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a serologic study of organisms possibly associated with pertussis-like coughing.to assess the frequency of serologic evidence for an infection with microorganisms other than bordetella pertussis in children with pertussis-like coughs.19989686733
immune response of calves experimentally infected with non-cell-culture-passaged bovine respiratory syncytial virus.the immune response of calves was studied following infection with non-cell-passaged bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). two groups of 6 specific pathogen free (spf) calves were housed in separate isolation rooms. one group was inoculated intranasally with a non-cell-passaged brsv strain and the control group was mock-infected. a brsv specific antibody response was observed for all the brsv infected calves. these antibodies were shown to have neutralizing activity. no lymphocyte prolifera ...19989687869
enzyme-linked immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus is not predictive of bronchiolitis in sudden infant death syndrome.although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected infants may present with apnea, the role that rsv plays in sudden infant death syndrome (sids) is speculative. to determine whether rsv is associated with bronchiolitis in these patients, we examined histologic sections of lungs from 41 apparent sids cases and compared the results with those of enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay (eia) from nasal washings. bronchiolitis was defined by a bronchiolar inflammatory cell infiltrate plus epithelial ...19989688761
pasteurella haemolytica complicated respiratory infections in sheep and goats.respiratory infections which commonly occur in sheep and goats often result from adverse physical and physiological stress combined with viral and bacterial infections. inevitably, pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia occurs as a result of these interactions. in this review, we present recent advances in research on the complex etiology of pneumonia involving p. haemolytica. initially stress, induced by factors such as heat, overcrowding, exposure to inclement weather, poor ventilation, handling an ...19989689740
comparison of immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies and rt-pcr for the detection of human coronaviruses 229e and oc43 in cell culture.human coronaviruses, with two known serogroups named 229e and oc43, cause up to one third of common colds and may be associated with serious diseases such as nosocomial respiratory infections, enterocolitis, pericarditis and neurological disorders. reliable methods of detection in clinical samples are needed for a better understanding of their role in pathology. as a first step in the design of such diagnostic procedures, the sensitivities and specificities of two viral diagnostic assays were co ...19989694322
heparin-like structures on respiratory syncytial virus are involved in its infectivity in vitro.addition of heparin to the virus culture inhibited syncytial plaque formation due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). moreover, pretreatment of the virus with heparinase or an inhibitor of heparin, protamine, greatly reduced virus infectivity. two anti-heparan sulfate antibodies stained rsv-infected cells, but not noninfected cells, by immunofluorescence. one of the antibodies was capable of neutralizing rsv infection in vitro. these results prove that heparin-like structures identified on rsv ...19989696816
unusual antigenic and genetic characteristics of human respiratory syncytial viruses isolated in cuba.the g protein of 23 strains of human respiratory syncytial virus isolated in havana, cuba, between october 1994 and january 1995 was analyzed at the antigenic and genetic level. all viruses reacted with 10 of 11 antibodies specific for the long strain. moreover, the g protein gene of the cuban isolates had only five nucleotide differences from the sequence of the long gene. the homogeneity of the cuban isolates and their resemblance to an ancient strain, such as long, are at odds with previous f ...19989696858
interleukin-8 production by cystic fibrosis nasal epithelial cells after tumor necrosis factor-alpha and respiratory syncytial virus stimulation.high levels of neutrophils and the neutrophil-attracting chemokine interleukin (il)-8 have been observed in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). we hypothesized that cf respiratory epithelium produces excessive amounts of il-8 either at baseline or after stimulation. to test this hypothesis we compared immunoreactive il-8 release by primary nasal epithelial cell (nec) cultures established from young children with or without cf, at several time points after stimulation of cultures w ...19989698592
standardizing the care of bronchiolitis.to study the effect of an educational intervention on the management of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis.19989701131
risk of serious bacterial infections in infants with bronchiolitis. 19989701147
a single nucleotide substitution in the transcription start signal of the m2 gene of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate cpts248/404 is the major determinant of the temperature-sensitive and attenuation phenotypes.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cpts248/404 is a live-attenuated, temperature-sensitive (ts) vaccine candidate derived from cole-passaged cprsv by two rounds of chemical mutagenesis and biological selection. previous sequence analysis showed that these two steps introduced three single nucleotide substitutions into the cprsv parent. two of these occurred with the coding sequence for the l protein, and each resulted in a single amino acid substitution: gin-831-leu (248 mutation) and asp-1183-gl ...19989705916
protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection by dna immunization.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and the elderly and is a continuing challenge for vaccine development. a murine t helper cell (th) type 2 response associates with enhanced lung pathology, which has been observed in past infant trials using formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine. in this study, we have engineered an optimized plasmid dna vector expressing the rsv fusion (f) protein (dna-f). dna-f was as effective as live rsv in mice at induc ...19989705950
rd6-2198, a novel betain-type fluoroalkylated oligomer, inhibits the replications of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other enveloped viruses.we have examined a novel betain-type fluoroalkylated oligomer, rd6-2198, for its inhibitory effects on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and other enveloped viruses, including herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cell cultures. we have found that the compound is a potent and selective inhibitor of these viruses. rd6-2198 inhibited the replication of hiv-1iiib at a concentration of 0.85 microg/ml w ...19989707376
respiratory syncytial virus rna in cells from the peripheral blood during acute infection.it is not known whether respiratory syncytial virus spreads beyond the respiratory tract. with the use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we found viral and transcribed rna in cells from the arterial blood of four children with bronchiolitis but none in serum or cerebrospinal fluid. respiratory syncytial virus might therefore spread outside the respiratory tract.19989709720
bronchodilators and rsv-induced respiratory failure: agonizing about beta2 agonists. 19989710273
aerosolized albuterol improves airway reactivity in infants with acute respiratory failure from respiratory syncytial virus.the objective of this investigation was to measure the bronchodilator effect of aerosolized albuterol on infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced respiratory failure. infants who required intubation and mechanical ventilator support for rsv disease were eligible for this prospective, nonrandomized study. pulmonary function tests, including respiratory mechanics by least mean square analysis, small airway function by rapid thoraco-abdominal compression, and functional residual capac ...19989710275
immune responses of infants to infection with respiratory viruses and live attenuated respiratory virus candidate vaccines.respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the parainfluenza viruses (piv), and the influenza viruses cause severe lower respiratory tract diseases in infants and children throughout the world. experimental live attenuated vaccines for each of these viruses are being developed for intranasal administration in the first weeks or months of life. a variety of promising rsv, piv-3, and influenza virus vaccine strains have been developed by classical biological methods, evaluated ...19989711783
maternal immunization against viral disease.the protective effect of maternal antibody against many viral diseases has been recognized. the use of maternal immunization has been considered as a means to augment this protection in the young infant against disease. advantages of maternal immunization include the fact that young infants are most susceptible to infections but least responsive to vaccines, that pregnant women are accessible to medical care and respond well to vaccines, that igg antibodies cross the placenta well during the thi ...19989711788
critical factors affecting the diagnostic reliability of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay formats.this paper aims to evaluate different formats of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for detection of virus-specific antibodies and focuses on factors that may influence the diagnostic reliability of such tests. newly developed and well-established elisas for detection of infections of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), pseudorabies virus (prv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are used as examples. differ ...19989713894
respiratory virus infection and otitis media. 19989714651
the recombinant klebsiella pneumoniae outer membrane protein ompa has carrier properties for conjugated antigenic peptides.klebsiella pneumoniae ompa, the 40-kda major protein of the outer membrane, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant protein was produced intracellularly in e. coli as inclusion bodies. fusion of a short peptide to the n-terminus of native p40 facilitated high-level expression of the recombinant protein. purified recombinant p40 was analyzed to verify purity and structural integrity. the molecular mass of purified recombinant p40 determined by electrospray mass spectrometry ...19989716387
the immunostimulating complex (iscom) is an efficient mucosal delivery system for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) envelope antigens inducing high local and systemic antibody responses.iscom is an efficient mucosal delivery system for rsv envelope proteins as measured by antibody responses in respiratory tract secretions and in sera of mice following two intranasal (i.n.) administrations. intranasally administered rsv iscoms induced high levels of iga antibodies both in the upper respiratory tract and in the lungs. in the lungs, a prominent and long-lasting iga response was recorded, which still persisted 22 weeks after the second i.n. immunization when the experiment ended. s ...19989717973
[the evaluation by indirect immunofluorescence of the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus in acute respiratory disorders in infants]. 19989718753
antigenic and genomic diversity of central european respiratory syncytial virus strains.thirty-two rsv strains recovered during the winter months of 1987/88 to 1993/94 from hospitalized children in vienna, austria and zagreb, croatia were analysed for antigenic and genetic variations. twenty-nine of the 32 isolates investigated belonged to group a and 3 to group b, with the majority of infections caused by subgroup a1 (21 of 29). restriction endonuclease mapping of pcr products derived from parts of the n and g gene of 18 group a strains identified 3 distinct lineages, very similar ...19989722887
palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants.objective. to determine the safety and efficacy of prophylaxis with palivizumab in reducing the incidence of hospitalization because of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in high-risk infants. methods. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at 139 centers in the united states, the united kingdom, and canada. during the 1996 to 1997 rsv season, 1502 children with prematurity (</=35 weeks) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) were randomized to receive 5 injecti ...19989724660
subcellular site of expression and route of vaccination influence pulmonary eosinophilia following respiratory syncytial virus challenge in balb/c mice sensitized to the attachment g protein.the attachment glycoprotein (g) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is synthesized as two mature forms: a membrane-anchored form and a smaller secreted form. mutant cdnas were constructed that encoded one or the other form of the protein and were expressed in recombinant vaccinia viruses (rvv). mice were immunized with rvv by dermal scarification or i.p. injection to determine the contribution of the membrane-anchored and secreted forms of the g protein on the augmentation of pulmonary patholog ...19989725246
characterization of the interaction of the human respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein and nucleocapsid protein using the two-hybrid system.the interaction between the human respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein (p) and nucleocapsid (n) protein has been investigated using the two hybrid system in yeast and in tissue culture cells. deletion analysis identified two regions in the p protein involved in this interaction. the immediate carboxy-terminal 20 amino acids were essential for interaction with the n protein. point mutations in this region demonstrated that alteration of two conserved, phosphorylated, serine residues reduced ...19989725669
detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae in the airways of adults with chronic asthma.infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae has been shown to exacerbate asthma in humans. however, the role of m. pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma has not been defined. eighteen asthmatics with chronic, stable asthma and 11 nonasthmatic control subjects underwent evaluation of the upper and lower airways and serologic analysis to determine the presence of m. pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and seven respiratory viruses through culture, enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) and polymerase c ...19989731038
novel anti-respiratory syncytial(rs) viral compounds: benzodithiin derivatives.benzodithiin derivatives are highly potent and specific inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication in vitro. the most potent and selective congener of a benzodithiin derivative is 1,4-dihydro-2,3-benzodithiin(rd3-0028). according to the modified 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay developed in our laboratories, this compound has a 50% effective concentration of 4.5 microm and a 50% cytotoxic concentration of 271.0 microm, which is superior ...19989731237
health evaluation of free-ranging guanaco (lama guanicoe).twenty free-ranging guanaco (lama guanicoe) in chubut province, argentina, were immobilized for health evaluations. all but two animals appeared to be in good condition. hematology, serum chemistry, and vitamin and mineral levels were measured, and feces were evaluated for parasites. serology tests included bluetongue, brucellosis, bovine respiratory syncitial virus, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, equine herpesvirus 1, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, johne's disease (mycobacterium par ...19989732026
long-term viral serology of semi-free-living and captive ungulates.between 1973 and 1994, blood samples were collected at whipsnade wild animal park (uk) from three ungulate species kept in enclosures, including 28 european bison (bison bonasus), 37 scimitar-horned oryx (oryx dammah), and 49 père david's deer (elaphurus davidianus), and also from 144 semi-free-living chinese water deer (hydropotes inermis). these samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against three bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-like strains, three alpha-herpesvirus strains, enz ...19989732031
increased number of t cells committed to il-5 production after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of human mononuclear cells in vitro.we examined changes in the cytokine profile of t cells induced by in vitro infection with rsv. isolated mononuclear cells from 27 healthy adults and six infants were infected with rsv at a concentration of 3 moi (multiplicity of infection). after 48 h cells were restimulated with phorbol ester and ionomycin in the presence of monensin for 5 h. the intracellular expression of viral antigen, the cytokines il-2, il-4, il-5, interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), and the expression of surface markers were as ...19989737676
multiplex pcr for typing and subtyping influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses.a multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-pcr method that has been developed is capable of detecting and subtyping influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses as well as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) types a and b in respiratory clinical samples taken as part of a national community-based surveillance program of influenza-like illness in england and wales. the detection of each different pathogen depended on distinguishing five amplification products of different sizes on agarose gels following r ...19989738055
palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. the impact-rsv study group.to determine the safety and efficacy of prophylaxis with palivizumab in reducing the incidence of hospitalization because of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in high-risk infants.19989738173
humanized monoclonal antibody for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 19989738192
polymerase chain reaction-based detection of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus in otitis media with effusion.to study the association of human rhinovirus (hrv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and human coronavirus infections in children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (ome). to determine how long hrv rna can be detected after hrv infection.19989738723
a 7-week-old boy with respiratory congestion. 19989738735
monoclonal antibody approved for rsv disease prevention. 19989740895
do microbes with peptides mimicking myelin cause multiple sclerosis if the t cell response to their unique peptides is limited?this hypothesis for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is based upon assumptions about the response of the t cell repertoire to pathogens. immunologic and epidemiologic observations of several conditions suggest that activation of t cells formed in early life mediate injury to the central nervous system. early in life, selection of lymphocytes by the thymus produces a weakly autoreactive t cell repertoire which, with the help of transient maternally-derived defenses, recognizes pathogens. th ...19989745761
enhanced neutralization of human respiratory syncytial virus by mixtures of monoclonal antibodies to the attachment (g) glycoprotein.neutralization of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) by monoclonal antibodies specific for the g protein was evaluated in a microneutralization test. only certain antibodies showed some degree of neutralization, reflected in a reduction of virus titre (10-20 times maximum), compared with negative controls. in contrast, a pool of antibodies that recognized conserved, group-specific and strain-specific epitopes showed a significant increase in virus neutralization (up to 500-1000 times). by ...19989747731
circulation patterns of genetically distinct group a and b strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in a community.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is classified into two major groups, a and b, each of which contains multiple variants. to characterize the molecular epidemiology of hrsv strains over time, sequencing studies of a variable region of the attachment protein gene from a single community in the united states during 5 successive years were performed. phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clades (genotypes) that were further classified in subtypes based on > or = 96% nucleotide similarity. ...19989747732
sequence analysis of a functional polymerase (l) gene of bovine respiratory syncytial virus: determination of minimal trans-acting requirements for rna replication.the complete nucleotide sequence of a functional clone of the large polymerase (l) gene of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strain a51908 was determined by analysis of cloned cdnas obtained from genomic and mrnas. the brsv l gene is 6573 nt in length and the derived polypeptide has 2162 aa. alignment of the sequences of the brsv l gene, and its encoded protein, with sequences of the l gene and protein of human respiratory syncytial virus strain a2 showed 77% identity at the nucleotide l ...19989747733
seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics.to evaluate the seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in a tropical environment, a retrospective survey of laboratory virus isolation, serology and immunofluorescence microscopy in two large general hospitals in singapore between september 1990 and september 1994 was carried out. respiratory tract viral outbreaks, particularly among infants who required hospitalization, were found to be associated mainly with respiratory syncytial (rsv) infections (72%), influenza (11%) and parai ...19989747763
[etiology and diagnostic of viral bronchopneumonias].community viral bronchopneumonias are frequent, mainly in children, and can be associated to all respiratory viruses: influenza- and parainfluenzavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus. the diagnostic method which proves viral infection of the respiratory tissues is selected as the direct detection by an immunofluorescence assay of viral infected cells in respiratory samples. in them, viral isolation or nucleic acid detection by pcr provide an amplification of the viruses. by ...19989754220
the effect of fluticasone propionate on respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine release by a human bronchial epithelial cell line.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of bronchiolitis in infants, is an important trigger of asthma exacerbation, and stimulates chemokine production by human respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. we tested the effect of the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate (fp) on rsv-stimulated production of the chemokines interleukin 8 (il-8) and rantes (regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted) by a human bronchial epithelial cell line, beas-2b. confluent beas- ...19989754905
asthma and respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy: is there a link? 19989756195
[syncytial respiratory virus infections and ribavirin]. 19989759283
influence of concurrent bvdv infection on the igm response of calves experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. 19989762762
neutrophils induce damage to respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus.the mechanisms by which respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induces bronchiolitis and airway disease are unclear. the presence of large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) in the airways of infants with rsv infection suggests a potential role of pmn in airway injury associated with rsv infection. to investigate the potential role of neutrophils in rsv bronchiolitis, human alveolar type ii cells (a549 cells) were infected with different doses of rsv for 6-48 h. a 51cr-releasing ...19989762789
surveillance of influenza in wales: interpreting sentinel general practice rates using contemporaneous laboratory data. opportunities and limitations.to evaluate the opportunities and limitations of using laboratory data to enhance sentinel general practice surveillance of influenza.19989764268
the apoptosis of neutrophils is accelerated in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis.neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cell in the lung tissues and airways in rsv infection, and can augment the epithelial cell damage induced by rsv. neutrophil apoptosis has been suggested to be a mechanism to reduce the potential for tissue injury. the apoptosis of neutrophils from nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) (n = 19) and peripheral blood (pb) of infants with rsv bronchiolitis (n = 11) and pb from healthy controls (n = 9) was investigated. monoclonal antibody against cd95 (fas) and ...19989764602
cytotoxic t-lymphocyte precursor frequencies in balb/c mice after acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection or immunization with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine.a better understanding of the immune response to live and formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is important for developing nonlive vaccines. in this study, major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i- and ii-restricted, rsv-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte precursor (ctlp) frequencies were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples and spleen lymphocytes of balb/c mice intranasally infected with live rsv or intramuscularly inoculated with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi- ...19989765442
clinical care for patients receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the home setting.to undertake a pilot study of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) in the patient's home to improve satisfaction of care, reduce financial costs, and relieve pressure on inpatient accommodation.19989766296
asthma and natural colds. inflammatory indices in induced sputum: a feasibility study.we examined the feasibility of using induced sputum to evaluate the airway inflammatory response to natural acute respiratory virus infections. we recruited eight asthmatics and nine healthy subjects on day 4 of a cold. viral infection was confirmed in six of the asthmatics (influenza a or b) and six of the healthy subjects (influenza a, rhinovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus). in the subjects with confirmed virus infection, five of the asthmatics had an objective e ...19989769279
ventricular arrhythmia associated with respiratory syncytial viral infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory infections in infants. cardiac arrhythmias are an uncommon complication in infants with rsv bronchiolitis. presumably, the arrhythmias may be secondary to rsv pericarditis, myocarditis, or some other infection of the heart. we report on a patient with rsv bronchiolitis who had clinical myocarditis complicated by ventricular tachycardia.19989770583
direct detection of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus in clinical respiratory specimens by a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay.diagnosis of respiratory virus infections currently involves detection by isolation or antigen detection, which usually identifies only a single suspected agent. to permit identification of more than one respiratory virus in clinical specimens, a rapid detection method involving a single-step, multiplex reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay was developed. the assay included five primer sets that amplified the rna of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes a and b, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, ...19989774555
respiratory syncytial virus infection in older persons.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an increasingly recognized cause of serious disease in older adults. rsv causes excess morbidity and mortality in older persons residing in nursing homes and in the community. the study of rsv in adults has been hampered by the lack of sensitive methods for the diagnosis of acute infections. such tools are needed to better understand the epidemiology and immunology of rsv in adults. the immune status of older adults has begun to be explored and preliminary da ...19989778756
recent approaches to the management and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 19989779348
safety and pharmacokinetics of an intramuscular humanized monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. the medi-493 study group.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and children. medi-493 (palivizumab, synagis) is a humanized monoclonal igg1 antibody to the fusion protein of rsv, and it is highly active in vitro against rsv a and b strains.19989779762
measles vaccine failure and infections. 19989779782
pathogenesis of pneumovirus infections in mice: detection of pneumonia virus of mice and human respiratory syncytial virus mrna in lungs of infected mice by in situ hybridization.the pathogenesis of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in balb/c mice were investigated by using in situ hybridization to detect virus mrna in fixed lung sections. following intranasal inoculation with 120 p.f.u. pvm the pattern of hybridization showed that virus mrna was initially detected within 2 days in alveolar cells. as the infection progressed the number of hybridizing alveolar cells increased and signal was also detected in cells lining the termina ...19989780046
helium-oxygen improves clinical asthma scores in children with acute bronchiolitis.to determine the efficacy of a helium-oxygen mixture in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis.19989781732
parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants undergoing bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency.respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infection carry a poor prognosis in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid), particularly if the viral load is high. patients with high viral load develop severe pneumonitis at engraftment which may possibly be modulated by immunotherapy, including high dose nebulised corticosteroids. further work is required to develop effective treatment for this severe condition.19989782636
[respiratory syncytial virus infection in childhood].respiratory syncytial virus is the most frequent cause of respiratory tract infections in infants and is responsible for annual winter epidemics of acute bronchiolitis. over the last decades medical therapy has remained unchanged and controversial, despite intensive research. inhaled bronchodilators are often not effective and should be discontinued if no beneficial response can be documented. steroids and ribavirin are not indicated in previously healthy infants with acute rsv bronchiolitis. th ...19989783360
[anti-rs viral ige in respiratory syncytial viral infection in adult patients with a complicated course of bronchitis].in adult patients with different variants of the complicated course of bronchitis (prolonged, relapsing, chronic) respiratory syncytial (rs) virus infections were shown to occur very frequently (37-72%, depending on the form on bronchitis). in 220 cases of rs infection the content of anti-rs-virus ige in the blood was analyzed. the reaction of specific ige was more pronounced in rs infection observed in patients with acute of bronchitis, than in those with chronic forms. the occurrence of rs-vir ...19989783403
new iridoids from the medicinal plant barleria prionitis with potent activity against respiratory syncytial virus.two new iridoid glycosides (1 and 2), together with the known compounds barlerin (3) and verbascoside (4), were isolated from barleria prionitis. the new iridoid glycosides were determined to be 6-o-trans-p-coumaroyl-8-o-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester (1) and its cis isomer (2) by using spectroscopic, especially 2d nmr, data. a 3:1 mixture of 1 and 2 was shown to have potent in vitro activity against respiratory syncytial virus (ec50 2.46 microgram/ml, ic50 42.2 microgram/ml).19989784173
development of human antibodies against linear antigenic and immunogenic regions of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nucleocapsid and phospho-proteins shows the site-directed characteristics.the successful development of an rsv vaccine requires a better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary infection, susceptibility to reinfection, and the immunopathology of enhanced illness in children immunized with a non-replicating rsv candidate vaccine. the exact role of different immune parameters in rsv pathogenesis remains controversial.19989785215
evaluation of an igm-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection: influence of igm rheumatoid factor on test results with field sera.a commercially available indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv)-specific igg was adapted to measure virus-specific igm. using this assay, the development of rapid igm responses in experimentally infected calves was observed 7-9 days postinfection, with peak absorbance values ranging from 1.698 to 2.873. when absorbance values were expressed as a percentage of a positive reference serum, a positive/negative threshold of 22% was determine ...19989786520
an experimental study of a concurrent primary infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in calves.experimental infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were performed to study the effect of concurrent brsv and bvdv infections. twelve seronegative calves, in 3 groups, were inoculated on a single occasion with pure brsv (group a), brsv and noncytopathogenic bvdv (group b) or mock infected (group c). mild respiratory symptoms were recorded 4 to 5 days post inoculation (dpi) in group a and group b calves. one calf in group a was severely a ...19989787488
respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants and children with congenital heart disease. the cardiac study group.to examine the effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin administered intravenously (rsv-igiv) in reducing hospitalization for treatment of rsv in children with congenital heart disease (chd).19989787686
respiratory syncytial virus induces the expression of 5-lipoxygenase and endothelin-1 in bronchial epithelial cells.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes and exacerbates asthma, yet the mechanism by which rsv triggers asthma is poorly understood. herein, an in vitro model of rsv infection was established using hep-2 and beas-2b bronchial epithelial cell lines, and the expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-lo), and endothelin-1 (et-1) was examined. rsv infection increased the expression of 5-lo mrna and protein in both cell lines, as detected by rt-pcr and western blot analysis, respectively. the levels ...19989790973
genetic analysis of the g and p genes in ungulate respiratory syncytial viruses by rnase a mismatch cleavage method.the g and p genes of bovine, ovine and caprine respiratory syncytial (rs) viruses were analyzed by rnase a one-dimensional fingerprinting, using a 51908 as the reference strain. antisense g or p rna probes of bovine rs virus strain a 51908 were hybridized to total rna extracted from bovine turbinate cells infected with bovine, ovine or caprine rs virus strains. the rna:rna heteroduplexes were digested with rnase a and the resistant products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. comparative analy ...19989791866
serological and genetic characterisation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) indicates that danish isolates belong to the intermediate subgroup: no evidence of a selective effect on the variability of g protein nucleotide sequence by prior cell culture adaption and passages in cell culture or calves.danish isolates of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were characterised by nucleotide sequencing of the g glycoprotein and by their reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). among the six danish isolates, the overall sequence divergence ranged between 0 and 3% at the nucleotide level and between 0 and 5% at the amino acid level. sequence divergences of 7-8%, 8-9% and 2-3% (nucleotide) and 9-11%, 12-16% and 4-6% (amino acid) were obtained in the comparison made between the ...19989791873
overnight titration of human respiratory syncytial virus using quantitative shell vial amplification. 19989793646
prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections: indications for the use of palivizumab and update on the use of rsv-igiv. american academy of pediatrics committee on infectious diseases and committee of fetus and newborn.the food and drug administration recently approved the use of palivizumab (pal-vizh-mäb), an intramuscularly administered monoclonal antibody preparation. recommendations for its use are based on a large, randomized study demonstrating a 55% reduction in the risk of hospitalization attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in high-risk pediatric patients. infants and children with chronic lung disease (cld), formerly designated bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as well as prematurel ...19989794957
respiratory viral infections in the elderly in a nursing home.the purpose of this study was to investigate what viruses infiltrate into our nursing home, assess the related clinical symptoms in elderly subjects, and compare the incidence of infections with those in the general community. between july 1994 and june 1995, 40 elderly persons dwelling in the nursing home were evaluated by clinical observation, serologic analysis, and viral culture of samples to determine the presence of viruses. enteroviruses and herpes simplex i virus could be isolated from a ...19989796185
discrepancy between results of a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit and immunofluorescence staining for detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen. 19989796664
protective cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses against paramyxoviruses induced by epitope-based dna vaccines: involvement of ifn-gamma.plasmid dna vectors have been constructed with minigenes encoding a single cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitope from either the m2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or from the nucleoprotein of measles virus (mv) with or without a signal sequence (also called secretory or leader sequence). following intradermal immunization, plasmids in which the ctl epitopes were expressed in-frame with the signal sequence were more effective at inducing peptide- and virus-specific ctl responses than ...19989796910
role of mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute respiratory-tract infections in saudi paediatric patients.the role of mycoplasma pneumoniae and viruses in the various clinical presentations of acute respiratory-tract infection (arti) was studied in saudi children seen at king khalid university hospital (kkuh) between january 1995 and january 1996. the study population comprised 511 children (age < 14 years) of both sexes. nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) and acute-phase sera were collected. convalescent sera were only available from 334 of the patients (with an interval of 15-42 days between collectio ...19989797833
a comparison of diagnostic methods for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimental clinical specimens.virus shedding was monitored in nasal secretions of 12 calves experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) using an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) detecting the nucleoprotein (np) antigen of brsv, by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplifying the fusion protein of brsv, and by a microisolation assay combined with immunoperoxidase staining for the f protein of brsv. under the conditions of this study, similar limits of detection and quantitat ...19989798088
[beta-lactamase producers and other bacteria: which ones to take into consideration and when? the viewpoint of the pediatrician]. 19989798479
a comparison of il-2 levels in nasopharyngeal and endotracheal aspirates of babies with respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis.cytokines such as il-2 are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract inflammation. cytokine levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) have been used as a measure of respiratory inflammation in children with viral infections, but it is unclear whether they reflect levels in the lower respiratory tract.19989802370
respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. 19989802636
bradyarrhythmia and supraventricular tachycardia in a neonate with rsv.respiratory syncytial virus infection is the most common cause of hospital admissions in children under 1 year of age. various cardiac dysrrhythmias have been reported to be associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. we report a case where both tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia occurred within the same illness. paediatricians need to be aware of this association.19989588650
respiratory syncytial virus-infected pulmonary epithelial cells induce eosinophil degranulation by a cd18-mediated mechanism.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis in infants is characterized by wheezing, respiratory distress, and the histologic findings of necrosis and sloughing of airway epithelium. high concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ecp), a cytotoxic protein contained in the granules of eosinophils, have been found in the airways of rsv-infected infants. the mechanisms of eosinophil degranulation in vivo remain largely unknown. since rsv-infected respiratory epithelial cells are a ...19989590236
respiratory syncytial virus-immunoglobulin intravenous (rsv-igiv) for respiratory syncytial viral infections: part ii. 19989592442
activator protein-1 is the preferred transcription factor for cooperative interaction with nuclear factor-kappab in respiratory syncytial virus-induced interleukin-8 gene expression in airway epithelium.the role of "oxidant-sensitive" transcription factors activator protein (ap)-1, nuclear factor (nf)-kappab, and nf-il6 in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced interleukin (il)-8 gene expression in a549 epithelial cells was evaluated. rsv infection resulted in increased binding of each of these transcription factors. transfection of a549 cells with plasmids containing serial truncations of the 5'-flanking region of the il-8 gene revealed a positive cooperative effect of the binding sites for ...19989593012
high prevalence of "simkania z," a novel chlamydia-like bacterium, in infants with acute bronchiolitis.the newly described microorganism "simkania z" ("z"), an obligate intracellular, penicillin-resistant microorganism most closely related to the chlamydiae, has been associated with adult community-acquired pneumonia. the possible involvement of "z" in bronchiolitis in infants was examined in a prospective study of 239 infants with bronchiolitis and 78 controls. other potential etiologic agents sought were respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, and cytomegalovirus. evidence for the presen ...19989593040
continuous non-seasonal epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the southeast united states.this study was done to define the seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemics in the southeastern united states.19989598849
antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant markhamia lutea.three new phenylpropanoid glycosides, named luteoside a (3), luteoside b (4), and luteoside c (5), were isolated together with the known compounds verbascoside (1) and isoverbascoside (2) from the roots of the medicinal plant markhamia lutea. the structures of the new compounds were determined to be 1-o-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl beta-d-apiofuranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3)-4-o- caffeo yl-6-acetyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside, 1-o-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl beta-d-apiofuranosyl(1-->2)-a ...19989599250
rsv-ig (respigam). 19989601353
human respiratory syncytial virus produces prolonged alterations of neural control in airways of developing ferrets.a dysfunction of pathways that normally cause contraction or relaxation of airways has been proposed to explain heightened levels of responsiveness produced by various insults to the airway. for example, we previously reported (4) that infection of cotton rats with the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) leads to a significant decrease in an airway's nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory (nanci) response shortly after the infection. in the present study we addressed the more chronic effec ...19989603130
respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants hospitalized with respiratory illness in northern jordan.during the winter seasons of 1993 and 1994, a total of 256 nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) from infants aged less than 1 year old admitted to the pediatric ward of princess rahma hospital, northern jordan, with bronchiolitis and/or pneumonia, were tested for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) and cell culture (cc). of the 256 specimens, 129 (50 per cent) were found positive by both dfa and cc, whereas 24 specimens (9 per cent) and 16 spec ...19989604597
viral aetiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized saudi children.a total of 1429 saudi children of either sex and under 5 years of age who were admitted to king khalid university hospital, riyadh during a three year period (april 1993-march 1996) with complaints suggestive of acute respiratory tract infections (arti) were investigated for viral aetiology of the infection. viruses could be detected in 522 (37 per cent) cases with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) the most commonly detected (79 per cent) followed by parainfluenza type 3 (8 per cent). detection ...19989604599
comparison of dna application methods to reduce brsv shedding in cattle.we compared the protection afforded by three different dna application methods against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection in cattle. a synthetic gene that codes for the g protein of brsv was inserted into a eukaryotic vector and was used in the vaccine. intradermal (i.d.) application with a needleless injector (ni), the pigjet, reduced brsv excretion significantly better after brsv challenge than intramuscular (i.m.) or i.d. vaccination with a needle. serum antibodies against th ...19989607020
recombinant human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin/rnase 2 functions as an effective antiviral agent against respiratory syncytial virus.a dose-dependent decrease in infectivity was observed on introduction of eosinophils into suspensions of respiratory syncytial virus group b (rsv-b). this antiviral effect was reversed by ribonuclease inhibitor, suggesting a role for the eosinophil secretory ribonucleases. recombinant eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (rhedn), the major eosinophil ribonuclease, promoted a dose-dependent decrease in rsv-b infectivity, with a 40-fold reduction observed in response to 50 nm rhedn. ribonucleolytically i ...19989607820
eliminating a region of respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein allows induction of protective immunity without vaccine-enhanced lung eosinophilia.in a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus disease, prior sensitization to the attachment glycoprotein (g) leads to pulmonary eosinophilia and enhanced illness. three different approaches were taken to dissect the region of g responsible for enhanced disease and protection against challenge. first, mutant viruses, containing frameshifts that altered the cooh terminus of the g protein, were used to challenge mice sensitized by scarification with recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) expressing w ...19989607931
[central nervous system lesions in fetuses and newborns in intrauterine infection caused by respiratory viruses].congenital respiratory viral infection is followed in the cns of fetuses and newborns by grave dyscirculatory disturbances with glia proliferation and nervous tissue edema. the process is mainly localized in the periventricular regions of the brain ventricles. neurologic and morphologic consequences of these damages in the cns of fetuses and newborns need further studies.19989612506
cl387626 exhibits marked and unusual antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus in tissue culture and in cotton rats.cl387626 (4,4'-bis[4,6-di[3-aminophenyl-n,n-bis(2-carbamoylethyl)-sulfon ilimino]-1,3,5-triazine-2-ylamino-bi-phenyl-2,2'-disulfonic acid, disodium salt), a compound synthesized by wyeth-ayerst research laboratories, was tested for its cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in tissue culture and in cotton rats. the median cell inhibitory (ic50) and median efficacious (ec50) concentrations of cl387626 against rsv in proliferating hep2 or vero tissue culture ...19989614002
the effect of il-12 treatment on vaccine-enhanced illness during infection with respiratory syncytial virus.in humans and mice, sensitisation to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigens can result in severe inflammatory lung disease during subsequent infection with the virus. although specific antiviral t cells are thought to be responsible for this augmentation of disease, the precise role of different functional subsets is unknown. balb/c mice sensitised to the major surface glycoprotein (g) of rsv expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus develop th2-driven lung eosinophilia after intranasal challe ...19989554273
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