Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection: a prospective study in hospitalized infants younger than 2 years. | we analyzed the influence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on the clinical course and management of infants hospitalized due to viral upper and lower respiratory tract infections (u/lrti). | 2002 | 12236559 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-coded pediatric hospitalizations, 1997 to 1999. | the recent number and rate of infant hospitalizations with a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-coded diagnosis have not been published. | 2002 | 12237593 |
| current concepts on active immunization against respiratory syncytial virus for infants and young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important causative agent of viral respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. passive immunization against rsv became available recently, but this does not apply to an effective vaccine as a result of dramatic adverse results of immunization with a rsv candidate vaccine in the 1960s and the lack of full knowledge of the immune response induced by rsv. nonetheless intensive research during the past two decades has resulted in several ... | 2002 | 12237605 |
| development of multiple cloning site cis-vectors for recombinant adeno-associated virus production. | recombinant adeno-associated virus (raav) has become a very popular gene therapy vector in the past several years. a cis-plasmid is used to generate the raav stocks. in this plasmid, the entire expression cassette is incorporated between two aav inverted terminal repeats. the construction of cis-plasmid has been problematic because of the high-frequency recombination of the viral inverted terminal repeats. here we describe the design and construction of several multiple cloning site cis-plasmids ... | 2002 | 12238777 |
| gamma interferon-dependent protection of the mouse upper respiratory tract following parenteral immunization with a respiratory syncytial virus g protein fragment. | the protective mechanisms induced in the mouse upper respiratory tract (urt) after intraperitoneal immunization with g2na, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein fragment (amino acid residues 130 to 230), were investigated. this protection was recently shown to be mediated by cd4(+) t cells and to be critically dependent on the cysteines and amino acids 193 and 194 (h. plotnicky-gilquin, a. robert, l. chevalet, j.-f. haeuw, a. beck, j.-y. bonnefoy, c. brandt, c.-a. siegrist, t ... | 2002 | 12239295 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection among puerto rican infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory illness in children. prevention of this infection is available with the use of intravenous immunoglobulin or an intramuscular humanized monoclonal antibody (palivizumab). palivizumab has been available in puerto rico since 1999. the objective of this study was to follow-up infants who received rsv prophylaxis with palivizumab in puerto rico to assess its efficacy and safety. a total of 230 infants who received rsv prophy ... | 2002 | 12243108 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia complicating fludarabine and cyclophosphamide treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | the potential for life-threatening pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is recognised among patients with acute leukaemia and recipients of allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation. rsv pneumonia has a high mortality rate in these settings. less intensively treated patients are not usually considered to be at risk for serious rsv pneumonia. we describe the case of a 62-yr-old patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll) treated with fludarabine and cycloph ... | 2002 | 12270063 |
| expression of beta-galactosidase by recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses for microneutralization assay. | the beta-galactosidase gene (lacz) was inserted into a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a2 strain of subgroup a rsv (designated as a-lacz) and a chimeric rsv that had the g and f surface glycoproteins of a2 replaced by those of the subgroup b rsv 9320 strain (designated as b-lacz). both recombinant rsvs, a-lacz and b-lacz, grew well in tissue culture and expressed high levels of beta-galactosidase. using these two beta-galactosidase-expressing recombinant rsvs, a novel microneutrali ... | 2002 | 12270661 |
| influenza virosomes are an efficient delivery system for respiratory syncytial virus-f antigen inducing humoral and cell-mediated immunity. | in the present study we investigated the efficacy of a new potential vaccine constituted of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-f protein associated with influenza virosomes (rsv-f/iriv) in combination with the mucosal adjuvant escheriagen (escherichia coli heat-labile toxin), administered intranasally (i.n.) to balb/c mice. after an intramuscular "priming" with influenza virus vaccine, group a of mice was i.n. immunized with of rsv-f/iriv+heat-labile toxin (hlt), groups b and c were inoculate ... | 2002 | 12297388 |
| age-dependent replication of respiratory syncytial virus in the cotton rat. | despite the documented disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the elderly, little is known about the underlying risk factors or pathogenesis of rsv in a geriatric population. this report describes an age-dependent change of rsv clearance in the lung and nose of the cotton rat. six days postinfection with rsv, lung and nose viral titers were significantly higher in all older age groups as compared with 4- to 6-week old cotton rats (p < 0.05). when comparing the 4- to 6-week old an ... | 2002 | 12324660 |
| sorting of the respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein into detergent-resistant structures is dependent on cell-surface expression of the glycoproteins. | the interaction of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) matrix (m) protein with the plasma membrane was investigated using polyclonal and monoclonal antisera raised against recombinant m expressed in bacteria. m bound mainly to the plasma membrane, although a significant proportion bound to internal membranes. however, no localisation of m with the golgi was observed, suggesting that transport of m to the plasma membrane was independent of the transport mechanism for the viral glycoproteins. ex ... | 2002 | 12350355 |
| neutrophil survival is prolonged in the airways of healthy infants and infants with rsv bronchiolitis. | large numbers of neutrophils in the airway of infants infected by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are recruited by chemokines, such as interleukin-8, and specific inflammatory molecules can delay apoptosis increasing their longevity. the aim of this study was to investigate whether airway secretions in rsv bronchiolitis contain factors that influence neutrophil apoptosis. nasal lavage fluid (nlf) was obtained from 24 infants with rsv bronchiolitis (31 infant controls and 12 adults). neutrophil ... | 2002 | 12358343 |
| the value of polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in lung transplant recipients. | respiratory viruses cause severe infections in lung transplant recipients, which require rapid and accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. | 2002 | 12367651 |
| the major phosphorylation sites of the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein are dispensable for virus replication in vitro. | the phosphoprotein (p protein) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a key component of the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase complex. the protein is constitutively phosphorylated at the two clusters of serine residues (116, 117, and 119 [116/117/119] and 232 and 237 [232/237]). to examine the role of phosphorylation of the rsv p protein in virus replication, these five serine residues were altered to eliminate their phosphorylation potential, and the mutant proteins were analyzed for their f ... | 2002 | 12368320 |
| highlights in the development of new antiviral agents. | the potential of a large variety of new compounds and new strategies for the treatment of virtually all major virus infections has been addressed. this includes, for the treatment of hiv infections, virus adsorption inhibitors (cosalane derivatives, cyanovirin-n), co-receptor antagonists (tak-779, amd3100), viral fusion inhibitors (pentafuside t-20, betulinic acid derivatives), viral uncoating inhibitors (azodicarbonamide), nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrtis: emtricita ... | 2002 | 12370077 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in early life is associated with increased type 2 cytokine production in gambian children. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in early childhood has been associated with subsequent wheezing and atopy. the aim of this study was to test if severe rsv infection in early life was associated with an increase in type 2 cytokine production and atopy in gambian children 5 years later. | 2002 | 12372121 |
| development and use of palivizumab (synagis): a passive immunoprophylactic agent for rsv. | palivizumab (synagis; abbott laboratories), a humanized, monoclonal antibody, prevents lower respiratory tract infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv causes significant morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide and is particularly severe in pre-term infants, children with cardiopulmonary disease, and the immunosuppressed population. the first such genetically engineered agent to be used effectively against a human infectious disease, palivizumab significantly reduces the n ... | 2002 | 12373481 |
| a cohort of children hospitalised with acute rsv bronchiolitis: impact on later respiratory disease. | this paper reviews the results from a cohort study in which 47 children hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and their 93 controls, matched for age, sex and place of living, were prospectively followed-up at the mean ages of 1, 3 and 7.5. asthma was significantly more common in the rsv bronchiolitis group at all times. asthma during the year prior to follow-up at age 7.5 was seen in 23% of the rsv children and in 2% of the controls (p < 0.001). allergic sensitisation ... | 2002 | 12376053 |
| characterization of the ldl-a module mutants of tva, the subgroup a rous sarcoma virus receptor, and the implications in protein folding. | tva is the cellular receptor for subgroup a rous sarcoma virus (rsv-a), and the viral receptor function is solely determined by a 40-residue motif called the ldl-a module of tva. in this report, an integral approach of molecular, biochemical, and biophysical techniques was used to examine the role of a well-conserved tryptophan of the ldl-a module of tva in protein folding and ligand binding. we show that substitution of tryptophan by glycine adversely affected the correct folding of the ldl-a m ... | 2002 | 12381843 |
| palivizumab in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. premature infants and infants with underlying lung disease are at increased risk for severe rsv infection in the first 1 - 2 years of life. monthly prophylaxis with palivizumab (synagis) during rsv season has been proven safe and effective in this population and these effects have persisted over the 4 years since the drug was approved by the us fda in 1998. issues ... | 2002 | 12387675 |
| immunization of macaques with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces interleukin-13-associated hypersensitivity to subsequent rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. rsv vaccine development has been hampered by results of clinical trials in the 1960s, when formalin-inactivated whole-rsv preparations adjuvated with alum (fi-rsv) were found to predispose infants for enhanced disease following subsequent natural rsv infection. we have reproduced this apparently immunopathological phenomenon in infant cynomolgus macaques and identified immunological and p ... | 2002 | 12388717 |
| first-time wheezing in infants during respiratory syncytial virus season: chest radiograph findings. | to evaluate the prevalence of pathologic chest radiographs in infants presenting with a first episode of wheezing during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasons and to compare demographics and clinical variables between patients with benign and pathologic chest radiographs. | 2002 | 12395001 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappab in the lung involves alveolar macrophages and toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathways. | the transcription factor nuclear factor (nf)-kappab controls the expression of numerous respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-inducible inflammatory and immunomodulatory genes. using a balb/c mouse model, the present article shows that rsv potently and specifically activates nf-kappab in vivo, a process that involves nuclear translocation of the subunits rela, p50, and c-rel in the lung. by depletion of alveolar macrophages (ams) in balb/c mice and use of c3h/hej mice lacking a functional toll-like ... | 2002 | 12402188 |
| a common haplotype of interleukin-4 gene il4 is associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in korean children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major health problem in young children, and host response to severe disease favors a th2 immune response. to investigate the genetic basis for rsv disease severity, linked variants of 3 th2 cytokine genes, il4, il13, and il5 (which are clustered on chromosome 5q31.1) were characterized in 105 children who were hospitalized with severe rsv infection and 315 korean control subjects in a pilot study. a common il4 haplotype defined at 5 loci, which includes the ... | 2002 | 12402189 |
| identification of nf-kappab-dependent gene networks in respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a mucosa-restricted virus that is a leading cause of epidemic respiratory tract infections in children. in epithelial cells, rsv replication activates nuclear translocation of the inducible transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) through proteolysis of its cytoplasmic inhibitor, ikappab. in spite of a putative role in mediating virus-inducible gene expression, the spectrum of nf-kappab-dependent genes induced by rsv infection has not yet been d ... | 2002 | 12050393 |
| adenovirus-mediated suicide-gene therapy in an orthotopic murine bladder tumor model. | patients with high-grade transitional-cell carcinoma (tcc) of the bladder frequently experience recurrence and progress and have a low response rate to chemotherapy in metastatic tcc. in this study, we evaluated the feasibility and long-term efficacy of suicide-gene therapy using adenovirus (ad)-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (hsv-tk) and prodrug ganciclovir (gcv) as a potential therapeutic approach in murine-orthotopic models of tcc. | 2002 | 12060439 |
| role of bovine chemokines produced by dendritic cells in respiratory syncytial virus-induced t cell proliferation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been reported to induce the production of chemokines in the airway epithelia. dendritic cells (dc) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. they are located throughout the body and release chemokines in response to inflammation and infection. we have investigated the chemokine profile of bovine dc in response to exposure to bovine rsv (brsv). transcripts for several chemokines were detected by rt-pcr, subsequently cloned and expressed, and the products ... | 2002 | 12072239 |
| neutralizing anti-f glycoprotein and anti-substance p antibody treatment effectively reduces infection and inflammation associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important virus mediating lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. rsv infection is associated with pulmonary inflammation and increased levels of substance p (sp), making the airways and leukocytes that express sp receptors susceptible to the proinflammatory effects of this peptide. this study examines combining neutralizing anti-f glycoprotein and anti-sp antibody treatment of rsv-infected balb/c mice to inhibit rsv replicatio ... | 2002 | 12072488 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis: cost-effective analysis in argentina. | respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of bronchiolitis during the first year of life. preterm infants and patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) have a higher risk of hospitalization. the objective of this study was to assess the risk of hospitalization and to evaluate the cost effectiveness of palivizumab use in our at risk population. | 2002 | 12075758 |
| rsv entry inhibitors block f-protein mediated fusion with model membranes. | rsv fusion is mediated by f-protein, a major viral surface glycoprotein. cl-309623, a specific inhibitor of rsv, interacts tightly with f-protein, which results in a hydrophobic environment at the binding site. the binding is selective for f-protein and does not occur with g-protein, a surface glycoprotein that facilitates the binding of rsv to target cells, or with lipid membranes at concentrations in the sub-millimolar range. using an assay based on the relief of self-quenching of octadecyl rh ... | 2002 | 12076763 |
| cationic liposome-mediated enhanced generation of human hla-restricted rsv-specific cd8+ ctl+. | generation of human cd8+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) in vitro is inefficient. lipofectamine, a polycationic liposome, previously shown to enhance the transfection efficiency of dna in cells, was evaluated for enhancing rsv ctl activity. stimulator cells were prepared by infecting human pbl with rsv with or without lipofectamine for 3 hr and then transferred to responder cells. after 8 days of incubation, ... | 2002 | 12078858 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and pulmonary surfactant. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections peak in young infants and are associated with significant morbidity. the collectins surfactant protein-a (sp-a) and sp-d are pattern recognition molecules that belong to the innate immune system of the lungs, forming a first line of defense. on the one hand, sp-a and sp-d levels are reduced during rsv infection. this may critically influence the invasion of rsv and also the virus-induced cytokine patterns of the host. both collectins enhance the in vi ... | 2002 | 12081017 |
| cytokine and chemokine gene expression after primary and secondary respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. | the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was studied in the lungs of cotton rats after primary or secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). increases in messenger rna (mrna) levels of all genes analyzed were observed during the course of primary infection. in general, mrna expression peaked between postinfection days 1 and 4 and returned to near-normal levels by day 10. during secondary infection, the expression of some genes (i.e., interferon [ifn]- ... | 2002 | 12085325 |
| cross-reactivity among several recombinant calicivirus virus-like particles (vlps) with monoclonal antibodies obtained from mice immunized orally with one type of vlp. | human caliciviruses (hucvs) are classified into the norwalk-like viruses (nlv) and sapporo-like viruses (slv) as genera within the family caliciviridae: the nlv genus is further classified into genogroups i and ii, based on sequence similarities. to study the antigenic determinants on the hucv capsid protein and develop new diagnostic tools for field samples, we established and characterized monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against baculovirus-expressed recombinant hucv virus-like particles (vlps). ... | 2002 | 12089262 |
| novel monoclonal antibody directed at the receptor binding site on the avian sarcoma and leukosis virus env complex. | we report here on the generation of a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against rous sarcoma virus (rsv) subgroup a env that will be useful in functional and structural analysis of rsv env, as well as in approaches employing the rcas/tva system for gene targeting. balb/c mice were primed and given boosters twice with enva-expressing nih 3t3 cells. resulting hybridomas were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against rcanbp virions and su-a-immunoglobulin g immunoadhesin. one highly reac ... | 2002 | 12097564 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. | palivizumab prophylaxis significantly reduces hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in preterm infants. however, palivizumab is very expensive. data from a new zealand cost-effectiveness analysis were considered by representatives of the infectious diseases and immunisation, fetus and newborn, and respiratory committees of the paediatric society of new zealand. prophylaxis in all high-risk groups was associated with net cost. the consensus panel recommends that the priori ... | 2002 | 12410864 |
| association of cytokine responses with disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to explore the relationship between cytokine responses and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants. | 2002 | 12412865 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial virus with the g and f genes shifted to the promoter-proximal positions. | the genome of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes 10 mrnas and 11 proteins in the order 3'-ns1-ns2-n-p-m-sh-g-f-m2-1/m2-2-l-5'. the g and f glycoproteins are the major rsv neutralization and protective antigens. it seems likely that a high level of expression of g and f would be desirable for a live rsv vaccine. for mononegaviruses, the gene order is a major factor controlling the level of mrna and protein expression due to the polar gradient of sequential transcription. in order to ... | 2002 | 12414935 |
| immune response to respiratory syncytial virus in young brazilian children. | we have evaluated the cellular and humoral immune response to primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in young infants. serum specimens from 65 patients <=12 months of age (39 males and 26 females, 28 cases <3 months and 37 cases > or = 3 months; median 3 3.9 months) were tested for anti-rsv igg and igg subclass antibodies by eia. flow cytometry was used to characterize cell surface markers expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 29 rsv-infected children. there wa ... | 2002 | 12424491 |
| burden of disease in hospitalized rsv-positive children in germany. | in spite of a large amount of data from other countries, those on the burden of disease attributed to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in germany are lacking and are urgently needed. | 2002 | 12424681 |
| [effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection on t-helper cytokines expression in balb/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin]. | to determine the effects of rsv infection on the development of lung inflammation and the expressions of t-helper cell related cytokines in balb/c mice pre-sensitized with ovalbumin. | 2002 | 12425832 |
| clustered charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of human respiratory syncytial virus l polymerase generates temperature-sensitive viruses. | clustered charge-to-alanine mutagenesis was performed on the large (l) polymerase protein of human respiratory syncytial virus to identify charged residues in the l protein that are important for viral rna synthesis and to generate temperature-sensitive viruses. clusters of three, four, and five charged residues throughout the entire l protein were substituted with alanines. a minigenome replicon assay was used to determine the functions of the mutant l proteins and to identify mutations that ca ... | 2002 | 12429529 |
| interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-11, and interferon-gamma levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates from wheezing children with respiratory syncytial virus or influenza a virus infection. | the differences between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus (ifav) in the pathogenesis of wheezing in young children have not been clearly defined. the aim of this study was to assess the contributions of rsv vs ifav in the pathogenesis of upper airway inflammation in wheezy young children. we compared interleukin (il)-6, il-8, il-11, and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) from non-asthmatic children with respiratory virus infections (rsv in ... | 2002 | 12431194 |
| correlation between serum interleukin 6 and c-reactive protein concentrations in patients with adenoviral respiratory infection. | to characterize adenoviral respiratory infection, we evaluated clinical features, laboratory findings and serum cytokine concentrations in patients with adenoviral infection and compared them with those in patients with influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. | 2002 | 12150170 |
| management of respiratory syncytial virus with lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children requiring pediatric hospitalizations. infants with chronic lung, cardiac, or neuromuscular conditions are at increased risk for rsv infection. early rsv is associated with subsequent diagnosis of reactive airway disease. the management of rsv with lower respiratory track infection in infants and children remains controversial. bronchodilators may have some short-term benefit, but a ... | 2002 | 12151995 |
| substance p receptor expression on lymphocytes is associated with the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the kinetics and magnitude of sp receptor expression was determined for bronchoalveolar leukocyte cell subsets from balb/c mice in the primary immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus-3 (piv3) infection, and in the secondary immune response to rsv and piv3 challenge. in both the primary and secondary responses to infection, expression of substance p (sp) receptors was markedly increased by infection, especially for t lymphocytes, compared to b220+, cd11b ... | 2002 | 12161030 |
| an epidemiological study of rsv infection in the gambia. | to describe the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in a developing country. | 2002 | 12163920 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in navajo and white mountain apache children. | the hospitalization rate for bronchiolitis of any cause among us children younger than 1 year is estimated at 31.2 per 1000. no data exist on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific hospitalization rates among high-risk native americans other than alaska natives, for whom the incidence of rsv hospitalization was estimated at 150 per 1000 among infants younger than 1 year. we aimed to estimate rsv hospitalization rates among navajo and white mountain apache children younger than 2 years. | 2002 | 12165619 |
| test characteristics of the respiratory syncytial virus enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in febrile infants < or = 60 days of age. | the test characteristics of rapid tests for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants may differ from older children secondary to a lower likelihood of previous illness with rsv. our main goal was to establish the test characteristics of the rsv abbott testpack (tp) enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (eia) in febrile infants < or = 60 days of age. our secondary goal was to determine the likelihood of rsv given a particular clinical syndrome and a negative or positive eia. a prospective sampl ... | 2002 | 12166793 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) tat induces nitric-oxide synthase in human astroglia. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection is known to cause neuronal injury and dementia in a significant proportion of patients. however, the mechanism by which hiv-1 mediates its deleterious effects in the brain is poorly defined. the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the hiv-1 tat gene on the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) in human u373mg astroglial cells and primary astroglia. expression of the tat gene as rsv-tat but not that of the ... | 2002 | 12167619 |
| viral etiology of acute respiratory infections among children in porto alegre, rs, brazil. | although acute respiratory infections (aris) are a major cause of child morbidity and mortality in southern brazil, little information is available on their seasonality and viral etiology. this study was conducted on children under 5 years of age with ari to assess viral etiology in the state of rio grande do sul, from 1990 to 1992. a total of 862 nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) samples were tested using indirect immunofluorescence. the results showed that 316 (36.6%) nps samples were positive: 2 ... | 2002 | 12170321 |
| management of bronchiolitis: current practices in ireland. | to establish current practice for hospital-based treatment of uncomplicated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the republic of ireland. a questionnaire was sent to all consultant general paediatricians in the republic of ireland. the questionnaire described a clinical scenario and this was followed by a list of management questions. the scenario was of a 3-month-old infant with uncomplicated but moderately severe rsv infection requiring hospitalization. seventy-three questionnaires w ... | 2002 | 12171262 |
| cost-effectiveness of palivizumab in new zealand. | to establish the preterm infant hospitalization risks from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in new zealand and the net cost per hospitalization averted by palivizumab. | 2002 | 12173995 |
| inhibition of retroviral pathogenesis by rna interference. | rna interference (rnai) is a newly discovered cellular defense system that is known to suppress replication of genomic parasites in model organisms. it has been widely conjectured that rnai may also serve as an antiviral system in vertebrates. | 2002 | 12176358 |
| development of vaccines against common colds. | respiratory tract viruses are particularly significant causes of illness and death in children and in the elderly. vaccines offer the possibility of decreasing the severity and complications of viral respiratory disease, but development has been delayed by numerous factors. first, there are more than 200 serologically distinct rna and dna virus species and strains which cause an essentially similar spectrum of disease. some re-infect at high efficiency despite little antigenic variation, while o ... | 2002 | 12176853 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus in canada: utilization and outcomes. | to provide information on the use and outcomes of palivizumab prophylaxis in children at high risk of serious respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2002 | 12182374 |
| diagnostic methods for detection of respiratory rna viruses. | this article is a comprehensive description of diagnostic methods for detection of rna respiratory viruses - respiratory syncytial virus rsv, influenza a and b viruses, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 viruses, coronaviruses and rhinoviruses--from cell culture to molecular biology methods. both patients and medical personnel appear to be at risk of viral infection, specially during the winter season. moreover, many health care units lack viral diagnostic facilities; therefore, it is essential for medica ... | 2002 | 12184443 |
| evaluation of antiviral activity of different origin compounds by flow cytometry. | against many viral diseases caused for example by hsv, ebv, cmv, hiv, rsv, hcv for which vaccines are not available, chemiotherapeutics seem to have the principal significance. high progress in development of new antiviral compounds is observed. in addition to synthetic compounds a large number of naturally occurring substances have been shown to posses antiviral activity. one of such substance is tannic acid. in this study comparison of antiviral activity of tannic acid, acyclovir (acv) and gan ... | 2002 | 12184452 |
| natural reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus does not boost virus-specific t-cell immunity. | to determine the role of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific cell-mediated immunity during natural reinfection, we investigated whether rsv-specific t-cell responses protect against reinfection and, subsequently, whether reinfection boosts virus-specific memory. in a cohort of 55 infants who were hospitalized for rsv bronchiolitis, rsv-specific lymphoproliferative responses in the peripheral blood were measured at three time-points: on admission, 4 wk after admission, and 1 y later, after ... | 2002 | 12193668 |
| steroids fail to down-regulate respiratory syncytial virus-induced il-8 secretion in infants. | in the first year of life, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and is characterized by extensive inflammatory cell influx to airways. we investigated whether this might reflect a failure to down-regulate secretion of the chemokine il-8, which has been identified as a key chemoattractant during host defense to rsv. two milliliters of blood were obtained from infants, children aged 1-12 y, and adults. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were isolated and inf ... | 2002 | 12193669 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces prostaglandin e2, il-10 and il-11 generation in antigen presenting cells. | bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of hospitalization in children under 1 years of age. the disease characteristically does not induce protective immunity. however, a mononuclear peribronchiolar and perivascular infiltrate during rsv infection is suggestive of an immune-mediated pathogenesis. macrophages and dendritic cells (dcs) play an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of immune response to pathogens. to analyse interactions of r ... | 2002 | 12197884 |
| episodic activation of the rat gnrh promoter: role of the homeoprotein oct-1. | recent reports demonstrate that the rat gnrh promoter is activated in an episodic fashion in immortalized gnrh neurons, but little information is available on molecular processes that contribute to this phenomenon. in this study, we dissected the regions of the rat gnrh promoter that mediate these effects by testing a series of 5' deletion luciferase reporter constructs on the pattern of photonic emissions from single, living gt1-7 gnrh neuronal cells. deletion analysis revealed that the region ... | 2002 | 12198245 |
| immune-globulin prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients undergoing stem-cell transplantation. | thirty-two patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation were given respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune globulin (rsvig) at the time of transplantation and again 3 weeks later. antibody titers to rsv, human parainfluenza virus 3, measles, and influenza h1n1, h3n2, and b were measured prior to administration of rsvig and 6 more times over the course of the subsequent 6 weeks. baseline antiviral titers and increases in antibody after administration of rsvig were extre ... | 2002 | 12198619 |
| correlation between respiratory syncytial virus genotype and severity of illness. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes seasonal outbreaks of respiratory tract infections, but the viral factors associated with virulence remain unknown. to determine whether rsv genotype correlated with severity of illness, isolates were characterized by phylogenetic analysis of the rsv g gene, and a composite score was used to quantify severity of illness. during the 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 winter seasons, 137 subgroup a and 84 subgroup b isolates were identified. the severity of illness ca ... | 2002 | 12198620 |
| selection and expression of peptides which can change the conformation of p20 protein of rice stripe virus. | phages with high affinity to the p20 protein of rice stripe virus (rsv) were enriched from phage-displayed random 12-mer peptide library after three rounds of phage display screening. nine different peptides from the enriched library were selected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the p20 protein from raw extracts of rice leaves infected with rsv could be detected by those 9 peptides displayed on the phage, which suggested that a peptide could be an effective tool for diagnosis of rs ... | 2002 | 12199205 |
| origins of reactive airways disease in early life: do viral infections play a role? | there is mounting evidence suggesting that infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in early life increases the risk of developing reactive airway disease (rad) later in childhood. a recent prospective study demonstrated that children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis in infancy face a significantly increased risk of recurrent wheezing and allergy at least until the age of 7 y that is independent of hereditary factors. proposed mechanisms for this link include immune dysregulation, in ... | 2002 | 12200895 |
| incidence of respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalizations in high-risk children: follow-up of a national cohort of infants treated with palivizumab as rsv prophylaxis. | the prophylactic administration of palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein, was recently shown to significantly decrease the incidence of rsv-related hospitalizations among high-risk children (impact-rsv trial). while awaiting marketing authorization in france and through a cohort of patients' name-based national program temporarily authorized by the french drug agency, a prospective register of all palivizumab-treated patients in france wa ... | 2002 | 12203846 |
| readmission with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among graduates from a neonatal intensive care unit. | we evaluated the incidence of readmission with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among the graduates of a regional neonatal intensive care unit (nicu), and characterized those who were rehospitalized. these data were used as a predictive tool to estimate the number of babies likely to suffer readmission with rsv for the year 2000 cohort. using the published efficacies of palivizumab, the costs and benefits of protecting this cohort were assessed. retrospective analysis of 2,507 nicu in ... | 2002 | 12205567 |
| [role of viral infections and chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in asthma in infants and young children. epidemiologic study of 118 children]. | wheezing associated with upper respiratory tract infections is common in children. using conventional techniques (viral culture and immunofluorescence) and molecular techniques (pcr), we studied the prevalence of viral, chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) and mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) infections in 118 children hospitalised for acute asthma exacerbation. a virus was identified by conventional techniques in 40 of the 118 nasal swabs (34%), while pcr allowed identification of virus cp and mp in 80 samples ... | 2002 | 12205810 |
| pulmonary t cells induced by respiratory syncytial virus are functional and can make an important contribution to long-lived protective immunity. | the contribution of t cell responses to immunity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is not fully defined, but this is an important issue for vaccine design. recent studies demonstrating rsv-induced pulmonary t cell suppression suggest that rsv may have evolved strategies to escape t cell immunity. here we evaluated potential consequences of rsv-mediated immunosuppression for protective memory t cell responses in vivo. surprisingly, we found strong ex vivo cytolytic activity and interferon ... | 2002 | 12207340 |
| virus clearance and immunopathology by cd8(+) t cells during infection with respiratory syncytial virus are mediated by ifn-gamma. | cd8(+) t cells (ctl) are important effector cells for virus control and immunopathology after primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). to investigate the effector mechanisms involved, we set up an adoptive transfer model, in which effector ctl specific for p82-90 of rsv m2 were generated in vivo, followed by short-term restimulation in vitro and transfusion into infected recipients. a total of 4 x 10(4) donor-derived p82-specific ctl homing to the lung within 4 days after transf ... | 2002 | 12209623 |
| enhanced il-4 responses in children with a history of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy. | infants who recover from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis are at high risk of developing asthma and recurrent wheezing. it is not known whether severe rsv infection itself causes persistent effects or is a marker of a "wheezy" predisposition. to determine the long-term immunological correlates of infantile bronchiolitis, interleukin (il)-4 and interferon (ifn)-gamma responses to a panel of antigens were studied in a well-characterised cohort of 7-8-yr-old children with a h ... | 2002 | 12212970 |
| intranasal gene transfer by chitosan-dna nanospheres protects balb/c mice against acute respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is often associated in infancy with life-threatening bronchiolitis, which is also a major risk factor for the development of asthma. at present, no effective prophylaxis is available against rsv infection. herein, we describe an effective prophylactic intranasal gene transfer strategy utilizing chitosan-dna nanospheres (igt), containing a cocktail of plasmid dnas encoding all rsv antigens, except l. a single administration of igt (25 microg/mouse) indu ... | 2002 | 12215263 |
| a cautionary note on experimental artefacts induced by fetal calf serum in a viral model of pulmonary eosinophilia. | in balb/c mice, sensitization with the attachment protein (g) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) leads to cd4(+) t cell-mediated lung eosinophilia during subsequent challenge with rsv. in this study, we originally intended to test whether activation of rsv-specific cytotoxic t cells by peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (dc) after g protein sensitization could prevent this eosinophilic response. peptide-pulsed dendritic cells activated ctl, which could mediate protective immunity to rsv. however, ... | 2002 | 12215389 |
| respiratory syncytial virus--viral biology and the host response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of respiratory tract infection in infants. we have an incomplete understanding of the reasons why some infants are more severely affected by rsv than others. there is no effective antiviral treatment for the infection. advances in our understanding of the biology of rsv, particularly in relation to the attachment protein g and the fusion protein f, have revealed potential targets for new antiviral therapies and vaccine development. in ... | 2002 | 12217726 |
| vaccination with recombinant alphavirus or immune-stimulating complex antigen against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory diseases in infants and young children. inappropriate immunity to the virus can lead to disease enhancement upon subsequent infection. in this study, we have characterized the antiviral immunity elicited by the recombinant semliki forest virus (sfv) encoding the rsv fusion (f) and attachment (g) protein, and compared with that induced by the immune-stimulating complex (iscom)-incorporated fg proteins. antiviral immunity against rsv elic ... | 2002 | 12218139 |
| current respiratory syncytial virus prevention strategies in high-risk infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was initially isolated in 1956. since then it has become recognized as a major pathogen worldwide. it is a ubiquitous pathogen that produces seasonal epidemics. primary infection occurs in children before 2 years of age. in older children and adults, rsv usually manifests itself as an upper respiratory tract infection. in immunecompromised patients, those with underlying cardiopulmonary disorders, premature infants, and other vulnerable individuals, rsv infectio ... | 2002 | 12225544 |
| early ribavarin treatment of bronchiolitis: effect on long-term respiratory morbidity. | the mortality rate from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis has significantly reduced over the last decade. a major concern now is the long-term respiratory morbidity following rsv bronchiolitis. | 2002 | 12226035 |
| molecular epidemiological analysis of community circulating respiratory syncytial virus in rural south africa: comparison of viruses and genotypes responsible for different disease manifestations. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in children in both the industrialized and developing world. most molecular epidemiological studies have, until now, focused on isolates from hospitalized infants in industrialized countries. limited data have been available with regard to community circulating rsv, especially from africa. the present study compares rsv isolates from infants attending rural community clinics in the northern provi ... | 2002 | 12226836 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: disease severity, interleukin-8, and virus genotype. | in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, we investigated whether disease severity is associated with the genotype of the infecting virus, or with the infant's immunological response to the infection, as determined by measurement of interleukin-8 mrna in the nasopharyngeal aspirate. this was a cross-sectional observational study, performed in the accident and emergency department, wards, and intensive care unit of a large pediatric hospital. participants included 276 infan ... | 2002 | 11948978 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia associated with primary epstein-barr virus infection. | this is a case report of a child with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia and concurrent infection with epstein-barr virus. we hypothesize that immunosuppression due to ebv may have contributed to the severity of his rsv infection. the diagnosis of rsv infection was facilitated by bronchoalveolar lavage. | 2002 | 11948986 |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal aspirate and nasal swab specimens for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in different settings in a developing country. | to compare detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) for diagnostic purposes using nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) and nasal swabs (ns) in different clinical settings in a community study in guinea-bissau. | 2002 | 11952947 |
| [pulmonary function in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis]. | to observe the dynamics of pulmonary function in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2002 | 11953156 |
| high and selective expression of yeast cytosine deaminase under a carcinoembryonic antigen promoter-enhancer. | yeast cytosine deaminase (ycd)-based gene therapy offers the potential for selective production of the cytotoxic and radiosensitizing drug 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) from the benign prodrug 5-fluorocytosine within colorectal cancers. although previous attempts to target therapy to colorectal cancer using the carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) promoter have demonstrated specificity, this has been achieved at the cost of 10- to 300-fold loss in activity compared with strong but nonspecific rous sarcoma vir ... | 2002 | 11956093 |
| release of cytokines by human nasal epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae. | mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) infection is associated with asthma exacerbation in children. we hypothesized that mp infection may cause airway inflammation by inducing the release of cytokines by respiratory epithelial cells. the levels of chemokines interleukin-8 (il-8) and released upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted (rantes) released by nasal epithelial cell (nec) cultures established from asthmatic and nonasthmatic children were measured by elisa at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hr after ... | 2002 | 11976403 |
| 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase plays a critical role in interferon-gamma inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection of human epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), associated with bronchiolitis and asthma, is resistant to the antiviral effects of type-i interferons (ifn), but not ifn-gamma. however, the antiviral mechanism of ifn-gamma action against rsv infection is unknown. the molecular mechanism of ifn-gamma-induced antiviral activity was examined in this study using human epithelial cell lines hep-2 and a549. exposure of these cells to 100-1000 units/ml of ifn-gamma, either before or after rsv infection, results in a ... | 2002 | 11980899 |
| performance characteristics of vidas and directigen respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen detection assays and culture for the identification of rsv in respiratory specimens. | in a comparison of the directigen and vidas respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection assays with viral culture, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and testing efficiency were 86, 93.1, 82.7, 94.6, and 91.2% for directigen; 96.1, 90.8, 80.3, 98.3, and 92.3% for vidas; and 88.2, 100, 100, 95.7, and 96.8% for viral culture, respectively. | 2002 | 11980966 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: clinical features, management, and prophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects almost all children by two years of age, resulting in a large number of hospital admissions in infants. reactive airway disease is more common after rsv infection, even in previously healthy children. management of the acute infection is supportive, but preliminary evidence suggests surfactant administration to ventilated infants may be of benefit. whether ribavirin or corticosteroids reduce respiratory morbidity after rsv infection remains controversial ... | 2002 | 11981311 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in high-risk infants by monoclonal antibody (palivizumab). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major viral pathogen which causes serious respiratory illness in infants and children worldwide. palivizumab (synagis) is an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody administered intramuscularly for the prevention of severe rsv respiratory disease in high-risk infants and young children. the impact-rsv trial, the pivotal multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial performed in the usa, canada and the united kingdom demonstrated an overall 55% reduction in hospita ... | 2002 | 11982888 |
| sensitive detection and quantitation of mouse eosinophils in tissues using an enzymatic eosinophil peroxidase assay: its use to rapidly measure pulmonary eosinophilia during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of mice. | eosinophils are granular proinflammatory leukocytes implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory processes including allergy, asthma, and in the development of enhanced disease during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. here, we adapted a colorimetric assay to measure eosinophil peroxidase (epo) activity in inflamed mouse lung tissue in order to quantitate pulmonary eosinophilia during experimental rsv infection. using the substrate o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (opd) in ... | 2002 | 11983224 |
| multiplex assay for detection of strain-specific antibodies against the two variable regions of the g protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | the role of strain differences in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease has not been clearly defined. to investigate the possibility that strain differences contribute to susceptibility to repeat infections, we developed assays to detect antibodies to the two variable regions of the rsv g protein by cloning and expressing the internal variable region at amino acids (aa) 60 to 172 (g1) and the carboxy-terminal variable region at aa 193 to the carboxy terminus (g2) from different genotypes of ... | 2002 | 11986272 |
| association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major pathogen responsible for acute bronchiolitis in infancy. however, evaluation of the relative importance of rhinovirus or multiple viral infections has been hampered by the lack of sensitive diagnostic methodologies. therefore, in this study we used the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for 11 respiratory pathogens to assess the etiology in infants with acute bronchiolitis and correlate it with clinical characteristics of the disease. v ... | 2002 | 11991880 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of human airway epithelial cells is polarized, specific to ciliated cells, and without obvious cytopathology. | gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease requires efficient gene transfer to airway epithelial cells after intralumenal delivery. most gene transfer vectors so far tested have not provided the efficiency required. although human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a common respiratory virus, is known to infect the respiratory epithelium, the mechanism of infection and the epithelial cell type targeted by rsv have not been determined. we have utilized human primary airway epithelial cell ... | 2002 | 11991994 |
| peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infants hospitalized because of respiratory syncytial virus infection express t helper-1 and t helper-2 cytokines and cc chemokine messenger rna. | the cellular immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was examined in infants aged 1-21 months who were hospitalized because of rsv infection or non-rsv-related illness. rsv- or control-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined to determine rsv-specific intracellular t helper-1 (th1) and t helper- 2 (th2) cytokine expression, chemokine messenger rna (mrna) expression, and cell surface markers. patients hospitalized because of rsv infection had increased nu ... | 2002 | 11992272 |
| respiratory syncytial virus may be a pathogen in allergic conjunctivitis. | the host response to allergens appears to be regulated by t helper type 2 cell patterns of local cytokine production. we hypothesized that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects the normal conjunctival epithelium and produces interleukin (il)-4, causing a local allergic reaction. | 2002 | 11995809 |
| an update on respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology: a developed country perspective. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide, and an important cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality. the infections caused by rsv are seasonal, peaking predictably in the winter months in temperate climates, and in the hottest months and the rainy season in tropical climates. the involvement of the lower respiratory tract, manifest clinically as bronchiolitis or pneumonia, is the hallmark of sever ... | 2002 | 11996399 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis--the story so far. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common and highly contagious pathogen that infects nearly all children by the age of 2 years. it is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide among certain high-risk paediatric populations. therapy is sub-optimal for rsv, thus treatment focuses on ameliorating symptoms. since discovery of the virus in the 1950s, efforts have been ongoing to develop a safe and effective vaccine. these efforts have met with serious obstacles. passive immun ... | 2002 | 11996400 |
| the association between respiratory syncytial virus infection and reactive airway disease. | evidence has been accumulating that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infants may be linked to subsequent development of reactive airway disease (rad) in childhood, and therefore research into the prevention of rsv lrti may have important implications for the prevention of rad. this article reviews the epidemiological evidence linking rsvand rad and some ofthe theories concerning cellular and molecular mechanisms of post-viral airway inflammation in or ... | 2002 | 11996401 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease is associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality in children, especially in young children. underlying conditions including prematurity with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, immunosuppression or another underlying respiratory condition, such as cystic fibrosis, increase the risk of contracting and developing severe rsv disease. environmental factors such as crowding, day-care attendance, and exposure to passi ... | 2002 | 11996403 |
| the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus disease in childhood. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory infection in infants and children. rsv is an rna virus whose genome encodes 10 proteins. the g protein is responsible for viral attachment to cells whilst the f protein promotes syncytia formation. these proteins are also important in the immune response to rsv. both the innate and adaptive arms of the cellular immune system are involved in the immunological response to rsv. the cytopathic effects of the virus explain man ... | 2002 | 11997296 |