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vitellogenin-induced pathology in male summer flounder (paralichthys dentatus).male summer flounder (paralichthys dentatus) were given two injections (initially and 2 weeks later) of 17beta-estradiol (e2) totaling 0.2 (2 x 0.1), 2.0 (2 x 1.0) or 20.0 (2 x 10.0) mg e2/kg body weight. blood and tissue samples were collected 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the initial injection in the (2 x 0.1) mg/kg treatment, 4, 6, 8, and 15 weeks after the first injection in the (2 x 1.0) mg/kg treatment and at 4 weeks only in the (2 x 10.0) mg/kg treatment. five of the 12 fish injected twice with ...200111090901
does anoxia induce cell swelling in carp brains? in vivo mri measurements in crucian carp and common carp.although both common and crucian carp survived 2 h of anoxia at 18 degrees c, the response of their brains to anoxia was quite different and indicative of the fact that the crucian carp is anoxia tolerant while the common carp is not. using in vivo t(2) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (mri), we studied anoxia induced changes in brain volume, free water content (t(2)), and water homeostasis (water diffusion coefficient). the anoxic crucian carp showed no signs of brain swelling ...200111152713
melatonin modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid(a) receptor-mediated currents on isolated carp retinal neurons.modulation by melatonin of gamma-aminobutyric acid(a) (gaba(a)) receptor-mediated responses was studied in bipolar and amacrine-like cells acutely isolated from carp retina, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. melatonin of 1 mm accelerated desensitization of the gaba(a) receptors at both bipolar and amacrine-like cells. in addition, 1 mm melatonin hardly changed the gaba(a) receptor-mediated response amplitude of bipolar cells, while it increased or decreased that of amacrine-like cells, ...200111239714
an electrophysiological test of the effect of the temporal pattern of light adaptation on teleost h1 type horizontal cell plasticity.the possible importance of the temporal pattern of photon delivery in light adaptation-induced physiological plasticity in the outer retina of carp was tested by intracellular recording. steady and flicker (3 hz) background adaptation was applied whilst recording chromatic voltage responses of h1 type horizontal cells (hcs) to 680 and 440 nm full-field test flashes (generating response amplitudes of v(r) and v(b), respectively). a third parameter v(b)/v(r) (b/r) was calculated as an indicator of ...200111239704
dynamics of (cd,zn)-metallothioneins in gills, liver and kidney of common carp cyprinus carpio during cadmium exposure.cadmium concentrations, (cd,zn)-metallothionein (mt) concentrations, mt synthesis and the relative amounts of cadmium bound to (cd,zn)-mts were determined in gills, liver and kidney of common carp cyprinus carpio exposed to 0, 0.5 microm (0.06 mg.l(-1)), 2.5 microm (0.28 mg.l(-1)) and 7 microm (0.79 mg.l(-1)) cd for up to 29 days. cadmium accumulation was in the order kidney > liver > gills. control levels of hepatic (cd,zn)-mt were four times higher compared to those of gills and kidney. no inc ...200111239687
effects of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on the function of carp, cyprinus carpio, phagocytes in vitro.the modulation of phagocytic cells by beta-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone and progesterone was analyzed in common carp cyprinus carpio. carp kidney leukocytes were cultured in rpmi 1640 medium containing 0.1, 1, 10, 100 or 1000 nm concentration of each hormone. the production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide (no) and phagocytosis were measured in vitro. similar concentrations of cortisol were used as control. phagocytic activities of carp macrophages was suppressed by treatment with beta-estrad ...200111369300
heat shock stimulation of a tilapia heat shock protein 70 promoter is mediated by a distal element.we reported previously that a tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) promoter is able to confer heat shock response on a reporter gene after transient expression both in cell culture and in microinjected zebrafish embryos. here we present the first functional analysis of a fish hsp70 promoter, the tihsp70 promoter. using transient expression experiments in carp epc (epithelioma papulosum cyprini) cells and in microinjected zebrafish embryos, we show that a distal heat sh ...200111368761
morphological and metabolic changes in common carp, cyprinus carpio, during short-term copper exposure: interactions between cu2+ and plasma cortisol elevation.the effects of increased endogenous cortisol levels were compared with those of sublethal copper exposure in the freshwater common carp, cyprinus carpio. fish were exposed to either increased levels of endogenous cortisol (200 ng/ml) or sublethal copper (1.9 microm) alone or were pretreated by elevating plasma cortisol levels prior to copper exposure to assess whether interactions between both treatments occurred. effects induced by increased cortisol levels included increased na+/k(+)-adenosine ...200111351438
a mechanistic model for the uptake of waterborne strontium in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the release of radioactive strontium to the environment is of concern due to the strong accumulation of this calcium resembling element in the bone and other tissues. to predict the effects of changes in environmental conditions on the uptake of sr2+ and ca2+ by freshwater fish, a michaelis-menten type model is introduced that accounts for the effects of chemical speciation, hydrogen ion activity, and metal ion competition. the uptake kinetics were characterized in vivo from short-term exposure ...200111349276
simulation of acid-base condition and copper speciation in the fish gill microenvironment.ph, alkalinity, and mucus content in the fish gill microenvironment of carp (cyprinus carpio) were measured by exposing fish to copper at various water ph levels using an apparatus which separates inspired and expired water. the relationship between ph levels inside and outside of the gill microenvironment, between ph and alkalinity, and between mucus secretion, ph, and copper exposure concentration were modeled. copper speciation in the surrounding water and in the fish gill microenvironment wa ...200111339403
zn2+ differentially modulates signals from red- and short wavelength-sensitive cones to horizontal cells in carp retina.the effects of zn2+ were studied while recording intracellularly from l-type horizontal cells (lhcs) in the isolated, superfused carp retina. in darkness, 25 microm zn2+ hyperpolarized lhcs and potentiated responses of these cells to 500 nm flashes, but decreased those to 680 nm flashes. zn2+ did not change photopic electroretinographic p iii responses. the differential modulation by zn2+ persisted when the zn2+-induced membrane hyperpolarization was compensated by lowering ca2+ concentration in ...200111325351
identification of beta-endorphins in the pituitary gland and blood plasma of the common carp (cyprinus carpio).carp beta-endorphin is posttranslationally modified by n-terminal acetylation and c-terminal cleavage. these processes determine the biological activity of the beta-endorphins. forms of beta-endorphin were identified in the pars intermedia and the pars distalis of the pituitary gland of the common carp (cyprinus carpio), as well as the forms released in vitro and into the blood. after separation and quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled with radioimmunoassay, the ...200111312144
analysis of spontaneous epscs in retinal horizontal cells of the carp.spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sepscs) were recorded under whole-cell voltage clamp from carp type 1 horizontal cells (h1 cells) uncoupled by dopamine in retinal slices. red light steps, which hyperpolarise cones and reduce glutamate release, induced outward current responses accompanied by a suppression of sepscs. sepscs decayed exponentially with a mean time constant of 0.71+/-0.07 ms and had a reversal potential near 0 mv. power spectral analysis of sepscs revealed a similar de ...200111311408
a new syndrome with craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphisms and developmental delay.we report a 16-year-old boy with multiple craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphic features including brachycephaly, acrocephaly, hypertelorism, wide palpebral fissures, broad nose, anteverted nares, broad columella, long and smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, macrostomia, carp-like mouth, micrognathia, low-set and posteriorly angulated ears with small and abnormal pinnae, a low posterior hairline, a short neck, hypoplastic and widely-spaced nipples, multiple severe pterygia, an umbilical hernia, meta ...200111311002
a peptide derived from the c-terminal part of a plant cysteine protease folds into a stack of two beta-hairpins, a scaffold present in the emerging family of granulin-like growth factors.a 35 amino acid residue peptide corresponding to the n-terminal subdomain of the granulin-like repeat from rice oryzain beta was synthesized and regioselectively oxidized to produce a species with a [1-3, 2-4] disulfide-pairing pattern. the resulting peptide was studied in solution using nmr and was shown to adopt the tertiary topology of a stack of two beta-hairpins found in the emerging family of granulin-like growth factors. because of the longer second beta-hairpin, the overall conformation ...200111298924
signals from cone photoreceptors to l-type horizontal cells are differentially modulated by low calcium in carp retina.ca2+ plays crucial roles in both phototransduction and calcium-dependent glutamate release from the photoreceptor terminal. modulation, by lowering extracellular ca2+, of red-sensitive (r-) and short wavelength-sensitive (s-) cone-driven light responses of l-type horizontal cells (lhcs) was studied in the isolated superfused carp retina using intracellular recording techniques. low ca2+ (nominally ca2+-free) ringer's reduced responses of lhcs to both green (500 nm) and red (680 nm) flashes in da ...200111298802
fine structure of the skin cells of a stenohaline freshwater fish cyprinus carpio exposed to diluted seawater.seawater diluted to half (1.750% salinity) is lethal for adult carps after 3 h and 15 min. at lower salinities (0.350%-0.875%), the fish survived for longer periods, but only 0.175% salinity was innocuous. in carps, adapted to 0.175% salinity, the secretory activity of pavement cells was very high and their external ridges flattened or even disappeared. mucus secretion was conspicuous, characterized by holocriny of old cells and apparition of young ones in large numbers. the intracellular mucus ...200111292170
micronuclei monitoring of fishes from lake paranoá, under influence of sewage treatment plant discharges.fish micronuclei tests (mn) were used to evaluate the ability of wastewater from two municipal sewage treatment plants that empty into lake paranoá to cause genetic damage. there were no significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei between the control and hypertrophic areas. in contrast, cyclophosphamide and mitomycin c, used to test the sensitivity of the biological assay, significantly increased the micronuclei counts in tilapia rendalli, oreochromis niloticus and cyprinus carpio, ...200111287296
unique biochemical nature of carp retinol-binding protein. n-linked glycosylation and uncleavable nh2-terminal signal peptide.retinol transport and metabolism have been well characterized in mammals; however, very little is known in fish. to study the mechanism by which fish retinol-binding protein (rbp) is able to remain in plasma besides its small molecular size, we isolated rbp cdna from a carp liver cdna library. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with that of known vertebrate rbps showed that carp rbp has high homology to the other cloned vertebrate rbps, but it lacks the cooh-terminal tetrapeptide, rnl ...200111278316
bioenergetics and rna/dna ratios in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) under hypoxia.hypoxia caused by eutrophication occurs over large areas in aquatic systems worldwide. common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to hypoxia (1 mg.o2.l(-1) and 2 mg.o2.l(-1)) for 1 week showed a significant reduction in feeding rate, respiration rate, faecal production and nitrogenous excretion compared to those maintained at normoxia (7 mg.o2.l(-1)). fish exposed to hypoxia showed negative scope for growth (sfg), but no significant difference in the specific growth rate was revealed after 1 week in ...200111263726
long-term cortisol treatment inhibits pubertal development in male common carp, cyprinus carpio l.the onset and regulation of puberty is determined by functional development of the brain-pituitary-gonad (bpg) axis. stress has been shown to interfere with reproduction and the functioning of the bpg axis. the response to chronic and severe stress may require much energy and force the organism to make adaptive choices. energy that is normally available for processes like growth, immune response, or reproduction will be channeled into restoration of the disturbed homeostasis. cortisol plays a ke ...200111259251
tissue-specific expression of two metallothionein genes in common carp during cadmium exposure and temperature shock.two metallothionein cdna isoforms (mt-1 and mt-2) were isolated from carp (cyprinus carpio) by rt-pcr. sequence analysis of the cdnas revealed two amino acid differences between the coding regions and markedly different 3'-untranslated ends. gene-specific primers were selected and used in rt-pcr reactions to measure the basal mt-1 and mt-2 mrna levels and to follow the inducer-specific expression of mt genes in different tissues during in vivo studies. in the brain and muscle, the uninduced leve ...200111255116
differential in vitro suppressive effects of steroids on leukocyte phagocytosis in two teleosts, tilapia and common carp.the objectives of this study were to investigate the potential roles of cortisol and gonadal steroids in the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes in two teleosts, tilapia (oreochromis niloticus x o. aureus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). an in vitro microtiter plate assay, measuring incorporation of fitc-latex beads into peripheral blood leukocytes, was developed for the first time in teleosts. peripheral blood leukocytes were cultured in al medium with tested compounds in a mi ...200111178882
genotoxicity of textile dye effluent on fish (cyprinus carpio) measured using the comet assay. 200111178658
regulation of interleukin 1 beta rna expression in the common carp, cyprinus carpio l.the intron-exon organisation of the carp il-1beta gene consists of 2455bp and comprises seven exons. three il-1beta rna transcripts have been found in carp: (1) a fully spliced product; (2) exon 1-7 with introns 5 and 6; and (3) exon 1-7 with intron 5 only. the intron-containing products probably represent partially spliced transcripts. il-1beta mrna expression in carp was semi-quantitatively analysed by rt-pcr in multiple organs, including brain and pituitary. constitutive expression of the il- ...200111164885
bioavailability of cd to the common carp, cyprinus carpio, in the presence of humic acid.the uptake of cadmium by the common carp, cyprinus carpio, was studied in chemically defined freshwater in the absence and presence of commercial humic acid. this was done to evaluate whether the cadmium uptake by carp in the presence of humic acid was related to the ambient cd2+ -ion activity or whether the complexed metal also contributed to the uptake. uptake of cd during a 3-h period of exposure was used as a measure of the biological availability of the metal. the uptake rate data for cd in ...200111163427
observations on the effects of caged carp culture on water and sediment metal concentrations in lake kasumigaura, japan.the concentrations of 24 elements in the sediment and associated water column were monitored at two sites, one an area of intensive cage culture of carp, the other a wild site far from known cage culture areas, in lake kasumigaura, japan, between september 1994 and september 1995. the concentrations of most elements in lake kasumigaura are mostly sub-parts per billion, except those for ca, fe, k, mg, na, p, and si. the concentrations of cd, co, cu, mn, ni, pb, v, and fe in lake kasumigaura are h ...200111161684
effects of essential fatty acid deficiency and supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (dha; 22:6n-3) on cellular fatty acid compositions and fatty acyl desaturation in a cell culture model.the desaturation of [1-(14)c] 18:3n-3 to docosahexaenoic acid (dha; 22:6n-3) is enhanced in an essential fatty acid deficient cell line (epc-efad) in comparison with the parent cell line (epc) from carp. in the present study, the effects of dha on lipid and fatty acid compositions, and the metabolism of [1-(14)c]18:3n-3 were investigated in epc-efad cells in comparison with epc cells. dha supplementation had only relatively minor effects on lipid content and lipid class compositions in both epc ...200111161581
cortisol affects testicular development in male common carp, cyprinus carpio l., but not via an effect on lh secretion.previous work showed that prolonged elevated cortisol levels, implicated in the stress adaptation, inhibits testicular pubertal development in male common carp, as well as an impairment of the synthesis of the 11-oxygenated androgens. this may be a direct effect of cortisol on the testis or via the gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether cortisol has an effect on pituitary lh secretion. juvenile common carp were fed with cortisol containin ...200111399504
molecular cloning of carp (cyprinus carpio) c-type lectin and pentraxin by use of suppression subtractive hybridisation. 200111394694
nerve growth factor induces light adaptive cellular and synaptic plasticity in the outer retina of fish.recent evidence suggests that neurotrophins can be involved in short-term synaptic plasticity in parts of the central nervous system. in the present study, the possible role of nerve growth factor (ngf) in inducing morphologic (cellular and subcellular) changes in the outer retina of carp was assessed. the effects of ngf on cone photomechanical movements (pmms) and horizontal cell (hc) spinule formation were measured. ngf-induced cone contraction and formation of hc spinules in the dark-adapted ...200111223810
stress responses and changes in protein metabolism in carp cyprinus carpio during cadmium exposure.stress responses and changes in protein metabolism were studied in common carp cyprinus carpio exposed to 0, 0.8, 4, and 20 microm cadmium (cd) over a 29-day period. blood and other tissue samples were taken after 4 and 29 days of exposure. the highest cd concentration proved to be lethal to the fish, resulting in 100% mortality after 21 days of exposure. cd accumulated in the tissues in the following order: kidney>liver>gills. blood hematocrit, blood hemoglobin, plasma glucose, plasma lactate, ...200111222034
metals, boron, and selenium in neosho madtom habitats in the neosho river in kansas, u.s.a.in 1991 and 1992 we determined the levels of metals, arsenic, boron, and selenium in the neosho river drainage in southeastern kansas, the primary habitat for the threatened neosho madtom (noturus placidus). we evaluated concentrations in sediments, mussels (quadrula pustulosa and q. metanevra), and fish (percina phoxocephala, cyprinus carpio, and ictiobus bubalus) from three sites on the neosho river and one site on the cottonwood river. we also evaluated contaminant concentrations in c. carpio ...200111214445
effect of maillard reaction with glucose and ribose on solubility at low ionic strength and filament-forming ability of fish myosin.it was previously reported that water-soluble fish meat can be prepared by the maillard reaction with reducing monosaccharides. to clarify the molecular mechanism of the solubility improvement caused by the glycosylation, carp myosin and myosin rod region were reacted with glucose and ribose, and their solubilities and filament-forming abilities at low ionic strength were investigated. the solubility of myosin in 0.1 m nacl increased with the glycosylation and reached the same level as in 0.5 m ...200111453782
toxic effects of copper and zinc mixtures on some haematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, cyprinus carpio (linn).the effect of heavy metals and mixture were studied on some haematological and biochemical parameters in fish, cyprinus carpio at sublethal level over the period of 30 days. heavy metal significantly decreased total rbc count, haemogoblin, heamatocrit (hct) (except copper after 10 days exposure). the wbc count was increased significantly in all the treated fish. the mch, mchc, mvc were increased depending upon the exposure period; declined pvc was noticed at 1% level of significance after 30 day ...200111500014
differential role of adrenoceptors in control of plasma glucose and fatty acids in carp, cyprinus carpio (l.).carp were cannulated in the dorsal aorta, and after 2 days of recovery they were infused with 1) norepinephrine, 2) yohimbine (alpha(2)-antagonist) plus norepinephrine, 3) clonidine (alpha(2)-agonist), and 4) isoproterenol (nonselective beta-agonist). norepinephrine lowered the plasma free fatty acid (ffa) level and raised the plasma glucose level for several hours. norepinephrine in combination with the alpha(2)-antagonist yohimbine resulted in retardation of the ffa decrease, indicating the in ...200111448867
blocking ampa receptor desensitization prolongs spontaneous epsc decay times and depolarizes h1 horizontal cells in carp retinal slices.desensitization of h1 horizontal cell (h1 hc) glutamate receptors was investigated in carp retinal slices using cyclothiazide (ctz), an inhibitor of ampa receptor desensitization. 100 microm ctz depolarized h1 hcs and increased the amplitude of light responses, without any prominent changes in their kinetics. spontaneous epscs (sepscs) in h1 hcs were observed in the presence of 2.5 mm heptanol, an uncoupling agent of gap junctions. 20 microm gyki52466 (an ampa receptor antagonist) blocked the se ...200111448513
altered serum sex steroids and vitellogenin induction in walleye (stizostedion vitreum) collected near a metropolitan sewage treatment plant.several recent in situ studies have reported that domestic and mixed domestic/industrial sewage effluents contain one or more natural or anthropogenic estrogenic substances. those studies examined caged or feral fish for the presence of the egg yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (vtg), in the blood of male fish. we have previously reported that male, feral carp (cyprinus carpio) obtained from the effluent channel of a major sewage treatment plant (stp) exhibited depressed serum testosterone (t ...200111443371
ontogenesis of hexokinase i and hexokinase iv (glucokinase) gene expressions in common carp (cyprinus carpio) related to diet.the expressions of hexokinase iv (glucokinase, gk) and hexokinase (hk)-i genes were analysed during early ontogenesis of common carp (cyprinus carpio). unlike hk-i gene, which was expressed during all the stages of the development, gk was only induced by the first feeding with high levels of dextrin as a source of carbohydrate. this study confirms the high capacity of common carp to use glucose even at the very early stages of development.200111430768
correlations between osteocalcin content, degree of mineralization, and mechanical properties of c. carpio rib bone.osteocalcin is one of the most abundant noncollagenous proteins in bone. it is strongly associated with the mineral phase of bone, and has long been associated as a marker of bone turnover. however, its relationship to bone composition, strength, and structure is unclear. carp rib bone is an excellent model for the study, because osteocalcin represents almost 60% of the total extractable noncollagenous proteins found in it. because of the abundance of osteocalcin relative to other extractable pr ...200111426600
invasive carp in the mississippi river basin. 200111424944
micronuclei induced in erythrocytes of cyprinus carpio (teleostei, pisces) by x-rays and colchicine.in the present work the induction of micronuclei in erythrocytes of cyprinus carpio treated with x-rays and colchicine is studied for the evaluation of mutagenic effects of both clastogenic and mitoclastic (spindle poisoning) agents in this system. three different experiments were performed treating groups of laboratory-reproduced animals with (1) single doses of x-rays (0.1, 0.5 and 2gy); (2) a single i.p. injection of colchicine at the concentrations: 1.6x10(-2), 8x10(-2), 0.4 and 2mg/kg b.w. ...200111423354
hydrogen ion binding properties of tuna haemoglobins.tunas are very active fish with a high aerobic capacity, but they also regularly perform burst swimming with massive production of lactic acid. the present study examines whether h(+) buffering by tuna haemoglobin (hb) is elevated to cope with metabolic acidoses (by analogy with the high buffer capacity of tuna white musculature) or whether the hb-h(+) binding properties resemble other teleosts that have low buffer values and high haldane effects. h(+) titration of oxygenated and deoxygenated co ...200111423321
physiological and pharmacological characterization of glutamate and gaba receptors on carp retinal neurons. 200111420948
plasticity of myosin heavy chain expression with temperature acclimation is gradually acquired during ontogeny in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were reared from hatching until 61 mm total length (tl) at 21 degrees c. at 14 weeks and 20 weeks post-hatch, corresponding to initial lengths of 30 mm and 44 mm respectively, fish were acclimated to 10 degrees c using a rate of cooling of 1 degrees c per day. a statistical model was used to compare the time course in the change of white muscle myofibrillar atpase activity with temperature acclimation. the myosin heavy chain (mhc) composition of white muscle myof ...200111409629
selective synaptic distribution of ampa and kainate receptor subunits in the outer plexiform layer of the carp retina.the subunit composition of ionotropic glutamate receptors (glurs) is extremely diverse and responsible for the diversity of postsynaptic responses to the release of glutamate, which is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina. to understand the functional consequences of this diversity, it is necessary to reveal the synaptic localization and subunit composition of glurs. we have used immuno light and electron microscopy to localize ampa and kainate (glur1, glur2/3, glur4, glur5-7) sub ...200111406824
identification of two hsp90 genes in carp.two hsp90 cdna isoforms (hsp90alpha and hsp90beta) were isolated from the common carp (cyprinus carpio). gene-specific probes and primers were selected and used in northern blot hybridization and rt-pcr reactions to measure the basal hsp90 mrna levels and to follow the inducer-specific expression of the hsp90 genes in different tissues during in vivo studies. the hsp90beta gene is largely constitutively expressed at a fairly high level in all the examined tissues (brain, liver and kidney) and is ...200111489437
effect of temperature on the uptake of waterborne strontium in the common carp, cyprinus carpio (l.).the effect of temperature on the uptake kinetics of strontium (sr) in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) was studied in vivo, exposing pre-acclimated fish to a wide range of sr concentrations in water (sr(total)=0.2-10,000 microm; ca(total)=348 microm) at 10, 20, 25 and 30 degrees c. sr uptake rates were determined in the whole body, gills and blood of the fish after an exposure period of 3 h and were analyzed as a function of the free-ion activity of sr and ca in water. the uptake of sr(2+) by t ...200111489303
organization of the nkef gene and its expression in the common carp (cyprinus carpio).natural killer enhancing factor (nkef) is a member of the newly defined peroxiredoxin (prx) family. its functions are to enhance the cytotoxic capacity of natural killer cells and to prevent dna and protein from being damaged by oxidative stress in the presence of thiol compounds. however, little is known about the structure and function of nkef in lower vertebrates. we have recently cloned a cdna encoding nkef from the common carp (cyprinus carpio) by use of suppression subtractive hybridizatio ...200111472781
in situ hybridization of somatolactin transcripts in the pituitary glands from acclimatized carp (cyprinus carpio).we isolated and cloned a carp somatolactin sl dna fragment, of which 78% of the nucleotides were identical to the corresponding salmon sl sequence. the results obtained upon northern blot hybridization of carp pituitary rna allowed the identification of two transcripts as described for other fish. when the content of sl transcripts in pituitary sections from summer- and winter-acclimatized carp was quantified by in situ hybridization assays, we found no significant differences between the two se ...200111471523
construction and characterization of bac libraries for three fish species; rainbow trout, carp and tilapia.bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries are important tools for genomic research. we have constructed seven genomic bac libraries from three fish species, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), carp (cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). the two rainbow trout bac libraries have average insert sizes of 58 and 110 kb. the average size of inserts in the carp bac library is 160 kb. the average insert sizes of the four tilapia bac libraries are 65, 105, 145 and 194 kb, respectiv ...200111531698
vitellogenin gene transcription: a relative quantitative exposure indicator of environmental estrogens.we report the development of a quantifiable exposure indicator for measuring the presence of environmental estrogens in aquatic systems. synthetic oligonucleotides, designed specifically for the vitellogenin gene (vg) transcription product, were used in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocol. this extremely sensitive and rapid method was able to detect vitellogenin gene transcription in male common carp (cyprinus carpio) injected with 17beta-estradiol. sequence analy ...200111521824
identification and quantitation method for nonylphenol and lower oligomer nonylphenol ethoxylates in fish tissues.substantial research is currently focused on the toxicological effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates (apes) and alkylphenols (aps) on aquatic animals. considerable data are available on the concentrations of apes and aps in river systems in the united states; however, few if any data are available on the tissue concentrations of fish living in these rivers. a reliable method for the analysis of nonylphenol (np) and lower oligomer nonylphenol ethoxylates (npe1-3) in fish tissues has been developed. ...200111521811
effects of light and darkness on cell deaths in damaged retinal ganglion cells of the carp retina.effects of light and darkness on the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) in young carp were measured by tunel method after transection of the optic nerve. following the operation, the fish were kept under one of four regimens; constant darkness (dd), constant light (ll), 12 hr light and 12 hr dark (ld) and 3 hr of flickering light followed by 21 hr in the dark (fl). on day 3, the highest ratio of apoptotic rgcs was seen under conditions of dd, followed by ll, ld, and fl. on day 6, the per ...200111512415
3-methylcholanthrene increases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced respiratory burst activity and intracellular calcium levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio l) macrophages.phagocytic cells play a key role in the fish immune system. they secrete reactive oxygen species (ros) involved in their bactericidal activity. these cells are highly sensitive to pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic pollutants. we have investigated the intracellular mechanisms by which 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc) increased bactericidal activity of carp phagocytes. macrophages isolated from head kidney (pronephros) and incubated 1 h with 3-mc enhanced their production ...200111509021
role of ph on the calcium ion dependence of the nitric oxide synthase in the carp brain.the role of ph on the calcium dependence of nitric oxide synthase (nos) of cyprinus carpio brain was investigated. this fish is known to survive prolonged periods of hypoxia. under this condition, cerebral blood flow is no longer regulated by nitric oxide (no). nitric oxide synthase activity is ph dependent in the range of ph between 7.4 and 6.2 with a decrease when tissue acidifies. at acidic ph, the dependence of the nos activity on the free ca(2+) concentrations changes considerably and shows ...200111604251
trace metal levels in freshwater fish, sediment and water.the trace metal concentrations in water, sediment and aquatic organisms, such as fish, could indicate the level and tendency of the pollution. this is important not only for the protection of the environment, but for evaluation of the quality of fish meat either captured from natural waters or cultured in fishponds. the total trace metal concentrations in samples of fish from different regions of hungary and from different species have been determined by using an x-ray fluorescence technique (ed ...200111601363
surviving anoxia with the brain turned on.crucian carp is one of few vertebrates that tolerate anoxia. it maintains brain atp during anoxia partially by reducing atp consumption. however, unlike turtles, which become comatose during anoxia, this fish remains physically active. this striking difference in anoxic survival strategy is reflected all the way down to the cellular level.200111572925
[erod induction in liver microsome of carp(cyprinus carpio) by nitroaromatic hydrocarbons in vitro].nine nitroaromatic hydrocarbons (nahs) induction of erod activity was investigated by an in vitro assay based on carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatic microsome system. all nine nahs tested were found to induce the activity of erod. there was dose-effect relationship between erod activity and concentrations of nahs. it was found that erod activity was different, when different groups substituted at the same position of benzene ring, or the same group was at different position of benzene ring.200111569104
modulation of fish phagocytic cells by n-terminal peptides of proopiomelanocortin (npp).n-terminal peptide of proopiomelanocortin (npp, or pro-gamma-msh) has shown to exhibit biological activity such as stimulation of adrenal mitogenesis and prolactin release-inhibiting factor activity. structurally, studies reveal a significant difference between fish npp from that of tetrapods, as npps from carp and salmonid lack gamma-msh. thus, fish npp may exhibit functions different from that of mammals. the activation of phagocytic cells by npp was analysed using rainbow trout oncorhynchus m ...200111550181
[compound epsps and action potential of mauthner cell evoked by skin stimulation in crucian carp].to investigate the effects of afferent excitatory inputs from skin on the excitability of mauthner cell (m cell) of crucian carp.200112905874
[intracellular potential changes in crucian carps mauthner cells evoked by vagal sensory inputs].in the present experiments, microelectrode recording technique was used to explore the electrophysiological properties of mauthner cells (m-cells) with stimuli applied to the right vagus. direct stimulation of the right vagus evoked short-latency, long-lasting, graded, and complex postsynaptic potentials (psps) on both mauthner cell bodies in crucian carp, which are stimulus strength- and frequency- dependent. the evoked psps reduced the amplitudes of the antidromic action potentials. after intr ...200111930200
effects of cypermethrin on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of the freshwater fish, oreochromis niloticus and cyprinus carpio (l.). 200111911634
fiber connections of the nucleus isthmi in the carp (cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).the nucleus pretectalis (np) is a prominent nucleus in the percomorph pretectum and has been shown to project to the nucleus isthmi in the filefish by an hrp tract-tracing method [ito et al., 1981], but a homologous nucleus to the np is apparently lacking in ostariophysans. the present study examined fiber connections of the nucleus isthmi in an ostariophysan teleost, the carp (cyprinidae, cyprinus carpio), to identify a nucleus homologous to the percomorph nucleus pretectalis. identical studies ...200111964496
germ-line chimera by lower-part blastoderm transplantation between diploid goldfish and triploid crucian carp.germ-line chimerism was successfully induced by blastoderm transplantation from donor triploid crucian carp, which reproduces gynogenetically, to recipient diploid goldfish, which reproduces bisexually. lower part of donor blastoderm including primordial germ cells (pgcs) was sandwiched between recipient blastoderm at the mid- to late-blastula stage. when donor grafts were prepared from intact embryos or ventralized ones by removing vegetal yolk hemisphere at the 1- to 2-cell stage, malformation ...200111841168
environmental reprogramming of the expression of protein kinase ck2beta subunit in fish.the dramatic segregation of the nucleolar components in winter-acclimatized carp is the most striking cellular-phenotypical feature observed during the seasonal adaptation of this fish toward the circannual changes in its habitat. our studies also show that the carp habitat temperature and photoperiod winter conditions provoke a remarkable reduction of both rrna transcription and the processing of their precursors. to gain knowledge on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of nucleolar activ ...200111827160
effect of pyrethroids on carbohydrate metabolic pathways in common carp, cyprinus carpio.the activity levels of succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) were assessed in various tissues of cyprinus carpio var communis which had been exposed to lethal concentrations of group-ii pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and fluvalinate) for a period of 72 h. the results indicated a steady decrease in sdh activity with a concomitant increase in g6pd activity. the decreased sdh activity indicated inhibition of sdh at mitochondrial level and t ...200111802603
how to avoid cardiac ischemic events associated with aortic surgery.whereas there is some degree of coronary artery disease (cad) in most patients undergoing vascular surgery, there is no consensus regarding how to avoid perioperative cardiac ischemic events. although this edition of seminars in vascular surgery is devoted to aortic surgery, it must be remembered that the incidence of adverse cardiac outcomes after infrainguinal operations is at least as great as after aortic procedures. thus, much of the information discussed herein will be applicable to patien ...200111740831
the influence of spatial scale and habitat arrangement on diel patterns of habitat use by two lowland river fishes.there is growing awareness that patterns of habitat use by animals cannot be isolated from issues of scale. recently, techniques have been devised which allow empirical testing of hypotheses related to the effects of spatial scale on habitat use. we used spatially explicit statistical procedures to examine the roles of scale and habitat arrangement in determining fish distribution patterns in a reach of an australian lowland river. native golden perch and introduced common carp were tracked day ...200124577692
low amplification and fast visual pigment phosphorylation as mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses.vertebrate cone photoreceptors are known to show lower light sensitivity and briefer photoresponses than rod photoreceptors. to understand the molecular mechanisms characterizing cone photoresponses, we compared some of the reactions in the phototransduction cascade between rods and cones. for this purpose, rods and cones were obtained in quantities large enough to do biochemical studies. the cells were purified from the retina of carp (cyprinus carpio) with a stepwise percoll gradient. the puri ...200111707584
projection of sensory neurons with microvilli to the lateral olfactory tract indicates their participation in feeding behaviour in crucian carp.in the olfactory system of vertebrates, a large number of primary sensory neurons terminate in glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, where they make synapses with a significantly smaller number of secondary neurons. we applied small amounts of a lipophilic neural tracer (dil) in the glomerular regions of the lateral olfactory bulb in crucian carp, and investigated the centrifugal migration of this stain through the secondary neurons towards the brain and peripherally to the sensory neurons of the olf ...200111705799
is feeding behaviour in crucian carp mediated by the lateral olfactory tract?experiments were performed to investigate which bundle of the olfactory tract was essential for mediating feeding behaviour in crucian carp. fish were divided in three groups: control fish, fish with only the lateral olfactory tracts (lots) intact and fish with the lots cut. the fish were maintained in physiological saline after surgery to preserve the remaining tracts and postoperative inspections revealed the functional status of the remaining tracts. with the injection of food odour into the ...200111705798
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in tissue samples from three species in the denver, colorado, usa, metropolitan area.the rocky mountain arsenal (rma), a superfund site near denver, colorado, usa, has a history of various industrial processes that may have led to the release of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the pcdds, pcdfs, and non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted pcbs cause a common set of toxic effects that are mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr). the total ahr-mediated activity of complex mixtures in ...200111699766
the effect of two alkylphenols on vitellogenin levels in male carp.nonylphenol and octylphenol, the major biodegradation products of nonionic surfactants, are among the increasing number of widely used industrial chemicals that are recognized as endocrine disrupters. in this study, nonylphenol and octylphenol were administered to male carp by injection, feeding and immersion, and a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to monitor the plasma levels of the yolk precursor vitellogenin over time. in injection and feeding experiments, vitellog ...200111699573
[genetics of color of the ornamental carp: inheritance of underlying dark coloration].in ornamental carps from the collection of the experimental station, all-russia research institute of fresh-water fisheries, fish with a dirty dark tint of body color among orange and white fish were found. this coloration was shown to be due to the presence of black pigment cells in the lower skin layer. in the outer skin layers these cells were almost entirely absent. this color type was found to be determined by the presence of at least one of alleles b1' or b2' of digenic system b1, b2, whic ...200111761623
phylogeny of cytokines: molecular cloning and expression analysis of sea bass dicentrarchus labrax interleukin-1beta.in this paper the cloning of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) from the fish dicentrarchus labrax (sea bass) is described. using degenerate primers designed from known il-1beta sequences, a cdna fragment was amplified by pcr and elongated by 3' and 5' race to give the full-length coding sequence for sea bass il-1beta. the cdna is 1292 bp, lacks a putative ice cut site, and codes for a deduced peptide of 29.4 kda with a pi of 5.1. sequence analysis showed highest amino acid similarity with rainbow tro ...200111759041
[effect of silver carp stocking and fertilization on plankton community in enclosures in saline-alkaline ponds].the effect of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) stocking and fertilization on plankton community of enclosures ecosystem in saline-alkaline ponds were studied. after stocking silver carp in enclosures, the abundance, chlorophyll-a content and primary productivity of phytoplankton increased, and the biomass of phytoplankton was mainly composed by small species, such as diatom and green algae. moreover, euglnophyta and chrysophyta were also subdominant species. the biomass of zooplankton d ...200111757386
invasive carp in china's plateau lakes. 200111695424
segregation of microsatellite alleles and residual heterozygosity at single loci in homozygous androgenetic common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).thirty-three androgenetic progeny groups of common carp were analysed using 11 microsatellite markers to (i) verify the homozygous status of the 566 androgenetic individuals, (ii) analyse the microsatellite allele segregation, and (iii) study the possible association of microsatellite alleles with phenotypic traits. in total, 92% of the androgenetic individuals proved to be homozygous at all 11 loci. forty-three of the 47 heterozygous individuals were heterozygous at a single locus only. this he ...200111681597
a permanent fish cell line (epc) for genotoxicity testing of marine sediments with the comet assay.genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated in an in vitro system with a permanent cell line epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) derived from a skin tumour of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). epc cells were exposed to different concentrations of organic sediment extracts from the north sea for 24h. after incubation the cells were analysed for viability and dna strand breaks with the comet assay or single cell gel electrophoresis (scge). the results confirm the sensitivity of this assay. out of 10 mar ...200111673072
isolation, expression and characterization of carp retinol-binding protein.vitamin a alcohol and its precursors carotenoids are introduced in the organism with the diet, transported to the liver and from there as retinol to target tissues by a specific carrier, the retinol-binding protein (rbp). rbp, isolated and characterized in many vertebrates, shows very high homology among the species investigated; however, very little is known in fish. in the present work rbp cdna isolated from a carp liver library was transcribed and translated in vitro and the corresponding pro ...200212354658
efficacy of water hyacinth compost in nursery ponds for larval rearing of indian major carp, labeo rohita.the use of water hyacinth compost as manure in nursery ponds for larval rearing of indian major carp, labeo rohita was studied. better performance with regard to growth and survivability of the larvae was recorded in the ponds treated with water hyacinth compost (group a) than in either the ponds treated with inorganic fertilizers (group b) or the ponds where no treatment was applied (group c). the average percentages of survival in groups a, b and c were 14.3, 11.2 and 5.0, respectively. thus a ...200212365499
endocrine disruptors in sewage treatment plants, receiving river waters, and sediments: integration of chemical analysis and biological effects on feral carp.occurrence of alkylphenol ethoxylates or their metabolites (alkylphenols and carboxylated derivatives), as well as natural and synthetic steroids in sewage treatment plant (stp) effluents and in their receiving waters, has been related to biological effects, measured as alterations of plasma vitellogenin (vtg) concentration in natural fish populations. water composites of stp influents, effluents, sludge, river water, sediment, and feral carps (cyprinus carpio) were analyzed over a seven-month p ...200212371491
in vitro antiestrogenic effects of aryl methyl sulfone metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene on 17beta-estradiol-induced gene expression in several bioassay systems.methylsulfonyl (meso(2)) metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (4,4'-dde), itself a metabolite of the insecticide 4,4'-ddt, are emerging as a major class of contaminants in the tissues of wildlife and humans. we investigated the antiestrogenic capacity and potencies of 3'- and 4'-meso(2)-2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (cb101) and -2,2',4,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (cb49), which are among the most environmentally persistent meso(2)-pcbs, and 3 ...200212377985
relationships between persistent organic chemicals residues and biochemical constituents in fish from a protected area: the french national nature reserve of camargue.the reserve of biosphere of camargue [french national nature reserve of camargue (nnrc)] is a protected area frequently exposed to natural and anthropogenic environmental alterations. to evaluate potential contamination of fish with lipophilic chemicals-organochlorines (ocs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs)-a biological monitoring survey was carried out. metabolic reserve levels were evaluated to select appropriate biological indicators able to be significant biomarkers. in addition, ...200212379424
primary structure of myosin heavy chain from fast skeletal muscle of chum salmon oncorhynchus keta.the nucleotide sequence of the cdna encoding myosin heavy chain of chum salmon oncorhynchus keta fast skeletal muscle was determined. the sequence consists of 5,994 bp, including 5,814 bp of translated region deducing an amino acid sequence of 1,937 residues. the deduced sequence showed 79% homology to that of rabbit fast skeletal myosin and 84-87% homology to those of fast skeletal myosins from walleye pollack, white croaker and carp. the putative binding-sites for atp, actin and regulatory lig ...200212381388
alpha(1)-adrenergic activation of the cardiac ankyrin repeat protein gene in cardiac myocytes.cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) is a nuclear transcription cofactor that is activated by multiple signaling pathways in hypertrophic cardiac myocytes. since carp has been reported to be a transcriptional co-repressor, its activation during hypertrophy might contribute to the deregulation of gene expression leading to heart failure. here, we found that alpha(1)-adrenergic signaling activates carp mrna expression in rat cardiac myocytes. to examine how alpha(1)-adrenergic signaling activates ...200212384280
structural dependencies of h3jnc' scalar coupling in protein h-bond chains.the h-bond ((h3)j(nc')) and peptide bond ((1)j(nc')) scalar couplings establish connectivity of the electronic structure in the h-bond chains of proteins. the correlated changes of (h3)j(nc') and (1)j(nc') couplings extend over several peptide groups in the chains. consequently, the electronic structure of the h-bond chains can affect (h3)j(nc') in a manner that is independent of the local h-bond geometry. by taking this into account, and by using a more complete set of h-bond geometry parameter ...200212440921
phenotypic characteristics and pathogenicity of aeromonas genomospecies isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).to evaluate the relationship between the genomospecies, phenotypic profile and pathogenicity for carp of 37 motile aeromonas strains.200212452960
in vitro assessment of potential mechanism-specific effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers.this study examined the ability of environmentally relevant concentrations of 10 different polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) to induce aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr)- and estrogen receptor (er)-mediated gene expression in vitro. it also examined the ability of pbdes to displace steroid hormones from serum proteins in vitro. at concentrations ranging up to 880 ng/ ml, none of the pbdes significantly displaced tritiated 17beta-estradiol (e2) or testosterone from hormone-stripped carp serum. ...200212389923
cloning and sequencing of wee1 from the ovary of the gynogenetic japanese silver crucian carp (ginbuna) [carassius auratus langsdorfi].wee1 is one of the genes which regulates the cell cycle. cdna encoding a wee1-homolog has been isolated from japanese silver crucian carp (ginbuna) by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques. the cdna obtained from the ovary tissue encoded a protein of 526 amino acids and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high homology (69.9%) with xenopus laevis wee1 in the protein kinase domain. a phylogenetic analysis among wee1 amino acid sequences from various organisms showed that the crucian ...200212391727
seasonal changes in plasma steroid levels in indian major carp labeo rohita: influence of homologous pituitary extract on steroid production and development of oocyte maturational competence.circannual variations in plasma levels of testosterone (t), 17beta-estradiol (e(2)), and 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (dhp) as well as seasonal fluctuations in ovarian steroid synthetic potential were observed in indian major carp, labeo rohita. a study was also conducted to examine the mechanism of the development of gonadotropin-induced maturational competence in oocytes of this fish. the present study recorded the lowest values of plasma e(2) and t in l. rohita during the perio ...200212392685
glandular kallikreins in the teleost cyprinus carpio: tissue distribution, possible involvement in prolactin processing, and effect of 17 beta-estradiol in vivo.we examined glandular kallikrein (gk), a putative prolactin processing protease, in the teleost cyprinus carpio. when employing an anti-centropristis striata gk antibody proteins of 39 kda in muscle, 52 kda in gill, 52 kda in kidney, and two proteins of 46 and 72 kda in pituitary gland were detected. immunoreactive kallikreins were recognized in intermuscle cell tissue, epithelial gill cells, apical region of tubular cells, and prolactin producing lactotrophs in pituitary gland, suggesting a osm ...200212392686
high vitamin a content in some small indigenous fish species in bangladesh: perspectives for food-based strategies to reduce vitamin a deficiency.recognising the importance of fish in the bangladeshi diet, the objective of the present study was to screen commonly consumed fish species for vitamin a content to evaluate the potential of fish as a vitamin a source in food-based strategies to combat vitamin a deficiency. samples of 26 commonly consumed fish species and one crustacean were collected in kishoreganj and mymensingh, bangladesh. to obtain edible parts, the fish were cleaned by bangladeshi women according to traditional practices. ...200212396468
characterisation of a monoclonal antibody to carp il-1beta and the development of a sensitive capture elisa.a carp il-1beta gene was identified from a subtraction hybridisation technology based cdna library from activated carp leucocytes. this gene was cloned into pqe vector carrying 6xhis tag and the protein was expressed. recombinant il-1beta was used to produce hybridomas specific for carp il-1beta. monoclonal antibodies were purified by affinity column and a sandwich elisa for il-1beta was developed with a detection limit of 10 ng of the recombinant protein. using the capture elisa, the presence o ...200212400859
granulocyte responses to experimental injection of live and formalin-killed bacteria in carp (cyprinus carpio).the objective of the study was to investigate the dynamics of changes in number of granulocytes in bacterial infections of carp (cyprinus carpio). carp were inoculated with non-pathogenic or pathogenic bacteria and changes in type i (neutrophils) and type ii granulocyte (basophils/eosinophils) counts in kidney, circulating blood and peritoneal cavity were assessed. after the injection of non-pathogenic bacteria (escherichia coli), the number of type i and ii cells in blood increased after 6-12h, ...200212406659
[effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (pacap) on intracellular camp and ca(2+) levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio) pituitary cells in vitro].in order to study signal transduction in pacap-stimulated gh release, effects of ovine pacaps (opacaps) on camp synthesis and intracellular free ca(2+)([ca(2+)](i)) levels in primarily cultured common carp (cyprinus carpio) pituitary cells were investigated using radioimmunoassay (ria) for camp and [ca(2+)](i) indo-1/am loading techniques. the main results obtained could be briefly summarized as follows: parallel with their gh-releasing effects, opacap-38 (0.01 nmol/l to 1 micromol/l) and opacap ...200212417926
gonadosomatic index and testis morphology of common carp (cyprinus carpio) in rivers contaminated with estrogenic chemicals.to study the effect of estrogenic chemicals on fish, the gonadosomatic index (gsi = [testis weight/body weight] x 100) and testis histology of mature common carp (cyprinus carpio) from 2 contaminated sites (ishizu and wada rivers, osaka) and a control site were examined between june 1998 and march 2001. the concentration of nonylphenol, bisphenol a and 17beta-estradiol in the ishizu river was 3-4 times higher than in the wada river. in the pre-breeding and breeding seasons, there were no signifi ...200212419869
spring viremia of carp (svc).spring viremia of carp (svc) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp cyprinus carpio. the disease is widespread in european carp culture, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. designated a notifiable disease by the office international des epizooties, svc is caused by a rhabdovirus, spring viremia of carp virus (svcv). affected fish show destruction of tissues in the kidney, spleen and liver, leading to hemorrhage, loss of water-salt balance and impairment ...200212553453
heterologous exchanges of the glycoprotein and the matrix protein in a novirhabdovirus.infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) are two salmonid rhabdoviruses replicating at low temperatures (14 to 20 degrees c). both viruses belong to the novirhabdovirus genus, but they are only distantly related and do not cross antigenically. by using a recently developed reverse-genetic system based on ihnv (s. biacchesi et al., j. virol. 74:11247-11253, 2000), we investigated the ability to exchange ihnv glycoprotein g with that of vhsv. thu ...200211861855
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