| [comparison of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar newport isolates from a patient and sewages in fukui prefecture]. | from may 2003 to march 2004, nine strains of multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serovar newport were isolated from 5 sewages of 3 sewage treatment plants located in 2 different regions of fukui prefecture. antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified 2 different mdr patterns (type i and ii). type i strains were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, sulfisoxazole, cefotaxime, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, and ceftrazidime and ... | 2005 | 15977565 |
| distribution of genes encoding the microbial non-oxidative reversible hydroxyarylic acid decarboxylases/phenol carboxylases. | bacterial non-oxidative, reversible multi subunit hydroxyarylic acid decarboxylases/phenol carboxylases are encoded by the three clustered genes, b, c, and d, of approximately 0.6, 1.4, and 0.2 kb, respectively. there are more than 160 homologues in the database with significant similarity to gene b (homology to ubix) and c (ubid) distributed in all three microbial domains, however, homologues to gene d, are not numerous ( approximately 15). the occurrence of the entire bcd gene cluster encoding ... | 2005 | 15979273 |
| constitutive soxr mutations contribute to multiple-antibiotic resistance in clinical escherichia coli isolates. | the soxrs regulon of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica is induced by redox-cycling compounds or nitric oxide and provides resistance to superoxide-generating agents, macrophage-generated nitric oxide, antibiotics, and organic solvents. we have previously shown that constitutive expression of soxrs can contribute to quinolone resistance in clinically relevant s. enterica. in this work, we have carried out an analysis of the mechanism of constitutive soxs expression and its role in antibiot ... | 2005 | 15980345 |
| novel approach to mapping of resistance mutations in whole genomes by using restriction enzyme modulation of transformation efficiency. | restriction enzyme modulation of transformation efficiencies (remote) is a method that makes use of genome restriction maps and experimentally observed differences in transformation efficiencies of genomic dna restriction digests to discover the location of mutations in genomes. the frequency with which digested genomic dna from a resistant strain transforms a susceptible strain to resistance is primarily determined by the size of the fragment containing the resistance mutation and the distance ... | 2005 | 15980348 |
| multiple-antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b isolates collected in france between 2000 and 2003 is due mainly to strains harboring salmonella genomic islands 1, 1-b, and 1-c. | this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of multiple-antibiotic resistance among 261 clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b strains collected between 2000 and 2003 through the network of the french national reference center for salmonella. the 47 multidrug-resistant (mdr) isolates identified (18%), were characterized on the basis of the presence of several resistance genes (bla(tem), bla(pse-1), bla(ctx-m), flor, aada2, qacedelta1, and sul1), the presence of ... | 2005 | 15980351 |
| worldwide disseminated arma aminoglycoside resistance methylase gene is borne by composite transposon tn1548. | the arma (aminoglycoside resistance methylase) gene, which confers resistance to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamines and fortimicin, was initially found in klebsiella pneumoniae bm4536 on incl/m plasmid pip1204 of ca. 90 kb which also encodes the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ctx-m-3. thirty-four enterobacteria from various countries that were likely to produce a ctx-m enzyme since they were more resistant to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime were studied. the arma gene was detected in 12 clinic ... | 2005 | 15980373 |
| structural and functional study of the phenicol-specific efflux pump flor belonging to the major facilitator superfamily. | the florfenicol-chloramphenicol resistance gene flor from salmonella enterica was previously identified and postulated to belong to the major facilitator (mf) superfamily of drug exporters. here, we confirmed a computer-predicted transmembrane topological model of flor, using the phoa gene fusion method, and classified this protein in the dha12 family (containing 12 transmembrane domains) of mf efflux transporters. we also showed that flor is a transporter specific for structurally associated ph ... | 2005 | 15980376 |
| peptides selected for binding to a virulent strain of haemophilus influenzae by phage display are bactericidal. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is an obligate parasite of the oropharynx of humans, in whom it commonly causes mucosal infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis. we used a subtractive phage display approach to affinity select for peptides binding to the cell surface of a novel invasive nthi strain r2866 (also called int1). over half of the selected phage peptides tested were bactericidal toward r2866 in a dose-dependent manner. five of the clones encoded the same pept ... | 2005 | 15980377 |
| transcriptional analysis of the bla(ctx-m-2) gene in salmonella enterica serovar infantis. | transcriptional organization of bla(ctx-m-2) present in a multiresistance plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar infantis suggests the presence of more than one promoter involved in the expression of the beta-lactamase gene. at least two bla(ctx-m-2)-specific mrnas (near to 1 kb and 5 kb) were evidenced. two +1 signals were detected at -22 bp and -59 bp of bla(ctx-m-2) defining two putative promoters. | 2005 | 15980388 |
| investigation of ansb and sspa derived promoters for multi- and single-copy antigen expression in attenuated salmonella enterica var. typhimurium. | five candidate promoters were examined to determine their utility in directing immunogenic levels of expression of the c fragment from tetanus toxin in attenuated s. enterica used as an oral vaccine in mice. promoters derived from the genes encoding the stringent starvation protein (sspa) from e. coli and s. enterica, but not ansb derived promoters, expressed immunogenic levels of c fragment from multi-copy plasmids in attenuated s. enterica in vivo and, following oral immunization, induced high ... | 2005 | 15982791 |
| the salmonella effector pipb2 affects late endosome/lysosome distribution to mediate sif extension. | after internalization into mammalian cells, the bacterial pathogen salmonella enterica resides within a membrane-bound compartment, the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). during its maturation process, the scv interacts extensively with host cell endocytic compartments, especially late endosomes/lysosomes (le/lys) at later stages. these interactions are mediated by the activities of multiple bacterial and host cell proteins. here, we show that the salmonella type iii effector pipb2 reorganizes ... | 2005 | 15987736 |
| a novel galactooligosaccharide mixture increases the bifidobacterial population numbers in a continuous in vitro fermentation system and in the proximal colonic contents of pigs in vivo. | prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that encourage proliferation of selected groups of the colonic microflora, thereby altering the composition toward a more beneficial community. in the present study, the prebiotic potential of a novel galactooligosaccharide (gos) mixture, produced by the activity of galactosyltransferases from bifidobacterium bifidum 41171 on lactose, was assessed in vitro and in a parallel continuous randomized pig trial. in situ fluorescent hybridization with 16s r ... | 2005 | 15987856 |
| utility of pcr in diagnosing complicated cases of unusual clinical manifestations of salmonella enterica var. paratyphi a. | 2005 | 15989920 | |
| [nation-wide outbreak of salmonella give in germany, 2004]. | in spring and summer 2004, a multistate outbreak of infections caused by salmonella enterica serovar give (s. give), a relatively rare serovar in germany, was detected. in order to identify a common exposure and to describe the characteristics of infections caused by s. give, an outbreak investigation was performed. | 2005 | 16088767 |
| case report: salmonella infection following total hip arthroplasty. | a case of a total hip arthroplasty infection with staphylococcus aureus, co-infected with salmonella choleraesuis was treated with two-stage exchange and administration of vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. no signs of re-infection have appeared fourteen months after surgery. cases of salmonella infection of hip prostheses are quite rare, with only a handful of reports in the literature. | 2005 | 16089070 |
| cellular immune response induced by salmonella enterica serotype typhi iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins at peripheral and mucosal levels. | the role of purified iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins (iromps) from salmonella enterica serotype typhi in modulation of specific t-cell responses was studied. the cellular immune response induced by iromps was measured by assessing the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response, lymphocyte proliferation, t-cell phenotyping and cytokine-producing cells using lymphocytes isolated from the spleen and peyer's patches of iromps-immunized, immunized-challenged, infected and control mice. iromp ... | 2005 | 16091431 |
| longitudinal monitoring of two commercial layer flocks and their environments for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and other salmonellae. | between august 20, 2001, and september 17, 2002, 1429 samples including drag swabs, egg belt or egg rollout swabs, fan-blade swabs, rodent organ and intestinal pools, beetle (alphitobius diaperinus) pools, housefly (musca domestica) pools, chicken organ and intestinal pools, and egg pools were obtained for salmonella culture from two flocks from two different commercial layer ranches. the two ranches were purposefully selected for the study based on their previous status of salmonella enteritidi ... | 2005 | 16094821 |
| conservation of the n-terminus of some phage tail proteins. | to study the interaction between lipopolysaccharide and protein, a comparative approach was employed using seven salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium typing phages as the protein model systems. this interaction has been studied in detail in the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage p22 system and involves only the viral tailspike protein. similarity between these phages and phage p22 was monitored in this report by assaying restriction endonuclease digestions, capsid size, reactivity ... | 2005 | 16096708 |
| efficacy of directed misting application of a peroxygen disinfectant for environmental decontamination of a veterinary hospital. | to evaluate effectiveness of 4% peroxymonosulfate disinfectant applied as a mist to surfaces in a large animal hospital as measured by recovery of staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | 2005 | 16117069 |
| molecular characterisation and mechanisms of resistance of multidrug-resistant human salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated in amiens (france). | antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates obtained during the study period were examined. the molecular epidemiology and the mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline were investigated. resistance to ampicillin increased from 59% between 1996 and 1999 to 62.5% in 2000 and to 66.6% in 2001. of 51 s. typhimurium isolates studied, 100% were resistant to ampicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration (mic)>256 mg/l) and sulphon ... | 2005 | 16122913 |
| enhancement of humoral and cellular immune responses by an oral salmonella choleraesuis vaccine expressing porcine prothymosin alpha. | previously, we showed that murine prothymosin alpha (prot) enhances the efficacy of a pseudorabies dna vaccine delivered by bacterial vectors. in this study, we cloned and sequenced the cdna for porcine prot. the deduced amino acid sequence of porcine prot exhibited high homology to prot from other mammals. oral salmonella choleraesuis vaccine carrying the prot eukaryotic expression plasmid protected mice against virulent s. choleraesuis challenge. the adjuvant effect of prot on humoral and cell ... | 2005 | 16125286 |
| correlation between ceftriaxone resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and expression of outer membrane proteins ompw and ail/ompx-like protein, which are regulated by baer of a two-component system. | mutant 7f2 of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has a transposon inserted in the regulator gene baer of a two-component system and showed a more-than-fourfold reduction in resistance to ceftriaxone. complementation analysis suggested an association among the outer membrane proteins ompw and stm3031, ceftriaxone resistance, and baer. | 2005 | 16127081 |
| salmonella enterica spvb-mediated adp-ribosylation as an activator for host cell actin degradation. | the virulence-associated spvb protein of salmonella enterica is a mono (adp-ribosyl)transferase defined to target mammalian actin. exposure of acanthamoeba rhysodes cell lysate with spvb and [32p]nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) was here observed to result in labeling of a protein of 43 kda that subsequently was identified as actin by immunoprecipitation. in parallel, adp-ribosylation promoted degradation of the protozoan actin. spvb-mediated actin degradation occurred in the presence of ... | 2005 | 16128395 |
| repression of spi2 transcription by nitric oxide-producing, ifngamma-activated macrophages promotes maturation of salmonella phagosomes. | by remodeling the phagosomal membrane, the type iii secretion system encoded within the salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (spi2) helps salmonella thrive within professional phagocytes. we report here that nitric oxide (no) generated by ifngamma-activated macrophages abrogates the intracellular survival advantage associated with a functional spi2 type iii secretion system. no congeners inhibit overall expression of spi2 effectors encoded both inside and outside the spi2 gene cluster, reflecting a ... | 2005 | 16129704 |
| [the occurrence and characterisation of oxy-imino-beta-lactams resistant strains among salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated in poland]. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are enzymes manifesting considerable hydrolyzing activity on a wide variety of beta-lactam antibiotics including oxyiminocephalosporins and aztreonam. in the study reported here we investigated the types of esbl produced by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from clinical samples in the microbiological laboratories of sanitary-epidemiological units in poland from 1999 to 2004. among 239 ampicillin-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. en ... | 2005 | 16134384 |
| regulation of traj transcription in the salmonella virulence plasmid by strand-specific dna adenine hemimethylation. | the traj gene of the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (pslt) encodes a transcriptional activator of the transfer operon. the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp) is an activator of traj transcription. the upstream-activating-sequence of the pslt traj promoter contains two lrp binding sites (lrp-1 and lrp-2), both necessary for transcriptional activation. the promoter-proximal site (lrp-2) contains a gatc site (gatc-ii) whose methylation state affects lrp bindin ... | 2005 | 16135235 |
| effects of antibiotic use in sows on resistance of e. coli and salmonella enterica typhimurium in their offspring. | to determine effects of exposure of parental animals to antibiotics on antibiotic resistance in bacteria of offspring, sows were either treated or not treated with oxytetracycline prior to farrowing and their pigs were challenged with salmonella enterica typhimurium and treated or not treated with oxytetracycline and apramycin. fecal escherichia coli were obtained from sows, and e. coli and salmonella were recovered from pigs. antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates were determined using a mi ... | 2005 | 16156702 |
| high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhi in india. | 2005 | 16157558 | |
| rapid differentiation among bacteria that cause gastroenteritis by use of low-resolution raman spectroscopy and pls discriminant analysis. | use of classical microbiological methods to differentiate bacteria that cause gastroenteritis is cumbersome but usually very efficient. the high cost of reagents and the time required for such identifications, approximately four days, could have serious consequences, however, mainly when the patients are children, the elderly, or adults with low resistance. the search for new methods enabling rapid and reagentless differentiation of these microorganisms is, therefore, extremely relevant. in this ... | 2005 | 16158301 |
| drug-lipid a interactions on the escherichia coli abc transporter msba. | msba is an essential atp-binding cassette half-transporter in the cytoplasmic membrane of the gram-negative escherichia coli and is required for the export of lipopolysaccharides (lps) to the outer membrane, most likely by transporting the lipid a core moiety. consistent with the homology of msba to the multidrug transporter lmra in the gram-positive lactococcus lactis, our recent work in e. coli suggested that msba might interact with multiple drugs. to enable a more detailed analysis of multid ... | 2005 | 16159769 |
| differences in gene content between salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates and comparison to closely related serovars gallinarum and dublin. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is often transmitted into the human food supply through eggs of hens that appear healthy. this pathogen became far more prevalent in poultry following eradication of the fowl pathogen s. enterica serovar gallinarum in the mid-20th century. to investigate whether changes in serovar enteritidis gene content contributed to this increased prevalence, and to evaluate genetic heterogeneity within the serovar, comparative genomic hybridization was performed on ei ... | 2005 | 16159788 |
| yersinia pestis is viable with endotoxin composed of only lipid a. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is the major outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria. the minimal lps structure for viability of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is lipid a glycosylated with 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) residues. here we show that another member of the enterobacteriaceae, yersinia pestis, can survive without kdo in its lps. | 2005 | 16159798 |
| analysis of differentially-regulated genes within a regulatory network by gps genome navigation. | a critical challenge of the post-genomic era is to understand how genes are differentially regulated even when they belong to a given network. because the fundamental mechanism controlling gene expression operates at the level of transcription initiation, computational techniques have been developed that identify cis regulatory features and map such features into expression patterns to classify genes into distinct networks. however, these methods are not focused on distinguishing between differe ... | 2005 | 16159917 |
| acid resistance variability among isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | acid resistance could be an indicator of virulence since acid resistant strains are able to better survive the human stomach passage and in macrophages. we studied the acid resistance of several salmonella typhimurium dt104 strains isolated from food and humans and identified cellular parameters contributing to the enhanced acid resistance of these isolates. | 2005 | 16162237 |
| epidemiological analysis of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovars hadar, brancaster and enteritidis from humans and broiler chickens in senegal using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antibiotic susceptibility. | salmonella hadar, salmonella brancaster and salmonella enteritidis are the main salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovars isolated from poultry in senegal. our objective was to analyse the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antibioresistance patterns of strains belonging to these serovars and to assess the significance of broiler-chicken meat as a source of human infection. | 2005 | 16162250 |
| qualitatively distinct patterns of cytokines are released by human dendritic cells in response to different pathogens. | dendritic cells produce cytokines that regulate the class of the adaptive immune response. microbial recognition is mediated, at least in part, by pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors, which influence dendritic cell maturation. in humans it is not yet clear how intact pathogens modulate the developing immune response. to address the effects of intact pathogens on the maturation and effector functions of human dendritic cells, we investigated their responses to a number of mi ... | 2005 | 16162273 |
| prevalence of salmonella enterica in bulk tank milk from us dairies as determined by polymerase chain reaction. | samples of bulk tank milk from dairies across the united states, taken as part of the national animal health monitoring system dairy 2002 survey, were analyzed for the presence of salmonella enterica using a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) kit. samples from 854 farms in 21 states were collected and enriched in tetrathionate broth to amplify any salmonellae present, and dna was isolated from the resulting biomass. one hundred one samples (11.8%) were shown to cont ... | 2005 | 16162520 |
| fecal prevalence and diversity of salmonella species in lactating dairy cattle in four states. | salmonella is one of the most serious foodborne pathogenic bacteria in the united states, causing an estimated 1.3 million human illnesses each year. dairy cows can be reservoirs of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, including salmonella spp.; it is estimated that from 27 to 31% of dairy herds across the united states are colonized by salmonella. the present study was designed to examine the occurrence of salmonella spp. on dairies and to examine the serotypic diversity of salmonella isolates on sam ... | 2005 | 16162534 |
| detection and quantification of citrobacter freundii and c. braakii by 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction. | a new 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system for the detection and quantification of citrobacter freundii and c. braakii was developed with primers and the probe oriented to a specific region of the cfa gene encoding a cyclopropane fatty acid synthase. the qualitative variant of the method consisted of a conventional pcr with end-point fluorimetry or agarose gel electrophoresis, and the quantitative variant used kinetic real-time pcr measurement. the pcr system was specific for c. fr ... | 2005 | 16163457 |
| csga is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium that is recognized by toll-like receptor 2. | knowledge about the origin and identity of the microbial products recognized by the innate immune system is important for understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. we investigated the potential role of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium fimbriae as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) that may stimulate innate pathways of inflammation. we screened a panel of 11 mutants, each carrying a deletion of a different fimbrial operon, for their enteropathogenicity using the ... | 2005 | 16164566 |
| probing the complex system of metabolic integration. | 2005 | 16164972 | |
| appearance of salmonella enterica isolates producing plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase, cmy-2, in south korea. | of 176 salmonella isolates isolated from 2000 to 2003 in a korean university hospital, 2 cefoxitin-resistant isolates of salmonella enterica serovar rissen were found in 2002. both isolates were resistant to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics, including ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. cell sonicates of the both clinical isolates and their transconjugants had beta-lactamase band of approximate isoelectric point of >8.6. the resistance to cefoxitin was tr ... | 2005 | 16165000 |
| phenotypic convergence mediated by ggdef-domain-containing proteins. | ggdef domain-containing proteins have been implicated in bacterial signal transduction and synthesis of the second messenger molecule cyclic-di-gmp. a number of ggdef proteins are involved in controlling the formation of extracellular matrices. adra (salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium) and hmst (yersinia pestis) contain ggdef domains and are required for extracellular cellulose production and biofilm formation, respectively. here we show that hmst is able to restore cellulose synthesis to a ... | 2005 | 16166544 |
| mutation at the "exit gate" of the salmonella gyrase a subunit suppresses a defect in the gyrase b subunit. | in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, an s431p substitution in the b subunit of gyrase (allele gyrb651) confers resistance to nalidixic acid and causes reduced dna superhelicity and hypersensitivity to novobiocin. selection for novobiocin resistance allowed isolation of a mutation in the gyra gene (allele gyra659), a t467s substitution, which partially suppresses the supercoiling defect of gyrb651. modeling analysis suggests that this mutation acts by destabilizing the gyra bottom dimer in ... | 2005 | 16166547 |
| molecular interactions between dendritic cells and salmonella: escape from adaptive immunity and implications on pathogenesis. | dendritic cells (dcs) constitute the link between innate and adaptive immunity by directly recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) on bacteria and by processing and presenting bacterial antigens to t cells. recognition of pamps renders dcs as professional antigen-presenting cells with the ability to prime naive t cells and to initiate the adaptive immune response against pathogen-derived antigens. for this reason, any interference with dc function might be advantageous for bac ... | 2005 | 16167888 |
| high-sensitivity, polymerase chain reaction-free detection of microorganisms and their functional genes using 70-mer oligonucleotide diagnostic microarray. | 2005 | 16169510 | |
| the salmonella enterica serovar typhi tsx gene, encoding a nucleoside-specific porin, is essential for prototrophic growth in the absence of nucleosides. | the salmonella enterica serovar typhi tsx gene encodes a porin that facilitates the import of nucleosides. when serovar typhi is grown under anaerobic conditions, tsx is among the outer membrane proteins whose expression increases dramatically. this increase in expression is due, at least in part, to increased transcription and is dependent on fnr but not on arca. a mutant derivative of serovar typhi strain sth2370 with a deletion of the tsx gene is an auxotroph that requires either adenosine or ... | 2005 | 16177292 |
| ssej deacylase activity by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium promotes virulence in mice. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium utilizes a type iii secretion system (ttss) encoded on salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (spi2) to promote intracellular replication during infection, but little is known about the molecular function of spi2-translocated effectors and how they contribute to this process. ssej is a spi2 ttss effector protein that is homologous to enzymes called glycerophospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferases and, following translocation, localizes to the salmonella-contain ... | 2005 | 16177296 |
| identification of new secreted effectors in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | a common theme in bacterial pathogenesis is the secretion of bacterial products that modify cellular functions to overcome host defenses. gram-negative bacterial pathogens use type iii secretion systems (ttsss) to inject effector proteins into host cells. the genes encoding the structural components of the type iii secretion apparatus are conserved among bacterial species and can be identified by sequence homology. in contrast, the sequences of secreted effector proteins are less conserved and a ... | 2005 | 16177297 |
| the chemokine ccl2 is required for control of murine gastric salmonella enterica infection. | salmonella enterica is a gram-negative intracellular pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. the typhimurium serotype causes gastroenteritis in humans; however, infection of mice results in an enteric fever that resembles human typhoid fever and has been used as a model for typhoid fever. the present study examined the role of the chemokine ccl2 in the control of salmonella infection. upon infection with salmonellae, mucosal expression of ccl2 ... | 2005 | 16177325 |
| expression of the rickettsia prowazekii pld or tlyc gene in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mediates phagosomal escape. | members of the genus rickettsia possess the ability to invade host cells and promptly escape from phagosomal vacuoles into the host cell cytosol, thereby avoiding destruction within the endosomal pathway. the mechanism underlying rickettsial phagosomal escape remains unknown, although the genomic sequences of several rickettsial species have allowed for the identification of four genes with potential membranolytic activities (tlya, tlyc, pat1, and pld). this study was undertaken to determine whi ... | 2005 | 16177343 |
| cellular mechanisms of the adjuvant activity of the flagellin component fljb of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to potentiate mucosal and systemic responses. | an expanding area of interest is the utilization of microbe-based components to augment mucosal and systemic immune responses to target antigens. thus, the aim of the present study was to assess if the flagellin component fljb from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium could act as a mucosal adjuvant and then to determine the cellular mechanism(s) by which fljb mediates its adjuvant properties. to determine if fljb could act as a mucosal adjuvant, mice were immunized by the intranasal (i.n.) r ... | 2005 | 16177354 |
| cloning vectors and fluorescent proteins can significantly inhibit salmonella enterica virulence in both epithelial cells and macrophages: implications for bacterial pathogenesis studies. | plasmid vectors and fluorescent protein reporter systems are commonly used in the study of bacterial pathogenesis. here we show that they can impair the ability of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to productively infect either cultured mammalian cells or mice. this has significant implications for studies that rely on these systems. | 2005 | 16177386 |
| foodborne general outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection, england and wales, 1992-2002: where are the risks? | foodborne outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) infection (n=497), reported to the health protection agency communicable disease surveillance centre between 1992 and 2002, were compared with other pathogens (n=1148) to determine factors (season, setting, food vehicles, food safety faults) associated with this pathogen. logistic regression was applied to control for potential confounding. foodborne general outbreaks of s. enteritidis pt4 infection were more likel ... | 2005 | 16181497 |
| molecular epidemiology of salmonella enterica serovar agona: characterization of a diffuse outbreak caused by aniseed-fennel-caraway infusion. | during 2002-2003 increased numbers of notified salmonellosis due to s. enterica serovar agona were observed in germany. in order to understand the recent spread of this serovar and to trace the route of infection to its source, a new phage-typing scheme and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) were used to analyse these isolates. by using 14 bacteriophages, 52 phage types were distinguished among the s. agona strains. pfge also differentiated 52 different patterns. a combination of both metho ... | 2005 | 16181503 |
| detection of mutations in salmonella enterica gyra, gyrb, parc and pare genes by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dhplc) using standard hplc instrumentation. | quinolone antibiotics are the agents of choice for treating systemic salmonella infections. resistance to quinolones is usually mediated by mutations in the dna gyrase gene gyra. here we report the evaluation of standard hplc equipment for the detection of mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms; snps) in gyra, gyrb, parc and pare by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dhplc). | 2005 | 16141278 |
| in vitro activities of 11 fluoroquinolones against 816 non-typhoidal strains of salmonella enterica isolated from finnish patients with special reference to reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility. | the number of salmonella strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones has increased during recent years in many countries, threatening the value of this antimicrobial group in the treatment of severe salmonella infections. | 2005 | 16143044 |